1
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Skuladottir AT, Stefansdottir L, Halldorsson GH, Stefansson OA, Bjornsdottir A, Jonsson P, Palmadottir V, Thorgeirsson TE, Walters GB, Gisladottir RS, Bjornsdottir G, Jonsdottir GA, Sulem P, Gudbjartsson DF, Knowlton KU, Jones DA, Ottas A, Pedersen OB, Didriksen M, Brunak S, Banasik K, Hansen TF, Erikstrup C, Haavik J, Andreassen OA, Rye D, Igland J, Ostrowski SR, Milani LA, Nadauld LD, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. GWAS meta-analysis reveals key risk loci in essential tremor pathogenesis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:504. [PMID: 38671141 PMCID: PMC11053069 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a prevalent neurological disorder with a largely unknown underlying biology. In this genome-wide association study meta-analysis, comprising 16,480 ET cases and 1,936,173 controls from seven datasets, we identify 12 sequence variants at 11 loci. Evaluating mRNA expression, splicing, plasma protein levels, and coding effects, we highlight seven putative causal genes at these loci, including CA3 and CPLX1. CA3 encodes Carbonic Anhydrase III and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been shown to decrease tremors. CPLX1, encoding Complexin-1, regulates neurotransmitter release. Through gene-set enrichment analysis, we identify a significant association with specific cell types, including dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons, as well as biological processes like Rho GTPase signaling. Genetic correlation analyses reveals a positive association between ET and Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety-related phenotypes. This research uncovers risk loci, enhancing our knowledge of the complex genetics of this common but poorly understood disorder, and highlights CA3 and CPLX1 as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astros Th Skuladottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Palmi Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vala Palmadottir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Rosa S Gisladottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kirk U Knowlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - David A Jones
- Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, Utah, UK
| | - Aigar Ottas
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Righospitale, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Righospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Rye
- Emory Department of Neurology, Wesley Woods Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health and Caring sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Righospitale, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lili A Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lincoln D Nadauld
- Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, Utah, UK
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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2
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Gisladottir RS, Helgason A, Halldorsson BV, Helgason H, Borsky M, Chien YR, Gudnason J, Gudjonsson SA, Moisik S, Dediu D, Thorleifsson G, Tragante V, Bustamante M, Jonsdottir GA, Stefansdottir L, Rutsdottir G, Magnusson SH, Hardarson M, Ferkingstad E, Halldorsson GH, Rognvaldsson S, Skuladottir A, Ivarsdottir EV, Norddahl G, Thorgeirsson G, Jonsdottir I, Ulfarsson MO, Holm H, Stefansson H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Sequence variants affecting voice pitch in humans. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eabq2969. [PMID: 37294764 PMCID: PMC10256171 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis of the human vocal system is largely unknown, as are the sequence variants that give rise to individual differences in voice and speech. Here, we couple data on diversity in the sequence of the genome with voice and vowel acoustics in speech recordings from 12,901 Icelanders. We show how voice pitch and vowel acoustics vary across the life span and correlate with anthropometric, physiological, and cognitive traits. We found that voice pitch and vowel acoustics have a heritable component and discovered correlated common variants in ABCC9 that associate with voice pitch. The ABCC9 variants also associate with adrenal gene expression and cardiovascular traits. By showing that voice and vowel acoustics are influenced by genetics, we have taken important steps toward understanding the genetics and evolution of the human vocal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa S. Gisladottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 2, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 10, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V. Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michal Borsky
- Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yu-Ren Chien
- Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon Gudnason
- Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Scott Moisik
- Division of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Dan Dediu
- Department of Catalan Philology and General Linguistics, University of Barcelona, Gran Via 585, Barcelona 08007, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute for Complex Systems (UBICS), Martí Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Egil Ferkingstad
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli H. Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus O. Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F. Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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3
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Nawaz MS, Einarsson G, Bustamante M, Gisladottir RS, Walters GB, Jonsdottir GA, Skuladottir AT, Bjornsdottir G, Magnusson SH, Asbjornsdottir B, Unnsteinsdottir U, Sigurdsson E, Jonsson PV, Palmadottir VK, Gudjonsson SA, Halldorsson GH, Ferkingstad E, Jonsdottir I, Thorleifsson G, Holm H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson H, Thorgeirsson TE, Ulfarsson MO, Stefansson K. Thirty novel sequence variants impacting human intracranial volume. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac271. [PMID: 36415660 PMCID: PMC9677475 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial volume, measured through magnetic resonance imaging and/or estimated from head circumference, is heritable and correlates with cognitive traits and several neurological disorders. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of intracranial volume (n = 79 174) and found 64 associating sequence variants explaining 5.0% of its variance. We used coding variation, transcript and protein levels, to uncover 12 genes likely mediating the effect of these variants, including GLI3 and CDK6 that affect cranial synostosis and microcephaly, respectively. Intracranial volume correlates genetically with volumes of cortical and sub-cortical regions, cognition, learning, neonatal and neurological traits. Parkinson's disease cases have greater and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases smaller intracranial volume than controls. Our Mendelian randomization studies indicate that intracranial volume associated variants either increase the risk of Parkinson's disease and decrease the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and neuroticism or correlate closely with a confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sulaman Nawaz
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Rosa S Gisladottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Humanities, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 2, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Engilbert Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali-National University Hospital, Hringbraut 101, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Palmi V Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Hringbraut 101, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vala Kolbrun Palmadottir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Hringbraut 101, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Gisli H Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Taeknigardur, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Egil Ferkingstad
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Taeknigardur, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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4
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Jonsdottir GA, Einarsson G, Thorleifsson G, Magnusson SH, Gunnarsson AF, Frigge ML, Gisladottir RS, Unnsteinsdottir U, Gunnarsson B, Walters GB, Steinthorsdottir V, Helgadottir A, Jonsdottir I, Gislason T, Thorsteinsson HS, Sigurdsson E, Haraldsson M, Sigurdsson EL, Bjarnason R, Olafsson I, Thorgeirsson G, Sulem P, Holm H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Bjornsdottir G, Thorgeirsson TE, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. Genetic propensities for verbal and spatial ability have opposite effects on body mass index and risk of schizophrenia. Intelligence 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Sønderby IE, Gústafsson Ó, Doan NT, Hibar DP, Martin-Brevet S, Abdellaoui A, Ames D, Amunts K, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Blackburn N, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Bralten J, Brattbak HR, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Bülow R, Calhoun V, Caspers S, Cavalleri G, Chen CH, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Dale AM, Dalvie S, Dazzan P, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Delanty N, den Braber A, Desrivières S, Donohoe G, Draganski B, Ehrlich S, Espeseth T, Fisher SE, Franke B, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gareau T, Glahn DC, Grabe H, Groenewold NA, Haavik J, Håberg A, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Heinz A, Hillegers MHJ, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff HE, Ikeda M, Jahanshad N, Jernigan T, Jockwitz C, Johansson S, Jonsdottir GA, Jönsson EG, Kahn R, Kaufmann T, Kelly S, Kikuchi M, Knowles EEM, Kolskår KK, Kwok JB, Hellard SL, Leu C, Liu J, Lundervold AJ, Lundervold A, Martin NG, Mather K, Mathias SR, McCormack M, McMahon KL, McRae A, Milaneschi Y, Moreau C, Morris D, Mothersill D, Mühleisen TW, Murray R, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff R, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx B, Peralta JM, Pike B, Prieto C, Pudas S, Quinlan E, Quintana DS, Reinbold CS, Marques TR, Reymond A, Richard G, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Roiz-Santiañez R, Rokicki J, Rucker J, Sachdev P, Sanders AM, Sando SB, Schmaal L, Schofield PR, Schork AJ, Schumann G, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Sisodiya S, Steen VM, Stein DJ, Steinberg S, Strike L, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Turner J, Ueland T, Uhlmann A, Ulfarsson MO, van 't Ent D, van der Meer D, van Haren NEM, Vaskinn A, Vassos E, Walters GB, Wang Y, Wen W, Whelan CD, Wittfeld K, Wright M, Yamamori H, Zayats T, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Jacquemont S, Djurovic S, Stefánsson H, Stefánsson K, Thompson P, Andreassen OA. Dose response of the 16p11.2 distal copy number variant on intracranial volume and basal ganglia. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:584-602. [PMID: 30283035 PMCID: PMC7042770 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carriers of large recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) have a higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. The 16p11.2 distal CNV predisposes carriers to e.g., autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We compared subcortical brain volumes of 12 16p11.2 distal deletion and 12 duplication carriers to 6882 non-carriers from the large-scale brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging collaboration, ENIGMA-CNV. After stringent CNV calling procedures, and standardized FreeSurfer image analysis, we found negative dose-response associations with copy number on intracranial volume and on regional caudate, pallidum and putamen volumes (β = -0.71 to -1.37; P < 0.0005). In an independent sample, consistent results were obtained, with significant effects in the pallidum (β = -0.95, P = 0.0042). The two data sets combined showed significant negative dose-response for the accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen and ICV (P = 0.0032, 8.9 × 10-6, 1.7 × 10-9, 3.5 × 10-12 and 1.0 × 10-4, respectively). Full scale IQ was lower in both deletion and duplication carriers compared to non-carriers. This is the first brain MRI study of the impact of the 16p11.2 distal CNV, and we demonstrate a specific effect on subcortical brain structures, suggesting a neuropathological pattern underlying the neurodevelopmental syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
- Janssen Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Bernard
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nicholas Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Richard Brattbak
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vince Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, Mexico
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cavalleri
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Strasse 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Psychosis Studies, Insitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespingy Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University medical center, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, NH, Netherlands
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norman Delanty
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Thomas Gareau
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David C Glahn
- Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Suite 6E, 6511, New Haven, Vaud, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 300 George Street, 6106, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Hans Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, Charite, Humboldt University, Chariteplatz 1, 10017, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Child and adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Erasmus medical center-Sophia's Childerens hospitaal, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 8, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Terry Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:00, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinead Kelly
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 40 Temple Street, 6515, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Costin Leu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd., 87106, Albuquerque, CT, USA
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, 87131, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 40 Temple Street, 6515, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark McCormack
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan McRae
- Program in Complex Trait Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Moreau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Derek Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - David Mothersill
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Strasse 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin Murray
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan E Nordvik
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Roel Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Center for Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Pike
- Departments of Radiology & Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Pudas
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Linnéus väg 9, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erin Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Social, Genetic and Development Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Daniel S Quintana
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatry Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve Richard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Jarek Rokicki
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - James Rucker
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Edvard Griegs gate 8, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, 3502, Parkville, New Mexico, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, 3502, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, London, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Rd, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Lachlan Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbu Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities. Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, TBH Francie van Zijl Avenue, 7500, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, 1 South Prospect Street, 5401, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margie Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 424, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Walters GB, Gustafsson O, Sveinbjornsson G, Eiriksdottir VK, Agustsdottir AB, Jonsdottir GA, Steinberg S, Gunnarsson AF, Magnusson MI, Unnsteinsdottir U, Lee AL, Jonasdottir A, Sigurdsson A, Jonasdottir A, Skuladottir A, Jonsson L, Nawaz MS, Sulem P, Frigge M, Ingason A, Love A, Norddhal GL, Zervas M, Gudbjartsson DF, Ulfarsson MO, Saemundsen E, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. MAP1B mutations cause intellectual disability and extensive white matter deficit. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3456. [PMID: 30150678 PMCID: PMC6110722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of coding variants in genes that confer risk of neurodevelopmental disorders is an important step towards understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders. Whole-genome sequencing of 31,463 Icelanders uncovers a frameshift variant (E712KfsTer10) in microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) that associates with ID/low IQ in a large pedigree (genome-wide corrected P = 0.022). Additional stop-gain variants in MAP1B (E1032Ter and R1664Ter) validate the association with ID and IQ. Carriers have 24% less white matter (WM) volume (β = −2.1SD, P = 5.1 × 10−8), 47% less corpus callosum (CC) volume (β = −2.4SD, P = 5.5 × 10−10) and lower brain-wide fractional anisotropy (P = 6.7 × 10−4). In summary, we show that loss of MAP1B function affects general cognitive ability through a profound, brain-wide WM deficit with likely disordered or compromised axons. Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by an intelligence quotient of below 70 and impaired adaptive skills. Here, analyzing whole genome sequences from 31,463 Icelanders, Walters et al. identify variants in MAP1B associated with ID and extensive brain-wide white matter deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy L Lee
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Lina Jonsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Muhammad S Nawaz
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Mike Frigge
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Askell Love
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Department of Radiology, Landspitali University Hospital, Fossvogur, Reykjavik, 108, Iceland
| | | | - Mark Zervas
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Evald Saemundsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,The State Diagnostic and Counselling Centre, Kopavogur, 200, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
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7
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Steinberg S, Gudmundsdottir S, Sveinbjornsson G, Suvisaari J, Paunio T, Torniainen-Holm M, Frigge ML, Jonsdottir GA, Huttenlocher J, Arnarsdottir S, Ingimarsson O, Haraldsson M, Tyrfingsson T, Thorgeirsson TE, Kong A, Norddahl GL, Gudbjartsson DF, Sigurdsson E, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. Truncating mutations in RBM12 are associated with psychosis. Nat Genet 2017. [PMID: 28628109 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thus far, a handful of highly penetrant mutations conferring risk of psychosis have been discovered. Here we used whole-genome sequencing and long-range phasing to investigate an Icelandic kindred containing ten individuals with psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or psychotic bipolar disorder). We found that all affected individuals carry RBM12 (RNA-binding-motif protein 12) c.2377G>T (P = 2.2 × 10-4), a nonsense mutation that results in the production of a truncated protein lacking a predicted RNA-recognition motif. We replicated the association in a Finnish family in which a second RBM12 truncating mutation (c.2532delT) segregates with psychosis (P = 0.020). c.2377G>T is not fully penetrant for psychosis; however, we found that carriers unaffected by psychosis resemble patients with schizophrenia in their non-psychotic psychiatric disorder and neuropsychological test profile (P = 0.0043) as well as in their life outcomes (including an increased chance of receiving disability benefits, P = 0.011). As RBM12 has not previously been linked to psychosis, this work provides new insight into psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaana Suvisaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Johanna Huttenlocher
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sunna Arnarsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Oddur Ingimarsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Haraldsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Engilbert Sigurdsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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8
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Ulfarsson MO, Walters GB, Gustafsson O, Steinberg S, Silva A, Doyle OM, Brammer M, Gudbjartsson DF, Arnarsdottir S, Jonsdottir GA, Gisladottir RS, Bjornsdottir G, Helgason H, Ellingsen LM, Halldorsson JG, Saemundsen E, Stefansdottir B, Jonsson L, Eiriksdottir VK, Eiriksdottir GR, Johannesdottir GH, Unnsteinsdottir U, Jonsdottir B, Magnusdottir BB, Sulem P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sigurdsson E, Brandeis D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. 15q11.2 CNV affects cognitive, structural and functional correlates of dyslexia and dyscalculia. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1109. [PMID: 28440815 PMCID: PMC5416713 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several copy number variants have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and these variants have been shown to also influence cognitive abilities in carriers unaffected by psychiatric disorders. Previously, we associated the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion with specific learning disabilities and a larger corpus callosum. Here we investigate, in a much larger sample, the effect of the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion on cognitive, structural and functional correlates of dyslexia and dyscalculia. We report that the deletion confers greatest risk of the combined phenotype of dyslexia and dyscalculia. We also show that the deletion associates with a smaller left fusiform gyrus. Moreover, tailored functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments using phonological lexical decision and multiplication verification tasks demonstrate altered activation in the left fusiform and the left angular gyri in carriers. Thus, by using convergent evidence from neuropsychological testing, and structural and functional neuroimaging, we show that the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion affects cognitive, structural and functional correlates of both dyslexia and dyscalculia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. E-mail: or
| | | | | | | | - A Silva
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Research Center, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - O M Doyle
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - M Brammer
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - D F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Arnarsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland,Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - H Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - L M Ellingsen
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J G Halldorsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - E Saemundsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,The State Diagnosis and Counselling Center, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | | | - L Jonsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - B B Magnusdottir
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland,School of Business, University of Reykjavik, Reykavik, Iceland
| | - P Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - U Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - E Sigurdsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - D Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - K Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. E-mail: or
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9
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Stefansson H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Steinberg S, Magnusdottir B, Morgen K, Arnarsdottir S, Bjornsdottir G, Walters GB, Jonsdottir GA, Doyle OM, Tost H, Grimm O, Kristjansdottir S, Snorrason H, Davidsdottir SR, Gudmundsson LJ, Jonsson GF, Stefansdottir B, Helgadottir I, Haraldsson M, Jonsdottir B, Thygesen JH, Schwarz AJ, Didriksen M, Stensbøl TB, Brammer M, Kapur S, Halldorsson JG, Hreidarsson S, Saemundsen E, Sigurdsson E, Stefansson K. CNVs conferring risk of autism or schizophrenia affect cognition in controls. Nature 2013; 505:361-6. [PMID: 24352232 DOI: 10.1038/nature12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In a small fraction of patients with schizophrenia or autism, alleles of copy-number variants (CNVs) in their genomes are probably the strongest factors contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. These CNVs may provide an entry point for investigations into the mechanisms of brain function and dysfunction alike. They are not fully penetrant and offer an opportunity to study their effects separate from that of manifest disease. Here we show in an Icelandic sample that a few of the CNVs clearly alter fecundity (measured as the number of children by age 45). Furthermore, we use various tests of cognitive function to demonstrate that control subjects carrying the CNVs perform at a level that is between that of schizophrenia patients and population controls. The CNVs do not all affect the same cognitive domains, hence the cognitive deficits that drive or accompany the pathogenesis vary from one CNV to another. Controls carrying the chromosome 15q11.2 deletion between breakpoints 1 and 2 (15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion) have a history of dyslexia and dyscalculia, even after adjusting for IQ in the analysis, and the CNV only confers modest effects on other cognitive traits. The 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion affects brain structure in a pattern consistent with both that observed during first-episode psychosis in schizophrenia and that of structural correlates in dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hreinn Stefansson
- 1] deCODE genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland [2]
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- 1] Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany [2]
| | - Stacy Steinberg
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Brynja Magnusdottir
- Landspitali, Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Katrin Morgen
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sunna Arnarsdottir
- 1] deCODE genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Landspitali, Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Orla M Doyle
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Heike Tost
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Solveig R Davidsdottir
- Landspitali, Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Isafold Helgadottir
- Landspitali, Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Magnus Haraldsson
- 1] Landspitali, Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland [2] University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Johan H Thygesen
- Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Adam J Schwarz
- Tailored Therapeutics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center DC 1940, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Brammer
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Shitij Kapur
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jonas G Halldorsson
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Stefan Hreidarsson
- The State Diagnostic and Counselling Centre, Digranesvegur 5, IS-200 Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - Evald Saemundsen
- 1] University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland [2] The State Diagnostic and Counselling Centre, Digranesvegur 5, IS-200 Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - Engilbert Sigurdsson
- 1] Landspitali, Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland [2] University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavík, Iceland
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10
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Tyrfingsson T, Thorgeirsson TE, Geller F, Runarsdóttir V, Hansdóttir I, Bjornsdottir G, Wiste AK, Jonsdottir GA, Stefansson H, Gulcher JR, Oskarsson H, Gudbjartsson D, Stefansson K. Addictions and their familiality in Iceland. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1187:208-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Petursson H, Gustafsson O, Gudjonsdottir IH, Jonsdottir GA, Palsson ST, Jonsson T, Saemundsdottir J, Bjornsdottir G, Böttcher Y, Thorlacius T, Haubenberger D, Zimprich A, Auff E, Hotzy C, Testa CM, Miyatake LA, Rosen AR, Kristleifsson K, Rye D, Asmus F, Schöls L, Dichgans M, Jakobsson F, Benedikz J, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gulcher J, Kong A, Stefansson K. Variant in the sequence of the LINGO1 gene confers risk of essential tremor. Nat Genet 2009; 41:277-9. [PMID: 19182806 DOI: 10.1038/ng.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We identified a marker in LINGO1 showing genome-wide significant association (P = 1.2 x 10(-9), odds ratio = 1.55) with essential tremor. LINGO1 has potent, negative regulatory influences on neuronal survival and is also important in regulating both central-nervous-system axon regeneration and oligodendrocyte maturation. Increased axon integrity observed in Lingo1 mouse [corrected] knockout models highlights the potential role of LINGO1 in the pathophysiology of ET [corrected]
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12
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Rujescu D, Ingason A, Cichon S, Pietiläinen OPH, Barnes MR, Toulopoulou T, Picchioni M, Vassos E, Ettinger U, Bramon E, Murray R, Ruggeri M, Tosato S, Bonetto C, Steinberg S, Sigurdsson E, Sigmundsson T, Petursson H, Gylfason A, Olason PI, Hardarsson G, Jonsdottir GA, Gustafsson O, Fossdal R, Giegling I, Möller HJ, Hartmann AM, Hoffmann P, Crombie C, Fraser G, Walker N, Lonnqvist J, Suvisaari J, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Djurovic S, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Hansen T, Werge T, Kiemeney LA, Franke B, Veltman J, Buizer-Voskamp JE, Sabatti C, Ophoff RA, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Stefansson K, Peltonen L, St Clair D, Stefansson H, Collier DA. Disruption of the neurexin 1 gene is associated with schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 18:988-96. [PMID: 18945720 PMCID: PMC2695245 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions within the neurexin 1 gene (NRXN1; 2p16.3) are associated with autism and have also been reported in two families with schizophrenia. We examined NRXN1, and the closely related NRXN2 and NRXN3 genes, for copy number variants (CNVs) in 2977 schizophrenia patients and 33 746 controls from seven European populations (Iceland, Finland, Norway, Germany, The Netherlands, Italy and UK) using microarray data. We found 66 deletions and 5 duplications in NRXN1, including a de novo deletion: 12 deletions and 2 duplications occurred in schizophrenia cases (0.47%) compared to 49 and 3 (0.15%) in controls. There was no common breakpoint and the CNVs varied from 18 to 420 kb. No CNVs were found in NRXN2 or NRXN3. We performed a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel exact test to estimate association between all CNVs and schizophrenia (P = 0.13; OR = 1.73; 95% CI 0.81-3.50). Because the penetrance of NRXN1 CNVs may vary according to the level of functional impact on the gene, we next restricted the association analysis to CNVs that disrupt exons (0.24% of cases and 0.015% of controls). These were significantly associated with a high odds ratio (P = 0.0027; OR 8.97, 95% CI 1.8-51.9). We conclude that NRXN1 deletions affecting exons confer risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Rujescu
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig- Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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13
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Pan G, Tian S, Nie J, Yang C, Ruotti V, Wei H, Jonsdottir GA, Stewart R, Thomson JA. Whole-genome analysis of histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 27 methylation in human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2008; 1:299-312. [PMID: 18371364 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We mapped Polycomb-associated H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and Trithorax-associated H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) across the whole genome in human embryonic stem (ES) cells. The vast majority of H3K27me3 colocalized on genes modified with H3K4me3. These commodified genes displayed low expression levels and were enriched in developmental function. Another significant set of genes lacked both modifications and was also expressed at low levels in ES cells but was enriched for gene function in physiological responses rather than development. Commodified genes could change expression levels rapidly during differentiation, but so could a substantial number of genes in other modification categories. SOX2, POU5F1, and NANOG, pluripotency-associated genes, shifted from modification by H3K4me3 alone to colocalization of both modifications as they were repressed during differentiation. Our results demonstrate that H3K27me3 modifications change during early differentiation, both relieving existing repressive domains and imparting new ones, and that colocalization with H3K4me3 is not restricted to pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Pan
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706-1580, USA
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14
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Wei H, Kuan PF, Tian S, Yang C, Nie J, Sengupta S, Ruotti V, Jonsdottir GA, Keles S, Thomson JA, Stewart R. A study of the relationships between oligonucleotide properties and hybridization signal intensities from NimbleGen microarray datasets. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:2926-38. [PMID: 18385155 PMCID: PMC2396435 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-defined relationships between oligonucleotide properties and hybridization signal intensities (HSI) can aid chip design, data normalization and true biological knowledge discovery. We clarify these relationships using the data from two microarray experiments containing over three million probes from 48 high-density chips. We find that melting temperature (Tm) has the most significant effect on HSI while length for the long oligonucleotides studied has very little effect. Analysis of positional effect using a linear model provides evidence that the protruding ends of probes contribute more than tethered ends to HSI, which is further validated by specifically designed match fragment sliding and extension experiments. The impact of sequence similarity (SeqS) on HSI is not significant in comparison with other oligonucleotide properties. Using regression and regression tree analysis, we prioritize these oligonucleotide properties based on their effects on HSI. The implications of our discoveries for the design of unbiased oligonucleotides are discussed. We propose that isothermal probes designed by varying the length is a viable strategy to reduce sequence bias, though imposing selection constraints on other oligonucleotide properties is also essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wei
- WiCell Research Institute, PO Box 7365, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
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15
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Yu J, Vodyanik MA, Smuga-Otto K, Antosiewicz-Bourget J, Frane JL, Tian S, Nie J, Jonsdottir GA, Ruotti V, Stewart R, Slukvin II, Thomson JA. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 2007; 318:1917-20. [PMID: 18029452 DOI: 10.1126/science.1151526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6999] [Impact Index Per Article: 411.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer allows trans-acting factors present in the mammalian oocyte to reprogram somatic cell nuclei to an undifferentiated state. We show that four factors (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28) are sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells that exhibit the essential characteristics of embryonic stem (ES) cells. These induced pluripotent human stem cells have normal karyotypes, express telomerase activity, express cell surface markers and genes that characterize human ES cells, and maintain the developmental potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Such induced pluripotent human cell lines should be useful in the production of new disease models and in drug development, as well as for applications in transplantation medicine, once technical limitations (for example, mutation through viral integration) are eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Yu
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1580, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Cortical actin patches are dynamic structures required for endocytosis in yeast. Recent studies have shown that components of cortical patches localize to the plasma membrane in a precisely orchestrated manner, and their movements at and away from the plasma membrane may define the endocytic membrane invagination and vesicle scission events, respectively. Here, through live-cell imaging, we analyze the dynamics of the highly conserved class I unconventional myosin, Myo5, which also localizes to cortical patches and is known to be involved in endocytosis and actin nucleation. Myo5 exhibits a pattern of dynamic localization different from all cortical patch components analyzed to date. Myo5 associates with cortical patches only transiently and remains stationary during its brief cortical lifespan. The peak of Myo5 association with cortical patches immediately precedes the fast movement of Arp2/3 complex-associated structures away from the plasma membrane, thus correlating precisely with the proposed vesicle scission event. To further test the role of Myo5, we generated a temperature-sensitive mutant myo5 allele. In the myo5 mutant cells, Myo5 exhibits a significantly extended cortical lifespan as a result of a general impairment of Myo5 function, and Arp2 patches exhibit an extended slow-movement phase prior to the fast movement toward the cell interior. The myo5 mutant cells are defective in fluid-phase endocytosis and exhibit an increased number of invaginations on the membrane. Based on these results, we hypothesize that the myosin I motor protein facilitates the membrane fusion/vesicle scission event of endocytosis.
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17
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Lechler T, Jonsdottir GA, Klee SK, Pellman D, Li R. A two-tiered mechanism by which Cdc42 controls the localization and activation of an Arp2/3-activating motor complex in yeast. J Cell Biol 2001; 155:261-70. [PMID: 11604421 PMCID: PMC2198833 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200104094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of cell polarity in budding yeast involves assembly of actin filaments at specified cortical domains. Elucidation of the underlying mechanism requires an understanding of the machinery that controls actin polymerization and how this machinery is in turn controlled by signaling proteins that respond to polarity cues. We showed previously that the yeast orthologue of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein, Bee1/Las17p, and the type I myosins are key regulators of cortical actin polymerization. Here, we demonstrate further that these proteins together with Vrp1p form a multivalent Arp2/3-activating complex. During cell polarization, a bifurcated signaling pathway downstream of the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42p recruits and activates this complex, leading to local assembly of actin filaments. One branch, which requires formin homologues, mediates the recruitment of the Bee1p complex to the cortical site where the activated Cdc42p resides. The other is mediated by the p21-activated kinases, which activate the motor activity of myosin-I through phosphorylation. Together, these findings provide insights into the essential processes leading to polarization of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lechler
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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