1
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Zoroddu S, Sanna L, Bordoni V, Lyu W, Murineddu G, Pinna GA, Forcales SV, Sala A, Kelvin DJ, Bagella L. RNAseq Analysis of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Chalcogen Analogues Reveals Anti-Tubulin Properties on Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11263. [PMID: 37511023 PMCID: PMC10379353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives are among the most studied anticancer drugs. Previous studies have analyzed the action of different 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives and their effects on cancer cells. This study investigated the characterization of two new compounds named 6 and 14 on HeLa and PC-3 cancer cell lines. Based on the previously obtained IC50, cell cycle effects were monitored by flow cytometry. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes, followed by functional annotation using gene ontology (GO), KEGG signaling pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. The tubulin polymerization assay was used to analyze the interaction of both compounds with tubulin. The results showed that 6 and 14 strongly inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells by arresting them in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Transcriptome analysis showed that exposure of HeLa and PC-3 cells to the compounds caused a marked reprograming of gene expression. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched throughout the cell cycle and cancer-related biological processes. Furthermore, PPI network, hub gene, and CMap analyses revealed that compounds 14 and 6 shared target genes with established microtubule inhibitors, indicating points of similarity between the two molecules and microtubule inhibitors in terms of the mechanism of action. They were also able to influence the polymerization process of tubulin, suggesting the potential of these new compounds to be used as efficient chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zoroddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luca Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Valentina Bordoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Weidong Lyu
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gerard A Pinna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sonia Vanina Forcales
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Health Science Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Sala
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Luigi Bagella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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2
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Logan CM, Menko AS. Microtubules: Evolving roles and critical cellular interactions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1240-1254. [PMID: 31387376 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219867296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are cytoskeletal elements known as drivers of directed cell migration, vesicle and organelle trafficking, and mitosis. In this review, we discuss new research in the lens that has shed light into further roles for stable microtubules in the process of development and morphogenesis. In the lens, as well as other systems, distinct roles for characteristically dynamic microtubules and stabilized populations are coming to light. Understanding the mechanisms of microtubule stabilization and the associated microtubule post-translational modifications is an evolving field of study. Appropriate cellular homeostasis relies on not only one cytoskeletal element, but also rather an interaction between cytoskeletal proteins as well as other cellular regulators. Microtubules are key integrators with actin and intermediate filaments, as well as cell–cell junctional proteins and other cellular regulators including myosin and RhoGTPases to maintain this balance.Impact statementThe role of microtubules in cellular functioning is constantly expanding. In this review, we examine new and exciting fields of discovery for microtubule’s involvement in morphogenesis, highlight our evolving understanding of differential roles for stabilized versus dynamic subpopulations, and further understanding of microtubules as a cellular integrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Logan
- Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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3
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Walters GB, Gustafsson O, Sveinbjornsson G, Eiriksdottir VK, Agustsdottir AB, Jonsdottir GA, Steinberg S, Gunnarsson AF, Magnusson MI, Unnsteinsdottir U, Lee AL, Jonasdottir A, Sigurdsson A, Jonasdottir A, Skuladottir A, Jonsson L, Nawaz MS, Sulem P, Frigge M, Ingason A, Love A, Norddhal GL, Zervas M, Gudbjartsson DF, Ulfarsson MO, Saemundsen E, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. MAP1B mutations cause intellectual disability and extensive white matter deficit. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3456. [PMID: 30150678 PMCID: PMC6110722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of coding variants in genes that confer risk of neurodevelopmental disorders is an important step towards understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders. Whole-genome sequencing of 31,463 Icelanders uncovers a frameshift variant (E712KfsTer10) in microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) that associates with ID/low IQ in a large pedigree (genome-wide corrected P = 0.022). Additional stop-gain variants in MAP1B (E1032Ter and R1664Ter) validate the association with ID and IQ. Carriers have 24% less white matter (WM) volume (β = −2.1SD, P = 5.1 × 10−8), 47% less corpus callosum (CC) volume (β = −2.4SD, P = 5.5 × 10−10) and lower brain-wide fractional anisotropy (P = 6.7 × 10−4). In summary, we show that loss of MAP1B function affects general cognitive ability through a profound, brain-wide WM deficit with likely disordered or compromised axons. Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by an intelligence quotient of below 70 and impaired adaptive skills. Here, analyzing whole genome sequences from 31,463 Icelanders, Walters et al. identify variants in MAP1B associated with ID and extensive brain-wide white matter deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy L Lee
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Lina Jonsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Muhammad S Nawaz
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Mike Frigge
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Askell Love
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Department of Radiology, Landspitali University Hospital, Fossvogur, Reykjavik, 108, Iceland
| | | | - Mark Zervas
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Evald Saemundsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,The State Diagnostic and Counselling Centre, Kopavogur, 200, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
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4
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Girouard MP, Bueno M, Julian V, Drake S, Byrne AB, Fournier AE. The Molecular Interplay between Axon Degeneration and Regeneration. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:978-990. [PMID: 30022605 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurons face a series of morphological and molecular changes following trauma and in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. In neurons capable of mounting a spontaneous regenerative response, including invertebrate neurons and mammalian neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), axons regenerate from the proximal side of the injury and degenerate on the distal side. Studies of Wallerian degeneration slow (WldS /Ola) mice have revealed that a level of coordination between the processes of axon regeneration and degeneration occurs during successful repair. Here, we explore how shared cellular and molecular pathways that regulate both axon regeneration and degeneration coordinate the two distinct outcomes in the proximal and distal axon segments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000-000, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Girouard
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mardja Bueno
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Victoria Julian
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Sienna Drake
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandra B Byrne
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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5
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Ramkumar A, Jong BY, Ori-McKenney KM. ReMAPping the microtubule landscape: How phosphorylation dictates the activities of microtubule-associated proteins. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:138-155. [PMID: 28980356 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were originally identified based on their co-purification with microtubules assembled from mammalian brain lysate. They have since been found to perform a range of functions involved in regulating the dynamics of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Most of these MAPs play integral roles in microtubule organization during neuronal development, microtubule remodeling during neuronal activity, and microtubule stabilization during neuronal maintenance. As a result, mutations in MAPs contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. MAPs are post-translationally regulated by phosphorylation depending on developmental time point and cellular context. Phosphorylation can affect the microtubule affinity, cellular localization, or overall function of a particular MAP and can thus have profound implications for neuronal health. Here we review MAP1, MAP2, MAP4, MAP6, MAP7, MAP9, tau, and DCX, and how each is regulated by phosphorylation in neuronal physiology and disease. Developmental Dynamics 247:138-155, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ramkumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Brigette Y Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA
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6
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WD40-repeat 47, a microtubule-associated protein, is essential for brain development and autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9308-E9317. [PMID: 29078390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713625114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of WD40-repeat (WDR) proteins is one of the largest in eukaryotes, but little is known about their function in brain development. Among 26 WDR genes assessed, we found 7 displaying a major impact in neuronal morphology when inactivated in mice. Remarkably, all seven genes showed corpus callosum defects, including thicker (Atg16l1, Coro1c, Dmxl2, and Herc1), thinner (Kif21b and Wdr89), or absent corpus callosum (Wdr47), revealing a common role for WDR genes in brain connectivity. We focused on the poorly studied WDR47 protein sharing structural homology with LIS1, which causes lissencephaly. In a dosage-dependent manner, mice lacking Wdr47 showed lethality, extensive fiber defects, microcephaly, thinner cortices, and sensory motor gating abnormalities. We showed that WDR47 shares functional characteristics with LIS1 and participates in key microtubule-mediated processes, including neural stem cell proliferation, radial migration, and growth cone dynamics. In absence of WDR47, the exhaustion of late cortical progenitors and the consequent decrease of neurogenesis together with the impaired survival of late-born neurons are likely yielding to the worsening of the microcephaly phenotype postnatally. Interestingly, the WDR47-specific C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) domain was associated with functions in autophagy described in mammals. Silencing WDR47 in hypothalamic GT1-7 neuronal cells and yeast models independently recapitulated these findings, showing conserved mechanisms. Finally, our data identified superior cervical ganglion-10 (SCG10) as an interacting partner of WDR47. Taken together, these results provide a starting point for studying the implications of WDR proteins in neuronal regulation of microtubules and autophagy.
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7
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Ketschek A, Jones S, Spillane M, Korobova F, Svitkina T, Gallo G. Nerve growth factor promotes reorganization of the axonal microtubule array at sites of axon collateral branching. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 75:1441-61. [PMID: 25846486 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The localized debundling of the axonal microtubule array and the entry of microtubules into axonal filopodia are two defining features of collateral branching. We report that nerve growth factor (NGF), a branch-inducing signal, increases the frequency of microtubule debundling along the axon shaft of chicken embryonic sensory neurons. Sites of debundling correlate strongly with the localized targeting of microtubules into filopodia. Platinum replica electron microscopy suggests physical interactions between debundled microtubules and axonal actin filaments. However, as evidenced by depolymerization of actin filaments and inhibition of myosin II, actomyosin force generation does not promote debundling. In contrast, loss of actin filaments or inhibition of myosin II activity promotes debundling, indicating that axonal actomyosin forces suppress debundling. MAP1B is a microtubule associated protein that represses axon branching. Following treatment with NGF, microtubules penetrating filopodia during the early stages of branching exhibited lower levels of associated MAP1B. NGF increased and decreased the levels of MAP1B phosphorylated at a GSK-3β site (pMAP1B) along the axon shaft and within axonal filopodia, respectively. The levels of MAP1B and pMAP1B were not altered at sites of debundling, relative to the rest of the axon. Unlike the previously determined effects of NGF on the axonal actin cytoskeleton, the effects of NGF on microtubule debundling were not affected by inhibition of protein synthesis. Collectively, these data indicate that NGF promotes localized axonal microtubule debundling, that actomyosin forces antagonize microtubule debundling, and that NGF regulates pMAP1B in axonal filopodia during the early stages of collateral branch formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ketschek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Steven Jones
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Mirela Spillane
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Farida Korobova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
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8
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Chauvin S, Sobel A. Neuronal stathmins: A family of phosphoproteins cooperating for neuronal development, plasticity and regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 126:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Villarroel-Campos D, Gonzalez-Billault C. The MAP1B case: an old MAP that is new again. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:953-71. [PMID: 24700609 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The functions of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) have historically been linked to the development of the nervous system, based on its very early expression in neurons and glial cells. Moreover, mice in which MAP1B is genetically inactivated have been used extensively to show its role in axonal elongation, neuronal migration, and axonal guidance. In the last few years, it has become apparent that MAP1B has other cellular and molecular functions that are not related to its microtubule-stabilizing properties in the embryonic and adult brain. In this review, we present a systematic review of the canonical and novel functions of MAP1B and propose that, in addition to regulating the polymerization of microtubule and actin microfilaments, MAP1B also acts as a signaling protein involved in normal physiology and pathological conditions in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarroel-Campos
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics (Cenedyn), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Ryan SD, Bhanot K, Ferrier A, De Repentigny Y, Chu A, Blais A, Kothary R. Microtubule stability, Golgi organization, and transport flux require dystonin-a2-MAP1B interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 196:727-42. [PMID: 22412020 PMCID: PMC3308695 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201107096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Loss of interaction between the dystonin-a2 isoform and the microtubule-associated protein MAP1B induces microtubule instability and trafficking defects that may underlie certain neuropathies. Loss of function of dystonin cytoskeletal linker proteins causes neurodegeneration in dystonia musculorum (dt) mutant mice. Although much investigation has focused on understanding dt pathology, the diverse cellular functions of dystonin isoforms remain poorly characterized. In this paper, we highlight novel functions of the dystonin-a2 isoform in mediating microtubule (MT) stability, Golgi organization, and flux through the secretory pathway. Using dystonin mutant mice combined with isoform-specific loss-of-function analysis, we found dystonin-a2 bound to MT-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) in the centrosomal region, where it maintained MT acetylation. In dt neurons, absence of the MAP1B–dystonin-a2 interaction resulted in altered MAP1B perikaryal localization, leading to MT deacetylation and instability. Deacetylated MT accumulation resulted in Golgi fragmentation and prevented anterograde trafficking via motor proteins. Maintenance of MT acetylation through trichostatin A administration or MAP1B overexpression mitigated the observed defect. These cellular aberrations are apparent in prephenotype dorsal root ganglia and primary sensory neurons from dt mice, suggesting they are causal in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Ryan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
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11
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Cheishvili D, Maayan C, Cohen-Kupiec R, Lefler S, Weil M, Ast G, Razin A. IKAP/Elp1 involvement in cytoskeleton regulation and implication for familial dysautonomia. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:1585-94. [PMID: 21273291 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in the IKAP/Elp1 protein leads to the recessive sensory autosomal congenital neuropathy which is called familial dysautonomia (FD). This protein was originally identified as a role player in transcriptional elongation being a subunit of the RNAPII transcriptional Elongator multi-protein complex. Subsequently, IKAP/Elp1 was shown to play various functions in the cytoplasm. Here, we describe experiments performed with IKAP/Elp1 downregulated cell lines and FD-derived cells and tissues. Immunostaining of the cytoskeleton component α-tubulin in IKAP/Elp1 downregulated cells revealed disorganization of the microtubules (MTs) that was reflected in aberrant cell shape and process formation. In contrast to a recent report on the decrease in α-tubulin acetylation in IKAP/Elp1 downregulated cells, we were unable to observe any effect of IKAP/Elp1 deficiency on α-tubulin acetylation in the FD cerebrum and in a variety of IKAP/Elp1 downregulated cell lines. To explore possible candidates involved in the observed aberrations in MTs, we focused on superior cervical ganglion-10 protein (SCG10), also called STMN2, which is known to be an MT destabilizing protein. We have found that SCG10 is upregulated in the IKAP/Elp1-deficient FD cerebrum, FD fibroblasts and in IKAP/Elp1 downregulated neuroblastoma cell line. To better understand the effect of IKAP/Elp1 deficiency on SCG10 expression, we investigated the possible involvement of RE-1-silencing transcription factor (REST), a known repressor of the SCG10 gene. Indeed, REST was downregulated in the IKAP/Elp1-deficient FD cerebrum and IKAP/Elp1 downregulated neuroblastoma cell line. These results could shed light on a possible link between IKAP/Elp1 deficiency and cytoskeleton destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cheishvili
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Lee J, Jeong Y, Jeong S, Rhee K. Centrobin/NIP2 is a microtubule stabilizer whose activity is enhanced by PLK1 phosphorylation during mitosis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25476-84. [PMID: 20511645 PMCID: PMC2919111 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.099127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrobin/NIP2 is a centrosomal protein that is required for centrosome duplication. It is also critical for microtubule organization in both interphase and mitotic cells. In the present study, we observed that centrobin is phosphorylated in a cell cycle stage-specific manner, reaching its maximum at M phase. PLK1 is a kinase that is responsible for M phase-specific phosphorylation of centrobin. The microtubule forming activity of centrobin was enhanced by PLK1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, mitotic spindles were not assembled properly with the phospho-resistant mutant of centrobin. Based on these results, we propose that centrobin functions as a microtubule stabilizing factor and PLK1 enhances centrobin activity for proper spindle formation during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Yeontae Jeong
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Saimi Jeong
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Kunsoo Rhee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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13
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Alves MM, Burzynski G, Delalande JM, Osinga J, van der Goot A, Dolga AM, de Graaff E, Brooks AS, Metzger M, Eisel ULM, Shepherd I, Eggen BJL, Hofstra RMW. KBP interacts with SCG10, linking Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome to microtubule dynamics and neuronal differentiation. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3642-51. [PMID: 20621975 PMCID: PMC7297230 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Goldberg–Shprintzen syndrome (GOSHS) is a rare clinical disorder characterized by central and enteric nervous system defects. This syndrome is caused by inactivating mutations in the
Kinesin Binding Protein (KBP)
gene, which encodes a protein of which the precise function is largely unclear. We show that
KBP
expression is up-regulated during neuronal development in mouse cortical neurons. Moreover, KBP-depleted PC12 cells were defective in nerve growth factor-induced differentiation and neurite outgrowth, suggesting that KBP is required for cell differentiation and neurite development. To identify KBP interacting proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and found that KBP binds almost exclusively to microtubule associated or related proteins, specifically SCG10 and several kinesins. We confirmed these results by validating KBP interaction with one of these proteins: SCG10, a microtubule destabilizing protein. Zebrafish studies further demonstrated an epistatic interaction between KBP and SCG10
in vivo
. To investigate the possibility of direct interaction between KBP and microtubules, we undertook co-localization and
in vitro
binding assays, but found no evidence of direct binding. Thus, our data indicate that KBP is involved in neuronal differentiation and that the central and enteric nervous system defects seen in GOSHS are likely caused by microtubule-related defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Alves
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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A chemical screen identifies novel compounds that overcome glial-mediated inhibition of neuronal regeneration. J Neurosci 2010; 30:4693-706. [PMID: 20357120 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0302-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major barrier to regeneration of CNS axons is the presence of growth-inhibitory proteins associated with myelin and the glial scar. To identify chemical compounds with the ability to overcome the inhibition of regeneration, we screened a novel triazine library, based on the ability of compounds to increase neurite outgrowth from cerebellar neurons on inhibitory myelin substrates. The screen produced four "hit compounds," which act with nanomolar potency on several different neuronal types and on several distinct substrates relevant to glial inhibition. Moreover, the compounds selectively overcome inhibition rather than promote growth in general. The compounds do not affect neuronal cAMP levels, PKC activity, or EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) activation. Interestingly, one of the compounds alters microtubule dynamics and increases microtubule density in both fibroblasts and neurons. This same compound promotes regeneration of dorsal column axons after acute lesions and potentiates regeneration of optic nerve axons after nerve crush in vivo. These compounds should provide insight into the mechanisms through which glial-derived inhibitors of regeneration act, and could lead to the development of novel therapies for CNS injury.
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15
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Cartwright MJ, Schlauch K, Lenburg ME, Tchkonia T, Pirtskhalava T, Cartwright A, Thomou T, Kirkland JL. Aging, depot origin, and preadipocyte gene expression. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:242-51. [PMID: 20106964 PMCID: PMC2904595 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat distribution changes with aging. Inherent changes in fat cell progenitors may
contribute because fat cells turn over throughout life. To define mechanisms, gene
expression was profiled in preadipocytes cultured from epididymal and perirenal depots of
young and old rats. 8.4% of probe sets differed significantly between depots, particularly
developmental genes. Only 0.02% differed with aging, despite using less stringent criteria
than for comparing depots. Twenty-five genes selected based on fold change with aging were
analyzed in preadipocytes from additional young, middle-aged, and old animals by
polymerase chain reaction. Thirteen changed significantly with aging, 13 among depots, and
9 with both. Genes involved in inflammation, stress, and differentiation changed with
aging, as occurs in fat tissue. Age-related changes were greater in perirenal than
epididymal preadipocytes, consistent with larger declines in replication and adipogenesis
in perirenal preadipocytes. Thus, age-related changes in preadipocyte gene expression
differ among depots, potentially contributing to fat redistribution and dysfunction.
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16
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Higuero AM, Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Doglio LE, Portillo F, Abad-Rodríguez J, Dotti CG, Iglesias T. Kidins220/ARMS modulates the activity of microtubule-regulating proteins and controls neuronal polarity and development. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:1343-57. [PMID: 19903810 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.024703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In order for neurons to perform their function, they must establish a highly polarized morphology characterized, in most of the cases, by a single axon and multiple dendrites. Herein we find that the evolutionarily conserved protein Kidins220 (kinase D-interacting substrate of 220-kDa), also known as ARMS (ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning), a downstream effector of protein kinase D and neurotrophin and ephrin receptors, regulates the establishment of neuronal polarity and development of dendrites. Kidins220/ARMS gain and loss of function experiments render severe phenotypic changes in the processes extended by hippocampal neurons in culture. Although Kidins220/ARMS early overexpression hinders neuronal development, its down-regulation by RNA interference results in the appearance of multiple longer axon-like extensions as well as aberrant dendritic arbors. We also find that Kidins220/ARMS interacts with tubulin and microtubule-regulating molecules whose role in neuronal morphogenesis is well established (microtubule-associated proteins 1b, 1a, and 2 and two members of the stathmin family). Importantly, neurons where Kidins220/ARMS has been knocked down register changes in the phosphorylation activity of MAP1b and stathmins. Altogether, our results indicate that Kidins220/ARMS is a key modulator of the activity of microtubule-regulating proteins known to actively regulate neuronal morphogenesis and suggest a mechanism by which it contributes to control neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso M Higuero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Madrid Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain
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17
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Belichenko PV, Wright EE, Belichenko NP, Masliah E, Li HH, Mobley WC, Francke U. Widespread changes in dendritic and axonal morphology in Mecp2-mutant mouse models of Rett syndrome: evidence for disruption of neuronal networks. J Comp Neurol 2009; 514:240-58. [PMID: 19296534 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2. Girls with RTT show dramatic changes in brain function, but relatively few studies have explored the structure of neural circuits. Examining two mouse models of RTT (Mecp2B and Mecp2J), we previously documented changes in brain anatomy. Herein, we use confocal microscopy to study the effects of MeCP2 deficiency on the morphology of dendrites and axons in the fascia dentata (FD), CA1 area of hippocampus, and motor cortex following Lucifer yellow microinjection or carbocyanine dye tracing. At 3 weeks of age, most (33 of 41) morphological parameters were significantly altered in Mecp2B mice; fewer (23 of 39) were abnormal in Mecp2J mice. There were striking changes in the density and size of the dendritic spines and density and orientation of axons. In Mecp2B mice, dendritic spine density was decreased in the FD (approximately 11%), CA1 (14-22%), and motor cortex (approximately 16%). A decreased spine head size (approximately 9%) and an increased spine neck length (approximately 12%) were found in Mecp2B FD. In addition, axons in the motor cortex were disorganized. In Mecp2J mice, spine density was significantly decreased in CA1 (14-26%). In both models, dendritic swelling and elongated spine necks were seen in all areas studied. Marked variation in the type and extent of changes was noted in dendrites of adjacent neurons. Electron microscopy confirmed abnormalities in dendrites and axons and showed abnormal mitochondria. Our findings document widespread abnormalities of dendrites and axons that recapitulate those seen in RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Belichenko
- Neuroscience Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5489, USA.
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18
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Fiumelli H, Riederer IM, Martin JL, Riederer BM. Phosphorylation of neurofilament subunit NF-M is regulated by activation of NMDA receptors and modulates cytoskeleton stability and neuronal shape. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:495-504. [PMID: 18412220 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is essential for the structural organization of neurons and is influenced during development by excitatory stimuli such as activation of glutamate receptors. In particular, NMDA receptors are known to modulate the function of several cytoskeletal proteins and to influence cell morphology, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we characterized the neurofilament subunit NF-M in cultures of developing mouse cortical neurons chronically exposed to NMDA receptor antagonists. Western blots analysis showed that treatment of cortical neurons with MK801 or AP5 shifted the size of NF-M towards higher molecular weights. Dephosphorylation assay revealed that this increased size of NF-M observed after chronic exposure to NMDA receptor antagonists was due to phosphorylation. Neurons treated with cyclosporin, an inhibitor of the Ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, also showed increased levels of phosphorylated NF-M. Moreover, analysis of neurofilament stability revealed that the phosphorylation of NF-M, resulting from NMDA receptor inhibition, enhanced the solubility of NF-M. Finally, cortical neurons cultured in the presence of the NMDA receptor antagonists MK801 and AP5 grew longer neurites. Together, these data indicate that a blockade of NMDA receptors during development of cortical neurons increases the phosphorylation state and the solubility of NF-M, thereby favoring neurite outgrowth. This also underlines that dynamics of the neurofilament and microtubule cytoskeleton is fundamental for growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fiumelli
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Lee SY, Kim JW, Jeong MH, An JH, Jang SM, Song KH, Choi KH. Microtubule-associated Protein 1B Light Chain (MAP1B-LC1) negatively regulates the activity of tumor suppressor p53 in neuroblastoma cells. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:2826-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Kim J, Lee S, Jeong M, Jang S, Song K, Kim C, Kim Y, Choi K. Interaction of microtubule‐associated protein 1B light chain (MAP1B‐LC1) and p53 represses transcriptional activity of p53. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2008.9647157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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21
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Riederer IM, Riederer BM. Differential protein labeling with thiol-reactive infrared DY-680 and DY-780 maleimides and analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 2007; 7:1753-6. [PMID: 17464939 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200601007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Differential protein labeling with 2-DE separation is an effective method for distinguishing differences in the protein composition of two or more protein samples. Here, we report on a sensitive infrared-based labeling procedure, adding a novel tool to the many labeling possibilities. Defined amounts of newborn and adult mouse brain proteins and tubulin were exposed to maleimide-conjugated infrared dyes DY-680 and DY-780 followed by 1- and 2-DE. The procedure allows amounts of less than 5 microg of cysteine-labeled protein mixtures to be detected (together with unlabeled proteins) in a single 2-DE step with an LOD of individual proteins in the femtogram range; however, co-migration of unlabeled proteins and subsequent general protein stains are necessary for a precise comparison. Nevertheless, the most abundant thiol-labeled proteins, such as tubulin, were identified by MS, with cysteine-containing peptides influencing the accuracy of the identification score. Unfortunately, some infrared-labeled proteins were no longer detectable by Western blots. In conclusion, differential thiol labeling with infrared dyes provides an additional tool for detection of low-abundant cysteine-containing proteins and for rapid identification of differences in the protein composition of two sets of protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène M Riederer
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Hôpital Psychiatrique, Prilly, Switzerland.
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22
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Cueille N, Blanc CT, Riederer IM, Riederer BM. Microtubule-associated protein 1B binds glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:2640-7. [PMID: 17521179 DOI: 10.1021/pr070081z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1B, MAP1B, is a major cytoskeletal protein during brain development and one of the largest brain MAPs associated with microtubules and microfilaments. Here, we identified several proteins that bind to MAP1B via immunoprecipitation with a MAP1B-specific antibody, by one and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequent mass spectrometry identification of precipitated proteins. In addition to tubulin and actin, a variety of proteins were identified. Among these proteins were glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), heat shock protein 8, dihydropyrimidinase related proteins 2 and 3, protein-L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase, beta-spectrin, and clathrin protein MKIAA0034, linking either directly or indirectly to MAP1B. In particular, GAPDH, a key glycolytic enzyme, was bound in large quantity to the heavy chain of MAP1B in adult brain tissue. In vitro binding studies confirmed a direct binding of GAPDH to MAP1B. In PC12 cells, GAPDH was found in cytoplasm and nuclei and partially co-localized with MAP1B. It disappeared from the cytoplasm under oxidative stress or after a disruption of cytoskeletal elements after colcemid or cytochalasin exposure. GAPDH may be essential in the local energy provision of cytoskeletal structures and MAP1B may help to keep this key enzyme close to the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cueille
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de Morphologie (DBCM), Université de Lausanne, 9 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Suisse
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Cueille N, Blanc CT, Popa-Nita S, Kasas S, Catsicas S, Dietler G, Riederer BM. Characterization of MAP1B heavy chain interaction with actin. Brain Res Bull 2007; 71:610-8. [PMID: 17292804 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1B is an essential protein during brain development and neurite outgrowth and was studied by several assays to further characterize actin as a major interacting partner. Tubulin and actin co-immunoprecipitated with MAP1B at similar ratios throughout development. Their identity was identified by mass spectrometry and was confirmed by Western blots. In contrast to previous reports, the MAP1B-actin interaction was not dependent on the MAP1B phosphorylation state, since actin was precipitated from brain tissue throughout development at similar ratios and equal amounts were precipitated before and after dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase. MAP1B heavy chain was able to bind actin directly and therefore the N-terminal part of MAP1B heavy chain must also contain an actin-binding site. The binding force of this interaction was measured by atomic force microscopy and values were in the same range as those of MAP1B binding to tubulin or that measured in MAP1B self-aggregation. Aggregation was confirmed by negative staining and electron microscopy. Experiments including COS-7 cells, PC12 cells, cytochalasin D and immunocytochemistry with subsequent confocal laser microscopy, suggested that MAP1B may bind to actin but has no obvious microfilament stabilizing effect. We conclude, that the MAP1B heavy chain has a microtubule-stabilization effect, and contains an actin-binding site that may play a role in the crosslinking of actin and microtubules, a function that may be important in neurite elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cueille
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de Morphologie, Université de Lausanne, 9 rue du bugnon, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Riederer BM. Microtubule-associated protein 1B, a growth-associated and phosphorylated scaffold protein. Brain Res Bull 2006; 71:541-58. [PMID: 17292797 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1B, MAP1B, is one of the major growth associated and cytoskeletal proteins in neuronal and glial cells. It is present as a full length protein or may be fragmented into a heavy chain and a light chain. It is essential to stabilize microtubules during the elongation of dendrites and neurites and is involved in the dynamics of morphological structures such as microtubules, microfilaments and growth cones. MAP1B function is modulated by phosphorylation and influences microtubule stability, microfilaments and growth cone motility. Considering its large size, several interactions with a variety of other proteins have been reported and there is increasing evidence that MAP1B plays a crucial role in the stability of the cytoskeleton and may have other cellular functions. Here we review molecular and functional aspects of this protein, evoke its role as a scaffold protein and have a look at several pathologies where the protein may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat M Riederer
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de Morphologi), Université de Lausanne, 9 rue du Bugnon, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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