1
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Dos Santos B, Piermartiri T, Tasca CI. The impact of purine nucleosides on neuroplasticity in the adult brain. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9. [PMID: 38367178 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the nervous system's ability to adapt and reorganize its cell structures and neuronal networks in response to internal and external stimuli. In adults, this process involves neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic and neurochemical plasticity. Several studies have reported the significant impact of the purinergic system on neuroplasticity modulation. And, there is considerable evidence supporting the role of purine nucleosides, such as adenosine, inosine, and guanosine, in this process. This review presents extensive research on how these nucleosides enhance the neuroplasticity of the adult central nervous system, particularly in response to damage. The mechanisms through which these nucleosides exert their effects involve complex interactions with various receptors and signaling pathways. Adenosine's influence on neurogenesis involves interactions with adenosine receptors, specifically A1R and A2AR. A1R activation appears to inhibit neuronal differentiation and promote astrogliogenesis, while A2AR activation supports neurogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Inosine and guanosine positively impact cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and neuritogenesis. Inosine seems to modulate extracellular adenosine levels, and guanosine might act through interactions between purinergic and glutamatergic systems. Additionally, the review discusses the potential therapeutic implications of purinergic signaling in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, emphasizing the importance of these nucleosides in the neuroplasticity of brain function and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tetsade Piermartiri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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2
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Weese-Myers ME, Cryan MT, Witt CE, Caldwell KCN, Modi B, Ross AE. Dynamic and Rapid Detection of Guanosine during Ischemia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1646-1658. [PMID: 37040534 PMCID: PMC10265669 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanosine acts in both neuroprotective and neurosignaling pathways in the central nervous system; in this paper, we present the first fast voltammetric measurements of endogenous guanosine release during pre- and post-ischemic conditions. We discuss the metric of our measurements via analysis of event concentration, duration, and interevent time of rapid guanosine release. We observe changes across all three metrics from our normoxic to ischemic conditions. Pharmacological studies were performed to confirm that guanosine release is a calcium-dependent process and that the signaling observed is purinergic. Finally, we show the validity of our ischemic model via staining and fluorescent imaging. Overall, this paper sets the tone for rapid monitoring of guanosine and provides a platform to investigate the extent to which guanosine accumulates at the site of brain injury, i.e., ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah E. Weese-Myers
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
- Co-first author
| | - Michael T. Cryan
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
- Co-first author
| | - Colby E. Witt
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
| | - Kaejaren C. N. Caldwell
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
| | - Bindu Modi
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
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3
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Zizzo MG, Cicio A, Serio R. Inhibition of uterine contractility by guanine-based purines in non-pregnant rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:963-972. [PMID: 36542121 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence pointed out that guanine-based purines are able to modulate smooth muscle contractile activity of blood vessels and gastrointestinal tract. Since, so far, possible guanine-based purine modulation of uterine musculature is unknown, the aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro, using organ bath technique, guanosine and guanine effects on spontaneous uterine contraction, and uterine contraction induced by K+-depolarization and oxytocin in a non-pregnant rat. Guanosine, but not guanine, reduced the amplitude of spontaneous contraction of the uterine muscle in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory response was antagonized by S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI), a membrane nucleoside transporter inhibitor, but persisted in the presence of theophylline, a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, or propanolol, β1/β2 adrenoreceptor antagonist or blockers of a nitrergic pathway. In addition, potassium channel blockers did not influence guanosine-induced effects. Guanosine was able to inhibit the external calcium (Ca2+) influx-induced contraction, but it did not affect the contraction induced by high-KCl solution, indicating that guanosine does not interact with L-type voltage-gated calcium channel. Guanosine prevented/reduced uterine contractions induced by oxytocin, even in the absence of external calcium. In conclusion, guanosine is able to reduce both spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions of rat myometrium, likely subsequently to its intracellular intake. The blockade of extracellular Ca2+ influx and reduction of Ca2+ release from the intracellular store are the mechanisms involved in the guanosine-induced tocolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
- ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) Center, Viale Delle Scienze, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Adele Cicio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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4
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Gambino G, Giglia G, Gallo D, Scordino M, Giardina C, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P, Ciruela F, Ferraro G, Mudò G, Sardo P, Di Liberto V. Guanosine modulates K + membrane currents in SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of adenosine receptors. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1133-1145. [PMID: 36048287 PMCID: PMC9560947 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine (GUO), widely considered a key signaling mediator, is implicated in the regulation of several cellular processes. While its interaction with neural membranes has been described, GUO still is an orphan neuromodulator. It has been postulated that GUO may eventually interact with potassium channels and adenosine (ADO) receptors (ARs), both particularly important for the control of cellular excitability. Accordingly, here, we investigated the effects of GUO on the bioelectric activity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We first explored the contribution of voltage-dependent K+ channels and, besides this, the role of ARs in the regulation of GUO-dependent cellular electrophysiology. Our data support that GUO is able to specifically modulate K+-dependent outward currents over cell membranes. Importantly, administering ADO along with GUO potentiates its effects. Overall, these results suggested that K+ outward membrane channels may be targeted by GUO with an implication of ADO receptors in SH-SY5Y cells, but also support the hypothesis of a functional interaction of the two ligands. The present research runs through the leitmotif of the deorphanization of GUO, adding insight on the interplay with adenosinergic signaling and suggesting GUO as a powerful modulator of SH-SY5Y excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Gallo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriana Scordino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Costanza Giardina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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5
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Guanosine as a promising target for fast-acting antidepressant responses. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 218:173422. [PMID: 35732211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant responses elicited by ketamine have gained considerable attention in recent years, it has some knock-on effects that limit its widespread clinical use. Therefore, ketamine is considered the prototype for the new generation of glutamate-based rapid-acting antidepressants. Within this context, it has been demonstrated that guanosine, an endogenous guanine-based purine, has overlapping mechanisms of action with ketamine and is effective in eliciting fast antidepressant-like responses and even potentiating ketamine's actions in preclinical studies. Here, we review the recent findings regarding the ability of guanosine to produce rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects and we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant-like actions. Moreover, the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the ability of guanosine in boosting the antidepressant-like and pro-synaptogenic effects elicited by ketamine are also reported. Taken together, this review opens perspectives for the use of guanosine alone or in combination with ketamine for the management of treatment-resistant depression.
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6
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Chojnowski K, Opielka M, Nazar W, Kowianski P, Smolenski RT. Neuroprotective Effects of Guanosine in Ischemic Stroke-Small Steps towards Effective Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6898. [PMID: 34199004 PMCID: PMC8268871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine (Guo) is a nucleotide metabolite that acts as a potent neuromodulator with neurotrophic and regenerative properties in neurological disorders. Under brain ischemia or trauma, Guo is released to the extracellular milieu and its concentration substantially raises. In vitro studies on brain tissue slices or cell lines subjected to ischemic conditions demonstrated that Guo counteracts destructive events that occur during ischemic conditions, e.g., glutaminergic excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. Moreover, Guo mitigates neuroinflammation and regulates post-translational processing. Guo asserts its neuroprotective effects via interplay with adenosine receptors, potassium channels, and excitatory amino acid transporters. Subsequently, guanosine activates several prosurvival molecular pathways including PI3K/Akt (PI3K) and MEK/ERK. Due to systemic degradation, the half-life of exogenous Guo is relatively low, thus creating difficulty regarding adequate exogenous Guo distribution. Nevertheless, in vivo studies performed on ischemic stroke rodent models provide promising results presenting a sustained decrease in infarct volume, improved neurological outcome, decrease in proinflammatory events, and stimulation of neuroregeneration through the release of neurotrophic factors. In this comprehensive review, we discuss molecular signaling related to Guo protection against brain ischemia. We present recent advances, limitations, and prospects in exogenous guanosine therapy in the context of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Chojnowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Mikolaj Opielka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- International Research Agenda 3P—Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 3A Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Przemyslaw Kowianski
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Bohaterów Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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7
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Belluardo N, Mudò G, Di Liberto V, Frinchi M, Condorelli DF, Traversa U, Ciruela F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P. Investigating the Role of Guanosine on Human Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658806. [PMID: 33986683 PMCID: PMC8111303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma arises from neural crest cell precursors failing to complete the process of differentiation. Thus, agents helping tumor cells to differentiate into normal cells can represent a valid therapeutic strategy. Here, we evaluated whether guanosine (GUO), a natural purine nucleoside, which is able to induce differentiation of many cell types, may cause the differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. We found that GUO, added to the cell culture medium, promoted neuron-like cell differentiation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This effect was mainly due to an extracellular GUO action since nucleoside transporter inhibitors reduced but not abolished it. Importantly, GUO-mediated neuron-like cell differentiation was independent of adenosine receptor activation as it was not altered by the blockade of these receptors. Noteworthy, the neuritogenic activity of GUO was not affected by blocking the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, while it was reduced by inhibitors of protein kinase C or soluble guanylate cyclase. Furthermore, the inhibitor of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 but not that of nitric oxide synthase reduced GUO-induced neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, we found that GUO was largely metabolized into guanine by the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enzyme released from cells. Taken together, our results suggest that GUO, promoting neuroblastoma cell differentiation, may represent a potential therapeutic agent; however, due to its spontaneous extracellular metabolism, the role played by the GUO-PNP-guanine system needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Belluardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele F Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ugo Traversa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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8
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Massari CM, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Tasca CI. Guanosine Mechanisms of Action: Toward Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653146. [PMID: 33867993 PMCID: PMC8044438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caio M Massari
- Laboratório De Neuroquímica-4, Departamento De Bioquímica, Centro De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Laboratório De Neuroquímica-4, Departamento De Bioquímica, Centro De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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9
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Adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors are involved on guanosine protective effects against oxidative burst and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 6-OHDA in striatal slices. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:247-254. [PMID: 33548045 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is the most used toxin in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 6-OHDA shows high affinity for the dopamine transporter and once inside the neuron, it accumulates and undergoes non-enzymatic auto-oxidation, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and selective damage of catecholaminergic neurons. In this way, our group has established a 6-OHDA in vitro protocol with rat striatal slices as a rapid and effective model for screening of new drugs with protective effects against PD. We have shown that co-incubation with guanosine (GUO, 100 μM) prevented the 6-OHDA-induced damage in striatal slices. As the exact GUO mechanism of action remains unknown, the aim of this study was to investigate if adenosine A1 (A1R) and/or A2A receptors (A2AR) are involved on GUO protective effects on striatal slices. Pre-incubation with DPCPX, an A1R antagonist prevented guanosine effects on 6-OHDA-induced ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, while CCPA, an A1R agonist, did not alter GUO effects. Regarding A2AR, the antagonist SCH58261 had similar protective effect as GUO in ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, SCH58261 did not affect GUO protective effects. The A2AR agonist CGS21680, although, completely blocked GUO effects. Finally, the A1R antagonist DPCPX, and the A2AR agonist CGS21680 also abolished the preventive guanosine effect on 6-OHDA-induced ATP levels decrease. These results reinforce previous evidence for a putative interaction of GUO with A1R-A2AR heteromer as its molecular target and clearly indicate a dependence on adenosine receptors modulation to GUO protective effect.
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10
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Frinchi M, Verdi V, Plescia F, Ciruela F, Grillo M, Garozzo R, Condorelli DF, Di Iorio P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Belluardo N, Di Liberto V, Mudò G. Guanosine-Mediated Anxiolytic-Like Effect: Interplay with Adenosine A 1 and A 2A Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239281. [PMID: 33291390 PMCID: PMC7729560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic administration of guanosine (GUO) induces anxiolytic-like effects, for which the adenosine (ADO) system involvement has been postulated yet without a direct experimental evidence. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether adenosine receptors (ARs) are involved in the GUO-mediated anxiolytic-like effect, evaluated by three anxiety-related paradigms in rats. First, we confirmed that acute treatment with GUO exerts an anxiolytic-like effect. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with ADO or A1R (CPA, CCPA) or A2AR (CGS21680) agonists 10 min prior to GUO on a GUO-induced anxiolytic-like effect. All the combined treatments blocked the GUO anxiolytic-like effect, whereas when administered alone, each compound was ineffective as compared to the control group. Interestingly, the pretreatment with nonselective antagonist caffeine or selective A1R (DPCPX) or A2AR (ZM241385) antagonists did not modify the GUO-induced anxiolytic-like effect. Finally, binding assay performed in hippocampal membranes showed that [3H]GUO binding became saturable at 100–300 nM, suggesting the existence of a putative GUO binding site. In competition experiments, ADO showed a potency order similar to GUO in displacing [3H]GUO binding, whereas AR selective agonists, CPA and CGS21680, partially displaced [3H]GUO binding, but the sum of the two effects was able to displace [3H]GUO binding to the same extent of ADO alone. Overall, our results strengthen previous data supporting GUO-mediated anxiolytic-like effects, add new evidence that these effects are blocked by A1R and A2AR agonists and pave, although they do not elucidate the mechanism of GUO and ADO receptor interaction, for a better characterization of GUO binding sites in ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Verdi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Fulvio Plescia
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Grillo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Roberta Garozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.G.); (D.F.C.)
| | - Daniele F. Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.G.); (D.F.C.)
- Laboratory of Complex Systems, Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.I.); (F.C.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.I.); (F.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.I.); (F.C.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.M.)
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11
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Guanosine modulates SUMO2/3-ylation in neurons and astrocytes via adenosine receptors. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:439-450. [PMID: 32892251 PMCID: PMC7524998 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) whereby members of the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) family of proteins are conjugated to lysine residues in target proteins. SUMOylation has been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, and much attention has been given to its role in neurodegenerative conditions. Due to its reported role in neuroprotection, pharmacological modulation of SUMOylation represents an attractive potential therapeutic strategy in a number of different brain disorders. However, very few compounds that target the SUMOylation pathway have been identified. Guanosine is an endogenous nucleoside with important neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Experimental evidence has shown that guanosine can modulate different intracellular pathways, including PTMs. In the present study we examined whether guanosine alters global protein SUMOylation. Primary cortical neurons and astrocytes were treated with guanosine at 1, 10, 100, 300, or 500 μM at four time points, 1, 6, 24, or 48 h. We show that guanosine increases global SUMO2/3-ylation in neurons and astrocytes at 1 h at concentrations above 10 μM. The molecular mechanisms involved in this effect were evaluated in neurons. The guanosine-induced increase in global SUMO2/3-ylation was still observed in the presence of dipyridamole, which prevents guanosine internalization, demonstrating an extracellular guanosine-induced effect. Furthermore, the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist DPCPX abolished the guanosine-induced increase in SUMO2/3-ylation. The A2A adenosine receptor antagonist ZM241385 increased SUMOylation per se, but did not alter guanosine-induced SUMOylation, suggesting that guanosine may modulate SUMO2/3-ylation through an A1-A2A receptor interaction. Taken together, this is the first report to show guanosine as a SUMO2/3-ylation enhancer in astrocytes and neurons.
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12
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Schneider EH, Hofmeister O, Kälble S, Seifert R. Apoptotic and anti-proliferative effect of guanosine and guanosine derivatives in HuT-78 T lymphoma cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:1251-1267. [PMID: 32313990 PMCID: PMC7314729 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 100 μM of 3',5'-cGMP, cAMP, cCMP, and cUMP as well as of the corresponding membrane-permeant acetoxymethyl esters on anti-CD3-antibody (OKT3)-induced IL-2 production of HuT-78 cutaneous T cell lymphoma (Sézary lymphoma) cells were analyzed. Only 3',5'-cGMP significantly reduced IL-2 production. Flow cytometric analysis of apoptotic (propidium iodide/annexin V staining) and anti-proliferative (CFSE staining) effects revealed that 3',5'-cGMP concentrations > 50 μM strongly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HuT-78 cells (cultured in the presence of αCD3 antibody). Similar effects were observed for the positional isomer 2',3'-cGMP and for 2',-GMP, 3'-GMP, 5'-GMP, and guanosine. By contrast, guanosine and guanosine-derived nucleotides had no cytotoxic effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) xenograft cells. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of guanosine and guanosine-derived compounds on HuT-78 cells were completely eliminated by the nucleoside transport inhibitor NBMPR (S-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine). By contrast, the ecto-phosphodiesterase inhibitor DPSPX (1,3-dipropyl-8-sulfophenylxanthine) and the CD73 ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor AMP-CP (adenosine 5'-(α,β-methylene)diphosphate) were not protective. We hypothesize that HuT-78 cells metabolize guanosine-derived nucleotides to guanosine by yet unknown mechanisms. Guanosine then enters the cells by an NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transporter and exerts cytotoxic effects. This transporter may be ENT1 because NBMPR counteracted guanosine cytotoxicity in HuT-78 cells with nanomolar efficacy (IC50 of 25-30 nM). Future studies should further clarify the mechanism of the observed effects and address the question, whether guanosine or guanosine-derived nucleotides may serve as adjuvants in the therapy of cancers that express appropriate nucleoside transporters and are sensitive to established nucleoside-derived cytostatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich H Schneider
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Olga Hofmeister
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Solveig Kälble
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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13
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Guanosine, a guanine-based nucleoside relaxed isolated corpus cavernosum from mice through cGMP accumulation. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:241-249. [PMID: 32458299 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In corpus cavernosum (CC), guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is converted into cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to induce erection. The action of cGMP is terminated by phosphodiesterases and efflux transporters, which pump cGMP out of the cell. The nucleotides, GTP, and cGMP were detected in the extracellular space, and their hydrolysis lead to the formation of intermediate products, among them guanosine. Therefore, our study aims to pharmacologically characterize the effect of guanosine in isolated CC from mice. The penis was isolated and functional and biochemical analyses were carried out. The guanine-based nucleotides GTP, guanosine diphosphate, guanosine monophosphate, and cGMP relaxed mice corpus cavernosum, but the relaxation (90.7 ± 12.5%) induced by guanosine (0.000001-1 mM) was greater than that of the nucleotides (~ 45%, P < 0.05). Guanosine-induced relaxation was not altered in the presence of adenosine type 2A and 2B receptor antagonists. No augment was observed in the intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in tissues stimulated with guanosine. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME, 100 μM) and soluble guanylate cyclase (ODQ, 10 μM) produced a significant reduction in guanosine-induced relaxation in all concentrations studied, while in the presence of tadalafil (300 nM), a significant increase was observed. Pre-incubation of guanosine (100 μM) produced a 6.6-leftward shift in tadalafil-induced relaxation. The intracellular levels of cGMP were greater when CC was stimulated with guanosine. Inhibitors of ecto-nucleotidases and xanthine oxidase did not interfere in the response induced by guanosine. In conclusion, our study shows that guanosine relaxes mice CC and opens the possibility to test its role in models of erectile dysfunction.
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14
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Bast-Habersbrunner A, Fromme T. Purine Nucleotides in the Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue Activity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32210919 PMCID: PMC7076073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis in mammalian brown adipose tissue is a powerful mechanism to defend normothermia in cold climates. To minimize the loss of chemical energy, the central functional component, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, UCP1, must be tightly regulated. The canonical pathway of UCP1 activation includes lipolytic release of free fatty acids in response to an adrenergic signal. Activating fatty acids overcome constitutive inhibition of UCP1 by the di- and triphosphate forms of purine nucleotides, i.e., ATP, ADP, GTP, and GDP. Cellular concentrations of inhibitory, free nucleotides are subject to significant, adrenergically induced alterations. The regulatory components involved may constitute novel drug targets to manipulate brown fat thermogenesis and thereby organismic energy balance. We here review evidence for and against a dominant role of nucleotides in thermogenic control, describe conceptual routes to endogenously and pharmacologically alter free nucleotide pool size, speculate on a signaling role of degradation products released from active brown fat, and highlight gaps in our understanding of signaling and metabolic pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bast-Habersbrunner
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tobias Fromme
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15
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Lanznaster D, Massari CM, Marková V, Šimková T, Duroux R, Jacobson KA, Fernández-Dueñas V, Tasca CI, Ciruela F. Adenosine A 1-A 2A Receptor-Receptor Interaction: Contribution to Guanosine-Mediated Effects. Cells 2019; 8:E1630. [PMID: 31847113 PMCID: PMC6953045 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanosine, a guanine-based purine nucleoside, has been described as a neuromodulator that exerts neuroprotective effects in animal and cellular ischemia models. However, guanosine's exact mechanism of action and molecular targets have not yet been identified. Here, we aimed to elucidate a role of adenosine receptors (ARs) in mediating guanosine effects. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of guanosine in hippocampal slices from A2AR-deficient mice (A2AR-/-) subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). Next, we assessed guanosine binding at ARs taking advantage of a fluorescent-selective A2AR antagonist (MRS7396) which could engage in a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) process with NanoLuc-tagged A2AR. Next, we evaluated functional AR activation by determining cAMP and calcium accumulation. Finally, we assessed the impact of A1R and A2AR co-expression in guanosine-mediated impedance responses in living cells. Guanosine prevented the reduction of cellular viability and increased reactive oxygen species generation induced by OGD in hippocampal slices from wild-type, but not from A2AR-/- mice. Notably, while guanosine was not able to modify MRS7396 binding to A2AR-expressing cells, a partial blockade was observed in cells co-expressing A1R and A2AR. The relevance of the A1R and A2AR interaction in guanosine effects was further substantiated by means of functional assays (i.e., cAMP and calcium determinations), since guanosine only blocked A2AR agonist-mediated effects in doubly expressing A1R and A2AR cells. Interestingly, while guanosine did not affect A1R/A2AR heteromer formation, it reduced A2AR agonist-mediated cell impedance responses. Our results indicate that guanosine-induced effects may require both A1R and A2AR co-expression, thus identifying a molecular substrate that may allow fine tuning of guanosine-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lanznaster
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Caio M. Massari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Vendula Marková
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (V.M.); (T.Š.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tereza Šimková
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (V.M.); (T.Š.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romain Duroux
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.D.); (K.A.J.)
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.D.); (K.A.J.)
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (V.M.); (T.Š.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla I. Tasca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (V.M.); (T.Š.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Dal-Cim T, Poluceno GG, Lanznaster D, de Oliveira KA, Nedel CB, Tasca CI. Guanosine prevents oxidative damage and glutamate uptake impairment induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation in cortical astrocyte cultures: involvement of A 1 and A 2A adenosine receptors and PI3K, MEK, and PKC pathways. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:465-476. [PMID: 31520282 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are involved in multiple cerebral functions that profoundly influence brain tissue viability during ischemia, and astrocytes are the main source of extracellular purines as adenosine and guanosine. The endogenous guanine-based nucleoside guanosine is a neuromodulator implicated in important processes in the brain, such as modulation of glutamatergic transmission and protection against oxidative and inflammatory damage. We evaluated if the neuroprotective effect of guanosine is also observed in cultured cortical astrocytes subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation. We also assessed the involvement of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), MAPK, and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways on the guanosine effects. OGD/reoxygenation decreased cell viability and glutamate uptake and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured astrocytes. Guanosine treatment prevented these OGD-induced damaging effects. Dipropyl-cyclopentyl-xanthine (an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist) and 4-[2-[[6-amino-9-(N-ethyl-β-D-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9H-purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl] benzenepropanoic acid hydrochloride (an adenosine A2A receptor agonist) abolished guanosine-induced protective effects on ROS production, glutamate uptake, and cell viability. The PI3K pathway inhibitor 2-morpholin-4-yl-8-phenylchromen-4-one, the extracellular-signal regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor 2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone, or the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine abolished the guanosine effect of preventing OGD-induced cells viability reduction. PI3K inhibition partially prevented the guanosine effect of reducing ROS production, whereas MEK and PKC inhibitions prevented the guanosine effect of restoring glutamate uptake. The total immunocontent of the main astrocytic glutamate transporter glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) was not altered by OGD and guanosine. However, MEK and PKC inhibitions also abolished the guanosine effect of increasing cell-surface expression of GLT-1 in astrocytes subjected to OGD. Then, guanosine prevents oxidative damage and stimulates astrocytic glutamate uptake during ischemic events via adenosine A1 and A2A receptors and modulation of survival signaling pathways, contributing to microenvironment homeostasis that culminates in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharine Dal-Cim
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Poluceno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Lanznaster
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Karen A de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudia B Nedel
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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17
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Decker H, Piermartiri TCB, Nedel CB, Romão LF, Francisco SS, Dal-Cim T, Boeck CR, Moura-Neto V, Tasca CI. Guanosine and GMP increase the number of granular cerebellar neurons in culture: dependence on adenosine A 2A and ionotropic glutamate receptors. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:439-450. [PMID: 31478180 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The guanine-based purines (GBPs) have essential extracellular functions such as modulation of glutamatergic transmission and trophic effects on neurons and astrocytes. We previously showed that GBPs, such as guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) or guanosine (GUO), promote the reorganization of extracellular matrix proteins in astrocytes, and increase the number of neurons in a neuron-astrocyte co-culture protocol. To delineate the molecular basis underlying these effects, we isolated cerebellar neurons in culture and treated them with a conditioned medium derived from astrocytes previously exposed to GUO or GMP (GBPs-ACM) or, directly, with GUO or GMP. Agreeing with the previous studies, there was an increase in the number of β-tubulin III-positive neurons in both conditions, compared with controls. Interestingly, the increase in the number of neurons in the neuronal cultures treated directly with GUO or GMP was more prominent, suggesting a direct interaction of GBPs on cerebellar neurons. To investigate this issue, we assessed the role of adenosine and glutamate receptors and related intracellular signaling pathways after GUO or GMP treatment. We found an involvement of A2A adenosine receptors, ionotropic glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and non-NMDA receptors in the increased number of cerebellar neurons. The signaling pathways extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase-II (CaMKII), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidilinositol-3'-kinase (PI3-K), and protein kinase A (PKA) are also potentially involved with GMP and GUO effect. Such results suggest that GMP and GUO, and molecules released in GBPs-ACM promote the survival or maturation of primary cerebellar neurons or both via interaction with adenosine and glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Decker
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Tetsade C B Piermartiri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Cláudia B Nedel
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Luciana F Romão
- Departamento de Anatomia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sheila S Francisco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Tharine Dal-Cim
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Carina R Boeck
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Departamento de Anatomia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
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18
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Tasca CI, Lanznaster D, Oliveira KA, Fernández-Dueñas V, Ciruela F. Neuromodulatory Effects of Guanine-Based Purines in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:376. [PMID: 30459558 PMCID: PMC6232889 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of guanine-based purines (GBPs) is mostly attributed to the intracellular modulation of heteromeric and monomeric G proteins. However, extracellular effects of guanine derivatives have also been recognized. Thus, in the central nervous system (CNS), a guanine-based purinergic system that exerts neuromodulator effects, has been postulated. The thesis that GBPs are neuromodulators emerged from in vivo and in vitro studies, in which neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of these kinds of molecules (i.e., guanosine) were demonstrated. GBPs induce several important biological effects in rodent models and have been shown to reduce seizures and pain, stabilize mood disorder behavior and protect against gliomas and diseases related with aging, such as ischemia or Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. In vitro studies to evaluate the protective and trophic effects of guanosine, and of the nitrogenous base guanine, have been fundamental for understanding the mechanisms of action of GBPs, as well as the signaling pathways involved in their biological roles. Conversely, although selective binding sites for guanosine have been identified in the rat brain, GBP receptors have not been still described. In addition, GBP neuromodulation may depend on the capacity of GBPs to interact with well-known membrane proteins in glutamatergic and adenosinergic systems. Overall, in this review article, we present up-to-date GBP biology, focusing mainly on the mechanisms of action that may lead to the neuromodulator role of GBPs observed in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Débora Lanznaster
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,UMR 1253, Team 2, INSERM/University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Karen A Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Victor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Massari CM, López-Cano M, Núñez F, Fernández-Dueñas V, Tasca CI, Ciruela F. Antiparkinsonian Efficacy of Guanosine in Rodent Models of Movement Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:700. [PMID: 29046640 PMCID: PMC5632808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine (GUO) is a guanine-based purine nucleoside with important trophic functions and promising neuroprotective properties. Although the neuroprotective effects of GUO have been corroborated in cellular models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), its efficacy as an antiparkinsonian agent has not been fully explored in PD animal models. Accordingly, we evaluated the effectiveness of GUO in reversing motor impairments in several rodent movement disorder models, including catalepsy, tremor, and hemiparkinsonism. Our results showed that orally administered GUO antagonized reserpine-mediated catalepsy, reduced reserpine-induced tremulous jaw movements, and potentiated the number of contralateral rotations induced by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in unilaterally 6-hydroxidopamine-lesioned rats. In addition, at 5 and 7.5 mg/kg, GUO inhibited L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in rats chronically treated with a pro-dopaminergic agent. Overall, we describe the therapeutic potential of GUO, which may be effective not only for reversing parkinsonian motor impairments but also for reducing dyskinesia induced by treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio M Massari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabiana Núñez
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Lanznaster D, Dal-Cim T, Piermartiri TCB, Tasca CI. Guanosine: a Neuromodulator with Therapeutic Potential in Brain Disorders. Aging Dis 2016; 7:657-679. [PMID: 27699087 PMCID: PMC5036959 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside with important functions in cell metabolism and a protective role in response to degenerative diseases or injury. The past decade has seen major advances in identifying the modulatory role of extracellular action of guanosine in the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence from rodent and cell models show a number of neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of guanosine preventing deleterious consequences of seizures, spinal cord injury, pain, mood disorders and aging-related diseases, such as ischemia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The present review describes the findings of in vivo and in vitro studies and offers an update of guanosine effects in the CNS. We address the protein targets for guanosine action and its interaction with glutamatergic and adenosinergic systems and with calcium-activated potassium channels. We also discuss the intracellular mechanisms modulated by guanosine preventing oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory burden and modulation of glutamate transport. New and exciting avenues for future investigation into the protective effects of guanosine include characterization of a selective guanosine receptor. A better understanding of the neuromodulatory action of guanosine will allow the development of therapeutic approach to brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lanznaster
- 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 3CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília - DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Tharine Dal-Cim
- 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 3CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília - DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Tetsadê C B Piermartiri
- 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; 3CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília - DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- 1Departamento de Bioquímica,; 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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21
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Thomaz DT, Dal-Cim TA, Martins WC, Cunha MP, Lanznaster D, de Bem AF, Tasca CI. Guanosine prevents nitroxidative stress and recovers mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in hippocampal slices subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:707-718. [PMID: 27613537 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine, the endogenous guanine nucleoside, prevents cellular death induced by ischemic events and is a promising neuroprotective agent. During an ischemic event, nitric oxide has been reported to either cause or prevent cell death. Our aim was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of guanosine against oxidative damage in hippocampal slices subjected to an in vitro ischemia model, the oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) protocol. We also assessed the participation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes activity on the neuroprotection promoted by guanosine. Here, we showed that guanosine prevented the increase in ROS, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite production induced by OGD. Moreover, guanosine prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in hippocampal slices subjected to OGD. Guanosine did not present an antioxidant effect per se. The protective effects of guanosine were mimicked by inhibition of neuronal NOS, but not of inducible NOS. The neuroprotective effect of guanosine may involve activation of cellular mechanisms that prevent the increase in nitric oxide production, possibly via neuronal NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Thomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tharine A Dal-Cim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wagner C Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maurício Peña Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Lanznaster
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, UFSC, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, UFSC, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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22
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Bettio LEB, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Guanosine and its role in neuropathologies. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:411-26. [PMID: 27002712 PMCID: PMC5023624 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside thought to have neuroprotective properties. It is released in the brain under physiological conditions and even more during pathological events, reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity, as well as exerting trophic effects in neuronal and glial cells. In agreement, guanosine was shown to be protective in several in vitro and/or in vivo experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, nociception, and depression. The mechanisms underlying the neurobiological properties of guanosine seem to involve the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways and a close interaction with the adenosinergic system, with a consequent stimulation of neuroprotective and regenerative processes in the CNS. Within this context, the present review will provide an overview of the current literature on the effects of guanosine in the CNS. The elucidation of the complex signaling events underlying the biochemical and cellular effects of this nucleoside may further establish guanosine as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of several neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E B Bettio
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Division of Medical Sciences and UBC Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences and UBC Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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23
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Di Liberto V, Mudò G, Garozzo R, Frinchi M, Fernandez-Dueñas V, Di Iorio P, Ciccarelli R, Caciagli F, Condorelli DF, Ciruela F, Belluardo N. The Guanine-Based Purinergic System: The Tale of An Orphan Neuromodulation. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:158. [PMID: 27378923 PMCID: PMC4911385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine-based purines (GBPs) have been recently proposed to be not only metabolic agents but also extracellular signaling molecules that regulate important functions in the central nervous system. In such way, GBPs-mediated neuroprotection, behavioral responses and neuronal plasticity have been broadly described in the literature. However, while a number of these functions (i.e., GBPs neurothophic effects) have been well-established, the molecular mechanisms behind these GBPs-dependent effects are still unknown. Furthermore, no plasma membrane receptors for GBPs have been described so far, thus GBPs are still considered orphan neuromodulators. Interestingly, an intricate and controversial functional interplay between GBPs effects and adenosine receptors activity has been recently described, thus triggering the hypothesis that GBPs mechanism of action might somehow involve adenosine receptors. Here, we review recent data describing the GBPs role in the brain. We focus on the involvement of GBPs regulating neuronal plasticity, and on the new hypothesis based on putative GBPs receptors. Overall, we expect to shed some light on the GBPs world since although these molecules might represent excellent candidates for certain neurological diseases management, the lack of putative GBPs receptors precludes any high throughput screening intent for the search of effective GBPs-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Garozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Unit of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Víctor Fernandez-Dueñas
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniele F Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Unit of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
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24
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Lakatos RK, Dobolyi Á, Todorov MI, Kékesi KA, Juhász G, Aleksza M, Kovács Z. Guanosine may increase absence epileptic activity by means of A2A adenosine receptors in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:172-81. [PMID: 27154620 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The non-adenosine nucleoside guanosine (Guo) was demonstrated to decrease quinolinic acid(QA)-induced seizures, spontaneously emerged absence epileptic seizures and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-evoked induction of absence epileptic seizures suggesting its antiepileptic potential. It was also described previously that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 20 and 50mg/kg Guo decreased the number of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in a well investigated model of human absence epilepsy, the Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats during 4th (20mg/kg Guo) and 3rd as well as 4th (50mg/kg Guo) measuring hours. Guanosine can potentially decrease SWD number by means of its putative receptors but absence epileptic activity changing effects of Guo by means of increased extracellular adenosine (Ado) cannot be excluded. An increase in the dose of i.p. injected Guo is limited by its low solubility in saline, therefore, we addressed in the present study whether higher doses of Guo, diluted in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, have more potent antiepileptic effect in WAG/Rij rats. We confirmed that i.p. 50mg/kg Guo decreased but, surprisingly, i.p. 100mg/kg Guo enhanced the number of SWDs in WAG/Rij rats. Combined i.p. injection of a non-selective Ado receptor antagonist theophylline (5mg/kg) or a selective Ado A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist SCH 58261 (7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine) (1mg/kg) and a cyclooxygenase 1 and 2/COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor indomethacin (10mg/kg) with 100mg/kg Guo decreased the SWD number compared to i.p. 100mg/kg Guo alone. The results suggest that i.p. 100mg/kg Guo can increase SWD number by means of the adenosinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Krisztina Lakatos
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6., 7624, Hungary; Department of Zoology, University of West Hungary Savaria Campus, Szombathely, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, 1117, Hungary; Laboratory of Neuromorphology and Human Brain Tissue Bank, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., 1094, Hungary.
| | - Mihail Ivilinov Todorov
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, 1117, Hungary; Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Katalin A Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, 1117, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, 1117, Hungary; MTA-TTK NAP MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., 1117, Hungary.
| | - Magdolna Aleksza
- Department of Botany, University of West Hungary Savaria Campus, Szombathely, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Kovács
- Department of Zoology, University of West Hungary Savaria Campus, Szombathely, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700, Hungary.
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25
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Kovács Z, Kékesi KA, Dobolyi Á, Lakatos R, Juhász G. Absence epileptic activity changing effects of non-adenosine nucleoside inosine, guanosine and uridine in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk rats. Neuroscience 2015; 300:593-608. [PMID: 26037802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) and non-adenosine (non-Ado) nucleosides such as inosine (Ino), guanosine (Guo) and uridine (Urd) may have regionally different roles in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system (CNS) such as epilepsy. It was demonstrated previously that Ino and Guo decreased quinolinic acid (QA)-induced seizures and Urd reduced penicillin-, bicuculline- and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. It has also been demonstrated that Ino and Urd may exert their effects through GABAergic system by altering the function of GABA(A) type of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAA receptors) whereas Guo decreases glutamate-induced excitability through glutamatergic system, which systems (GABAergic and glutamatergic) are involved in pathomechanisms of absence epilepsy. Thus, we hypothesized that Ino and Guo, similarly to the previously described effect of Urd, might also decrease absence epileptic activity. We investigated in the present study whether intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of Ino (500 and 1000mg/kg), Guo (20 and 50mg/kg), Urd (500 and 1000mg/kg), GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol (1 and 3mg/kg), GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline (2 and 4mg/kg), non-selective Ado receptor antagonist theophylline (5 and 10mg/kg) and non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo (a,d) cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801, 0.0625 and 0.1250mg/kg) alone and in combination have modulatory effects on absence epileptic activity in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. We found that Guo decreased the number of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) whereas Ino increased it dose-dependently. We strengthened that Urd can decrease absence epileptic activity. Our results suggest that Guo, Urd and their analogs could be potentially effective drugs for treatment of human absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kovács
- Department of Zoology, University of West Hungary, Savaria Campus, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., Szombathely 9700, Hungary.
| | - K A Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest 1117, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
| | - Á Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest 1117, Hungary; Laboratory of Neuromorphology and Human Brain Tissue Bank, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest 1094, Hungary.
| | - R Lakatos
- Department of Zoology, University of West Hungary, Savaria Campus, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., Szombathely 9700, Hungary.
| | - G Juhász
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest 1117, Hungary; MTA-TTK NAP MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary.
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26
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Bligh CM, Anzalone L, Jung YC, Zhang Y, Nugent WA. Preparation of Both C5′ Epimers of 5′-C-Methyladenosine: Reagent Control Trumps Substrate Control. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3238-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500089t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cavan M. Bligh
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Luigi Anzalone
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Young Chun Jung
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Yuegang Zhang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - William A. Nugent
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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27
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Novosjolova I, Bizdēna Ē, Turks M. Application of 2,6-diazidopurine derivatives in the synthesis of thiopurine nucleosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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29
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Dal-Cim T, Ludka FK, Martins WC, Reginato C, Parada E, Egea J, López MG, Tasca CI. Guanosine controls inflammatory pathways to afford neuroprotection of hippocampal slices under oxygen and glucose deprivation conditions. J Neurochem 2013; 126:437-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharine Dal-Cim
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Fabiana K. Ludka
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Curso de Farmácia; Universidade do Contestado; Canoinhas SC Brazil
| | - Wagner C. Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Charlise Reginato
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Esther Parada
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Manuela G. López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto Teófilo Hernando; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Carla I. Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
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30
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Dal-Cim T, Molz S, Egea J, Parada E, Romero A, Budni J, Martín de Saavedra MD, Barrio LD, Tasca CI, López MG. Guanosine protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against mitochondrial oxidative stress by inducing heme oxigenase-1 via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:397-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Ebrahimi F, Koch M, Pieroh P, Ghadban C, Hobusch C, Bechmann I, Dehghani F. Time dependent neuroprotection of mycophenolate mofetil: effects on temporal dynamics in glial proliferation, apoptosis, and scar formation. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:89. [PMID: 22569136 PMCID: PMC3430572 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunosuppressants such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) have the capacity to inhibit microglial and astrocytic activation and to reduce the extent of cell death after neuronal injury. This study was designed to determine the effective neuroprotective time frame in which MMF elicits its beneficial effects, by analyzing glial cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Methods Using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs), temporal dynamics of proliferation and apoptosis after N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated excitotoxicity were analyzed by quantitative morphometry of Ki-67 or cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactive glial cells. Treatment on NMDA-lesioned OHSCs with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)100 μg/mL was started at different time points after injury or performed within specific time frames, and the numbers of propidium iodide (PI)+ degenerating neurons and isolectin (I)B4+ microglial cells were determined. Pre-treatment with guanosine 100 μmol/l was performed to counteract MMF-induced effects. The effects of MMF on reactive astrocytic scar formation were investigated in the scratch-wound model of astrocyte monolayers. Results Excitotoxic lesion induction led to significant increases in glial proliferation rates between 12 and 36 hours after injury and to increased levels of apoptotic cells between 24 and 72 hours after injury. MMF treatment significantly reduced glial proliferation rates without affecting apoptosis. Continuous MMF treatment potently reduced the extent of neuronal cell demise when started within the first 12 hours after injury. A crucial time-frame of significant neuroprotection was identified between 12 and 36 hours after injury. Pre-treatment with the neuroprotective nucleoside guanosine reversed MMF-induced antiproliferative effects on glial cells. In the scratch-wound model, gap closure was reached within 48 hours in controls, and was potently inhibited by MMF. Conclusions Our data indicate that immunosuppression by MMF significantly attenuates the extent of neuronal cell death when administered within a crucial time frame after injury. Moreover, long-lasting immunosuppression, as required after solid-organ transplantation, does not seem to be necessary. Targeting inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of purine synthesis, is an effective strategy to modulate the temporal dynamics of proliferation and migration of microglia and astrocytes, and thus to reduce the extent of secondary neuronal damage and scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Ebrahimi
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Thauerer B, Zur Nedden S, Baier-Bitterlich G. Purine nucleosides: endogenous neuroprotectants in hypoxic brain. J Neurochem 2012; 121:329-42. [PMID: 22335456 PMCID: PMC3499684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even a short blockade of oxygen flow in brain may lead to the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and depletion of cellular ATP, which results in profound deficiencies in cellular function. Following ischemia, dying, injured, and hypoxic cells release soluble purine-nucleotide and -nucleoside pools. Growing evidence suggests that purine nucleosides might act as trophic factors in the CNS and PNS. In addition to equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) regulating purine nucleoside concentrations intra- and extracellularly, specific extracellular receptor subtypes for these compounds are expressed on neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, mediating stunningly diverse effects. Such effects range from induction of cell differentiation, apoptosis, mitogenesis, and morphogenetic changes, to stimulation of synthesis and/or release of cytokines and neurotrophic factors under both physiological and pathological conditions. Multiple signaling pathways regulate the critical balance between cell death and survival in hypoxia-ischemia. A convergent pathway for the regulation of multiple modalities involved in O₂ sensing is the mitogen activated protein kinase (p42/44 MAPK) or (ERK1/2 extracellular signal-regulated kinases) pathway terminating in a variety of transcription factors, for example, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. In this review, the coherence of purine nucleoside-related pathways and MAPK activation in the endogenous neuroprotective regulation of the nervous system's development and neuroplasticity under hypoxic stress will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Thauerer
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter Department, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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