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Rahman NAA, Fuaad AAHA, Azami NAM, Amin MCIM, Azmi F. Next-generation Dengue Vaccines: Leveraging Peptide-Based Immunogens and Advanced Nanoparticles as Delivery Platforms. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2044-2054. [PMID: 38761864 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Dengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), is a prevalent arthropod-borne disease in humans and poses a significant burden on public health. Severe cases of dengue can be life-threatening. Although a licensed dengue vaccine is available, its efficacy varies across different virus serotypes and may exacerbate the disease in some seronegative recipients. Developing a safe and effective vaccine against all DENV serotypes remains challenging and requires continued research. Conventional approaches in dengue vaccine development, using live or attenuated microorganisms or parts of them often contain unnecessary epitopes, risking allergenic or autoimmune reactions. To address these challenges, innovative strategies such as peptide vaccines have been explored. Peptide vaccines offer a safer alternative by inducing specific immune responses with minimal immunogenic fragments. Chemical modification strategies of peptides have revolutionized their design, allowing for the incorporation of multi-epitope presentation, self-adjuvanting features, and self-assembling properties. These modifications enhance the antigenicity of the peptides, leading to improved vaccine efficacy. This review outlines advancements in peptide-based dengue vaccine development, leveraging nanoparticles as antigen-displaying platforms. Additionally, key immunological considerations for enhancing efficacy and safety against DENV infection have been addressed, providing insight into the next-generation of dengue vaccine development leveraging on peptide-nanoparticle technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Adilah Abdul Rahman
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine (CENTRIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Al-Hadi Ahmad Fuaad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azila Muhammad Azami
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine (CENTRIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazren Azmi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine (CENTRIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Emerging peptide-based nanovaccines: From design synthesis to defense against cancer and infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114117. [PMID: 36528914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based vaccines, which form one of the most potent vaccine platforms, offer exclusive advantages over classical vaccines that use whole organisms or proteins. However, peptides alone are still poor stability and weak immunogenicity, thus need a delivery system that can overcome these shortcomings. Currently, nanotechnology has been extensively utilized to address this issue. Nanovaccines, as new formulations of vaccines using nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers or adjuvants, are undergoing development instead of conventional vaccines. Indeed, peptide-based nanovaccine is a rapidly developing field of research that is emerging out of the confluence of antigenic peptides with the nano-delivery system. In this review, we shed light on the rational design and preparation strategies based on various nanomaterials of peptide-based nanovaccines, and we spotlight progress in the development of peptide-based nanovaccines against cancer and infectious diseases. Finally, the future prospects for development of peptide-based nanovaccines are presented.
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Chauhan V, Dhiman VK, Mahajan G, Pandey A, Kanwar SS. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles developed using a novel lipopeptide(s) biosurfactant and evaluating its antimicrobial and cytotoxic efficacy. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Islam MT, Ho MF, Nahar UJ, Shalash AO, Koirala P, Hussein WM, Stanisic DI, Good MF, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Investigation of liposomal self-adjuvanting peptide epitopes derived from conserved blood-stage Plasmodium antigens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264961. [PMID: 35275957 PMCID: PMC8916655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a vector born parasitic disease causing millions of deaths every year. Despite the high mortality rate, an effective vaccine against this mosquito-borne infectious disease is yet to be developed. Up to date, RTS,S/AS01 is the only vaccine available for malaria prevention; however, its efficacy is low. Among a variety of malaria antigens, merozoite surface protein-1(MSP-1) and ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) have been proposed as promising candidates for malaria vaccine development. We developed peptide-based Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidates that incorporated three previously reported conserved epitopes from MSP-1 and RESA into highly effective liposomal polyleucine delivery system. Indeed, MSP-1 and RESA-derived epitopes conjugated to polyleucine and formulated into liposomes induced higher epitope specific antibody titres. However, immunized mice failed to demonstrate protection in a rodent malaria challenge study with Plasmodium yoelii. In addition, we found that the three reported P. falciparum epitopes did not to share conformational properties and high sequence similarity with P. yoelii MSP-1 and RESA proteins, despite the epitopes were reported to protect mice against P. yoelii challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tanjir Islam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mei-Fong Ho
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Ummey J. Nahar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Michael F. Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail: (IT); (MS)
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail: (IT); (MS)
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5
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Shalash AO, Becker L, Yang J, Giacomin P, Pearson M, Hussein WM, Loukas A, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Development of a Peptide Vaccine against Hookworm Infection: Immunogenicity, Efficacy, and Immune Correlates of Protection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:157-169.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Huang W, Madge HYR, Zhang J, Gilmartin L, Hussein WM, Khalil ZG, Koirala P, Capon RJ, Toth I, Stephenson RJ. Structure-activity relationship of lipid, cyclic peptide and antigen rearrangement of physically mixed vaccines. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121614. [PMID: 35245637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently there is no approved vaccine to prevent and/or treat group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection. With increasing reports of GAS antibiotic resistance, vaccine adjuvants and targeted delivery systems which induce a strong immune response are a widely acknowledged unmet need. Through extensive structure-activity studies, we investigated a cyclic decapeptide physically mixed with a GAS B cell peptide epitope (J8), a universal T helper epitope (PADRE), and different synthetic lipidic moieties as a conceivable self-adjuvanting GAS vaccine. We explored the structure (orientation)-relationship of the chemically-conjugated B cell epitope and T helper epitope peptide as part of this physically-mixed vaccine. Following in vivo assessment in mice, these cyclic lipopeptide vaccines showed successful induction of J8-specific systemic IgG antibodies when administered subcutaneously without additional adjuvant. Interestingly, an exposed C-terminus of the GAS B cell epitope and a 16-carbon alpha-amino fatty acid lipid was required for strong immunoreactivity, capable of effectively opsonising multiple strains of clinically-isolated GAS bacteria. Physicochemical assessment proved the alpha helix structure of the GAS B cell epitope was retained, impacting particle self-assembly and vaccine immunoreactivity. This study showed the capability for a self-adjuvanting cyclic delivery system to act as a vehicle for the delivery of GAS peptide antigens to treat GAS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Harrison Y R Madge
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan Gilmartin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Zeinab G Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel J Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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7
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Koirala P, Bashiri S, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Current Prospects in Peptide-Based Subunit Nanovaccines. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2412:309-338. [PMID: 34918253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination renders protection against pathogens via stimulation of the body's natural immune responses. Classical vaccines that utilize whole organisms or proteins have several disadvantages, such as induction of undesired immune responses, poor stability, and manufacturing difficulties. The use of minimal immunogenic pathogen components as vaccine antigens, i.e., peptides, can greatly reduce these shortcomings. However, subunit antigens require a specific delivery system and immune adjuvant to increase their efficacy. Recently, nanotechnology has been extensively utilized to address this issue. Nanotechnology-based formulation of peptide vaccines can boost immunogenicity and efficiently induce cellular and humoral immune responses. This chapter outlines the recent developments and advances of nano-sized delivery platforms for peptide antigens, including nanoparticles composed of polymers, peptides, lipids, and inorganic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sahra Bashiri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Abstract
Liposomes, which are artificial phospholipid vesicles with a bilayer membrane structure, have been developed and evaluated as a promising delivery system for vaccines. Here, we describe a procedure for the encapsulation of lipopeptide vaccines into liposomes. A liposomal formulation of lipid-core peptide was prepared via thin-film hydration followed by extrusion. The physicochemical properties of the liposomes, including their size, polydispersity, surface charge, and morphology, were analyzed using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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Shalash AO, Hussein WM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Hookworm infection: Toward development of safe and effective peptide vaccines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1394-1419.e6. [PMID: 34872650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hookworms are hematophagous nematode parasites that have infected a billion people worldwide. Anthelmintic drugs have limited efficacy and do not prevent reinfection. Therefore, prophylactic vaccines are in high demand. Whole parasite vaccines are allergic and unsafe; thus, research into subunit vaccines has been warranted. A comprehensive overview of protein or peptide subunit vaccines' safety, protective efficacy, and associated immune responses is provided herein. The differences between the immune responses against hookworm infection by patients from epidemic versus nonepidemic areas are discussed in detail. Moreover, the different immunologic mechanisms of protection are discussed, including those that rely on allergic and nonallergic humoral and antibody-dependent cellular responses. The allergic and autoimmune potential of hookworm antigens is also explored, as are the immunoregulatory responses induced by the hookworm secretome. The potential of oral mucosal immunizations has been overlooked. Oral immunity against hookworms is a long-lived and safer immune response that is associated with elimination of infection and protective against reinfections. However, the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal environment necessitates special oral delivery systems to unlock vaccines' protective potential. The potential for development of safer and more effective peptide- and protein-based anthelmintic vaccines is explored herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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10
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Shalash AO, Becker L, Yang J, Giacomin P, Pearson M, Hussein WM, Loukas A, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Oral Peptide Vaccine against Hookworm Infection: Correlation of Antibody Titers with Protective Efficacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1034. [PMID: 34579271 PMCID: PMC8472562 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 0.4 billion individuals worldwide are infected with hookworm. An effective vaccine is needed to not only improve the health of those affected and at high risk, but also to improve economic growth in disease-endemic areas. An ideal anti-hookworm therapeutic strategy for mass administration is a stable and orally administered vaccine. Oral vaccines are advantageous as they negate the need for trained medical staff for administration and do not require strict sterility conditions. Vaccination, therefore, can be carried out at a significantly reduced cost. One of the most promising current antigenic targets for hookworm vaccine development is the aspartic protease digestive enzyme (APR-1). Antibody-mediated neutralization of APR-1 deprives the worm of nourishment, leading to reduced worm burdens in vaccinated hosts. Previously, we demonstrated that, when incorporated into vaccine delivery systems, the APR-1-derived p3 epitope (TSLIAGPKAQVEAIQKYIGAEL) was able to greatly reduce worm burdens (≥90%) in BALB/c mice; however, multiple, large doses of the vaccine were required. Here, we investigated a variety of p3-antigen conjugates to optimize antigen delivery and establish immune response/protective efficacy relationships. We synthesized, purified, and characterized four p3 peptide-based vaccine candidates with: (a) lipidic (lipid core peptide (LCP)); (b) classical polymeric (polymethylacrylate (PMA)); and (c) novel polymeric (polyleucine in a branched or linear arrangement, BL10 or LL10, respectively) groups as self-adjuvanting moieties. BL10 and LL10 induced the highest serum anti-p3 and anti-APR-1 IgG titers. Upon challenge with rodent hookworms, the highest significant reduction in worm burden was observed in mice immunized with LL10. APR-1-specific serum IgG titers correlated with worm burden reduction. Thus, we provide the first vaccine-triggered immune response-protection relationship for hookworm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (J.Y.); (W.M.H.); (I.T.)
| | - Luke Becker
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (L.B.); (P.G.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Jieru Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (J.Y.); (W.M.H.); (I.T.)
| | - Paul Giacomin
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (L.B.); (P.G.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Mark Pearson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (L.B.); (P.G.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (J.Y.); (W.M.H.); (I.T.)
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (L.B.); (P.G.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (J.Y.); (W.M.H.); (I.T.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (J.Y.); (W.M.H.); (I.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Arumugam AC, Agharbaoui FE, Khazali AS, Yusof R, Abd Rahman N, Ahmad Fuaad AAH. Computational-aided design: minimal peptide sequence to block dengue virus transmission into cells. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:5026-5035. [PMID: 33382015 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1866074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DV) infection is one of the main public health concerns, affecting approximately 390 million people worldwide, as reported by the World Health Organization. Yet, there is no antiviral treatment for DV infection. Therefore, the development of potent and nontoxic anti-DV, as a complement for the existing treatment strategies, is urgently needed. Herein, we investigate a series of small peptides inhibitors of DV antiviral activity targeting the entry process as the promising strategy to block DV infection. The peptides were designed based on our previously reported peptide sequence, DN58opt (TWWCFYFCRRHHPFWFFYRHN), to identify minimal effective inhibitory sequence through molecular docking and dynamics studies. The in silico designed peptides were synthesized using conventional Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis chemistry, purified by RP-HPLC and characterized using LCMS. Later, they were screened for their antiviral activity. One of the peptides, AC 001, was able to reduce about 40% of DV plaque formation. This observation correlates well with the molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) analysis - AC 001 showed the most favorable binding affinity through 60 ns simulations. Pairwise residue decomposition analysis has revealed four key residues that contributed to the binding of these peptides into the DV2 E protein pocket. This work identifies the minimal peptide sequence required to inhibit DV replication and explains the behavior observed on an atomic level using computational study.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aathe Cangaree Arumugam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, DDDRG, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmad Suhail Khazali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorsaadah Abd Rahman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, DDDRG, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bartlett S, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Lipids as Activators of Innate Immunity in Peptide Vaccine Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2887-2901. [PMID: 30362416 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181026100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune system plays an important role in pathogen detection and the recognition of vaccines, mainly through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that identify pathogen components (danger signals). One of the typically recognised bacterial components are lipids in conjugation with peptides, proteins and saccharides. Lipidic compounds are readily recognised by the immune system, and thus are ideal candidates for peptide- based vaccine delivery. Thus, bacterial or synthetic lipids mixed with, or conjugated to, antigens have shown adjuvant properties. These systems have many advantages over traditional adjuvants, including low toxicity and good efficacy for stimulating mucosal and systemic immune responses. METHODS The most recent literature on the role of lipids in stimulation of immune responses was selected for this review. The vast majority of reviewed papers were published in the last decade. Older but significant findings are also cited. RESULTS This review focuses on the development of lipopeptide vaccine systems including application of palmitic acid, bacterial lipopeptides, glycolipids and the lipid core peptide and their routes of administration. The use of liposomes as a delivery system that incorporates lipopeptides is discussed. The review also includes a brief description of immune system in relation to vaccinology and discussion on vaccine delivery routes. CONCLUSION Lipids and their conjugates are an ideal frontrunner in the development of safe and efficient vaccines for different immunisation routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Bartlett
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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13
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Dai C, Khalil ZG, Hussein WM, Yang J, Wang X, Zhao L, Capon RJ, Toth I, Stephenson RJ. Opsonic Activity of Conservative Versus Variable Regions of the Group A Streptococcus M Protein. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020210. [PMID: 32392777 PMCID: PMC7349123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and GAS-associated infections are a global challenge, with no licensed GAS vaccine on the market. The GAS M protein is a critical virulence factor in the fight against GAS infection, and it has been a primary target for GAS vaccine development. Measuring functional opsonic antibodies against GAS is an important component in the clinical development path for effective vaccines. In this study, we compared the opsonic activity of two synthetic, self-adjuvanting subunit vaccines containing either the J8- or 88/30-epitope in Swiss outbred mice using intranasal administration. Following primary immunization and three boosts, sera were assessed for IgG activity using ELISA, and opsonization activity against seven randomly selected clinical isolates of GAS was measured. Vaccine constructs containing the conservative J8-epitope showed significant opsonic activity against six out of the seven GAS clinical isolates, while the vaccine containing the variable 88/30-epitope did not show any significant opsonic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankai Dai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.D.); (W.M.H.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Zeinab G. Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.D.); (W.M.H.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (I.T.)
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Jieru Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.D.); (W.M.H.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Xiumin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.D.); (W.M.H.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (I.T.)
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.D.); (W.M.H.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.D.); (W.M.H.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (I.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Rachel J. Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.D.); (W.M.H.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Bartlett S, Skwarczynski M, Xie X, Toth I, Loukas A, Eichenberger RM. Development of natural and unnatural amino acid delivery systems against hookworm infection. PRECISION NANOMEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.33218/prnano3(1).191210.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based vaccines consist of short antigen fragments derived from a specific pathogen. Alone, these peptide fragments are poorly or non-immunogenic; however, when incorporated into a proper delivery system, they can trigger strong immune responses. To eliminate the need for toxic and often ineffective oral adjuvants, we designed single molecule-based self-adjuvating vaccines against hookworms using natural and unnatural hydrophobic amino acids. Two vaccine conjugates were synthesized, consisting of B-cell epitope p3, derived from the hookworm Na-APR-1 protein; universal T-helper peptide P25; and either double copies of unnatural lipoamino acid (2-amino-D,L-eicosanoic acid), or ten copies of the natural amino acid leucine. After challenge with the model hookworm, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, mice orally immunized with the conjugates, but without adjuvant, generated antibody responses against the hookworm epitope, resulting in significantly reduced worm and egg burdens compared to control mice. We have demonstrated that vaccine nanoparticles composed exclusively of natural amino acids can be effective even when administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Xie
- The University of Queensland,, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland,, St Lucia, Australia
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15
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Bartlett S, Eichenberger RM, Nevagi RJ, Ghaffar KA, Marasini N, Dai Y, Loukas A, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Lipopeptide-Based Oral Vaccine Against Hookworm Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 221:934-942. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The human hookworm, Necator americanus, is a parasite that infects almost half a billion people worldwide. Although treatment is available, vaccination is favorable to combat the spread of this parasite due to its wide distribution and continuous reinfection cycle in endemic communities.
Methods
We have designed a lipopeptide oral delivery system using a B-cell epitope derived from the aspartic protease Na-APR-1 from N americanus, attached to a T-helper epitope. Lipopeptides were self-assembled into nanoparticles or entrapped in liposomes that were electrostatically coated with alginate and trimethyl chitosan polymer shields. The adjuvant-free vaccine candidates were orally administered to mice and generated a humoral immune response against both peptide antigen, and the parent protein in the hookworm gut.
Results
The vaccine candidates were evaluated in a rodent hookworm challenge model, resulting in up to 98% and 99% decreases in mean intestinal worm and egg burdens in immunized mice, respectively.
Conclusions
Lipopeptide survived the gastrointestinal conditions, induced humoral immune responses and drived protection against parasite challenge infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Bartlett
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ramon M Eichenberger
- James Cook University, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, Cairns, Australia
| | - Reshma J Nevagi
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Nirmal Marasini
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Yang Dai
- James Cook University, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, Cairns, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- James Cook University, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, Cairns, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Australia
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16
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Nevagi RJ, Dai W, Khalil ZG, Hussein WM, Capon RJ, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Structure-activity relationship of group A streptococcus lipopeptide vaccine candidates in trimethyl chitosan-based self-adjuvanting delivery system. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:100-108. [PMID: 31247372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic peptide vaccines based on epitopes derived from the conserved region of M-protein are proving to be a realistic option for protection against group A streptococcus (GAS). However, peptide epitopes alone are poorly immunogenic due to lack of pathogen-associated structural patterns. Therefore, we developed a GAS peptide vaccine based on combined lipidic TLR 2 agonist and self-adjuvanting polymers. We synthesized three α-poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) conjugated lipopeptides composed of 2-amino-d,l-hexadecanoic acid, GAS B-cell peptide epitope J8 (QAEDKVKQSREAKKQVEKALKQLEDKVQ) and universal T-helper epitope PADRE (AKFVAAWTLKAAA) in different spatial arrangements. The anionic lipopeptide conjugates formed nanoparticles via ionic-complexation with a cationic polymer, trimethyl chitosan (TMC). We demonstrated that the spatial arrangement of vaccine components has a significant influence on peptide conformation and particle formation and, as such, contributes to the differential efficacy and opsonin-mediated killing potential of nanovaccines. Nanoparticles carrying branched helical lipopeptide with T-helper epitope on free N-termini (NP3) stimulated the most potent humoral immune responses. Lipopeptides without TMC (LP1-LP3) and TMC nanoparticles of peptide alone (without lipid) NP (P1) were poor inducers of antibody production, indicating that both TMC and lipid are required to induce a strong opsonic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma J Nevagi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Wei Dai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zeinab G Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Helwan University, Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ein Helwan, Helwan, 11795, Egypt
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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17
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Trapani A, Tripodo G, Mandracchia D, Cioffi N, Ditaranto N, De Leo V, Cordero H, Esteban MA. Glutathione-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles based on Gelucire® 50/13: Spectroscopic characterization and interactions with fish cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Eichenberger RM, Sotillo J, Loukas A. Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:704-713. [PMID: 29808496 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites (worms) have evolved a vast array of strategies to manipulate their vertebrate hosts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all helminth species investigated thus far, and their salient roles in parasite-host interactions are being revealed. Parasite EVs directly interact with various cell types from their hosts, including immune cells, and roles for their molecular cargo in both regulation and promotion of inflammation in the host have been reported. Despite the growing body of literature on helminth EVs, limited availability of genetic manipulation tools for helminth research has precluded detailed investigation of specific molecular interactions between parasite EVs and host target cells. Here, we review the current state of the field and discuss innovative strategies targeting helminth EVs for the discovery and development of new therapeutic strategies, placing particular emphasis on both anti-helminth vaccines and EV small RNAs for treating noninfectious inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M Eichenberger
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- ParaGen Bio Laboratories, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- ParaGen Bio Laboratories, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
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19
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Jaberolansar N, Chappell KJ, Watterson D, Bermingham IM, Toth I, Young PR, Skwarczynski M. Induction of high titred, non-neutralising antibodies by self-adjuvanting peptide epitopes derived from the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11130. [PMID: 28894111 PMCID: PMC5593926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. The significant morbidity and mortality rates associated with RSV infection make an effective RSV vaccine development a priority. Two neutralising antibody binding sites, Ø and II, located on the pre-fusion RSV F glycoprotein are prime candidates for epitope-focused vaccine design. We report on a vaccine strategy that utilises a lipid core peptide (LCP) delivery system with self-adjuvanting properties in conjunction with either the antigenic site Ø or II (B cell epitopes) along with PADRE as a T helper cell epitope. These LCP constructs adopted the desired helical conformation in solution and were recognised by their cognate antibodies D25 and Motavizumab, specific for site Ø and II on RSV F protein, respectively. The LCP constructs were capable of eliciting higher levels of antigen specific antibodies than those induced by antigens administered with complete Freund's adjuvant, demonstrating the potent adjuvanting properties of LCP delivery. However, the antibodies induced failed to recognise native F protein or neutralise virus infectivity. These results provide a note of caution in assuming that peptide vaccines, successfully designed to structurally mimic minimal linear B cell epitopes, will necessarily elicit the desired immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Jaberolansar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Imogen M Bermingham
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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20
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Zhao G, Chandrudu S, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. The application of self-assembled nanostructures in peptide-based subunit vaccine development. Eur Polym J 2017; 93:670-681. [PMID: 32226094 PMCID: PMC7094324 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smaller polymer-peptide conjugates-based nanoparticles are often more immunogenic. Lipid-antigen conjugates-based nanoparticles can interact with immune receptors. Peptides with β-sheet conformation usually form nanofibers. α-Helical and random coil peptides tend to self-assemble into nanoparticles. Peptide-based nanostructures are usually poorer inducers of immune responses.
Peptide based-vaccines are becoming one of the most widely investigated prophylactic and therapeutic health care interventions against a variety of diseases, including cancer. However, the lack of a safe and highly efficient adjuvant (immune stimulant) is regarded as the biggest obstacle to vaccine development. The incorporation of a peptide antigen in a nanostructure-based delivery system was recently shown to overcome this obstacle. Nanostructures are often formed from antigens conjugated to molecules such as polymers, lipids, and peptide, with the help of self-assembly phenomenon. This review describes the application of self-assembly process for the production of peptide-based vaccine candidates and the ability of these nanostructures to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Key Words
- (C18)2, N,N-dioctadecyl succinamic acid
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- BMA, butyl methacrylate
- C16, 2-(R/S)-hexadecanoic acid
- CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant
- Conjugation
- CuAAC, copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GAS, group A streptococcus
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- IFA, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LCP, lipid core peptide
- Lipopeptide
- Nanofiber
- Nanoparticle
- OVA, ovalbumin
- PADRE, pan DR epitope
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDSMA, pyridyl disulfide methacrylamide
- PEG-PPS, poly(ethylene glycol)-stabilized poly(propylene sulfide) core nanoparticle
- Pam2Cys, dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine
- Pam3Cys, tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine
- PbCSP, Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein
- Polymer
- SAP, self-assembling polypeptide
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- Self-assembly
- T-VEC, talimogene laherparepvec
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TLR2, toll-like receptor 2
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- VLP, virus-like particle
- Vaccine
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Saranya Chandrudu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Corresponding author at: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Ghaffar KA, Marasini N, Giddam AK, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Liposome-based intranasal delivery of lipopeptide vaccine candidates against group A streptococcus. Acta Biomater 2016; 41:161-8. [PMID: 27063491 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Group A streptococcus (GAS), an exclusively human pathogen, causes a wide range of diseases ranging from trivial to life threatening. Treatment of infection is often ineffective following entry of bacteria into the bloodstream. To date, there is no vaccine available against GAS. In this study, cationic liposomes encapsulating lipopeptide-based vaccine candidates against GAS have been employed for intranasal vaccine delivery. Cationic liposomes were prepared with dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) using the film hydration method. Female Swiss mice were immunized intranasally with the liposomes. In contrast to unmodified peptides, lipopeptides entrapped by liposomes induced both mucosal and systemic immunity, IgA and IgG (IgG1 and IgG2a) production in mice, respectively. High levels of antibody (IgA and IgG) titres were detected even five months post immunization. Thus, the combination of lipopeptides and liposomes generates a very promising delivery system for intranasal vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Group A streptococcus, causing rheumatic heart diseases, kills approximately half a million people annually. There is no vaccine available against the infection. Mucosal immunity is vital in ensuring an individual is protected as this gram positive bacteria initially colonizes at the throat. Herein, we demonstrated that lipopeptides entrapped by liposomes induced both mucosal and systemic immunity. High levels of antibody (IgA and IgG) titres were detected even five months post immunization and lead vaccine candidate was able to induce humoral immune responses even after single immunization. Thus, the combination of lipopeptides and liposomes generates a very promising delivery system for intranasal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Abdul Ghaffar
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nirmal Marasini
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ashwini Kumar Giddam
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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22
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Chan A, Hussein WM, Ghaffar KA, Marasini N, Mostafa A, Eskandari S, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Structure–activity relationship of lipid core peptide-based Group A Streptococcus vaccine candidates. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3095-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Azmi F, Elliott AG, Marasini N, Ramu S, Ziora Z, Kavanagh AM, Blaskovich MAT, Cooper MA, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Short cationic lipopeptides as effective antibacterial agents: Design, physicochemical properties and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2235-41. [PMID: 27048775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The spread of drug-resistant bacteria has imparted a sense of urgency in the search for new antibiotics. In an effort to develop a new generation of antibacterial agents, we have designed de novo charged lipopeptides inspired by natural antimicrobial peptides. These short lipopeptides are composed of cationic lysine and hydrophobic lipoamino acids that replicate the amphiphilic properties of natural antimicrobial peptides. The resultant lipopeptides were found to self-assemble into nanoparticles. Some were effective against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including strains resistant to methicillin, daptomycin and/or vancomycin. The lipopeptides were not toxic to human kidney and liver cell lines and were highly resistant to tryptic degradation. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of bacteria cells treated with lipopeptide showed membrane-damage and lysis with extrusion of cytosolic contents. With such properties in mind, these lipopeptides have the potential to be developed as new antibacterial agents against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazren Azmi
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; National University of Malaysia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Nirmal Marasini
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Soumya Ramu
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Zyta Ziora
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Angela M Kavanagh
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
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