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Arbona-Lampaya A, Sung H, D’Amico A, Knowles EEM, Besançon EK, Freifeld A, Lacbawan L, Lopes F, Kassem L, Nardi AE, McMahon FJ. Strong Genetic Overlaps Between Dimensional and Categorical Models of Bipolar Disorders in a Family Sample. medRxiv 2024:2023.06.24.23291169. [PMID: 37425936 PMCID: PMC10327232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.24.23291169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder (BD) presents with a wide range of symptoms that vary among relatives, casting doubt on categorical illness models. To address this uncertainly, we investigated the heritability and genetic relationships between categorical and dimensional models of BD in a family sample. Methods Participants in the Amish-Mennonite Bipolar Genetics (AMBiGen) study were assigned categorical mood disorder diagnoses by structured psychiatric interview and completed the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), which assesses lifetime history of manic symptoms and associated impairment. Major MDQ dimensions were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in 726 participants. Heritability and genetic overlaps between categorical diagnoses and MDQ-derived dimensions were estimated with SOLAR-ECLIPSE within 432 genotyped participants. Results MDQ scores were significantly higher among individuals diagnosed with BD and related disorders, as expected, but varied widely among relatives. PCA suggested a three-component model for the MDQ. Heritability of the MDQ score was 30% (p<0.001), evenly distributed across its three principal components. Strong and significant genetic correlations were found between categorical diagnoses and most MDQ measures. Limitations Recruitment through probands with BD resulted in increased prevalence of BD in this sample, limiting generalizability. Unavailable genetic data reduced sample size for some analyses. Conclusion heritability and high genetic correlations between categorical diagnoses and MDQ measures support a genetic continuity between dimensional and categorical models of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Arbona-Lampaya
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Heejong Sung
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander D’Amico
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily K. Besançon
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ally Freifeld
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ley Lacbawan
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabiana Lopes
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Layla Kassem
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Francis J. McMahon
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Mollon J, Schultz LM, Huguet G, Knowles EEM, Mathias SR, Rodrigue A, Alexander-Bloch A, Saci Z, Jean-Louis M, Kumar K, Douard E, Almasy L, Jacquemont S, Glahn DC. Impact of Copy Number Variants and Polygenic Risk Scores on Psychopathology in the UK Biobank. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:591-600. [PMID: 36764568 PMCID: PMC10409883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of the impact of copy number variants (CNVs) on psychopathology and their joint influence with polygenic risk scores (PRSs) remains limited. METHODS The UK Biobank recruited 502,534 individuals ages 37 to 73 years living in the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010. After quality control, genotype data from 459,855 individuals were available for CNV calling. A total of 61 commonly studied recurrent neuropsychiatric CNVs were selected for analyses and examined individually and in aggregate (any CNV, deletion, or duplication). CNV risk scores were used to quantify intolerance of CNVs to haploinsufficiency. Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder PRSs were generated for White British individuals (N = 408,870). Mood/anxiety factor scores were generated using item-level questionnaire data (N = 501,289). RESULTS CNV carriers showed higher mood/anxiety scores than noncarriers, with the largest effects seen for intolerant deletions. A total of 11 individual deletions and 8 duplications were associated with higher mood/anxiety. Carriers of the 9p24.3 (DMRT1) duplication showed lower mood/anxiety. Associations remained significant for most CNVs when excluding individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. Nominally significant CNV × PRS interactions provided preliminary evidence that associations between select individual CNVs, but not CNVs in aggregate, and mood/anxiety may be modulated by PRSs. CONCLUSIONS CNVs associated with risk for psychiatric disorders showed small to large effects on dimensional mood/anxiety scores in a general population cohort, even when excluding individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. CNV × PRS interactions showed that associations between select CNVs and mood/anxiety may be modulated by PRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Laura M Schultz
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zohra Saci
- Department of Pediatrics, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martineau Jean-Louis
- Department of Pediatrics, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elise Douard
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
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Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Mollon J, Rodrigue AL, Woolsey MK, Hernandez AM, Garret AS, Fox PT, Olvera RL, Peralta JM, Kumar S, Göring HHH, Duggirala R, Curran JE, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Cocktail-party listening and cognitive abilities show strong pleiotropy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1071766. [PMID: 36970519 PMCID: PMC10035755 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1071766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cocktail-party problem refers to the difficulty listeners face when trying to attend to relevant sounds that are mixed with irrelevant ones. Previous studies have shown that solving these problems relies on perceptual as well as cognitive processes. Previously, we showed that speech-reception thresholds (SRTs) on a cocktail-party listening task were influenced by genetic factors. Here, we estimated the degree to which these genetic factors overlapped with those influencing cognitive abilities. Methods We measured SRTs and hearing thresholds (HTs) in 493 listeners, who ranged in age from 18 to 91 years old. The same individuals completed a cognitive test battery comprising 18 measures of various cognitive domains. Individuals belonged to large extended pedigrees, which allowed us to use variance component models to estimate the narrow-sense heritability of each trait, followed by phenotypic and genetic correlations between pairs of traits. Results All traits were heritable. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between SRTs and HTs were modest, and only the phenotypic correlation was significant. By contrast, all genetic SRT-cognition correlations were strong and significantly different from 0. For some of these genetic correlations, the hypothesis of complete pleiotropy could not be rejected. Discussion Overall, the results suggest that there was substantial genetic overlap between SRTs and a wide range of cognitive abilities, including abilities without a major auditory or verbal component. The findings highlight the important, yet sometimes overlooked, contribution of higher-order processes to solving the cocktail-party problem, raising an important caveat for future studies aiming to identify specific genetic factors that influence cocktail-party listening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amanda L. Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary K. Woolsey
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alyssa M. Hernandez
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Amy S. Garret
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Juan M. Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Brownstein CA, Douard E, Mollon J, Smith R, Hojlo MA, Das A, Goldman M, Garvey E, Cabral K, Li J, Bowen J, Rao AS, Genetti C, Carroll D, Knowles EEM, Deaso E, Agrawal PB, Beggs AH, D'Angelo E, Almasy L, Alexander-Bloch A, Saci Z, Moreau CA, Huguet G, Deo AJ, Jacquemont S, Glahn DC, Gonzalez-Heydrich J. Similar Rates of Deleterious Copy Number Variants in Early-Onset Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:853-861. [PMID: 36000218 PMCID: PMC9633349 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21111175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Copy number variants (CNVs) are strongly associated with neurodevelopmental and psychotic disorders. Early-onset psychosis (EOP), where symptoms appear before 18 years of age, is thought to be more strongly influenced by genetic factors than adult-onset psychotic disorders. However, the prevalence and effect of CNVs in EOP is unclear. METHODS The authors documented the prevalence of recurrent CNVs and the functional impact of deletions and duplications genome-wide in 137 children and adolescents with EOP compared with 5,540 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 16,504 population control subjects. Specifically, the frequency of 47 recurrent CNVs previously associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric illnesses in each cohort were compared. Next, CNV risk scores (CRSs), indices reflecting the dosage sensitivity for any gene across the genome that is encapsulated in a deletion or duplication separately, were compared between groups. RESULTS The prevalence of recurrent CNVs was significantly higher in the EOP group than in the ASD (odds ratio=2.30) and control (odds ratio=5.06) groups. However, the difference between the EOP and ASD groups was attenuated when EOP participants with co-occurring ASD were excluded. CRS was significantly higher in the EOP group compared with the control group for both deletions (odds ratio=1.30) and duplications (odds ratio=1.09). In contrast, the EOP and ASD groups did not differ significantly in terms of CRS. CONCLUSIONS Given the high frequency of recurrent CNVs in the EOP group and comparable CRSs in the EOP and ASD groups, the findings suggest that all children and adolescents with a psychotic diagnosis should undergo genetic screening, as is recommended in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Brownstein
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Elise Douard
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Richard Smith
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Margaret A Hojlo
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Ananth Das
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Maria Goldman
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Emily Garvey
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Kristin Cabral
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Joshua Bowen
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Abhijit S Rao
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Casie Genetti
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Devon Carroll
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Emma Deaso
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Eugene D'Angelo
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Laura Almasy
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Zohra Saci
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Anthony J Deo
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - David C Glahn
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
| | - Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich
- Early Psychosis Investigation Center (Brownstein, Mollon, Smith, Hojlo, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Division of Genetics and Genomics (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Rao, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research (Brownstein, Smith, Cabral, Li, Bowen, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Glahn), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Mollon, Hojlo, Das, Goldman, Garvey, Carroll, Knowles, Deaso, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research (Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), and Division of Newborn Medicine (Agrawal), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Brownstein, Smith, Genetti, Agrawal, Beggs, Deo) and Department of Psychiatry (Mollon, Carroll, Knowles, D'Angelo, Deo, Glahn, Gonzalez-Heydrich), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (Jacquemont) and Department of Neuroscience (Douard, Moreau), Université de Montréal, Montreal; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal (Douard, Saci, Moreau, Huguet, Jacquemont); Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Almasy) and Department of Psychiatry (Alexander-Bloch), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo); Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, N.J. (Deo). Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Almasy); Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (Smith)
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5
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Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Mollon J, Rodrigue AL, Woolsey MK, Hernandez AM, Garrett AS, Fox PT, Olvera RL, Peralta JM, Kumar S, Göring HHH, Duggirala R, Curran JE, Blangero J, Glahn DC. The Genetic contribution to solving the cocktail-party problem. iScience 2022; 25:104997. [PMID: 36111257 PMCID: PMC9468408 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Communicating in everyday situations requires solving the cocktail-party problem, or segregating the acoustic mixture into its constituent sounds and attending to those of most interest. Humans show dramatic variation in this ability, leading some to experience real-world problems irrespective of whether they meet criteria for clinical hearing loss. Here, we estimated the genetic contribution to cocktail-party listening by measuring speech-reception thresholds (SRTs) in 425 people from large families and ranging in age from 18 to 91 years. Roughly half the variance of SRTs was explained by genes (h 2 = 0.567). The genetic correlation between SRTs and hearing thresholds (HTs) was medium (ρ G = 0.392), suggesting that the genetic factors influencing cocktail-party listening were partially distinct from those influencing sound sensitivity. Aging and socioeconomic status also strongly influenced SRTs. These findings may represent a first step toward identifying genes for "hidden hearing loss," or hearing problems in people with normal HTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda L Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary K Woolsey
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alyssa M Hernandez
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Amy S Garrett
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Sønderby IE, Ching CRK, Thomopoulos SI, van der Meer D, Sun D, Villalon‐Reina JE, Agartz I, Amunts K, Arango C, Armstrong NJ, Ayesa‐Arriola R, Bakker G, Bassett AS, Boomsma DI, Bülow R, Butcher NJ, Calhoun VD, Caspers S, Chow EWC, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Craig MC, Crespo‐Facorro B, Cunningham AC, Dale AM, Dazzan P, de Zubicaray GI, Djurovic S, Doherty JL, Donohoe G, Draganski B, Durdle CA, Ehrlich S, Emanuel BS, Espeseth T, Fisher SE, Ge T, Glahn DC, Grabe HJ, Gur RE, Gutman BA, Haavik J, Håberg AK, Hansen LA, Hashimoto R, Hibar DP, Holmes AJ, Hottenga J, Hulshoff Pol HE, Jalbrzikowski M, Knowles EEM, Kushan L, Linden DEJ, Liu J, Lundervold AJ, Martin‐Brevet S, Martínez K, Mather KA, Mathias SR, McDonald‐McGinn DM, McRae AF, Medland SE, Moberget T, Modenato C, Monereo Sánchez J, Moreau CA, Mühleisen TW, Paus T, Pausova Z, Prieto C, Ragothaman A, Reinbold CS, Reis Marques T, Repetto GM, Reymond A, Roalf DR, Rodriguez‐Herreros B, Rucker JJ, Sachdev PS, Schmitt JE, Schofield PR, Silva AI, Stefansson H, Stein DJ, Tamnes CK, Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez D, Ulfarsson MO, Vajdi A, van 't Ent D, van den Bree MBM, Vassos E, Vázquez‐Bourgon J, Vila‐Rodriguez F, Walters GB, Wen W, Westlye LT, Wittfeld K, Zackai EH, Stefánsson K, Jacquemont S, Thompson PM, Bearden CE, Andreassen OA. Effects of copy number variations on brain structure and risk for psychiatric illness: Large-scale studies from the ENIGMA working groups on CNVs. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:300-328. [PMID: 33615640 PMCID: PMC8675420 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis copy number variant (ENIGMA-CNV) and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Working Groups (22q-ENIGMA WGs) were created to gain insight into the involvement of genetic factors in human brain development and related cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral manifestations. To that end, the ENIGMA-CNV WG has collated CNV and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from ~49,000 individuals across 38 global research sites, yielding one of the largest studies to date on the effects of CNVs on brain structures in the general population. The 22q-ENIGMA WG includes 12 international research centers that assessed over 533 individuals with a confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, 40 with 22q11.2 duplications, and 333 typically developing controls, creating the largest-ever 22q11.2 CNV neuroimaging data set. In this review, we outline the ENIGMA infrastructure and procedures for multi-site analysis of CNVs and MRI data. So far, ENIGMA has identified effects of the 22q11.2, 16p11.2 distal, 15q11.2, and 1q21.1 distal CNVs on subcortical and cortical brain structures. Each CNV is associated with differences in cognitive, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric traits, with characteristic patterns of brain structural abnormalities. Evidence of gene-dosage effects on distinct brain regions also emerged, providing further insight into genotype-phenotype relationships. Taken together, these results offer a more comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms involved in typical and atypical brain development. This "genotype-first" approach also contributes to our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of brain disorders. Finally, we outline future directions to better understand effects of CNVs on brain structure and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E. Sønderby
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and PsychologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Mental HealthVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Julio E. Villalon‐Reina
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical PsychiatryUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Cecile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IsSGM, Universidad Complutense, School of MedicineMadridSpain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | | | - Rosa Ayesa‐Arriola
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryMarqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | - Geor Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anne S. Bassett
- Clinical Genetics Research ProgramCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Nancy J. Butcher
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Child Health Evaluative SciencesThe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State, Georgia Tech, EmoryAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute for Anatomy IMedical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Eva W. C. Chow
- Clinical Genetics Research ProgramCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Craig
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental SciencesThe Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Adam C. Cunningham
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and GeneticsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Joanne L. Doherty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC)CardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and GenomicsSchool of Psychology, NUI GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity Hospital Lausanne and University LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Neurology DepartmentMax‐Planck Institute for Human Brain and Cognitive SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Courtney A. Durdle
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental NeurosciencesFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Beverly S. Emanuel
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyBjørknes CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics UnitCenter for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease ResearchBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Youth Suicide Prevention, Intervention and Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Biomedical EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Division of PsychiatryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineSt. Olavs HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Laura A. Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Personalized Healthcare AnalyticsGenentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jouke‐Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leila Kushan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - David E. J. Linden
- School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State, Georgia Tech, EmoryAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Computer ScienceGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Sandra Martin‐Brevet
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity Hospital Lausanne and University LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Kenia Martínez
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IsSGM, Universidad Complutense, School of MedicineMadridSpain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Donna M. McDonald‐McGinn
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You CenterChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Allan F. McRae
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Psychiatric GeneticsQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Claudia Modenato
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity Hospital Lausanne and University LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jennifer Monereo Sánchez
- School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Clara A. Moreau
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal, MontrealQCCanada
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Cecile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Departments of Psychology and PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, NucleusUniversity of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | | | - Céline S. Reinbold
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriela M. Repetto
- Center for Genetics and GenomicsFacultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - James J. Rucker
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Neuropsychiatric InstituteThe Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - James E. Schmitt
- Department of Radiology and PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ana I. Silva
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Christian K. Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Diana Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological FacilitiesValdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), SantanderSpain
| | - Magnus O. Ulfarsson
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/AmgenReykjavikIceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Iceland, ReykjavikIceland
| | - Ariana Vajdi
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marianne B. M. van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Javier Vázquez‐Bourgon
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryMarqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- School of MedicineUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Fidel Vila‐Rodriguez
- Department of PsychiatryThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - G. Bragi Walters
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/AmgenReykjavikIceland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kári Stefánsson
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/AmgenReykjavikIceland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal, MontrealQCCanada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Montreal, MontrealQCCanada
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and PsychologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Neurobehavioral GeneticsUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
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Mollon J, Knowles EEM, Mathias SR, Rodrigue A, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Gur RC, Peralta JM, Weiner DJ, Robinson EB, Gur RE, Blangero J, Almasy L, Glahn DC. Genetic influences on externalizing psychopathology overlap with cognitive functioning and show developmental variation. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 64:e29. [PMID: 33785081 PMCID: PMC8080212 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Questions remain regarding whether genetic influences on early life psychopathology overlap with cognition and show developmental variation. METHODS Using data from 9,421 individuals aged 8-21 from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, factors of psychopathology were generated using a bifactor model of item-level data from a psychiatric interview. Five orthogonal factors were generated: anxious-misery (mood and anxiety), externalizing (attention deficit hyperactivity and conduct disorder), fear (phobias), psychosis-spectrum, and a general factor. Genetic analyses were conducted on a subsample of 4,662 individuals of European American ancestry. A genetic relatedness matrix was used to estimate heritability of these factors, and genetic correlations with executive function, episodic memory, complex reasoning, social cognition, motor speed, and general cognitive ability. Gene × Age analyses determined whether genetic influences on these factors show developmental variation. RESULTS Externalizing was heritable (h2 = 0.46, p = 1 × 10-6), but not anxious-misery (h2 = 0.09, p = 0.183), fear (h2 = 0.04, p = 0.337), psychosis-spectrum (h2 = 0.00, p = 0.494), or general psychopathology (h2 = 0.21, p = 0.040). Externalizing showed genetic overlap with face memory (ρg = -0.412, p = 0.004), verbal reasoning (ρg = -0.485, p = 0.001), spatial reasoning (ρg = -0.426, p = 0.010), motor speed (ρg = 0.659, p = 1x10-4), verbal knowledge (ρg = -0.314, p = 0.002), and general cognitive ability (g)(ρg = -0.394, p = 0.002). Gene × Age analyses revealed decreasing genetic variance (γg = -0.146, p = 0.004) and increasing environmental variance (γe = 0.059, p = 0.009) on externalizing. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment may be a useful endophenotype of externalizing psychopathology and, therefore, help elucidate its pathophysiological underpinnings. Decreasing genetic variance suggests that gene discovery efforts may be more fruitful in children than adolescents or young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Weiner
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elise B Robinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Sønderby IE, van der Meer D, Moreau C, Kaufmann T, Walters GB, Ellegaard M, Abdellaoui A, Ames D, Amunts K, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Blackburn NB, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Bülow R, Bøen R, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Caspers S, Ching CRK, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Dale AM, Dalvie S, Dazzan P, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Desrivieres S, Doherty JL, Donohoe G, Draganski B, Ehrlich S, Eising E, Espeseth T, Fejgin K, Fisher SE, Fladby T, Frei O, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gareau T, Ge T, Glahn DC, Grabe HJ, Groenewold NA, Gústafsson Ó, Haavik J, Haberg AK, Hall J, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Hibar DP, Hillegers MHJ, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Holmes AJ, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Ikeda M, Jahanshad N, Jockwitz C, Johansson S, Jönsson EG, Jørgensen NR, Kikuchi M, Knowles EEM, Kumar K, Le Hellard S, Leu C, Linden DEJ, Liu J, Lundervold A, Lundervold AJ, Maillard AM, Martin NG, Martin-Brevet S, Mather KA, Mathias SR, McMahon KL, McRae AF, Medland SE, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Moberget T, Modenato C, Sánchez JM, Morris DW, Mühleisen TW, Murray RM, Nielsen J, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Loohuis LMO, Ophoff RA, Owen MJ, Paus T, Pausova Z, Peralta JM, Pike GB, Prieto C, Quinlan EB, Reinbold CS, Marques TR, Rucker JJH, Sachdev PS, Sando SB, Schofield PR, Schork AJ, Schumann G, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Silva AI, Sisodiya SM, Steen VM, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Suzuki IK, Tamnes CK, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Uhlmann A, Ulfarsson MO, van 't Ent D, van den Bree MBM, Vanderhaeghen P, Vassos E, Wen W, Wittfeld K, Wright MJ, Agartz I, Djurovic S, Westlye LT, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Jacquemont S, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. 1q21.1 distal copy number variants are associated with cerebral and cognitive alterations in humans. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:182. [PMID: 33753722 PMCID: PMC7985307 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-frequency 1q21.1 distal deletion and duplication copy number variant (CNV) carriers are predisposed to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. Human carriers display a high prevalence of micro- and macrocephaly in deletion and duplication carriers, respectively. The underlying brain structural diversity remains largely unknown. We systematically called CNVs in 38 cohorts from the large-scale ENIGMA-CNV collaboration and the UK Biobank and identified 28 1q21.1 distal deletion and 22 duplication carriers and 37,088 non-carriers (48% male) derived from 15 distinct magnetic resonance imaging scanner sites. With standardized methods, we compared subcortical and cortical brain measures (all) and cognitive performance (UK Biobank only) between carrier groups also testing for mediation of brain structure on cognition. We identified positive dosage effects of copy number on intracranial volume (ICV) and total cortical surface area, with the largest effects in frontal and cingulate cortices, and negative dosage effects on caudate and hippocampal volumes. The carriers displayed distinct cognitive deficit profiles in cognitive tasks from the UK Biobank with intermediate decreases in duplication carriers and somewhat larger in deletion carriers-the latter potentially mediated by ICV or cortical surface area. These results shed light on pathobiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, by demonstrating gene dose effect on specific brain structures and effect on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Moreau
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics (Amgen), Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Maria Ellegaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Kew, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Bernard
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rune Bøen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Altrecht Science, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, IBiS, Centre de Investigació Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Doherty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Else Eising
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Fejgin
- Signal Transduction, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, 1474, Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Sokendai, Hayama, Japan
| | - Thomas Gareau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta K Haberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olav's Hospital, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeremy Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Màxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Psychology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niklas R Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Costin Leu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont-St-Peter, United Kingdom
| | - David E J Linden
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Herston Imaging Research Facility and School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Modenato
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Monereo Sánchez
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- Signal Transduction, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Erin B Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - James J H Rucker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- University Hospital of Trondheim,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Translational Genetics Institute (TGEN), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Shin
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana I Silva
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont-St-Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ikuo K Suzuki
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Stem Cell and Developmental Neurobiology Lab, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Brussels (ULB), Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics (Amgen), Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Vanderhaeghen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences & Leuven Brain Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics (Amgen), Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Koenis MMG, Durnez J, Rodrigue AL, Mathias SR, Alexander-Bloch AF, Barrett JA, Doucet GE, Frangou S, Knowles EEM, Mollon J, Denbow D, Aberizk K, Zatony M, Janssen RJ, Curran JE, Blangero J, Poldrack RA, Pearlson GD, Glahn DC. Associations of cannabis use disorder with cognition, brain structure, and brain function in African Americans. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:1727-1741. [PMID: 33340172 PMCID: PMC7978126 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have highlighted associations of cannabis use with cognition and brain morphometry, critical questions remain with regard to the association between cannabis use and brain structural and functional connectivity. In a cross‐sectional community sample of 205 African Americans (age 18–70) we tested for associations of cannabis use disorder (CUD, n = 57) with multi‐domain cognitive measures and structural, diffusion, and resting state brain‐imaging phenotypes. Post hoc model evidence was computed with Bayes factors (BF) and posterior probabilities of association (PPA) to account for multiple testing. General cognitive functioning, verbal intelligence, verbal memory, working memory, and motor speed were lower in the CUD group compared with non‐users (p < .011; 1.9 < BF < 3,217). CUD was associated with altered functional connectivity in a network comprising the motor‐hand region in the superior parietal gyri and the anterior insula (p < .04). These differences were not explained by alcohol, other drug use, or education. No associations with CUD were observed in cortical thickness, cortical surface area, subcortical or cerebellar volumes (0.12 < BF < 1.5), or graph‐theoretical metrics of resting state connectivity (PPA < 0.01). In a large sample collected irrespective of cannabis used to minimize recruitment bias, we confirm the literature on poorer cognitive functioning in CUD, and an absence of volumetric brain differences between CUD and non‐CUD. We did not find evidence for or against a disruption of structural connectivity, whereas we did find localized resting state functional dysconnectivity in CUD. There was sufficient proof, however, that organization of functional connectivity as determined via graph metrics does not differ between CUD and non‐user group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinka M G Koenis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joke Durnez
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Amanda L Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Barrett
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gaelle E Doucet
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominique Denbow
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katrina Aberizk
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Molly Zatony
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ronald J Janssen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Russell A Poldrack
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Mollon J, Rodrigue A, Koenis MMC, Alexander-Bloch AF, Winkler AM, Olvera RL, Duggirala R, Göring HHH, Curran JE, Fox PT, Almasy L, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Minimal Relationship between Local Gyrification and General Cognitive Ability in Humans. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3439-3450. [PMID: 32037459 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that gyrification is associated with superior cognitive abilities in humans, but the strength of this relationship remains unclear. Here, in two samples of related individuals (total N = 2882), we calculated an index of local gyrification (LGI) at thousands of cortical surface points using structural brain images and an index of general cognitive ability (g) using performance on cognitive tests. Replicating previous studies, we found that phenotypic and genetic LGI-g correlations were positive and statistically significant in many cortical regions. However, all LGI-g correlations in both samples were extremely weak, regardless of whether they were significant or nonsignificant. For example, the median phenotypic LGI-g correlation was 0.05 in one sample and 0.10 in the other. These correlations were even weaker after adjusting for confounding neuroanatomical variables (intracranial volume and local cortical surface area). Furthermore, when all LGIs were considered together, at least 89% of the phenotypic variance of g remained unaccounted for. We conclude that the association between LGI and g is too weak to have profound implications for our understanding of the neurobiology of intelligence. This study highlights potential issues when focusing heavily on statistical significance rather than effect sizes in large-scale observational neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marinka M C Koenis
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Harford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Harford, CT 06106, USA
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11
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Mollon J, Curran JE, Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Carlisle P, Fox PT, Olvera RL, Göring HHH, Rodrigue A, Almasy L, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Neurocognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes: evidence for shared genetic aetiology. Diabetologia 2020; 63:977-986. [PMID: 32016567 PMCID: PMC7150650 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive impairments, but it is unclear whether common genetic factors influence both type 2 diabetes risk and cognition. METHODS Using data from 1892 Mexican-American individuals from extended pedigrees, including 402 with type 2 diabetes, we examined possible pleiotropy between type 2 diabetes and cognitive functioning, as measured by a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. RESULTS Negative phenotypic correlations (ρp) were observed between type 2 diabetes and measures of attention (Continuous Performance Test [CPT d']: ρp = -0.143, p = 0.001), verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test [CVLT] recall: ρp = -0.111, p = 0.004) and face memory (Penn Face Memory Test [PFMT]: ρp = -0.127, p = 0.002; PFMT Delayed: ρp = -0.148, p = 2 × 10-4), replicating findings of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes. Negative genetic correlations (ρg) were also observed between type 2 diabetes and measures of attention (CPT d': ρg = -0.401, p = 0.001), working memory (digit span backward test: ρg = -0.380, p = 0.005), and face memory (PFMT: ρg = -0.476, p = 2 × 10-4; PFMT Delayed: ρg = -0.376, p = 0.005), suggesting that the same genetic factors underlying risk for type 2 diabetes also influence poor cognitive performance in these domains. Performance in these domains was also associated with type 2 diabetes risk using an endophenotype ranking value approach. Specifically, on measures of attention (CPT d': β = -0.219, p = 0.005), working memory (digit span backward: β = -0.326, p = 0.035), and face memory (PFMT: β = -0.171, p = 0.023; PFMT Delayed: β = -0.215, p = 0.005), individuals with type 2 diabetes showed the lowest performance, while unaffected/unrelated individuals showed the highest performance, and those related to an individual with type 2 diabetes performed at an intermediate level. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that cognitive impairment may be a useful endophenotype of type 2 diabetes and, therefore, help to elucidate the pathophysiological underpinnings of this chronic disease. DATA AVAILABILITY The data analysed in this study is available in dbGaP: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs001215.v2.p2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Autumn Street, BCH 3428, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Autumn Street, BCH 3428, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Autumn Street, BCH 3428, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Phoebe Carlisle
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Autumn Street, BCH 3428, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Autumn Street, BCH 3428, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
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12
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Rodrigue AL, Alexander-Bloch AF, Knowles EEM, Mathias SR, Mollon J, Koenis MMG, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Almasy L, Turner JA, Calhoun VD, Glahn DC. Genetic Contributions to Multivariate Data-Driven Brain Networks Constructed via Source-Based Morphometry. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4899-4913. [PMID: 32318716 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying genetic factors underlying neuroanatomical variation has been difficult. Traditional methods have used brain regions from predetermined parcellation schemes as phenotypes for genetic analyses, although these parcellations often do not reflect brain function and/or do not account for covariance between regions. We proposed that network-based phenotypes derived via source-based morphometry (SBM) may provide additional insight into the genetic architecture of neuroanatomy given its data-driven approach and consideration of covariance between voxels. We found that anatomical SBM networks constructed on ~ 20 000 individuals from the UK Biobank were heritable and shared functionally meaningful genetic overlap with each other. We additionally identified 27 unique genetic loci that contributed to one or more SBM networks. Both GWA and genetic correlation results indicated complex patterns of pleiotropy and polygenicity similar to other complex traits. Lastly, we found genetic overlap between a network related to the default mode and schizophrenia, a disorder commonly associated with neuroanatomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marinka M G Koenis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Nora I Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department, Neurosciences Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,The Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Psychology Department, Neurosciences Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,The Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Mind Research Network, Department of Psychiatry and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
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13
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Knowles EEM. Strengths and Limitations of Harnessing Big Data to Understand the Genetics of Adoption and Mental Health. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:e21-e22. [PMID: 32216903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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van der Meer D, Sønderby IE, Kaufmann T, Walters GB, Abdellaoui A, Ames D, Amunts K, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Blackburn NB, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Bülow R, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Caspers S, Cavalleri GL, Ching CRK, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Dalvie S, Dazzan P, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Delanty N, den Braber A, Desrivieres S, Di Forti M, Doherty JL, Donohoe G, Ehrlich S, Eising E, Espeseth T, Fisher SE, Fladby T, Frei O, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gareau T, Glahn DC, Grabe HJ, Groenewold NA, Gústafsson Ó, Haavik J, Haberg AK, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Hibar DP, Hillegers MHJ, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Ikeda M, Jacquemont S, Jahanshad N, Jockwitz C, Johansson S, Jönsson EG, Kikuchi M, Knowles EEM, Kwok JB, Le Hellard S, Linden DEJ, Liu J, Lundervold A, Lundervold AJ, Martin NG, Mather KA, Mathias SR, McMahon KL, McRae AF, Medland SE, Moberget T, Moreau C, Morris DW, Mühleisen TW, Murray RM, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA, Owen MJ, Paus T, Pausova Z, Peralta JM, Pike B, Prieto C, Quinlan EB, Reinbold CS, Reis Marques T, Rucker JJH, Sachdev PS, Sando SB, Schofield PR, Schork AJ, Schumann G, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Silva AI, Sisodiya SM, Steen VM, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Tamnes CK, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Uhlmann A, Úlfarsson MÖ, van 't Ent D, van den Bree MBM, Vassos E, Wen W, Wittfeld K, Wright MJ, Zayats T, Dale AM, Djurovic S, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Stefánsson H, Stefánsson K, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. Association of Copy Number Variation of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Region With Cortical and Subcortical Morphology and Cognition. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:420-430. [PMID: 31665216 PMCID: PMC6822096 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Recurrent microdeletions and duplications in the genomic region 15q11.2 between breakpoints 1 (BP1) and 2 (BP2) are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. These structural variants are present in 0.5% to 1.0% of the population, making 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 the site of the most prevalent known pathogenic copy number variation (CNV). It is unknown to what extent this CNV influences brain structure and affects cognitive abilities. Objective To determine the association of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion and duplication CNVs with cortical and subcortical brain morphology and cognitive task performance. Design, Setting, and Participants In this genetic association study, T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging were combined with genetic data from the ENIGMA-CNV consortium and the UK Biobank, with a replication cohort from Iceland. In total, 203 deletion carriers, 45 247 noncarriers, and 306 duplication carriers were included. Data were collected from August 2015 to April 2019, and data were analyzed from September 2018 to September 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The associations of the CNV with global and regional measures of surface area and cortical thickness as well as subcortical volumes were investigated, correcting for age, age2, sex, scanner, and intracranial volume. Additionally, measures of cognitive ability were analyzed in the full UK Biobank cohort. Results Of 45 756 included individuals, the mean (SD) age was 55.8 (18.3) years, and 23 754 (51.9%) were female. Compared with noncarriers, deletion carriers had a lower surface area (Cohen d = -0.41; SE, 0.08; P = 4.9 × 10-8), thicker cortex (Cohen d = 0.36; SE, 0.07; P = 1.3 × 10-7), and a smaller nucleus accumbens (Cohen d = -0.27; SE, 0.07; P = 7.3 × 10-5). There was also a significant negative dose response on cortical thickness (β = -0.24; SE, 0.05; P = 6.8 × 10-7). Regional cortical analyses showed a localization of the effects to the frontal, cingulate, and parietal lobes. Further, cognitive ability was lower for deletion carriers compared with noncarriers on 5 of 7 tasks. Conclusions and Relevance These findings, from the largest CNV neuroimaging study to date, provide evidence that 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 structural variation is associated with brain morphology and cognition, with deletion carriers being particularly affected. The pattern of results fits with known molecular functions of genes in the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 region and suggests involvement of these genes in neuronal plasticity. These neurobiological effects likely contribute to the association of this CNV with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Kew, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Juelich, Germany
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Bernard
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Altrecht Science, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- The School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Los Angeles
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IdahoIVAL, Centre de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, IBiS, Centre de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Norman Delanty
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Doherty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Psychological and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Else Eising
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
- University of Oslo, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Le Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Sokendai, Hayama, Japan
| | - Thomas Gareau
- Neurospin, Le Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David C Glahn
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta K Haberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olav's Hospital, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John B Kwok
- The University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David E J Linden
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Herston Imaging Research Facility and School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Moreau
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville
| | - Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James J H Rucker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter R Schofield
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Shin
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana I Silva
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, IdahoIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Magnús Ö Úlfarsson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Sønderby IE, Gústafsson Ó, Doan NT, Hibar DP, Martin-Brevet S, Abdellaoui A, Ames D, Amunts K, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Blackburn N, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Bralten J, Brattbak HR, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Bülow R, Calhoun V, Caspers S, Cavalleri G, Chen CH, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Dale AM, Dalvie S, Dazzan P, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Delanty N, den Braber A, Desrivières S, Donohoe G, Draganski B, Ehrlich S, Espeseth T, Fisher SE, Franke B, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gareau T, Glahn DC, Grabe H, Groenewold NA, Haavik J, Håberg A, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Heinz A, Hillegers MHJ, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff HE, Ikeda M, Jahanshad N, Jernigan T, Jockwitz C, Johansson S, Jonsdottir GA, Jönsson EG, Kahn R, Kaufmann T, Kelly S, Kikuchi M, Knowles EEM, Kolskår KK, Kwok JB, Hellard SL, Leu C, Liu J, Lundervold AJ, Lundervold A, Martin NG, Mather K, Mathias SR, McCormack M, McMahon KL, McRae A, Milaneschi Y, Moreau C, Morris D, Mothersill D, Mühleisen TW, Murray R, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff R, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx B, Peralta JM, Pike B, Prieto C, Pudas S, Quinlan E, Quintana DS, Reinbold CS, Marques TR, Reymond A, Richard G, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Roiz-Santiañez R, Rokicki J, Rucker J, Sachdev P, Sanders AM, Sando SB, Schmaal L, Schofield PR, Schork AJ, Schumann G, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Sisodiya S, Steen VM, Stein DJ, Steinberg S, Strike L, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Turner J, Ueland T, Uhlmann A, Ulfarsson MO, van 't Ent D, van der Meer D, van Haren NEM, Vaskinn A, Vassos E, Walters GB, Wang Y, Wen W, Whelan CD, Wittfeld K, Wright M, Yamamori H, Zayats T, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Jacquemont S, Djurovic S, Stefánsson H, Stefánsson K, Thompson P, Andreassen OA. Dose response of the 16p11.2 distal copy number variant on intracranial volume and basal ganglia. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:584-602. [PMID: 30283035 PMCID: PMC7042770 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carriers of large recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) have a higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. The 16p11.2 distal CNV predisposes carriers to e.g., autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We compared subcortical brain volumes of 12 16p11.2 distal deletion and 12 duplication carriers to 6882 non-carriers from the large-scale brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging collaboration, ENIGMA-CNV. After stringent CNV calling procedures, and standardized FreeSurfer image analysis, we found negative dose-response associations with copy number on intracranial volume and on regional caudate, pallidum and putamen volumes (β = -0.71 to -1.37; P < 0.0005). In an independent sample, consistent results were obtained, with significant effects in the pallidum (β = -0.95, P = 0.0042). The two data sets combined showed significant negative dose-response for the accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen and ICV (P = 0.0032, 8.9 × 10-6, 1.7 × 10-9, 3.5 × 10-12 and 1.0 × 10-4, respectively). Full scale IQ was lower in both deletion and duplication carriers compared to non-carriers. This is the first brain MRI study of the impact of the 16p11.2 distal CNV, and we demonstrate a specific effect on subcortical brain structures, suggesting a neuropathological pattern underlying the neurodevelopmental syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
- Janssen Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Bernard
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nicholas Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Richard Brattbak
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vince Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, Mexico
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cavalleri
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Strasse 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Psychosis Studies, Insitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespingy Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University medical center, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, NH, Netherlands
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norman Delanty
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Thomas Gareau
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David C Glahn
- Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Suite 6E, 6511, New Haven, Vaud, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 300 George Street, 6106, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Hans Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, Charite, Humboldt University, Chariteplatz 1, 10017, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Child and adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Erasmus medical center-Sophia's Childerens hospitaal, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 8, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Terry Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:00, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinead Kelly
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 40 Temple Street, 6515, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Costin Leu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd., 87106, Albuquerque, CT, USA
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, 87131, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 40 Temple Street, 6515, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark McCormack
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan McRae
- Program in Complex Trait Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Moreau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Derek Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - David Mothersill
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Strasse 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin Murray
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan E Nordvik
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Roel Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Center for Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Pike
- Departments of Radiology & Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Pudas
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Linnéus väg 9, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erin Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Social, Genetic and Development Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Daniel S Quintana
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatry Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve Richard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Jarek Rokicki
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - James Rucker
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Edvard Griegs gate 8, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, 3502, Parkville, New Mexico, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, 3502, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, London, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Rd, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Lachlan Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbu Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities. Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, TBH Francie van Zijl Avenue, 7500, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, 1 South Prospect Street, 5401, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margie Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 424, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Mollon J, Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Rodrigue A, Koenis MMG, Pearlson GD, Reichenberg A, Barrett J, Denbow D, Aberizk K, Zatony M, Poldrack RA, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Cognitive impairment from early to middle adulthood in patients with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders. Psychol Med 2020; 50:48-57. [PMID: 30606277 PMCID: PMC7086288 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a core feature of psychotic disorders, but the profile of impairment across adulthood, particularly in African-American populations, remains unclear. METHODS Using cross-sectional data from a case-control study of African-American adults with affective (n = 59) and nonaffective (n = 68) psychotic disorders, we examined cognitive functioning between early and middle adulthood (ages 20-60) on measures of general cognitive ability, language, abstract reasoning, processing speed, executive function, verbal memory, and working memory. RESULTS Both affective and nonaffective psychosis patients showed substantial and widespread cognitive impairments. However, comparison of cognitive functioning between controls and psychosis groups throughout early (ages 20-40) and middle (ages 40-60) adulthood also revealed age-associated group differences. During early adulthood, the nonaffective psychosis group showed increasing impairments with age on measures of general cognitive ability and executive function, while the affective psychosis group showed increasing impairment on a measure of language ability. Impairments on other cognitive measures remained mostly stable, although decreasing impairments on measures of processing speed, memory and working memory were also observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest similarities, but also differences in the profile of cognitive dysfunction in adults with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders. Both affective and nonaffective patients showed substantial and relatively stable impairments across adulthood. The nonaffective group also showed increasing impairments with age in general and executive functions, and the affective group showed an increasing impairment in verbal functions, possibly suggesting different underlying etiopathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amanda Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marinka M. G. Koenis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Barrett
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Dominique Denbow
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Katrina Aberizk
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Molly Zatony
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
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Knowles EEM, Curran JE, Göring HHH, Mathias SR, Mollon J, Rodrigue A, Olvera RL, Leandro A, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Family-based analyses reveal novel genetic overlap between cytokine interleukin-8 and risk for suicide attempt. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:292-299. [PMID: 30953777 PMCID: PMC7168352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is major public health concern. It is imperative to find robust biomarkers so that at-risk individuals can be identified in a timely and reliable manner. Previous work suggests mechanistic links between increased cytokines and risk for suicide, but questions remain regarding the etiology of this association, as well as the roles of sex and BMI. METHODS Analyses were conducted using a randomly-ascertained extended-pedigree sample of 1882 Mexican-American individuals (60% female, mean age = 42.04, range = 18-97). Genetic correlations were calculated using a variance components approach between the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and Lifetime Suicide Attempt and Current Suicidal Ideation. The potentially confounding effects of sex and BMI were considered. RESULTS 159 individuals endorse a Lifetime Suicide Attempt. IL-8 and IL-6 shared significant genetic overlap with risk for suicide attempt (ρg = 0.49, pFDR = 7.67 × 10-03; ρg = 0.53, pFDR = 0.01), but for IL-6 this was attenuated when BMI was included as a covariate (ρg = 0.37, se = 0.23, pFDR = 0.12). Suicide attempts were significantly more common in females (pFDR = 0.01) and the genetic overlap between IL-8 and risk for suicide attempt was significant in females (ρg = 0.56, pFDR = 0.01), but not in males (ρg = 0.44, pFDR = 0.30). DISCUSSION These results demonstrate that: IL-8 shares genetic influences with risk for suicide attempt; females drove this effect; and BMI should be considered when assessing the association between IL-6 and suicide. This finding represents a significant advancement in knowledge by demonstrating that cytokine alterations are not simply a secondary manifestation of suicidal behavior, but rather, the pathophysiology of suicide attempts is, at least partly, underpinned by the same biological mechanisms responsible for regulating inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ana Leandro
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics at University of Pennsylvania and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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Knowles EEM, Mathias SR, Pearlson GD, Barrett J, Mollon J, Denbow D, Aberzik K, Zatony M, Glahn DC. Clinical correlates of subsyndromal depression in African American individuals with psychosis: The relationship with positive symptoms and comorbid substance dependence. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:333-346. [PMID: 30482645 PMCID: PMC6486464 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with psychosis exhibit subsyndromal depressive symptoms during the course of illness and yet the clinical correlates of these symptoms remain under-investigated. We aimed to investigate the clinical correlates of subsyndromal depression in psychosis including the extent to which they mediate commonly observed comorbid substance dependence. We developed a model of depression in a non-clinical sample recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 266), and confirmed that model in a locally recruited African-American clinical sample comprising psychotic and non-psychotic individuals (N = 256). Using scores from this model we tested: the strength of relationships between depressive symptomatology and positive, negative and disorganized symptoms in a range of psychotic disorders; whether depressive symptoms were higher in individuals with affective psychoses versus schizophrenia; and if depressive symptomatology mediated the relationship between psychosis and substance dependence. Subsyndromal depressive symptomatology was significantly higher in individuals with psychosis than without psychosis, but did not significantly differ between affective and non-affective psychotic groups. Depressive symptomatology was significantly related to positive (but not negative or disorganized) psychotic symptoms, and mediated the relationship between psychosis and substance dependence. The present study underlines the importance of assessing subsyndromal depression in patients with psychosis, and generates a number of testable predictions for future work. In particular, the examination of the relationships between comorbid psychopathology, namely depression and substance abuse, may improve insight into the neurobiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel. R. Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Barrett
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dominique Denbow
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Katrina Aberzik
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Molly Zatony
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
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Knowles EEM, Curran JE, Meikle PJ, Huynh K, Mathias SR, Göring HHH, VandeBerg JL, Mahaney MC, Jalbrzikowski M, Mosior MK, Michael LF, Olvera RL, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Glahn DC, Blangero J. Disentangling the genetic overlap between cholesterol and suicide risk. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2556-2563. [PMID: 30082891 PMCID: PMC6224547 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is major public health concern; one million individuals worldwide die by suicide each year of which there are many more attempts. Thus, it is imperative that robust and reliable indicators, or biomarkers, of suicide risk be identified so that individuals at risk can be identified and provided appropriate interventions as quickly as possible. Previous work has revealed a relationship between low levels of circulating cholesterol and suicide risk, implicating cholesterol level as one such potential biomarker, but the factors underlying this relationship remain unknown. In the present study, we applied a combination of bivariate polygenic and coefficient-of-relatedness analysis, followed by mediation analysis, in a large sample of Mexican-American individuals from extended pedigrees [N = 1897; 96 pedigrees (average size = 19.17 individuals, range = 2-189) 60% female; mean age = 42.58 years, range = 18-97 years, sd = 15.75 years] with no exclusion criteria for any given psychiatric disorder. We observed that total esterified cholesterol measured at the time of psychiatric assessment shared a significant genetic overlap with risk for suicide attempt (ρg = -0.64, p = 1.24 × 10-04). We also found that total unesterified cholesterol measured around 20 years prior to assessment varied as a function of genetic proximity to an affected individual (h2 = 0.21, se = 0.10, p = 8.73 × 10-04; βsuicide = -0.70, se = 0.25, p = 8.90 × 10-03). Finally, we found that the relationship between total unesterified cholesterol and suicide risk was significantly mediated by ABCA-1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity (βsuicide-efflux = -0.45, p = 0.039; βefflux-cholexterol = -0.34, p < 0.0001; βindirect = -0.15, p = 0.044). These findings suggest that the relatively well-delineated process of cholesterol metabolism and associated molecular pathways will be informative for understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of risk for suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. M. Knowles
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- 0000 0004 5374 269Xgrid.449717.8South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX USA
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- 0000 0000 9760 5620grid.1051.5Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- 0000 0000 9760 5620grid.1051.5Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samuel R. Mathias
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- 0000 0004 5374 269Xgrid.449717.8South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX USA
| | - John L. VandeBerg
- 0000 0004 5374 269Xgrid.449717.8South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX USA
| | - Michael C. Mahaney
- 0000 0004 5374 269Xgrid.449717.8South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Marian K. Mosior
- 0000 0000 2220 2544grid.417540.3Diabetes and Complications Therapeutic Area, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Laura F. Michael
- 0000 0000 2220 2544grid.417540.3Diabetes and Complications Therapeutic Area, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- 0000 0001 0629 5880grid.267309.9Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- 0000 0004 5374 269Xgrid.449717.8South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,0000 0001 0680 8770grid.239552.aDepartment of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,0000 0001 0626 2712grid.277313.3Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT USA
| | - John Blangero
- 0000 0004 5374 269Xgrid.449717.8South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX USA
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20
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Knowles EEM, Mathias SR, Mollon J, Rodrigue A, Koenis MMG, Dyer TD, Goring HHH, Curran JE, Olvera RL, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Blangero J, Glahn DC. A QTL on chromosome 3q23 influences processing speed in humans. Genes Brain Behav 2018; 18:e12530. [PMID: 30379395 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Processing speed is a psychological construct that refers to the speed with which an individual can perform any cognitive operation. Processing speed correlates strongly with general cognitive ability, declines sharply with age and is impaired across a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Thus, identifying genes that influence processing speed will likely improve understanding of the genetics of intelligence, biological aging and the etiologies of numerous disorders. Previous genetics studies of processing speed have relied on simple phenotypes (eg, mean reaction time) derived from single tasks. This strategy assumes, erroneously, that processing speed is a unitary construct. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the genetic architecture of processing speed by using a multidimensional model applied to a battery of cognitive tasks. Linkage and QTL-specific association analyses were performed on the factors from this model. The randomly ascertained sample comprised 1291 Mexican-American individuals from extended pedigrees. We found that performance on all three distinct processing-speed factors (Psychomotor Speed; Sequencing and Shifting and Verbal Fluency) were moderately and significantly heritable. We identified a genome-wide significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 3q23 for Psychomotor Speed (LOD = 4.83). Within this locus, we identified a plausible and interesting candidate gene for Psychomotor Speed (Z = 2.90, P = 1.86 × 10-03 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amanda Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marinka M G Koenis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Harald H H Goring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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McCarthy NS, Badcock JC, Clark ML, Knowles EEM, Cadby G, Melton PE, Morgan VA, Blangero J, Moses EK, Glahn DC, Jablensky A. Assessment of Cognition and Personality as Potential Endophenotypes in the Western Australian Family Study of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:908-921. [PMID: 29040798 PMCID: PMC6007328 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity is a major barrier to understanding the genetic architecture underlying schizophrenia. Incorporating endophenotypes is one way to reduce heterogeneity and facilitate more powerful genetic analysis. Candidate endophenotypes require systematic assessment against endophenotype criteria, and a ranking of their potential utility for genetic analysis. In this study we assess 20 cognitive and personality measures in a sample of 127 families with at least 2 cases of schizophrenia per family (n = 535) plus a set of 30 control families (n = 121) against 4 endophenotype criteria: (a) be associated with the illness but not be a part of its diagnosis, (b) be heritable, (c) co-segregate with the illness in families, and (d) be found in unaffected relatives at a higher rate than in the general population. The endophenotype ranking score (endophenotype ranking variable [ERV]) was used to rank candidate endophenotypes based on their heritability and genetic correlation with schizophrenia. Finally, we used factor analysis to explore latent factors underlying the cognitive and personality measures. Evidence for personality measures as endophenotypes was at least equivalent to that of the cognitive measures. Factor analysis indicated that personality and cognitive traits contribute to independent latent dimensions. The results suggest for this first time that a number of cognitive and personality measures are independent and informative endophenotypes. Use of these endophenotypes in genetic studies will likely improve power and facilitate novel aetiological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S McCarthy
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, Australia
| | - Johanna C Badcock
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, Australia
| | - Melanie L Clark
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gemma Cadby
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Vera A Morgan
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Eric K Moses
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
| | - Assen Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Barrett J, Leach O, Buccheri S, Beetham T, Blangero J, Poldrack RA, Glahn DC. The Processing-Speed Impairment in Psychosis Is More Than Just Accelerated Aging. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:814-823. [PMID: 28062652 PMCID: PMC5472152 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Processing speed is impaired in patients with psychosis, and deteriorates as a function of normal aging. These observations, in combination with other lines of research, suggest that psychosis may be a syndrome of accelerated aging. But do patients with psychosis perform poorly on tasks of processing speed for the same reasons as older adults? Fifty-one patients with psychotic illnesses and 90 controls with similar mean IQ (aged 19-69 years, all African American) completed a computerized processing-speed task, reminiscent of the classic digit-symbol coding task. The data were analyzed using the drift-diffusion model (DDM), and Bayesian inference was used to determine whether psychosis and aging had similar or divergent effects on the DDM parameters. Psychosis and aging were both associated with poor performance, but had divergent effects on the DDM parameters. Patients had lower information-processing efficiency ("drift rate") and longer nondecision time than controls, and psychosis per se did not influence response caution. By contrast, the primary effect of aging was to increase response caution, and had inconsistent effects on drift rate and nondecision time across patients and controls. The results reveal that psychosis and aging influenced performance in different ways, suggesting that the processing-speed impairment in psychosis is more than just accelerated aging. This study also demonstrates the potential utility of computational models and Bayesian inference for finely mapping the contributions of cognitive functions on simple neurocognitive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Mathias
- Neurocognition, Neurocomputation and Neurogenetics (n3) Division, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Room 694, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Neurocognition, Neurocomputation and Neurogenetics (n3) Division, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Room 694, New Haven, CT 06511;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
| | - Jennifer Barrett
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
| | - Olivia Leach
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
| | | | - Tamara Beetham
- Neurocognition, Neurocomputation and Neurogenetics (n3) Division, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Room 694, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX
| | | | - David. C. Glahn
- Neurocognition, Neurocomputation and Neurogenetics (n3) Division, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Room 694, New Haven, CT 06511;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
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Knowles EEM, Huynh K, Meikle PJ, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Mathias SR, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Blangero J, Curran JE, Glahn DC. The lipidome in major depressive disorder: Shared genetic influence for ether-phosphatidylcholines, a plasma-based phenotype related to inflammation, and disease risk. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 43:44-50. [PMID: 28365467 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lipidome is rapidly garnering interest in the field of psychiatry. Recent studies have implicated lipidomic changes across numerous psychiatric disorders. In particular, there is growing evidence that the concentrations of several classes of lipids are altered in those diagnosed with MDD. However, for lipidomic abnormalities to be considered potential treatment targets for MDD (rather than secondary manifestations of the disease), a shared etiology between lipid concentrations and MDD should be demonstrated. METHODS In a sample of 567 individuals from 37 extended pedigrees (average size 13.57 people, range=3-80), we used mass spectrometry lipidomic measures to evaluate the genetic overlap between twenty-three biologically distinct lipid classes and a dimensional scale of MDD. RESULTS We found that the lipid class with the largest endophenotype ranking value (ERV, a standardized parametric measure of pleiotropy) were ether-phosphodatidylcholines (alkylphosphatidylcholine, PC(O) and alkenylphosphatidylcholine, PC(P) subclasses). Furthermore, we examined the cluster structure of the twenty-five species within the top-ranked lipid class, and the relationship of those clusters with MDD. This analysis revealed that species containing arachidonic acid generally exhibited the greatest degree of genetic overlap with MDD. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate a shared genetic etiology between MDD and ether-phosphatidylcholine species containing arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid that is a precursor to inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins. The study highlights the potential utility of the well-characterized linoleic/arachidonic acid inflammation pathway as a diagnostic marker and/or treatment target for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - K Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - R L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - L Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - J Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - J E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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Hodgson K, Almasy L, Knowles EEM, Kent JW, Curran JE, Dyer TD, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Woolsey MD, Duggirala R, Fox PT, Blangero J, Glahn DC. The genetic basis of the comorbidity between cannabis use and major depression. Addiction 2017; 112:113-123. [PMID: 27517884 PMCID: PMC5148647 DOI: 10.1111/add.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS While the prevalence of major depression is elevated among cannabis users, the role of genetics in this pattern of comorbidity is not clear. This study aimed to estimate the heritability of cannabis use and major depression, quantify the genetic overlap between these two traits and localize regions of the genome that segregate in families with cannabis use and major depression. DESIGN Family-based univariate and bivariate genetic analysis. SETTING San Antonio, Texas, USA. PARTICIPANTS Genetics of Brain Structure and Function study (GOBS) participants: 1284 Mexican Americans from 75 large multi-generation families and an additional 57 genetically unrelated spouses. MEASUREMENTS Phenotypes of life-time history of cannabis use and major depression, measured using the semistructured MINI-Plus interview. Genotypes measured using ~1 M single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on Illumina BeadChips. A subselection of these SNPs were used to build multi-point identity-by-descent matrices for linkage analysis. FINDINGS Both cannabis use [h2 = 0.614, P = 1.00 × 10-6 , standard error (SE) = 0.151] and major depression (h2 = 0.349, P = 1.06 × 10-5 , SE = 0.100) are heritable traits, and there is significant genetic correlation between the two (ρg = 0.424, P = 0.0364, SE = 0.195). Genome-wide linkage scans identify a significant univariate linkage peak for major depression on chromosome 22 [logarithm of the odds (LOD) = 3.144 at 2 centimorgans (cM)], with a suggestive peak for cannabis use on chromosome 21 (LOD = 2.123 at 37 cM). A significant pleiotropic linkage peak influencing both cannabis use and major depression was identified on chromosome 11 using a bivariate model (LOD = 3.229 at 112 cM). Follow-up of this pleiotropic signal identified a SNP 20 kb upstream of NCAM1 (rs7932341) that shows significant bivariate association (P = 3.10 × 10-5 ). However, this SNP is rare (seven minor allele carriers) and does not drive the linkage signal observed. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a significant genetic overlap between cannabis use and major depression among Mexican Americans, a pleiotropy that appears to be localized to a region on chromosome 11q23 that has been linked previously to these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hodgson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Correspondence to Karen Hodgson Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jack W. Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Thomas D. Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Mary D. Woolsey
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, South Texas Veterans Health System, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, TX
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
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Hodgson K, Almasy L, Knowles EEM, Kent JW, Curran JE, Dyer TD, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Fox PT, Pearlson GD, Krystal JH, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Genome-wide significant loci for addiction and anxiety. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 36:47-54. [PMID: 27318301 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric comorbidity is common among individuals with addictive disorders, with patients frequently suffering from anxiety disorders. While the genetic architecture of comorbid addictive and anxiety disorders remains unclear, elucidating the genes involved could provide important insights into the underlying etiology. METHODS Here we examine a sample of 1284 Mexican-Americans from randomly selected extended pedigrees. Variance decomposition methods were used to examine the role of genetics in addiction phenotypes (lifetime history of alcohol dependence, drug dependence or chronic smoking) and various forms of clinically relevant anxiety. Genome-wide univariate and bivariate linkage scans were conducted to localize the chromosomal regions influencing these traits. RESULTS Addiction phenotypes and anxiety were shown to be heritable and univariate genome-wide linkage scans revealed significant quantitative trait loci for drug dependence (14q13.2-q21.2, LOD=3.322) and a broad anxiety phenotype (12q24.32-q24.33, LOD=2.918). Significant positive genetic correlations were observed between anxiety and each of the addiction subtypes (ρg=0.550-0.655) and further investigation with bivariate linkage analyses identified significant pleiotropic signals for alcohol dependence-anxiety (9q33.1-q33.2, LOD=3.054) and drug dependence-anxiety (18p11.23-p11.22, LOD=3.425). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the shared genetic underpinnings of addiction and anxiety and identifies genomic loci involved in the etiology of these comorbid disorders. The linkage signal for anxiety on 12q24 spans the location of TMEM132D, an emerging gene of interest from previous GWAS of anxiety traits, whilst the bivariate linkage signal identified for anxiety-alcohol on 9q33 peak coincides with a region where rare CNVs have been associated with psychiatric disorders. Other signals identified implicate novel regions of the genome in addiction genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hodgson
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - L Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - E E M Knowles
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - T D Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - H H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - R L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - P T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health System, 7400, Merton Minter, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - G D Pearlson
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J H Krystal
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Psychiatry Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - J Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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26
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Howrigan DP, Simonson MA, Davies G, Harris SE, Tenesa A, Starr JM, Liewald DC, Deary IJ, McRae A, Wright MJ, Montgomery GW, Hansell N, Martin NG, Payton A, Horan M, Ollier WE, Abdellaoui A, Boomsma DI, DeRosse P, Knowles EEM, Glahn DC, Djurovic S, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Christoforou A, Steen VM, Hellard SL, Sundet K, Reinvang I, Espeseth T, Lundervold AJ, Giegling I, Konte B, Hartmann AM, Rujescu D, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Bitsios P, Donohoe G, Corley RP, Visscher PM, Pendleton N, Malhotra AK, Neale BM, Lencz T, Keller MC. Genome-wide autozygosity is associated with lower general cognitive ability. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:837-43. [PMID: 26390830 PMCID: PMC4803638 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression refers to lower fitness among offspring of genetic relatives. This reduced fitness is caused by the inheritance of two identical chromosomal segments (autozygosity) across the genome, which may expose the effects of (partially) recessive deleterious mutations. Even among outbred populations, autozygosity can occur to varying degrees due to cryptic relatedness between parents. Using dense genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we examined the degree to which autozygosity associated with measured cognitive ability in an unselected sample of 4854 participants of European ancestry. We used runs of homozygosity-multiple homozygous SNPs in a row-to estimate autozygous tracts across the genome. We found that increased levels of autozygosity predicted lower general cognitive ability, and estimate a drop of 0.6 s.d. among the offspring of first cousins (P=0.003-0.02 depending on the model). This effect came predominantly from long and rare autozygous tracts, which theory predicts as more likely to be deleterious than short and common tracts. Association mapping of autozygous tracts did not reveal any specific regions that were predictive beyond chance after correcting for multiple testing genome wide. The observed effect size is consistent with studies of cognitive decline among offspring of known consanguineous relationships. These findings suggest a role for multiple recessive or partially recessive alleles in general cognitive ability, and that alleles decreasing general cognitive ability have been selected against over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M A Simonson
- Division of Data Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Tenesa
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A McRae
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N Hansell
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Horan
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - W E Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - E E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Djurovic
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Christoforou
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - V M Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S L Hellard
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Sundet
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A J Lundervold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - B Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - A M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - P Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Bronx, NY, USA
| | - S Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - K E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computational Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science at FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - G Donohoe
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - R P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P M Visscher
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N Pendleton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - B M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - M C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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27
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Knowles EEM, Kent JW, McKay DR, Sprooten E, Mathias SR, Curran JE, Carless MA, de Almeida MAA, Harald HHG, Dyer TD, Olvera RL, Fox PT, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Genome-wide linkage on chromosome 10q26 for a dimensional scale of major depression. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:123-31. [PMID: 26655122 PMCID: PMC4715913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and potentially life-threatening mood disorder. Identifying genetic markers for depression might provide reliable indicators of depression risk, which would, in turn, substantially improve detection, enabling earlier and more effective treatment. The aim of this study was to identify rare variants for depression, modeled as a continuous trait, using linkage and post-hoc association analysis. The sample comprised 1221 Mexican-American individuals from extended pedigrees. A single dimensional scale of MDD was derived using confirmatory factor analysis applied to all items from the Past Major Depressive Episode section of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Scores on this scale of depression were subjected to linkage analysis followed by QTL region-specific association analysis. Linkage analysis revealed a single genome-wide significant QTL (LOD=3.43) on 10q26.13, QTL-specific association analysis conducted in the entire sample revealed a suggestive variant within an intron of the gene LHPP (rs11245316, p=7.8×10(-04); LD-adjusted Bonferroni-corrected p=8.6×10(-05)). This region of the genome has previously been implicated in the etiology of MDD; the present study extends our understanding of the involvement of this region by highlighting a putative gene of interest (LHPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Melanie A Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcio A A de Almeida
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - H H Goring Harald
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Tom D Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States; South Texas Veterans' Healthcare System, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio & University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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Glahn DC, Knowles EEM, Pearlson GD. Genetics of cognitive control: Implications for Nimh's research domain criteria initiative. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:111-20. [PMID: 26768522 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control refers to a set of mental processes that modulate other cognitive and emotional systems in service of goal-directed adaptive behavior. There is growing support for the notion that cognitive control abnormalities are a central component of many of the neuropsychological deficits observed in individuals with mental illnesses, particularly those with psychotic disorders. NIMH's research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative, which is designed to develop biologically informed constructs to better understand psychopathology, designated cognitive control a construct within the cognitive systems domain. Identification of genes that influence cognitive control or its supportive brain systems will improve our understating of the RDoC construct and provide candidate genes for psychotic disorders. We examine evidence for cognitive control deficits in psychosis, determine if these measures could be useful endophenotypes, and explore work linking genetic variation to cognitive control performance. While there is a wealth of evidence to support the notion the cognitive control is a valid endophenotype for psychosis, its genetic underpinning remains ill characterized. However, existing work provides a promising foundation on which future endeavors might build. Confirming existing individual gene associations will go some way to expanding our understanding of the genetics of cognitive control, and by extension, psychotic disorders. Yet, to truly understand the molecular underpinnings of such complex traits, it may be necessary to evaluate genes in tandem, focusing not on single genes but rather on empirically derived gene sets or on functionally defined networks of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Knowles EEM, Weiser M, David AS, Glahn D, Davidson M, Reichenberg A. The puzzle of processing speed, memory, and executive function impairments in schizophrenia: fitting the pieces together. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:786-93. [PMID: 25863361 PMCID: PMC4547909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial impairment in performance on the digit-symbol substitution task in patients with schizophrenia is well established, which has been widely interpreted as denoting a specific impairment in processing speed. However, other higher order cognitive functions might be more critical to performance on this task. To date, this idea has not been rigorously investigated in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Neuropsychological measures of processing speed, memory, and executive functioning were completed by 125 patients with schizophrenia and 272 control subjects. We implemented a series of confirmatory factor and structural regression modeling to build an integrated model of processing speed, memory, and executive function with which to deconstruct the digit-symbol substitution task and characterize discrepancies between patients with schizophrenia and control subjects. RESULTS The overall structure of the processing speed, memory, and executive function model was the same across groups (χ(2) = 208.86, p > .05), but the contribution of the specific cognitive domains to coding task performance differed significantly. When completing the task, control subjects relied on executive function and, indirectly, on working memory ability, whereas patients with schizophrenia used an alternative set of cognitive operations whereby they relied on the same processes required to complete verbal fluency tasks. CONCLUSIONS Successful coding task performance relies predominantly on executive function, rather than processing speed or memory. Patients with schizophrenia perform poorly on this task because of an apparent lack of appropriate executive function input; they rely instead on an alternative cognitive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Mark Weiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Anthony S. David
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK Psychiatry, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - David Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Michael Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, and Friedman Brain Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Kent JW, McKay DR, Curran JE, de Almeida MAA, Dyer TD, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Duggirala R, Fox PT, Almasy L, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Recurrent major depression and right hippocampal volume: A bivariate linkage and association study. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:191-202. [PMID: 26485182 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the hippocampus is smaller in the brains of individuals suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) than those of healthy controls. Moreover, right hippocampal volume specifically has been found to predict the probability of subsequent depressive episodes. This study explored the utility of right hippocampal volume as an endophenotype of recurrent MDD (rMDD). We observed a significant genetic correlation between the two traits in a large sample of Mexican American individuals from extended pedigrees (ρg = -0.34, p = 0.013). A bivariate linkage scan revealed a significant pleiotropic quantitative trait locus on chromosome 18p11.31-32 (LOD = 3.61). Bivariate association analysis conducted under the linkage peak revealed a variant (rs574972) within an intron of the gene SMCHD1 meeting the corrected significance level (χ(2) = 19.0, p = 7.4 × 10(-5)). Univariate association analyses of each phenotype separately revealed that the same variant was significant for right hippocampal volume alone, and also revealed a suggestively significant variant (rs12455524) within the gene DLGAP1 for rMDD alone. The results implicate right-hemisphere hippocampal volume as a possible endophenotype of rMDD, and in so doing highlight a potential gene of interest for rMDD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - D Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Marcio A A de Almeida
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Harald H H Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,South Texas Veterans Health System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
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Knowles EEM, McKay DR, Kent JW, Sprooten E, Carless MA, Curran JE, de Almeida MAA, Dyer TD, Göring HHH, Olvera R, Duggirala R, Fox P, Almasy L, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Pleiotropic locus for emotion recognition and amygdala volume identified using univariate and bivariate linkage. Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172:190-9. [PMID: 25322361 PMCID: PMC4314438 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of the amygdala in emotion recognition is well established, and amygdala volume and emotion recognition performance have each been shown separately to be highly heritable traits, but the potential role of common genetic influences on both traits has not been explored. The authors investigated the pleiotropic influences of amygdala volume and emotion recognition performance. METHOD In a sample of randomly selected extended pedigrees (N=858), the authors used a combination of univariate and bivariate linkage to investigate pleiotropy between amygdala volume and emotion recognition performance and followed up with association analysis. RESULTS The authors found a pleiotropic region for amygdala volume and emotion recognition performance on chromosome 4q26 (LOD score=4.40). Association analysis conducted in the region underlying the bivariate linkage peak revealed a variant meeting the corrected significance level (Bonferroni-corrected p=5.01×10(-5)) within an intron of PDE5A (rs2622497, p=4.4×10(-5)) as being jointly influential on both traits. PDE5A has been implicated previously in recognition-memory deficits and is expressed in subcortical structures that are thought to underlie memory ability, including the amygdala. CONCLUSIONS This study extends our understanding of the shared etiology between the amygdala and emotion recognition by showing that the overlap between amygdala volume and emotion recognition performance is due at least in part to common genetic influences. Moreover, this study identifies a pleiotropic locus for the two traits and an associated variant, which localizes the genetic signal even more precisely. These results, when taken in the context of previous research, highlight the potential utility of PDE5 inhibitors for ameliorating emotion recognition deficits in individuals suffering from mental or neurodegenerative illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - D. Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Jack W. Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Melanie A. Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Thomas D. Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rene Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas,South Texas Veterans Health System, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - David. C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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McKay DR, Knowles EEM, Winkler AAM, Sprooten E, Kochunov P, Olvera RL, Curran JE, Kent JW, Carless MA, Göring HHH, Dyer TD, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Fox PT, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Influence of age, sex and genetic factors on the human brain. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 8:143-52. [PMID: 24297733 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report effects of age, age(2), sex and additive genetic factors on variability in gray matter thickness, surface area and white matter integrity in 1,010 subjects from the Genetics of Brain Structure and Function Study. Age was more strongly associated with gray matter thickness and fractional anisotropy of water diffusion in white matter tracts, while sex was more strongly associated with gray matter surface area. Widespread heritability of neuroanatomic traits was observed, suggesting that brain structure is under strong genetic control. Furthermore, our findings indicate that neuroimaging-based measurements of cerebral variability are sensitive to genetic mediation. Fundamental studies of genetic influence on the brain will help inform gene discovery initiatives in both clinical and normative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA,
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Abstract
Working memory, a theoretical construct from the field of cognitive psychology, is crucial to everyday life. It refers to the ability to temporarily store and manipulate task-relevant information. The identification of genes for working memory might shed light on the molecular mechanisms of this important cognitive ability and-given the genetic overlap between, for example, schizophrenia risk and working-memory ability-might also reveal important candidate genes for psychiatric illness. A number of genome-wide searches for genes that influence working memory have been conducted in recent years. Interestingly, the results of those searches converge on the mediating role of neuronal excitability in working-memory performance, such that the role of each gene highlighted by genome-wide methods plays a part in ion channel formation and/or dopaminergic signaling in the brain, with either direct or indirect influence on dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex. This result dovetails with animal models of working memory that highlight the role of dynamic network connectivity, as mediated by dopaminergic signaling, in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Future work, which aims to characterize functional variants influencing working-memory ability, might choose to focus on those genes highlighted in the present review and also those networks in which the genes fall. Confirming gene associations and highlighting functional characterization of those associations might have implications for the understanding of normal variation in working-memory ability and also for the development of drugs for mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - S R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - D R McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - E Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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Knowles EEM, Carless MA, de Almeida MAA, Curran JE, McKay DR, Sprooten E, Dyer TD, Göring HH, Olvera R, Fox P, Almasy L, Duggirala R, Kent JW, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Genome-wide significant localization for working and spatial memory: Identifying genes for psychosis using models of cognition. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:84-95. [PMID: 24243780 PMCID: PMC4106137 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that risk for developing psychosis is largely mediated by the influence of genes, but identifying precisely which genes underlie that risk has been problematic. Focusing on endophenotypes, rather than illness risk, is one solution to this problem. Impaired cognition is a well-established endophenotype of psychosis. Here we aimed to characterize the genetic architecture of cognition using phenotypically detailed models as opposed to relying on general IQ or individual neuropsychological measures. In so doing we hoped to identify genes that mediate cognitive ability, which might also contribute to psychosis risk. Hierarchical factor models of genetically clustered cognitive traits were subjected to linkage analysis followed by QTL region-specific association analyses in a sample of 1,269 Mexican American individuals from extended pedigrees. We identified four genome wide significant QTLs, two for working and two for spatial memory, and a number of plausible and interesting candidate genes. The creation of detailed models of cognition seemingly enhanced the power to detect genetic effects on cognition and provided a number of possible candidate genes for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Melanie A. Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - D. Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Thomas D. Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Harald H. Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rene Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jack W. Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - David. C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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Carmiol N, Peralta JM, Almasy L, Contreras J, Pacheco A, Escamilla MA, Knowles EEM, Raventós H, Glahn DC. Shared genetic factors influence risk for bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2013; 29:282-7. [PMID: 24321773 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a high rate of comorbidity, more than 50% of individuals with bipolar disorder also receive a diagnosis of AUD in their lifetimes. Although both disorders are heritable, it is unclear if the same genetic factors mediate risk for bipolar disorder and AUD. We examined 733 Costa Rican individuals from 61 bipolar pedigrees. Based on a best estimate process, 32% of the sample met criteria for bipolar disorder, 17% had a lifetime AUD diagnosis, 32% met criteria for lifetime nicotine dependence, and 21% had an anxiety disorder. AUD, nicotine dependence and anxiety disorders were relatively more common among individuals with bipolar disorder than in their non-bipolar relatives. All illnesses were shown to be heritable and bipolar disorder was genetically correlated with AUD, nicotine dependence and anxiety disorders. The genetic correlation between bipolar and AUD remained when controlling for anxiety, suggesting that unique genetic factors influence the risk for comorbid bipolar and AUD independent of anxiety. Our findings provide evidence for shared genetic effects on bipolar disorder and AUD risk. Demonstrating that common genetic factors influence these independent diagnostic constructs could help to refine our diagnostic nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Carmiol
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - J M Peralta
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - L Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - A Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - M A Escamilla
- Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - E E M Knowles
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H Raventós
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - D C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent meta-analysis identified processing speed inefficiency as the largest single cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. However, the effect of potential moderator variables, such as medication status and severity of illness, remained unclear. The authors present an extended meta-analysis of processing speed and other specific cognitive functions in schizophrenia and examine the role of potential moderator variables. METHOD In addition to the studies identified in the original analysis, subsequently published articles were identified via systematic searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO for the period from May 2006 to January 2009. The authors extracted data for potential moderator variables, including publication year; severity of illness; chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose; and mean IQ, mean age, and sample size for each study. Effect sizes were calculated for all measures, and meta-influence and homogeneity analyses were conducted. RESULTS Eleven studies were added to the original analysis, increasing the schizophrenia sample size from 1,915 to 4,135. The largest effect size was for coding tasks (g=-1.50), followed by category fluency (g=-1.31). However, for coding tasks, variation in effect size magnitude attributable to heterogeneity was substantial. Metaregression analyses indicated that three moderator variables were related to coding task effect size: publication year, IQ difference from comparison subjects, and chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose. There was a difference of 0.8 effect size units between studies with low compared with high chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose. No significant relationships were found between any moderators and the other cognitive tasks included in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The processing speed impairment in schizophrenia is substantially affected by several moderating factors, in particular antipsychotic medication dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK.
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