1
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Fiorentino F, Fabbrizi E, Mai A, Rotili D. Activation and inhibition of sirtuins: From bench to bedside. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39215785 DOI: 10.1002/med.22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The sirtuin family comprises seven NAD+-dependent enzymes which catalyze protein lysine deacylation and mono ADP-ribosylation. Sirtuins act as central regulators of genomic stability and gene expression and control key processes, including energetic metabolism, cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, and aging. As a result, all sirtuins play critical roles in cellular homeostasis and organism wellness, and their dysregulation has been linked to metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Furthermore, sirtuins have shown dichotomous roles in cancer, acting as context-dependent tumor suppressors or promoters. Given their central role in different cellular processes, sirtuins have attracted increasing research interest aimed at developing both activators and inhibitors. Indeed, sirtuin modulation may have therapeutic effects in many age-related diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Moreover, isoform selective modulators may increase our knowledge of sirtuin biology and aid to develop better therapies. Through this review, we provide critical insights into sirtuin pharmacology and illustrate their enzymatic activities and biological functions. Furthermore, we outline the most relevant sirtuin modulators in terms of their modes of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Fabbrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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2
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Scarano N, Brullo C, Musumeci F, Millo E, Bruzzone S, Schenone S, Cichero E. Recent Advances in the Discovery of SIRT1/2 Inhibitors via Computational Methods: A Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:601. [PMID: 38794171 PMCID: PMC11123952 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are classified as class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), a family of enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from the ε-N-acetyl lysine residues of histone proteins, thus counteracting the activity performed by histone acetyltransferares (HATs). Based on their involvement in different biological pathways, ranging from transcription to metabolism and genome stability, SIRT dysregulation was investigated in many diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. The elucidation of a consistent number of SIRT-ligand complexes helped to steer the identification of novel and more selective modulators. Due to the high diversity and quantity of the structural data thus far available, we reviewed some of the different ligands and structure-based methods that have recently been used to identify new promising SIRT1/2 modulators. The present review is structured into two sections: the first includes a comprehensive perspective of the successful computational approaches related to the discovery of SIRT1/2 inhibitors (SIRTIs); the second section deals with the most interesting SIRTIs that have recently appeared in the literature (from 2017). The data reported here are collected from different databases (SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed) using "SIRT", "sirtuin", and "sirtuin inhibitors" as keywords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Scarano
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
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3
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Fabbrizi E, Fiorentino F, Carafa V, Altucci L, Mai A, Rotili D. Emerging Roles of SIRT5 in Metabolism, Cancer, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060852. [PMID: 36980194 PMCID: PMC10047932 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a predominantly mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the removal of glutaryl, succinyl, malonyl, and acetyl groups from lysine residues through a NAD+-dependent deacylase mechanism. SIRT5 is an important regulator of cellular homeostasis and modulates the activity of proteins involved in different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain, generation of ketone bodies, nitrogenous waste management, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. SIRT5 controls a wide range of aspects of myocardial energy metabolism and plays critical roles in heart physiology and stress responses. Moreover, SIRT5 has a protective function in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, while it acts as a context-dependent tumor promoter or suppressor. In addition, current research has demonstrated that SIRT5 is implicated in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, although opposing conclusions have been drawn in different studies. Here, we review the current knowledge on SIRT5 molecular actions under both healthy and diseased settings, as well as its functional effects on metabolic targets. Finally, we revise the potential of SIRT5 as a therapeutic target and provide an overview of the currently reported SIRT5 modulators, which include both activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Fabbrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- IEOS—Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0649913392 (A.M.); +39-0649913237 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0649693268 (A.M.)
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0649913392 (A.M.); +39-0649913237 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0649693268 (A.M.)
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4
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Kondabanthini S, Akshinthala P, Katari NK, Srimannarayana M, Gundla R, Kapavarapu R, Pal M. A rapid synthesis of 5-substituted 7-amino-6-cyano-1,5-dihydro-1H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-diones and their in silico / evaluation against SIRT1. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Abdelazeem NM, El-Hussieny M, El-Rashedy AA, Elsayed GH. Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzochromenopyrimidines via Silica Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Reaction on Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2150237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa M. Abdelazeem
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Hussieny
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Rashedy
- Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada H. Elsayed
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Elattar KM, El-Khateeb AY, Hamed SE. Insights into the recent progress in the medicinal chemistry of pyranopyrimidine analogs. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:522-567. [PMID: 35694689 PMCID: PMC9133730 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocycles containing the pyranopyrimidine motif have attracted the interest of researchers in recent decades due to their ability to synthesize and explore at a large scale to explore the biological diversity. Therefore, this review highlights the biological characteristics and synthetic approaches adopted to prepare pyranopyrimidine analogs in the last five years. Several novel preparation procedures have been summarized to synthesize these compounds using ionic, basic, or nanocatalysts or catalyst-free conditions to obtain these compounds in good yields. Pyranopyrimidines could also be used as ligands in the preparation of metal complexes with increased biological potency. The different sections include the antimicrobial, antitubercular, antimalarial, antiviral "SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors", antidiabetic, antitumor, cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, urease inhibitory activities, and tyrosine inhibitors. The results are discussed based on the structure-activity relationships (SARs) and the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
| | - Ayman Y El-Khateeb
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Sahar E Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University Damietta 22052 Egypt
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7
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Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase and mono-ADP ribosylases present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The sirtuin family comprises seven isoforms in mammals, each possessing different subcellular localization and biological functions. Sirtuins have received increasing attention in the past two decades given their pivotal functions in a variety of biological contexts, including cytodifferentiation, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, inflammation, metabolism, neurological and cardiovascular physiology and cancer. Consequently, modulation of sirtuin activity has been regarded as a promising therapeutic option for many pathologies. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of sirtuin biology and pharmacology. We examine the main features of the most relevant inhibitors and activators, analyzing their structure-activity relationships, applications in biology, and therapeutic potential.
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El-Khateeb AY, Hamed SE, Elattar KM. Recent advancements in the multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles integrated with a pyrano[2,3- d]pyrimidine core. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11808-11842. [PMID: 35481073 PMCID: PMC9016802 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00927g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds incorporated with a pyranopyrimidine skeleton have received substantial consideration owing to their privileged, and intelligible biodiversity. Accordingly, this review highlights the multicomponent synthetic routes adopted to prepare heterocyclic compounds incorporated with the pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton in the preceding two years. The different sections comprise the synthesis of bicyclic, tricyclic, polycyclic, and spirocyclic systems along with the estimation of the probable mechanistic routes for the reaction pathways. Commonly, the pyran ring closure was the major idea of most studies, and the mechanistic pathways of these reactions involved Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, and intramolecular cyclocondensation. Besides, the significant biological potency of the compounds recently synthesized from multicomponent reactions is deliberated. The present review highlighted the recent developments of the multicomponent synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton applying the diverse strategies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Y. El-Khateeb
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Sahar E. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, 22052, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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9
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Tantawy AH, Meng XG, Marzouk AA, Fouad A, Abdelazeem AH, Youssif BGM, Jiang H, Wang MQ. Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel piperine-resveratrol hybrids as antiproliferative agents targeting SIRT-2. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25738-25751. [PMID: 35478872 PMCID: PMC9037111 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel piperine–resveratrol hybrids 5a–h was designed, synthesized, and structurally elucidated by IR, and 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR. Antiproliferative activities of 5a–h were evaluated by NCI against sixty cancer cell lines. Compound 5b, possessing resveratrol pharmacophoric phenolic moieties, showed a complete cell death against leukemia HL-60 (TB) and Breast cancer MDA-MB-468 with growth inhibition percentage of −0.49 and −2.83, respectively. In addition, 5b recorded significant activity against the other cancer cell lines with growth inhibition percentage between 80 to 95. New 5a–h hybrids were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against Sirt-1 and Sirt-2 as molecular targets for their antiproliferative action. Results showed that compounds 5a–h were more potent inhibitors of Sirt-2 than Sirt-1 at 5 μm and 50 μm. Compound 5b showed the strongest inhibition of Sirt-2 (78 ± 3% and 26 ± 3% inhibition at 50 μM and 5 μM, respectively). Investigation of intermolecular interaction via Hirschfeld surface analysis indicates that these close contacts are mainly ascribed to the O–H⋯O hydrogen bonding. To get insights into the Sirt-2 inhibitory mechanism, a docking study was performed where 5b was found to fit nicely inside both extended C-pocket and selectivity pocket and could compete with the substrate acyl-Lys. Another possible binding pattern showed that 5b could act by partial occlusion of the NAD+ C-pocket. Collectively, these findings would contribute significantly to better understanding the Sirt-2 inhibitory mechanism in order to develop a new generation of refined and selective Sirt-2 inhibitors. A series of novel piperine–resveratrol hybrids 5a–h was designed, synthesized, and structurally elucidated by IR, and 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Tantawy
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China .,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China .,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Benha University Benha 13518 Egypt
| | - Xiang-Gao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Assiut Branch Assiut 71524 Egypt
| | - Ali Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Assiut Branch Assiut 71524 Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazeem
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University Riyadh 11681 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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10
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Broussy S, Laaroussi H, Vidal M. Biochemical mechanism and biological effects of the inhibition of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) by EX-527 (SEN0014196 or selisistat). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1124-1136. [PMID: 32366137 PMCID: PMC7241506 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1758691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human sirtuin silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase enzyme. It deacetylates many protein substrates, including histones and transcription factors, thereby controlling many physiological and pathological processes. Several synthetic inhibitors and activators of SIRT1 have been developed, and some therapeutic applications have been explored. The indole EX-527 and its derivatives are among the most potent and selective SIRT1 inhibitors. EX-527 has been often used as a pharmacological tool to explore the effect of SIRT1 inhibition in various cell types. Its therapeutic potential has, therefore, been evaluated in animal models for several pathologies, including cancer. It has also been tested in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of Huntington’s disease (HD). In this review, we will provide an overview of the literature on EX-527, including its mechanism of inhibition and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Broussy
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Hanna Laaroussi
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidal
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, Paris, France.,Service biologie du médicament, toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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11
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Rasha F, Mims BM, Castro-Piedras I, Barnes BJ, Grisham MB, Rahman RL, Pruitt K. The Versatility of Sirtuin-1 in Endocrinology and Immunology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:589016. [PMID: 33330467 PMCID: PMC7717970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.589016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins belong to the class III family of NAD-dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) and are involved in diverse physiological processes that range from regulation of metabolism and endocrine function to coordination of immunity and cellular responses to stress. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is the most well-studied family member and has been shown to be critically involved in epigenetics, immunology, and endocrinology. The versatile roles of SIRT1 include regulation of energy sensing metabolic homeostasis, deacetylation of histone and non-histone proteins in numerous tissues, neuro-endocrine regulation via stimulation of hypothalamus-pituitary axes, synthesis and maintenance of reproductive hormones via steroidogenesis, maintenance of innate and adaptive immune system via regulation of T- and B-cell maturation, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, SIRT1 is an appealing target in various disease contexts due to the promise of pharmacological and/or natural modulators of SIRT1 activity within the context of endocrine and immune-related disease models. In this review we aim to provide a broad overview on the role of SIRT1 particularly within the context of endocrinology and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Brianyell McDaniel Mims
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Isabel Castro-Piedras
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Laboratory of Autoimmune and Cancer Research, Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Matthew B. Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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12
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Klein MA, Denu JM. Biological and catalytic functions of sirtuin 6 as targets for small-molecule modulators. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11021-11041. [PMID: 32518153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a nuclear NAD+-dependent deacetylase of histone H3 that regulates genome stability and gene expression. However, nonhistone substrates and additional catalytic activities of SIRT6, including long-chain deacylation and mono-ADP-ribosylation of other proteins, have also been reported, but many of these noncanonical roles remain enigmatic. Genetic studies have revealed critical homeostatic cellular functions of SIRT6, underscoring the need to better understand which catalytic functions and molecular pathways are driving SIRT6-associated phenotypes. At the physiological level, SIRT6 activity promotes increased longevity by regulating metabolism and DNA repair. Recent work has identified natural products and synthetic small molecules capable of activating the inefficient in vitro deacetylase activity of SIRT6. Here, we discuss the cellular functions of SIRT6 with a focus on attributing its catalytic activity to its proposed biological functions. We cover the molecular architecture and catalytic mechanisms that distinguish SIRT6 from other NAD+-dependent deacylases. We propose that combining specific SIRT6 amino acid substitutions identified in enzymology studies and activity-selective compounds could help delineate SIRT6 functions in specific biological contexts and resolve the apparently conflicting roles of SIRT6 in processes such as tumor development. We further highlight the recent development of small-molecule modulators that provide additional biological insight into SIRT6 functions and offer therapeutic approaches to manage metabolic and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Klein
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John M Denu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA .,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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13
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Sinha S, Sharma S, Vora J, Shrivastava N. Emerging role of sirtuins in breast cancer metastasis and multidrug resistance: Implication for novel therapeutic strategies targeting sirtuins. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104880. [PMID: 32442721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs), a class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) that require NAD+ as a cofactor and include SIRT1-7 proteins in mammals. Accumulative evidence has established that every sirtuin possesses exclusive and poised biology, implicating their role in the regulation of multifaceted biological functions leading to breast cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. This article provides an outline of recent developments in the role of sirtuins in breast cancer metastasis and development of multidrug resistance (MDR). In addition, we have also highlighted the impending prospects of targeting SIRTs to overcome MDR to bring advancement in breast cancer management. Further, this review will focus on strategies for improving the activity and efficacy of existing cancer therapeutics by combining (adjuvant treatment/therapy) them with sirtuin inhibitors/modulators. All available as well as newly discovered synthetic and dietary sirtuin inhibitors, activators/modulators have been extensively reviewed and compiled to provide a rationale for targeting sirtuins. Further, we discuss their potential in developing future therapeutics against sirtuins proposing their use along with conventional chemotherapeutics to overcome the problem of breast cancer metastasis and MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Sinha
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India; School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaykant Vora
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India; School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeta Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India.
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14
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Mautone N, Zwergel C, Mai A, Rotili D. Sirtuin modulators: where are we now? A review of patents from 2015 to 2019. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:389-407. [PMID: 32228181 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1749264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, sirtuins (SIRTs) gained an increasing consideration because of their multiple key roles in several biological settings such as the regulation of transcription, energetic metabolism, cell cycle progression, and cytodifferentiation, apoptosis, neuro- and cardio-protection, inflammation, cancer onset and progression. Since there is mounting evidence in favor of potential therapeutic applications of SIRT modulators in various age-related disorders, the search about them is quite active. Areas covered: This review includes the patents regarding SIRT modulators released from 2015 to 2019 and provides an overview of the most relevant SIRT modulators.Expert opinion: Despite the knowledge about this family of broad-spectrum protein lysine deacylases has recently massively increased, there are still open questions, first of all, the exact nature of their involvement in various age-related conditions. The search for isoform-specific SIRT activators and inhibitors is still at its infancy, a limited number of patents describing them has been released, and not many clinical trials are ongoing. However, it is extremely likely that the successes obtained in the structural elucidation and structure-based design approaches that very recently have led to potent and specific SIRT modulators will pave the way for the development of further compounds selective for every single isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mautone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Università della Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Korade SN, Patil JD, Gaikwad DS, Sonawane SA, Vibhute SP, Dige NC, Mhaldar PM, Pore DM. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Aryldiazo Substituted Heterocycles. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1716625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suyog N. Korade
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Nilam C. Dige
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
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Rahmatinejad S, Naeimi H. Crumpled perovskite-type LaMoxFe1-xO3 nanosheets: A reusable catalyst for rapid and green synthesis of naphthopyranopyrimidine derivatives. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Assiri MA. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative (PBA) has been synthesized in order to account for the relationship between chemical structure and charge transport properties. The optical properties of PBA were studied in different solvents; it displays a weak emission profile in polar protic solvents but is highly emissive in polar aprotic solvents. Quantum chemical approaches on this molecule were performed in detail to highlight the importance of and to better understand the structural and electronic effects of introducing substituted pyrimidone rings in a polyaromatic molecule to support the development of new optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. We shed light on the frontier molecular orbital, electron injection, electronic coupling constant, light harvesting efficiency, and photophysical properties of PBA by using density functional theory and time domain density functional theory. The absorption spectra (λa) and fluorescence emission spectra (λf) were computed in different solvents (Methanol, Ethanol, Butanol, Hexane, Chloroform and DMF) at the TD-B3LYP/6-31G** and TD-PBE/6-31G** levels of theory, and it was determined that the TD-B3LYP/6-31G** level is more accurate in the reproduction of experimental λa and λf in various solvents. Furthermore, no significant effect was observed on the λa and λf by changing the solvent polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Sirotkin AV, Adamcova E, Rotili D, Mai A, Mlyncek M, Mansour L, Alwasel S, Harrath AH. Comparison of the effects of synthetic and plant-derived mTOR regulators on healthy human ovarian cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:70-78. [PMID: 30959047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the effects of synthetic and plant-derived mTOR regulators on healthy human ovarian cells. We compared the effect of two synthetic mammalian mTOR blockers MC2141 and MC2183 with that of natural/plant-derived mTOR blocker rapamycin and mTOR activator resveratrol on cultured human ovarian granulosa cells. We evaluated the accumulation of markers for the mTOR system (sirtuin 1; SIRT 1), proliferation (PCNA), and apoptosis (caspase 3) along with the expression of the transcription factor p53 by quantitative immunocytochemistry. It was observed that MC2183 but not MC2141 or rapamycin reduced SIRT 1 accumulation. MC2141, MC2183, and rapamycin inhibited the accumulation of PCNA, caspase 3, and p53. On the contrary, resveratrol promoted the accumulation of SIRT-1, PCNA, caspase 3, and p53. We have demonstrated the involvement of the mTOR system in the regulation of healthy human ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis for the first time and indicated that the action of mTOR regulators on ovarian cell apoptosis can be mediated by p53. We have further shown that mTOR regulators can affect ovarian functions without any changes in SIRT-1 accumulation and that the stimulatory effects of resveratrol on analyzed ovarian cell functions are opposite to the inhibitory effects of rapamycin and synthetic mTOR blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Sirotkin
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia; Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, 949 59, Lužianky, Slovakia; King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Erika Adamcova
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Milos Mlyncek
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia; Faculty Hospital in Nitra, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Bouchut A, Rotili D, Pierrot C, Valente S, Lafitte S, Schultz J, Hoglund U, Mazzone R, Lucidi A, Fabrizi G, Pechalrieu D, Arimondo PB, Skinner-Adams TS, Chua MJ, Andrews KT, Mai A, Khalife J. Identification of novel quinazoline derivatives as potent antiplasmodial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 161:277-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Sirtuin functions and modulation: from chemistry to the clinic. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:61. [PMID: 27226812 PMCID: PMC4879741 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating important metabolic pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are involved in many biological processes such as cell survival, senescence, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction. The seven members of this family of enzymes are considered potential targets for the treatment of human pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Furthermore, recent interest focusing on sirtuin modulators as epigenetic players in the regulation of fundamental biological pathways has prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules able to modify sirtuin activity. Here, we review the role, mechanism of action, and biological function of the seven sirtuins, as well as their inhibitors and activators.
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Kumar A, Chauhan S. How much successful are the medicinal chemists in modulation of SIRT1: A critical review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 119:45-69. [PMID: 27153347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Silent information regulator two homologue one (SIRT1) is the most widely studied member of the sirtuin family related to histone deacetylases class III super-family using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as its cofactor. It is located in the nucleus but also modulates the targets in cytoplasm and mainly acts as transacetylase rather than deacetylase. SIRT1 specifically cleaves the nicotinamide ribosyl bond of NAD(+) and transfers the acetyl group from proteins to their co-substrate through an ADP- ribose-peptidyl imidate intermediate. It has been indicated that SIRT1 and its histone as well as non histone targets are involved in a wide range of biological courses including metabolic diseases, age related diseases, viral infection, inflammation, tumor-cell growth and metastasis. Modulation of SIRT1 expression may present a new insight in the discovery of a number of therapeutics. This review summarizes studies about SIRT1 and mainly focuses on the various modulators of SIRT1 evolved by natural as well as synthetic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India.
| | - Shilpi Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
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22
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Valente S, Mellini P, Spallotta F, Carafa V, Nebbioso A, Polletta L, Carnevale I, Saladini S, Trisciuoglio D, Gabellini C, Tardugno M, Zwergel C, Cencioni C, Atlante S, Moniot S, Steegborn C, Budriesi R, Tafani M, Del Bufalo D, Altucci L, Gaetano C, Mai A. 1,4-Dihydropyridines Active on the SIRT1/AMPK Pathway Ameliorate Skin Repair and Mitochondrial Function and Exhibit Inhibition of Proliferation in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1471-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Valente
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.
le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mellini
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.
le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Division
of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Polletta
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina
Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Carnevale
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina
Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Saladini
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina
Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabellini
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Tardugno
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.
le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.
le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Division
of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Atlante
- Division
of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sébastien Moniot
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth; 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth; 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni
33, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina
Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, IGB, Adriano Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Division
of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.
le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur
Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), neurons and glia are derived from multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) undergoing self-renewal. NSC commitment and differentiation are tightly controlled by intrinsic and external regulatory mechanisms in space- and time-related fashions. SIRT1, a silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) ortholog, is expressed in several areas of the brain and has been reported to be involved in the self-renewal, multipotency, and fate determination of NSCs. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 in the determination of the final fate of NSCs. This review summarizes the roles of SIRT1 in the expansion and differentiation of NSCs, specification of neuronal subtypes and glial cells, and reprogramming of functional neurons from embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. This review also discusses potential signaling pathways through which SIRT1 can exhibit versatile functions in NSCs to regulate the cell fate decisions of neurons and glia.
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Boehmeriasin A as new lead compound for the inhibition of topoisomerases and SIRT2. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:766-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Sirtuins are a class of enzymes with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein lysine deacylase function. By deacylating various substrate proteins, including histones, transcription factors, and metabolic enzymes, sirtuins regulate various biological processes, such as transcription, cell survival, DNA damage and repair, and longevity. Small molecules that can inhibit sirtuins have been developed and many of them have shown anticancer activity. Here, we summarize the major biological findings that connect sirtuins to cancer and the different types of sirtuin inhibitors developed. Interestingly, biological data suggest that sirtuins have both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting roles. However, most pharmacological studies with small-molecule inhibitors suggest that inhibiting sirtuins has anticancer effects. We discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy and suggest possible future directions to further establish sirtuin inhibitors as anticancer agents.
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26
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Mane MM, Pore DM. Sulfamic Acid: Efficient, Cost-Effective Catalyst for Facile Synthesis of Deazaoxaflavin at Ambient Temperature. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.992075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansing M. Mane
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
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27
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Hubbard BP, Sinclair DA. Small molecule SIRT1 activators for the treatment of aging and age-related diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:146-54. [PMID: 24439680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in mice have identified single molecules that can delay multiple diseases of aging and extend lifespan. In theory, such molecules could prevent dozens of diseases simultaneously, potentially extending healthy years of life. In this review, we discuss recent advances, controversies, opportunities, and challenges surrounding the development of SIRT1 activators, molecules with the potential to delay aging and age-related diseases. Sirtuins comprise a family of NAD⁺-dependent deacylases that are central to the body's response to diet and exercise. New studies indicate that both natural and synthetic sirtuin activating compounds (STACs) work via a common allosteric mechanism to stimulate sirtuin activity, thereby conferring broad health benefits in rodents, primates, and possibly humans. The fact that two-thirds of people in the USA who consume multiple dietary supplements consume resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator, underscores the importance of understanding the biochemical mechanism, physiological effects, and safety of STACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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28
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The NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 2 is a suppressor of microglial activation and brain inflammation. EMBO J 2013; 32:2603-16. [PMID: 24013120 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious sustained inflammation mediated by activated microglia is common to most of neurologic disorders. Here, we identified sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), an abundant deacetylase in the brain, as a major inhibitor of microglia-mediated inflammation and neurotoxicity. SIRT2-deficient mice (SIRT2(-/-)) showed morphological changes in microglia and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines upon intracortical injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This response was associated with increased nitrotyrosination and neuronal cell death. Interestingly, manipulation of SIRT2 levels in microglia determined the response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. SIRT2 overexpression inhibited microglia activation in a process dependent on serine 331 (S331) phosphorylation. Conversely, reduction of SIRT2 in microglia dramatically increased the expression of inflammatory markers, the production of free radicals, and neurotoxicity. Consistent with increased NF-κB-dependent transcription of inflammatory genes, NF-κB was found hyperacetylated in the absence of SIRT2, and became hypoacetylated in the presence of S331A mutant SIRT2. This finding indicates that SIRT2 functions as a 'gatekeeper', preventing excessive microglial activation through NF-κB deacetylation. Our data uncover a novel role for SIRT2 opening new perspectives for therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Mellini P, Kokkola T, Suuronen T, Salo HS, Tolvanen L, Mai A, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Jarho EM. Screen of pseudopeptidic inhibitors of human sirtuins 1-3: two lead compounds with antiproliferative effects in cancer cells. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6681-95. [PMID: 23927550 DOI: 10.1021/jm400438k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years sirtuins have gained growing attention for their involvement in many biological processes such as cellular metabolism, apoptosis, aging and inflammation. In this contribution, we report the synthesis of a library of thioacetylated pseudopeptides that were screened against human sirtuins 1-3 to reveal their in vitro inhibition activities. Molecular modeling studies were performed to acquire data about the binding modes of the inhibitors. Three sirtuin inhibitors were subjected to cellular studies, and all of them showed an increase in acetylation of Lys382 of p53 after DNA damage. Furthermore, two of the compounds were able to inhibit both A549 lung carcinoma and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell growth in micromolar concentration with the ability to arrest cancer cell cycle in the G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mellini
- School of Pharmacy and ∥Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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30
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Experimental and theoretical investigations on the tautomerism of 1-phenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid and its methylation reaction. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Rotili D, Tarantino D, Nebbioso A, Paolini C, Huidobro C, Lara E, Mellini P, Lenoci A, Pezzi R, Botta G, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Poso A, Steinkühler C, Gallinari P, De Maria R, Fraga M, Esteller M, Altucci L, Mai A. Discovery of salermide-related sirtuin inhibitors: binding mode studies and antiproliferative effects in cancer cells including cancer stem cells. J Med Chem 2012. [PMID: 23189967 DOI: 10.1021/jm3011614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemical changes performed on 1a (sirtinol) led to a series of SIRT1/2 inhibitors, in some cases more potent than 1a mainly against SIRT1. Tested in human leukemia U937 cells, the benzamide and anilide derivatives 1b, 1c, 2b, and 2c as well as the 4-(2-phenylpropyl)thioanalogue 4c showed huge apoptosis induction, while some sulfinyl and sulfonyl derivatives (5b, 5c, and 6a-c) were highly efficient in granulocytic differentiation. When assayed in human leukemia MOLT4 as well as in human breast MDA-MB-231 and colon RKO cancer cell lines, the anilide 2b (salermide) and the phenylpropylthio analogue 4b emerged as the most potent antiproliferative agents. Tested on colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme cancer stem cells (CSCs) from patients, 2b was particularly potent against colorectal carcinoma CSCs, while 4b, 6a, and the SIRT2-selective inhibitor AGK-2 showed the highest effect against glioblastoma multiforme CSCs. Such compounds will be further explored for their broad-spectrum anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Rotili
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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32
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Carprofen Analogues as Sirtuin Inhibitors: Enzyme and Cellular Studies. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1905-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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33
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Rotili D, Tarantino D, Carafa V, Paolini C, Schemies J, Jung M, Botta G, Di Maro S, Novellino E, Steinkühler C, De Maria R, Gallinari P, Altucci L, Mai A. Benzodeazaoxaflavins as sirtuin inhibitors with antiproliferative properties in cancer stem cells. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8193-7. [PMID: 22931526 DOI: 10.1021/jm301115r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of sirtuins has recently been proposed as a promising anticancer strategy. Some of the new benzodeazaoxaflavins (2a, 2b, and 2d) here reported as SIRT1/2 inhibitors were endowed with pro-apoptotic properties in human U937 leukemia cells and, most importantly, together with the prototype MC2141 (1) displayed antiproliferative effects in cancer stem cells from patients with colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme, known to be highly tumorigenic, resistant to conventional cancer chemotherapy, and responsible, at least in part, for cancer relapse or recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Rotili
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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34
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Mai A. Identification of specific and semi-specific SIRT inhibitors through computer-aided studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 3:819-20. [PMID: 21937768 PMCID: PMC3227446 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Uciechowska U, Schemies J, Scharfe M, Lawson M, Wichapong K, Jung M, Sippl W. Binding free energy calculations and biological testing of novel thiobarbiturates as inhibitors of the human NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase Sirt2. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel thiobarbiturates were identified by virtual screening and MM-PBSA calculation as potent sirtuin inhibitors which represent useful probes for cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Uciechowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - Jörg Schemies
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
- Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Michael Scharfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - Michael Lawson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
- Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle/Saale
- Germany
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Schlicker C, Boanca G, Lakshminarasimhan M, Steegborn C. Structure-based development of novel sirtuin inhibitors. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 3:852-872. [PMID: 21937767 PMCID: PMC3227451 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases regulating metabolism, stress responses, and aging processes. Mammalia possess seven Sirtuin isoforms, Sirt1-7, which differ in their subcellular localization and in the substrate proteins they deacetylate. The physiological roles of Sirtuins and their potential use as therapeutic targets for metabolic and aging-related diseases have spurred interest in the development of small-molecule Sirtuin modulators. Here, we describe an approach exploiting the structures available for four human Sirtuins for the development of isoform-specific inhibitors. Virtual docking of a compound library into the peptide binding pockets of crystal structures of Sirt2, 3, 5 and 6 yielded compounds potentially discriminating between these isoforms. Further characterization in activity assays revealed several inhibitory compounds with little isoform specificity, but also two compounds with micromolar potency and high specificity for Sirt2. Structure comparison and the predicted, shared binding mode of the Sirt2-specific compounds indicate a pocket extending from the peptide-binding groove as target side enabling isoform specificity. Our family-wide structure-based approach thus identified potent, Sirt2-specific inhibitors as well as lead structures and a target site for the development of compounds specific for other Sirtuin isoform, constituting an important step toward the identification of a complete panel of isoform-specific Sirtuin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schlicker
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
- Present address: Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Gina Boanca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Germany
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Rotili D, Carafa V, Tarantino D, Botta G, Nebbioso A, Altucci L, Mai A. Simplification of the tetracyclic SIRT1-selective inhibitor MC2141: Coumarin- and pyrimidine-based SIRT1/2 inhibitors with different selectivity profile. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3659-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mosca L, Rotili D, Tempera I, Masci A, Fontana M, Chiaraluce R, Mastromarino P, d'Erme M, Mai A. Biological Effects of MC2050, a Quinazoline-Based PARP-1 Inhibitor, in Human Neuroblastoma and EBV-Positive Burkitt′s Lymphoma Cells. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:606-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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