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Veloso SRS, Rosa M, Diaferia C, Fernandes C. A Review on the Rheological Properties of Single Amino Acids and Short Dipeptide Gels. Gels 2024; 10:507. [PMID: 39195036 DOI: 10.3390/gels10080507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled peptide-based hydrogels have attracted considerable interest from the research community. Particularly, low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) consisting of amino acids and short peptides are highly suitable for biological applications owing to their facile synthesis and scalability, as well as their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and stability in physiological conditions. However, challenges in understanding the structure-property relationship and lack of design rules hinder the development of new gelators with the required properties for several applications. Hereby, in the plethora of peptide-based gelators, this review discusses the mechanical properties of single amino acid and dipeptide-based hydrogels. A mutual analysis of these systems allows us to highlight the relationship between the gel mechanical properties and amino acid sequence, preparation methods, or N capping groups. Additionally, recent advancements in the tuning of the gels' rheological properties are reviewed. In this way, the present review aims to help bridge the knowledge gap between structure and mechanical properties, easing the selection or design of peptides with the required properties for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio R S Veloso
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies (LaPMET), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariangela Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi "Carlo Pedone" (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", Via Tommaso de Amicis 95, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Diaferia
- Department of Pharmacy, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi "Carlo Pedone" (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", Via Tommaso de Amicis 95, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Célio Fernandes
- Transport Phenomena Research Centre (CEFT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Mathematics (CMAT), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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2
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Ghanbari E, Picken SJ, van Esch JH. Design Rules for Binary Bisamide Gelators: toward Gels with Tailor-Made Structures and Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12182-12195. [PMID: 37578393 PMCID: PMC10469460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study intends to develop design rules for binary mixture of gelators that govern their assembly behavior and subsequently explore the impact of their supramolecular assembly patterns on the gels' rheological properties. To achieve these goals, nBA gelators with odd and even parities [n-methylene spacers between the amide groups (n = 5-10) and 17 carbons at each end] were blended at different ratios. Such bisamides with simple structures were selected to study because their different spacer lengths offer the possibility to have matching or non-matching hydrogen bonds. The results show that the assembly behavior of binary mixtures of bisamide gelators is the same in the solid and gel states. Binary mixtures of gelators, which only differ two methylene moieties in the spacer length, form compounds and co-assemble into fibers and sheets observed for (5BA)1(7BA)1 and (6BA)1(8BA)1 mixtures, respectively. Binary gelator mixtures of the same parity and a larger spacer length difference still lead to mixing for the odd parity couple (5BA)1(9BA)1), but to partial phase separation for the even parity mixture (6BA)1(10BA)1. Binary mixtures of gelators of different parities gave complete phase separation in the solid state, and self-sorted gels consisting of discrete fibers and sheets in the gels of (5BA)3(6BA)1 and (5BA)3(10BA)1. The even-even binary gels (20 wt %) consisting of co-assembled sheets show higher G' than odd-odd binary gels (20 wt %) consisting of co-assembled fibers. In general, the self-sorting of odd and even molecules into the separate primary structures results in a dramatic decrease of G' compared to the co-assembled gels (20 wt %), except for (5BA)1(9BA)1 gel (20 wt %). It might be due to larger woven spheres in (5BA)1(9BA)1 gel (20 wt %), which probably have a less entangled gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Ghanbari
- Advanced Soft Matter (ASM) Group, Chemical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Applied Science (TNW), Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J. Picken
- Advanced Soft Matter (ASM) Group, Chemical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Applied Science (TNW), Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. van Esch
- Advanced Soft Matter (ASM) Group, Chemical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Applied Science (TNW), Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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3
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Sudhakaran Jayabhavan S, Kuppadakkath G, Damodaran KK. The Role of Functional Groups in Tuning the Self-Assembly Modes and Physical Properties of Multicomponent Gels. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300302. [PMID: 37407430 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the nature and role of functional groups on the self-assembly modes and the physical properties of multicomponent gels with structurally similar individual components. The gelation properties of individual and mixed enantiomeric compounds of biphenyl bis-(amides) of alanine (BPA) or phenylalanine (BPP) methyl ester were analyzed in various solvent/solvent mixtures. Multicomponent gels were formed by mixing the enantiomeric BPP compounds at a lower concentration, but a higher concentration was required for mixed alanine-based BPA gels. The comparison of the mechanical strength of the individual and mixed BPP compounds indicated that the mixed BPP gels displayed enhanced mechanical strength (∼2-fold increase) in p-xylene, but a weaker gel was observed in DMSO/water. However, a reverse trend was observed for BPA gels, indicating the role of functional groups in the gel network formation. X-ray diffraction analysis of the gelator and the xerogels in the solid state confirmed the formation of co-assembled networks in mixed enantiomeric gels. The stability of the gels towards anions was evaluated by analyzing the anion induced stimuli-responsive properties. These results indicate the effective modeling of the functional groups of the individual components could lead to multicomponent gels with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna K Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107, Reykjavík, Iceland
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4
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Co-assembled C13-dipeptide hydrogels by Gallic Acid (CA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with antibacterial activity. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Zheng J, Song X, Yang Z, Yin C, Luo W, Yin C, Ni Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Self-assembly hydrogels of therapeutic agents for local drug delivery. J Control Release 2022; 350:898-921. [PMID: 36089171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced drug delivery systems are of vital importance to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Among various recently developed formulations, self-assembling hydrogels composed of therapeutic agents have shown promising potential for local drug delivery owing to their excellent biocompatibility, high drug-loading efficiency, low systemic toxicity, and sustained drug release behavior. In particular, therapeutic agents self-assembling hydrogels with well-defined nanostructures are beneficial for direct delivery to the target site via injection, not only improving drug availability, but also extending their retention time and promoting cellular uptake. In brief, the self-assembly approach offers better opportunities to improve the precision of pharmaceutical treatment and achieve superior treatment efficacies. In this review, we intend to cover the recent developments in therapeutic agent self-assembling hydrogels. First, the molecular structures, self-assembly mechanisms, and application of self-assembling hydrogels are systematically outlined. Then, we summarize the various self-assembly strategies, including the single therapeutic agent, metal-coordination, enzyme-instruction, and co-assembly of multiple therapeutic agents. Finally, the potential challenges and future perspectives are discussed. We hope that this review will provide useful insights into the design and preparation of therapeutic agent self-assembling hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xianwen Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhaoyu Yang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Weikang Luo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chunyang Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yaqiong Ni
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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6
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Loos JN, Boott CE, Hayward DW, Hum G, MacLachlan MJ. Exploring the Tunable Optical and Mechanical Properties of Multicomponent Low-Molecular-Weight Gelators. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:105-114. [PMID: 33393307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A class of amino acid-based low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) was used for single and multicomponent gel studies to investigate their tunable optical properties and their self-assembly process. The optical properties of multicomponent gels were found to be easily tuned by changing the proportion of the components, varying from opaque to highly transparent gels as analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. This phenomenon allows tunability without introducing another variable into the system. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to investigate the structures of the gels. It was found that because of the structural similarities of the molecules, the gelators favor coassembly packing over self-sorting. The emergence of transparency was ascribed to changes in the fiber diameters. Moreover, analysis of the SAXS data allowed us to compare the molecular order present in the gel phase with single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) data. Our analysis suggests that the packing of molecules seen in the crystalline phase is translated into the gel network. This reveals that the structure of the crystalline phase seen through SCXRD is a useful tool to aid in understanding the molecular packing in the gel phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette N Loos
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Charlotte E Boott
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Dominic W Hayward
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Outstation at MLZ, Lichtenbergstraße 1, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hum
- BC Research Inc., 12920 Mitchell Road, Richmond, British Columbia V6V 1M8, Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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7
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Hu T, Zhang Z, Euston SR, Geng M, Pan S. Coassembly of C 13-Dipeptides: Gelations from Solutions and Precipitations. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5256-5268. [PMID: 33201680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C13-dipeptides that did not gel on their own were found to form hydrogels when combined with mixtures (coassembly). At pH = 4.6, by mixing negatively charged C13-WD (C13-WD2- and/or C13-WD-) with C13-KW or C13-YK, where the side chain of K carried positive charge, two composite hydrogels with different mechanical properties were formed. The gels exhibited various fiber structures that would account for their individual functionalities. According to molecular dynamics computer simulations, the composite systems formed spherical micelles through hydrophobic interactions that further aggregate to form gels through electrostatic interactions. The electrostatic repulsions between C13-WD molecules were interfered by insertions of C13-KW or C13-YK molecules, which result in gel formation in the composite systems. The results of computer simulations well explained the experimental observations, which provided new insights into the design and selection strategies for peptide gelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Stephen Robert Euston
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Mengjie Geng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
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8
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Nuthanakanti A, Srivatsan SG. Multi-stimuli responsive heterotypic hydrogels based on nucleolipids show selective dye adsorption. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4161-4171. [PMID: 34286214 PMCID: PMC7611312 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Analogous to nucleic acids, the building blocks of nucleic acids and their derivatives are widely used to create supramolecular architectures for application mainly in the field of biomedicine. Here, we describe the construction of a multi-stimuli responsive and toxic dye adsorbing heterotypic hydrogel system formed using simple nucleoside-fatty acid conjugates. The nucleolipids are derived by coupling fatty acid chains of different lengths at the 5' position of ribothymidine and uridine. The nucleolipids in the presence of a strong base (e.g. NaOH) undergo partial hydrolysis, which triggers the self-assembly of the hydrolysed components resulting in the formation of heterotypic hydrogels. Notably, the gels are formed specifically in the presence of Na+ ions as other ions such as Li+ and K+ did not support the hydrogelation process. Systematic analysis by microscopy, NMR, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and rheology indicated that the deprotonated nucleolipid and fatty acid salt interdigitate and provide necessary electrostatic interactions supported by Na+ ions to set the path for the hierarchical assembly process. Notably, the hydrogels are highly sensitive to external stimuli, wherein gel-sol transition can be reversibly controlled by using temperature, pH and host-guest interaction. One of the hydrogels made of 5'-O-myristate-conjugated ribothymidine was found to selectively adsorb cationic dyes such as methylene blue and rhodamine 6G in a recyclable fashion. Taken together, the easily scalable assembly, multi-stimuli responsiveness and ability to capture and release dyes highlight the potential of our nucleolipid hydrogel system in material applications and in the treatment of dye industry wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Nuthanakanti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchDr Homi Bhabha Road, PashanPune 411008India
| | - Seergazhi G. Srivatsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchDr Homi Bhabha Road, PashanPune 411008India
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9
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Aldilla VR, Chen R, Martin AD, Marjo CE, Rich AM, Black DS, Thordarson P, Kumar N. Anthranilamide-based Short Peptides Self-Assembled Hydrogels as Antibacterial Agents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:770. [PMID: 31964927 PMCID: PMC6972728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the synthesis and molecular properties of anthranilamide-based short peptides which were synthesised via ring opening of isatoic anhydride in excellent yields. These short peptides were incorporated as low molecular weight gelators (LMWG), bola amphiphile, and C3-symmetric molecules to form hydrogels in low concentrations (0.07-0.30% (w/v)). The critical gel concentration (CGC), viscoelastic properties, secondary structure, and fibre morphology of these short peptides were influenced by the aromaticity of the capping group or by the presence of electronegative substituent (namely fluoro) and hydrophobic substituent (such as methyl) in the short peptides. In addition, the hydrogels showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus 38 and moderate toxicity against HEK cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina R Aldilla
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Renxun Chen
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Adam D Martin
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anne M Rich
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David StC Black
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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10
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He H, Zheng H, Ma M, Shi Y, Gao Z, Chen S, Wang X. Chirality on dendrimers: “roll booster” of the molecule-level self-sorting assembly in two-component supramolecular gel system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2983-2986. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09816j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chirality-induced recognition-promoted thermodynamic phase separation and different rate-kinetically controlled assembly helps molecule-level self-sorting emerge in a dendritic multicomponent gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
- College of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Yanqing Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Zengliang Gao
- College of Mechanical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310000
- China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
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11
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Fayter AER, Gibson MI, Draper ER. Sub-zero temperature mechanically stable low molecular weight hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7274-7279. [PMID: 30555698 PMCID: PMC6238726 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01668b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We show here a low molecular weight hydrogelator based on a functionalised-dipeptide which is stable down to temperatures of -12 °C despite being made from >99% water. This stabilty at low temperature can be extended to ∼-40 °C by gelling water : glycerol mixtures. The temperature range is wider than that of the glycerol : water mixtures alone. The rheological properties of the gels do not change at this low temperature compared to that of gels at 25 °C. This freezing point depression offers a potentially new method of transporting gels and offers the prospect of hydrogels being used at much lower working temperatures whilst retaining the desired rheological properties, this is useful for cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , CV4 7AL , UK
- Warwick Medical School , University of Warwick , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Emily R Draper
- School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , G12 8QQ , UK .
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12
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Sawada H, Yamanaka M. Synthesis of a Bis-Urea Dimer and Its Effects on the Physical Properties of an Amphiphilic Tris-Urea Supramolecular Hydrogel. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:929-933. [PMID: 29512335 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The successful development of stiff supramolecular gels is an important goal toward their practical application. One approach to stiffen supramolecular gels is to introduce covalent cross-links. The bis-urea dimer 2, having a structure similar to that of the low-molecular-weight gelator 1, was synthesized. Supramolecular hydrogels were formed from mixtures of 1 and 2 in appropriate ratios, with 2 acting as a covalent cross-linker to connect the fibrous aggregates formed by the self-assembly of 1. The introduction of these covalent cross-links greatly influenced the dynamic viscoelasticity of the supramolecular hydrogels. In the supramolecular hydrogel of 1 mixed with 5 % 2, the storage modulus was 1.35 times higher than that of the supramolecular hydrogel of 1 alone, and the crossover strain was extended from 5 % to over 20 %. The supramolecular hydrogel of 1 and 2 was free-standing and supported 13 times its own weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sawada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
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13
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Draper ER, Adams DJ. How should multicomponent supramolecular gels be characterised? Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3395-3405. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00804j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the current state of characterising multicomponent low molecular weight gels across all length scales, and the effectiveness of the different techniques that have been used.
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14
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Singh N, Escuder B. Competition versus Cooperation in Catalytic Hydrogelators for anti-Selective Mannich Reaction. Chemistry 2017; 23:9946-9951. [PMID: 28513914 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical systems find similarities in different sociological and biological processes, in which the entities compete or cooperate for a favorable outcome. The structural and functional adaptations leading to emergent properties, especially in catalysis, are based on factors such as abundance of substrates, stability of the transition state, and structural/functional attributes of catalysts. Proline and acid groups appended to catalytic fibers of two self-sorting hydrogelators compete for the Mannich reaction between aniline, benzaldehyde, and cyclohexanone to give low overall selectivity (anti/syn 77:23). In a sol-gel system of the same molecules, on the other hand, the soluble acid appended molecules tend to cooperate with the fibers of proline-appended catalyst to give improved selectivity (anti/syn 95:5). The available options for the catalytic molecules are to carry out the reaction independently or in cooperation. However, these options are chosen based on the efficiency, selectivity, and mobility of catalysts as a result of their abilities to self-assemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Singh
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Av Sos Baynat, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - Beatriu Escuder
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Av Sos Baynat, Castellón, 12071, Spain
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15
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Wang Z, Cai Y, Yi L, Gao J, Yang Z. Supramolecular Hydrogels of Indole-Capped Short Peptides as Vaccine Adjuvants. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yanbin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Linan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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Draper ER, Wallace M, Schweins R, Poole RJ, Adams DJ. Nonlinear Effects in Multicomponent Supramolecular Hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2387-2395. [PMID: 28191979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent low molecular weight gels are useful for a range of applications. However, when mixing two components, both of which can independently form a gel, there are many potential scenarios. There is a limited understanding as to how to control and direct the assembly. Here, we focus on a pH-triggered two-component system. At high pH, colloidal structures are formed, and there is a degree of mixing of the two gelators. As the pH is decreased, there is a complex situation, where one gelator directs the assembly in a "sergeants and soldiers" manner. The second gelator is not fully incorporated, and the remainder forms an independent network. The result is that there is a nonlinear dependence on the final mechanical properties of the gels, with the storage or loss modulus being very dependent on the absolute ratio of the two components in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Draper
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Robert J Poole
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool , Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GH, U.K
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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17
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Synthesis of a Double-Network Supramolecular Hydrogel by Having One Network Catalyse the Formation of the Second. Chemistry 2017; 23:2018-2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Singh N, Zhang K, Angulo-Pachón CA, Mendes E, van Esch JH, Escuder B. Tandem reactions in self-sorted catalytic molecular hydrogels. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5568-5572. [PMID: 30034697 PMCID: PMC6021788 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01268j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By equipping mutually incompatible carboxylic acid and proline catalytic groups with different self-assembling motives we have achieved self-sorting of the resulting catalytic gelators, namely SucVal8 and ProValDoc, into different supramolecular fibers, thus preventing the acidic and basic catalytic groups from interfering with each other. The resulting spatial separation of the incompatible catalytic functions is found to be essential to achieve one-pot deacetalization-aldol tandem reactions with up to 85% efficiency and 90% enantioselectivity. On the contrary, when SucVal8 was co-assembled with a structurally similar catalytically active hydrogelator (ProVal8), self-sorting was precluded and no tandem catalysis was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Singh
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica , Universitat Jaume I , E-12071 Castelló , Spain .
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628 BL Delft , The Netherlands .
| | - César A Angulo-Pachón
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica , Universitat Jaume I , E-12071 Castelló , Spain .
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628 BL Delft , The Netherlands .
| | - Jan H van Esch
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628 BL Delft , The Netherlands .
| | - Beatriu Escuder
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica , Universitat Jaume I , E-12071 Castelló , Spain .
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19
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Du X, Zhou J, Shi J, Xu B. Supramolecular Hydrogelators and Hydrogels: From Soft Matter to Molecular Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13165-307. [PMID: 26646318 PMCID: PMC4936198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1278] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of the work of supramolecular hydrogelators after 2004 and to put emphasis particularly on the applications of supramolecular hydrogels/hydrogelators as molecular biomaterials. After a brief introduction of methods for generating supramolecular hydrogels, we discuss supramolecular hydrogelators on the basis of their categories, such as small organic molecules, coordination complexes, peptides, nucleobases, and saccharides. Following molecular design, we focus on various potential applications of supramolecular hydrogels as molecular biomaterials, classified by their applications in cell cultures, tissue engineering, cell behavior, imaging, and unique applications of hydrogelators. Particularly, we discuss the applications of supramolecular hydrogelators after they form supramolecular assemblies but prior to reaching the critical gelation concentration because this subject is less explored but may hold equally great promise for helping address fundamental questions about the mechanisms or the consequences of the self-assembly of molecules, including low molecular weight ones. Finally, we provide a perspective on supramolecular hydrogelators. We hope that this review will serve as an updated introduction and reference for researchers who are interested in exploring supramolecular hydrogelators as molecular biomaterials for addressing the societal needs at various frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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20
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Abstract
We discuss the potential and challenges of multicomponent low molecular weight gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Raeburn
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Dave J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
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21
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Matsumoto K, Shundo A, Ohno M, Fujita S, Saruhashi K, Miyachi N, Miyaji K, Tanaka K. Modulation of physical properties of supramolecular hydrogels based on a hydrophobic core. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:2192-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate herein the variation in viscoelastic properties of supramolecular hydrogels (SMG) composed of two amphiphiles, N-Palmitoyl-Gly-His (PalGH) and sodium palmitate (PalNa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Matsumoto
- Department of Automotive Science
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
| | - Atsuomi Shundo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER)
| | - Masashi Ohno
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
- Tokyo 101-0054
- Japan
| | - Shun Fujita
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
- Tokyo 101-0054
- Japan
| | | | | | | | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Automotive Science
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
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22
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Fichman G, Guterman T, Adler-Abramovich L, Gazit E. Synergetic functional properties of two-component single amino acid-based hydrogels. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid hydrogels composed of the Fmoc-Tyr and Fmoc-DOPA building blocks present mechanical rigidity and redox activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Fichman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tom Guterman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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23
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Colquhoun C, Draper ER, Eden EGB, Cattoz BN, Morris KL, Chen L, McDonald TO, Terry AE, Griffiths PC, Serpell LC, Adams DJ. The effect of self-sorting and co-assembly on the mechanical properties of low molecular weight hydrogels. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13719-25. [PMID: 25285577 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Self-sorting in low molecular weight hydrogels can be achieved using a pH triggered approach. We show here that this method can be used to prepare gels with different types of mechanical properties. Cooperative, disruptive or orthogonal assembled systems can be produced. Gels with interesting behaviour can be also prepared, for example self-sorted gels where delayed switch-on of gelation occurs. By careful choice of gelator, co-assembled structures can also be generated, which leads to synergistic strengthening of the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Colquhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K.
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24
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Wu D, Du X, Shi J, Zhou J, Xu B. Supramolecular Nanofibers/Hydrogels of the Conjugates of Nucleobase, Saccharide, and Amino Acids. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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