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Matboli M, Diab GI, Saad M, Khaled A, Roushdy M, Ali M, ELsawi HA, Aboughaleb IH. Machine-Learning-Based Identification of Key Feature RNA-Signature Linked to Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101456. [PMID: 39055616 PMCID: PMC11268357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third prime cause of malignancy-related mortality worldwide. Early and accurate identification of HCC is crucial for good prognosis, efficacy of therapy, and survival rates of the patients. We aimed to develop a machine-learning model incorporating differentially expressed RNA signatures with laboratory parameters to construct an RNA signature-based diagnostic model for HCC. Methods We have used five classifiers (KNN, RF, SVM, LGBM, and DNNs) to predict the liver disease (HCC). The classifiers were trained on 187 samples and then tested on 80 samples. The model included 22 features (age, sex, smoking, cirrhosis, non-cirrhosis, albumin, ALT, AST bilirubin (total and direct), INR, AFP, HBV Ag, HCV Abs, RQmiR-1298, RQmiR-1262, RQmiR-106b-3p, RQmRNARAB11A, and RQSTAT1, RQmRNAATG12, RQLnc-WRAP53, RQLncRNA- RP11-513I15.6). Results LGBM achieved the highest accuracy of 98.75% in predicting HCC among all models surpassing Random Forest (96.25%), DNN (91.25%), SVC (88.75%), and KNN (87.50%). Conclusion Our machine-learning model incorporating the expression data of RAB11A/STAT1/ATG12/miR-1262/miR-1298/miR-106b-3p/lncRNA-RP11-513I15.6/lncRNA-WRAP53 signature and clinical data represents a potential novel diagnostic model for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Gouda I. Diab
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Saad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Khaled
- Bioinformatics Group, Center of Informatics Sciences (CIS), School of Information Technology and Computer Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marian Roushdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hind A. ELsawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
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2
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Abdul-Azeez ZM, Mutlag SH. Possible protective anticancer effect of chloroform fraction of Iraqi Hibiscus tiliaceus L. leaves extract on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:167-174. [PMID: 38236421 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the potential protective effects of Iraqi H. tiliaceus L. chloroform leaves extract on DEN-induced HCC in male Wistar Albino rats. METHODS Rats were assigned to four groups, six in each group. Group I: rats were administered a daily oral dose of 1 mL/kg/day of distilled water. Group II: rats were intraperitoneally injected with 70 mg/kg DEN once per week for 10 consecutive weeks. Group III: rats received 250 mg/kg of chloroform leaves extract. Groups IV: the rats were administered 500 mg/kg of chloroform leaves extract, along with their food, for five days per week over 20 weeks, with a subsequent dose of DEN once per week for 10 consecutive weeks. RESULTS The results indicate that the extract demonstrated a significant reduction (p<0.05) in oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediators, and HCC parameters, the extract also had a beneficial effect on liver function tests, and there was a significant elevation (p<0.05) of antioxidant parameters in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the protective properties of the chloroform extract of Iraqi H. tiliaceus L. leaves in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shihab Hattab Mutlag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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3
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Ali FEM, Ibrahim IM, Althagafy HS, Hassanein EHM. Role of immunotherapies and stem cell therapy in the management of liver cancer: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112011. [PMID: 38581991 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) is the sixth most common disease and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The WHO predicts that more than 1 million deaths will occur from LC by 2030. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of primary LC. Today, the management of LC involves multiple disciplines, and multimodal therapy is typically selected on an individual basis, considering the intricate interactions between the patient's overall health, the stage of the tumor, and the degree of underlying liver disease. Currently, the treatment of cancers, including LC, has undergone a paradigm shift in the last ten years because of immuno-oncology. To treat HCC, immune therapy approaches have been developed to enhance or cause the body's natural immune response to specifically target tumor cells. In this context, immune checkpoint pathway inhibitors, engineered cytokines, adoptive cell therapy, immune cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors, and therapeutic cancer vaccines have advanced to clinical trials and offered new hope to cancer patients. The outcomes of these treatments are encouraging. Additionally, treatment using stem cells is a new approach for restoring deteriorated tissues because of their strong differentiation potential and capacity to release cytokines that encourage cell division and the formation of blood vessels. Although there is no proof that stem cell therapy works for many types of cancer, preclinical research on stem cells has shown promise in treating HCC. This review provides a recent update regarding the impact of immunotherapy and stem cells in HCC and promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Michael Sayegh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan.
| | - Islam M Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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4
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Nayan SI, Rahman MH, Hasan MM, Raj SMRH, Almoyad MAA, Liò P, Moni MA. Network based approach to identify interactions between Type 2 diabetes and cancer comorbidities. Life Sci 2023; 335:122244. [PMID: 37949208 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
High blood sugar and insulin insensitivity causes the lifelong chronic metabolic disease called Type 2 diabetes (T2D) which has a higher chance of developing different malignancies. T2D with comorbidities like Cancers can make normal medications for those disorders more difficult. There may be a significant correlation between comorbidities and have an impact on one another's health. These associations may be due to a number of direct and indirect mechanisms. Such molecular mechanisms that underpin T2D and cancer are yet unknown. However, the large volumes of data available on these diseases allowed us to use analytical tools for uncovering their interrelated pathways. Here, we tried to present a system for investigating potential comorbidity relationships between T2D and Cancer disease by looking at the molecular processes involved, analyzing a huge number of freely accessible transcriptomic datasets of various disorders using bioinformatics. Using semantic similarity and gene set enrichment analysis, we created an informatics pipeline that evaluates and integrates Gene Ontology (GO), expression of genes, and biological process data. We discovered genes that are common in T2D and Cancer along with molecular pathways and GOs. We compared the top 200 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) from each selected T2D and cancer dataset and found the most significant common genes. Among all the common genes 13 genes were found most frequent. We also found 4 common GO terms: GO:0000003, GO:0000122, GO:0000165, and GO:0000278 among all the common GO terms between T2d and different cancers. Using these genes and GO term semantic similarity, we calculated the distance between these two diseases. The semantic similarity results of our study showed a higher association of Liver Cancer (LiC), Breast Cancer (BreC), Colorectal Cancer (CC), and Bladder Cancer (BlaC) with T2D. Furthermore we found KIF4A, NUSAP1, CENPF, CCNB1, TOP2A, CCNB2, RRM2, HMMR, NDC80, NCAPG, and IGFBP5 common hub proteins among different cancers correlated to T2D. AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Osteoclast differentiation, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection, and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are the 8 most significant pathways found among 18 common pathways between T2D and selected cancers. As a result of our technique, we now know more about disease pathways that are critical between T2D and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidul Islam Nayan
- Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Global Village, Barisal 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh; Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Research, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Global Village, Barisal 8200, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Khamis Mushyt, King Khalid University, 47 Abha, Mushait, PO Box. 4536, 61412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pietro Liò
- Computer Laboratory, The University of Cambridge, 15 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Stuart University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia.
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5
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Saeed RA, Maqsood M, Saeed RA, Muzammil HS, Khan MI, Asghar L, Nisa SU, Rabail R, Aadil RM. Plant-based foods and hepatocellular carcinoma: A review on mechanistic understanding. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11750-11783. [PMID: 35796706 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of etiology, hepatocarcinogenesis is frequently preceded by a distinctive sequence of chronic necroinflammation, compensatory hepatic regeneration, development of hepatic fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. The liver being central immunomodulators, closely maintains immunotolerance. Any dysregulation in this management of immunotolerance is a hallmark of chronic hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Apart from other malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for 90% of liver cancers. Several emerging evidences have recognized diet as lifestyle associated risk factor in HCC development. However, natural compounds have the potential to fight hepatoma aggressiveness via inhibition of cellular proliferation and modulation of oncogenic pathways. This review aimed to identify the several plant-based foods for their protective role in HCC prevention by understating the molecular mechanisms involved in inhibition of progression and proliferation of cancer. Information from relevant publications in which several plant-based foods demonstrated protective potential against HCC has been integrated as well as evaluated. For data integration, Science direct, Google scholar, and Scopus websites were used. Nutrition-based approaches in the deterrence of several cancers offer a substantial benefit to currently used medical therapies and should be implemented more often as an adjunct to first-line medical therapy. Furthermore, the inclusion of these plant-based foods (vegetables, fruits, herbs, and spices) may improve general health and decline cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raakia Anam Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Maqsood
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Raafia Anam Saeed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Shehzad Muzammil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Asghar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Un Nisa
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Roshina Rabail
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nenu I, Toadere TM, Topor I, Țichindeleanu A, Bondor DA, Trella ȘE, Sparchez Z, Filip GA. Interleukin-6 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Dualistic Point of View. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2623. [PMID: 37892997 PMCID: PMC10603956 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a pressing health concern, demanding a deep understanding of various mediators' roles in its development for therapeutic progress. Notably, interleukin-6 (IL-6) has taken center stage in investigations due to its intricate and context-dependent functions. This review delves into the dual nature of IL-6 in HCC, exploring its seemingly contradictory roles as both a promoter and an inhibitor of disease progression. We dissect the pro-tumorigenic effects of IL-6, including its impact on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Concurrently, we examine its anti-tumorigenic attributes, such as its role in immune response activation, cellular senescence induction, and tumor surveillance. Through a comprehensive exploration of the intricate interactions between IL-6 and the tumor microenvironment, this review highlights the need for a nuanced comprehension of IL-6 signaling in HCC. It underscores the importance of tailored therapeutic strategies that consider the dynamic stages and diverse surroundings within the tumor microenvironment. Future research directions aimed at unraveling the multifaceted mechanisms of IL-6 in HCC hold promise for developing more effective treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Nenu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. Dr. O. Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Maria Toadere
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Topor
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andra Țichindeleanu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Andreea Bondor
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Șerban Ellias Trella
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zeno Sparchez
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. Dr. O. Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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7
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Li K, Wang WH, Wu JB, Xiao WH. β-hydroxybutyrate: A crucial therapeutic target for diverse liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115191. [PMID: 37487440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), the most abundant ketone body, is produced primarily in the liver and acts as a substitute energy fuel to provide energy to extrahepatic tissues in the event of hypoglycemia or glycogen depletion. We now have an improved understanding of β-HB as a signal molecule and epigenetic regulatory factor as a result of intensive research over the last ten years. Because β-HB regulates various physiological and pathological processes, it may have a potential role in the treatment of metabolic diseases. The liver is the most significant metabolic organ, and the part that β-HB plays in liver disorders is receiving increasing attention. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic effects of β-HB on liver diseases and its underlying mechanisms of action. Moreover, we explore the prospects of exogenous supplements and endogenous ketosis including fasting, caloric restriction (CR), ketogenic diet (KD), and exercise as adjuvant nutritional therapies to protect the liver from damage and provide insights and strategies for exploring the treatment of various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wen-Hong Wang
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wu
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei-Hua Xiao
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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8
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Ait-Ahmed Y, Lafdil F. Novel insights into the impact of liver inflammatory responses on primary liver cancer development. LIVER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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9
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Cytokines and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Biomarkers of a Deadly Embrace. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010005. [PMID: 36675666 PMCID: PMC9865677 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a worldwide health matter with a major care burden, high prevalence, and poor prognosis. Its pathogenesis mainly varies depending on the underlying etiological factors, although it develops from liver cirrhosis in the majority of cases. This review summarizes the role of the most interesting soluble factors as biomarkers for early diagnosis and as recommended targets for treatment in accordance with the new challenges in precision medicine. In the premalignant environment, inflammatory cells release a wide range of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, and proangiogenic factors, making the liver environment more suitable for hepatocyte tumor progression that starts from acquired genetic mutations. A complex interaction of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-α and -β), pro-angiogenic molecules (including the Angiopoietins, HGF, PECAM-1, HIF-1α, VEGF), different transcription factors (NF-kB, STAT-3), and their signaling pathways are involved in the development of HCC. Since cytokines are expressed and released during the different stages of HCC progression, their measurement, by different available methods, can provide in-depth information on the identification and management of HCC.
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10
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Ishtiaq SM, Arshad MI, Khan JA. PPARγ signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis: Mechanistic insights for cellular reprogramming and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108298. [PMID: 36243148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortalities globally. The therapeutic approaches for chronic liver diseases-associated liver cancers aimed at modulating immune check-points and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway during multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis that played a dispensable role in immunopathogenesis and outcomes of disease. Herein, the review highlights PPARγ-induced effects in balancing inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and interplay of PPARγ, hepatic stellate cells and fibrogenic niche in cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic crosstalk of hepatocarcinogenesis. PPARγ-mediated effects in pre-malignant microenvironment promote growth arrest, cell senescence and cell clearance in liver cancer pathophysiology. Furthermore, PPARγ-immune cell axis of liver microenvironment exhibits an immunomodulation strategy of resident immune cells of the liver (macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) in concomitance with current clinical guidelines of the European Association for Study of Liver Diseases (EASL) for several liver diseases. Thus, mechanistic insights of PPARγ-associated high value targets and canonical signaling suggest PPARγ as a possible therapeutic target in reprogramming of hepatocarcinogenesis to decrease burden of liver cancers, worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Momna Ishtiaq
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
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11
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Thadathil N, Selvarani R, Mohammed S, Nicklas EH, Tran AL, Kamal M, Luo W, Brown JL, Lawrence MM, Borowik AK, Miller BF, Van Remmen H, Richardson A, Deepa SS. Senolytic treatment reduces cell senescence and necroptosis in Sod1 knockout mice that is associated with reduced inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13676. [PMID: 35869934 PMCID: PMC9381894 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to test the role cellular senescence plays in the increased inflammation, chronic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma seen in mice null for Cu/Zn-Superoxide dismutase (Sod1KO). To inhibit senescence, wildtype (WT) and Sod1KO mice were given the senolytics, dasatinib, and quercetin (D + Q) at 6 months of age when the Sod1KO mice begin exhibiting signs of accelerated aging. Seven months of D + Q treatment reduced the expression of p16 in the livers of Sod1KO mice to WT levels and the expression of several senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors (IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL-1, and GDF-15). D + Q treatment also reduced markers of inflammation in livers of the Sod1KO mice, for example, cytokines, chemokines, macrophage levels, and Kupffer cell clusters. D + Q treatment had no effect on various markers of liver fibrosis in the Sod1KO mice but reduced the expression of genes involved in liver cancer and dramatically reduced the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Surprisingly, D + Q also reduced markers of necroptosis (phosphorylated and oligomerized MLKL) in the Sod1KO mice to WT levels. We also found that inhibiting necroptosis in the Sod1KO mice with necrostatin-1s reduced the markers of cellular senescence (p16, p21, and p53). Our study suggests that an interaction occurs between cellular senescence and necroptosis in the liver of Sod1KO mice. We propose that these two cell fates interact through a positive feedback loop resulting in a cycle amplifying both cellular senescence and necroptosis leading to inflammaging and age-associated pathology in the Sod1KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidheesh Thadathil
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Ramasamy Selvarani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Sabira Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Evan H. Nicklas
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Albert L. Tran
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Maria Kamal
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Jacob L. Brown
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Oklahoma City VA Medical CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Marcus M. Lawrence
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor RecreationSouthern Utah UniversityCedar CityUtahUSA
| | - Agnieszka K. Borowik
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Oklahoma City VA Medical CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Oklahoma City VA Medical CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Oklahoma City VA Medical CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Sathyaseelan S. Deepa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Stephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA,Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
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12
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Extracellular Vesicles from Steatotic Hepatocytes Provoke Pro-Fibrotic Responses in Cultured Stellate Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050698. [PMID: 35625625 PMCID: PMC9138794 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis and chronic hepatocyte damage ultimately lead to liver fibrosis. Key pathophysiological steps are the activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells. We assessed the interplay between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells under normal and steatotic conditions. We hypothesized that hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) modify the phenotype of stellate cells. By high speed centrifugation, EVs were isolated from conditioned media of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 under baseline conditions (C-EVs) or after induction of steatosis by linoleic and oleic acids for 24 h (FA-EVs). Migration of the human stellate cell line TWNT4 and of primary human stellate cells towards the respective EVs and sera of MAFLD patients were investigated using Boyden chambers. Phenotype alterations after incubation with EVs were determined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. HepG2 cells released more EVs after treatment with fatty acids. Chemotactic migration of TWNT4 and primary hepatic stellate cells was increased, specifically towards FA-EVs. Prolonged incubation of TWNT4 cells with FA-EVs induced expression of proliferation markers and a myofibroblast-like phenotype. Though the expression of the collagen type 1 α1 gene did not change after FA-EV treatment, expression of the myofibroblast markers, e.g., α-smooth-muscle-cell actin and TIMP1, was significantly increased. We conclude that EVs from steatotic hepatocytes can influence the behavior, phenotypes and expression levels of remodeling markers of stellate cells and guides their directed migration. These findings imply EVs as operational, intercellular communicators in the pathophysiology of steatosis-associated liver fibrosis and might represent a novel diagnostic parameter and therapeutic target.
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Yang C, Shang K, Lin C, Wang C, Shi X, Wang H, Li H. Processing technologies, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of grape seed oil (GSO): A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mohammed S, Nicklas EH, Thadathil N, Selvarani R, Royce GH, Kinter M, Richardson A, Deepa SS. Role of necroptosis in chronic hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of increased oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:315-328. [PMID: 33429022 PMCID: PMC8845573 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient in the antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Sod1-/- or Sod1KO mice) have increased oxidative stress, show accelerated aging and develop spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with age. Similar to humans, HCC development in Sod1KO mice progresses from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis, which eventually progresses to HCC. Oxidative stress plays a role in NAFLD to NASH progression, and liver inflammation is the main mechanism that drives the disease progression from NASH to fibrosis. Because necroptosis is a major source of inflammation, we tested the hypothesis that increased necroptosis in the liver plays a role in increased inflammation and fibrosis in Sod1KO mice. Phosphorylation of MLKL (P-MLKL), a well-accepted marker of necroptosis, and expression of MLKL protein were significantly increased in the livers of Sod1KO mice compared to wild type (WT) mice indicating increased necroptosis. Similarly, phosphorylation of RIPK3 and RIPK3 protein levels were also significantly increased. Markers of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, NLRP3 inflammasome, and transcript levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, e.g., TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and Ccl2 that are associated with human NASH, were significantly increased. Expression of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins, and markers of fibrosis and oncogenic transcription factor STAT3 were also upregulated and autophagy was downregulated in the livers of Sod1KO mice. Short term treatment of Sod1KO mice with necrostatin-1s (Nec-1s), a necroptosis inhibitor, reversed these conditions. Our data show for the first time that necroptosis-mediated inflammation contributes to fibrosis in a mouse model of increased oxidative stress and accelerated aging, that also exhibits progressive HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Stephenson Cancer Center, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience & Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sathyaseelan S Deepa
- Stephenson Cancer Center, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience & Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA.
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Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Epidemiology, etiology and molecular classification. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 149:1-61. [PMID: 33579421 PMCID: PMC8796122 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the primary malignancy of hepatocytes, is a diagnosis with bleak outcome. According to National Cancer Institute's SEER database, the average five-year survival rate of HCC patients in the US is 19.6% but can be as low as 2.5% for advanced, metastatic disease. When diagnosed at early stages, it is treatable with locoregional treatments including surgical resection, Radio-Frequency Ablation, Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization or liver transplantation. However, HCC is usually diagnosed at advanced stages when the tumor is unresectable, making these treatments ineffective. In such instances, systemic therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) becomes the only viable option, even though it benefits only 30% of patients, provides only a modest (~3months) increase in overall survival and causes drug resistance within 6months. HCC, like many other cancers, is highly heterogeneous making a one-size fits all option problematic. The selection of liver transplantation, locoregional treatment, TKIs or immune checkpoint inhibitors as a treatment strategy depends on the disease stage and underlying condition(s). Additionally, patients with similar disease phenotype can have different molecular etiology making treatment responses different. Stratification of patients at the molecular level would facilitate development of the most effective treatment option. With the increase in efficiency and affordability of "omics"-level analysis, considerable effort has been expended in classifying HCC at the molecular, metabolic and immunologic levels. This review examines the results of these efforts and the ways they can be leveraged to develop targeted treatment options for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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mRNA Post-Transcriptional Regulation by AU-Rich Element-Binding Proteins in Liver Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186648. [PMID: 32932781 PMCID: PMC7554771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AU-rich element-binding proteins (AUBPs) represent important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. AUBPs can bind to the AU-rich elements present in the 3'-UTR of more than 8% of all mRNAs and are thereby able to control the stability and/or translation of numerous target mRNAs. The regulation of the stability and the translation of mRNA transcripts by AUBPs are highly complex processes that occur through multiple mechanisms depending on the cell type and the cellular context. While AUBPs have been shown to be involved in inflammatory processes and the development of various cancers, their important role and function in the development of chronic metabolic and inflammatory fatty liver diseases (FLDs), as well as in the progression of these disorders toward cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has recently started to emerge. Alterations of either the expression or activity of AUBPs are indeed significantly associated with FLDs and HCC, and accumulating evidence indicates that several AUBPs are deeply involved in a significant number of cellular processes governing hepatic metabolic disorders, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Herein, we discuss our current knowledge of the roles and functions of AUBPs in liver diseases and cancer. The relevance of AUBPs as potential biomarkers for different stages of FLD and HCC, or as therapeutic targets for these diseases, are also highlighted.
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Xia H, Chen J, Sekar K, Shi M, Xie T, Hui KM. Clinical and metabolomics analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with diabetes mellitus. Metabolomics 2019; 15:156. [PMID: 31773292 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes and cancer are among the most frequent causes of death worldwide. Recent epidemiological findings have indicated a link between diabetes and cancer in several organs, particularly the liver. A number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes is an established independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the metabolites connecting diabetes and HCC remains less well understood. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to identify clinical and metabolomics differences of HCC from patients with/without diabetes using comprehensive global metabolomics analysis. METHODS Metabolite profiling was conducted with the Metabolon platform for 120 human diabetes/non-diabetes HCC tumor/normal tissues. Standard statistical analyses were performed using the Partek Genomics Suite on log-transformed data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted using all and dysregulated metabolites. RESULTS We identified a group of metabolites that are differentially expressed in the tumor tissues of diabetes HCC compared to non-diabetes HCC patients. Meanwhile, we also identified a group of metabolites that are differentially expressed in the matched normal liver tissues of diabetes HCC compared to non-diabetes HCC patients. Some metabolites are consistently dysregulated in the tumor or matched normal tissues of HCC with or without diabetes. However, some metabolites, including 2-hydroxystearate, were only overexpressed in the tumor tissues of HCC with diabetes and associated with the glucose level. CONCLUSION Metabolic profiling identifies distinct dysregulated metabolites in HCC patients with/without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Xia
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Sir Run Run Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine & Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Karthik Sekar
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kam M Hui
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Sir Run Run Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine & Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Alqahtani A, Khan Z, Alloghbi A, Said Ahmed TS, Ashraf M, Hammouda DM. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E526. [PMID: 31450841 PMCID: PMC6780754 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors worldwide. HCC is a complex process that is associated with several etiological factors, which in turn result in aberrant activation of different cellular and molecular pathways and the disruption of balance between activation and inactivation of protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, respectively. Since HCC most often occurs in the setting of a diseased or cirrhotic liver and most of the patients are diagnosed at the late stage of disease, prognosis is generally poor. At present, limited treatment options with marginal clinical benefits are available. Systemic therapy, particularly in the form of conventional cytotoxic drugs, are generally ineffective. In recent years, molecular-targeted therapies have been clinically used to treat various cancers, including liver cancer. This approach inhibits the growth of tumor cells by interfering with molecules that are involved in carcinogenesis, which makes it more selective and specific than cytotoxic chemotherapy. Many clinical trials have been carried out while using molecular targeted drugs in advanced HCC with many more in progress. The clinical trials in HCC to date have evaluated a single-targeted therapy alone, or two or more targeted therapies in parallel. The aim of this review is to provide insight of various molecular mechanisms, leading to HCC development and progression, and also the range of experimental therapeutics for patients with advanced HCC. The review will summarize different clinical trials data the successes and failures of these treatments, as well as the most effective and approved drugs designed against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Zubair Khan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Health Science Center at Houston, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abdurahman Alloghbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Tamer S Said Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ashraf
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Danae M Hammouda
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Li X, Shen Y, Tang N, Zhu J, Xiao J, Cong R, Zhang H, Wu G, Qi X. Ameliorative Role of
Cabernet Sauvignon
Seed Oil on Hyperlipidemia, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632GuangdongChina
| | - Na Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Junyong Xiao
- Infinite Pole (China) Co., Ltd.Guangzhou 510000China
| | - Renhuai Cong
- Infinite Pole (China) Co., Ltd.Guangzhou 510000China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Xiguang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
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An NF-kappaB- and IKK-Independent Function of NEMO Prevents Hepatocarcinogenesis by Suppressing Compensatory Liver Regeneration. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070999. [PMID: 31319593 PMCID: PMC6678501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The I-κB-Kinase (IKK) complex represents a central signaling nexus in the TNF-dependent activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. However, recent studies suggested that the distinct IKK subunits (IKKα, IKKβ, and NEMO) might withhold additional NF-κB-independent functions in inflammation and cancer. Here, we generated mice lacking all three IKK subunits in liver parenchymal cells (LPC) (IKKα/β/NEMOLPC-KO) and compared their phenotype with mice lacking both catalytic subunits (IKKα/βLPC-KO), allowing to functionally dissect putative I-κB-Kinase-independent functions of the regulatory subunit NEMO. We show that the additional deletion of NEMO rescues IKKα/βLPC-KO mice from lethal cholestasis and biliary ductopenia by triggering LPC apoptosis and inducing a strong compensatory proliferation of LPC including cholangiocytes. Beyond this beneficial effect, we show that increased hepatocyte cell-death and compensatory proliferation inhibit the activation of LPC-necroptosis but trigger spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in IKKα/β/NEMOLPC-KO mice. Collectively, our data show that free NEMO molecules unbound to the catalytic IKK subunits control LPC programmed cell death pathways and proliferation, cholestasis and hepatocarcinogenesis independently of an IKK-related function. These findings support the idea of different functional levels at which NEMO controls inflammation and cancer in the liver.
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Abstract
Cell death represents a basic biological paradigm that governs outcomes and long-term sequelae in almost every hepatic disease condition. Acute liver failure is characterized by massive loss of parenchymal cells but is usually followed by restitution ad integrum. By contrast, cell death in chronic liver diseases often occurs at a lesser extent but leads to long-term alterations in organ architecture and function, contributing to chronic hepatocyte turnover, the recruitment of immune cells and activation of hepatic stellate cells. These chronic cell death responses contribute to the development of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer. It has become evident that, besides apoptosis, necroptosis is a highly relevant form of programmed cell death in the liver. Differential activation of specific forms of programmed cell death might not only affect outcomes in liver diseases but also offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize the underlying molecular mechanisms and open questions about disease-specific activation and roles of programmed cell death forms, their contribution to response signatures and their detection. We focus on the role of apoptosis and necroptosis in acute liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver cancer, and possible translations into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Vucur M, Schneider AT, Gautheron J, Luedde T. The enigma of RIPK1 in the liver: More than just a kinase. Mol Cell Oncol 2017; 4:e1304191. [PMID: 28616581 PMCID: PMC5462506 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2017.1304191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) represents a key molecule in cell death. Here, we discuss our recent data on RIPK1 in liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma development and put these into relation to previous experimental findings to underpin that it exerts opposing kinase-dependent and kinase independent functions in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael Vucur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne T. Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
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