1
|
Vu LY, Luo D, Johnson K, Denehy ED, Songrady JC, Martin J, Trivedi R, Alsum AR, Shaykin JD, Chaudhary CL, Woloshin EJ, Kornberger L, Bhuiyan N, Parkin S, Jiang Q, Che T, Alilain W, Turner JR, Bardo MT, Prisinzano TE. Searching for Synthetic Opioid Rescue Agents: Identification of a Potent Opioid Agonist with Reduced Respiratory Depression. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9173-9193. [PMID: 38810170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
While in the process of designing more effective synthetic opioid rescue agents, we serendipitously identified a new chemotype of potent synthetic opioid. Here, we report that conformational constraint of a piperazine ring converts a mu opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist into a potent MOR agonist. The prototype of the series, which we have termed atoxifent (2), possesses potent in vitro agonist activity. In mice, atoxifent displayed long-lasting antinociception that was reversible with naltrexone. Repeated dosing of atoxifent produced antinociceptive tolerance and a level of withdrawal like that of fentanyl. In rats, while atoxifent produced complete loss of locomotor activity like fentanyl, it failed to produce deep respiratory depression associated with fentanyl-induced lethality. Assessment of brain biodistribution demonstrated ample distribution of atoxifent into the brain with a Tmax of approximately 0.25 h. These results indicate enhanced safety for atoxifent-like molecules compared to fentanyl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loan Y Vu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Kai Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Emily D Denehy
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Judy C Songrady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jocelyn Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Riya Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Alexia R Alsum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jakob D Shaykin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Chhabi L Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Eric J Woloshin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Lindsay Kornberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Nazmul Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Qianru Jiang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tao Che
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Warren Alilain
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sedikides A, Lennox AJJ. Silver-Catalyzed ( Z)-β-Fluoro-vinyl Iodonium Salts from Alkynes: Efficient and Selective Syntheses of Z-Monofluoroalkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15672-15680. [PMID: 38829699 PMCID: PMC11177317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Monofluoroalkenes are stable and lipophilic amide bioisosteres used in medicinal chemistry. However, efficient and stereoselective methods for synthesizing Z-monofluoroalkenes are underdeveloped. We envisage (Z)-β-fluoro-vinyl iodonium salts (Z-FVIs) as coupling partners for the diverse and stereoselective synthesis of Z-monofluoroalkenes. Disclosed herein is the development and application of a silver(I)-catalyzed process for accessing a broad scope of (Z)-FVIs with exclusive Z-stereoselectivity and regioselectivity from alkynes in a single step. Experimental and computational studies provide insight into the mechanism of the catalytic cycle and the role of the silver(I) catalyst, and the reactivity of (Z)-FVIs is explored through several stereospecific derivatizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexi
T. Sedikides
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J. J. Lennox
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kijewska M, Wołczański G, Kosson P, Wieczorek R, Lisowski M, Stefanowicz P. Stapling of leu-enkephalin analogs with bifunctional reagents for prolonged analgesic activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3023-3026. [PMID: 38356394 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06345c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of leu-enkephalin analogs by replacing the glycine residues with N-(2-thioethyl)glycines and opening the cyclisation potential is presented. The cyclization (stapling) was achieved using bifunctional reagents (hexafluorobenzene and trithiocyanuric acid derivatives). The CD conformational studies of the stapled analogs suggest that the peptides adopt the type I β-turn conformation, which is in agreement with the theoretical analysis. The analog containing a trithiocyanuric acid derivative with a benzyl substituent shows potent analgesic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kijewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Wołczański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kosson
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Robert Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marek Lisowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang H, Wang J, Jin C, Li X, Xu X. Au(I)-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrofluorination of Propargylamines Using Aqueous HF. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12074-12078. [PMID: 37494279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed regioselective hydrofluorination of alkynes using aqueous HF has been achieved by employing an amide directing group. For both aryl- and alkyl-substituted propargylamines, the fluorination occurred at the site distal to the amino group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Can Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee YS. Peptidomimetics and Their Applications for Opioid Peptide Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091241. [PMID: 36139079 PMCID: PMC9496382 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various advantages, opioid peptides have been limited in their therapeutic uses due to the main drawbacks in metabolic stability, blood-brain barrier permeability, and bioavailability. Therefore, extensive studies have focused on overcoming the problems and optimizing the therapeutic potential. Currently, numerous peptide-based drugs are being marketed thanks to new synthetic strategies for optimizing metabolism and alternative routes of administration. This tutorial review briefly introduces the history and role of natural opioid peptides and highlights the key findings on their structure-activity relationships for the opioid receptors. It discusses details on opioid peptidomimetics applied to develop therapeutic candidates for the treatment of pain from the pharmacological and structural points of view. The main focus is the current status of various mimetic tools and the successful applications summarized in tables and figures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Podversnik H, Jha S, Macheroux P, Breinbauer R. Design and synthesis of efficient fluororethylene-peptidomimetic inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP3). Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116831. [PMID: 35623134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP3) is a ubiquitously expressed zinc-dependent peptide cutting enzyme and selectively hydrolyses amide bonds to cleave N-terminal dipeptide fragments off of physiologically important oligopeptides. DPP3 has been found in a multitude of different types of cells and appears to be involved in various physiological processes (e.g. nociception, blood pressure control, protein turnover). Using the slowly converted peptide substrate tynorphin (VVYPW) as starting point, we have replaced the scissile bond with a fluoroethylene bioisostere to design ground state inhibitors, which led to the so far most effective peptide-based inhibitor of DPP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Podversnik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Shalinee Jha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BIOTECHMED, Graz A-8010, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BIOTECHMED, Graz A-8010, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A Mini-Review on Potential of Neuropeptides as Future Therapeutics. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
8
|
Sharma KK, Cassell RJ, Meqbil YJ, Su H, Blaine AT, Cummins BR, Mores KL, Johnson DK, van Rijn RM, Altman RA. Modulating β-arrestin 2 recruitment at the δ- and μ-opioid receptors using peptidomimetic ligands. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1958-1967. [PMID: 34825191 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
μ-Opioid receptor agonists provide potent and effective acute analgesia; however, their therapeutic window narrows considerably upon repeated administration, such as required for treating chronic pain. In contrast, bifunctional μ/δ opioid agonists, such as the endogenous enkephalins, have potential for treating both acute and chronic pain. However, enkephalins recruit β-arrestins, which correlate with certain adverse effects at μ- and δ-opioid receptors. Herein, we identify the C-terminus of Tyr-ψ[(Z)CF[double bond, length as m-dash]CH]-Gly-Leu-enkephalin, a stable enkephalin derivative, as a key site to regulate bias of both δ- and μ-opioid receptors. Using in vitro assays, substitution of the Leu5 carboxylate with amides (NHEt, NMe2, NCyPr) reduced β-arrestin recruitment efficacy through both the δ-opioid and μ-opioid, while retaining affinity and cAMP potency. For this series, computational studies suggest key ligand-receptor interactions that might influence bias. These findings should enable the discovery of a range of tool compounds with previously unexplored biased μ/δ opioid agonist pharmacological profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Sharma
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University USA
| | - Robert J Cassell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA
| | - Yazan J Meqbil
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA .,Computational Interdisciplinary Graduate Program (CIGP), Purdue University USA
| | - Hongyu Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA
| | - Arryn T Blaine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA .,Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Science Graduate Program, Purdue University USA
| | | | - Kendall L Mores
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Core and Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, The University of Kansas USA
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA .,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University USA
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA .,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kleebauer L, Zborovsky L, Hommernick K, Seidel M, Weston JB, Süssmuth RD. Overcoming AlbD Protease Resistance and Improving Potency: Synthesis and Bioactivity of Antibacterial Albicidin Analogues with Amide Bond Isosteres. Org Lett 2021; 23:7023-7027. [PMID: 34398605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Albicidin is a potent antibacterial oligoaromatic peptide that is susceptible to the protease AlbD, a resistance factor. This potentially restricts the use of albicidin as a drug. To overcome this obstacle, we synthesized and evaluated six analogues with isosteric replacement of the key amide link. Protease stability was established while maintaining the antibacterial activity, including three analogues with up to eight times higher activity compared with the natural albicidin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Kleebauer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lieby Zborovsky
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kay Hommernick
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Seidel
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - John B Weston
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hedrick SL, Luo D, Kaska S, Niloy KK, Jackson K, Sarma R, Horn J, Baynard C, Leggas M, Butelman ER, Kreek MJ, Prisinzano TE. Design, synthesis, and preliminary evaluation of a potential synthetic opioid rescue agent. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:62. [PMID: 34503531 PMCID: PMC8427951 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most prominent opioid analgesics in the United States is the high potency agonist fentanyl. It is used in the treatment of acute and chronic pain and as an anesthetic adjuvant. When used inappropriately, however, ingestion of just a few milligrams of fentanyl or other synthetic opioid can cause opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), often leading to death. Currently, the treatment of choice for OIRD is the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Recent reports, however, suggest that higher doses or repeated dosing of naloxone (due to recurrence of respiratory depression) may be required to reverse fully fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, rendering this treatment inadequate. To combat this synthetic opioid overdose crisis, this research aims at identifying a novel opioid reversal agent with enhanced efficacy towards fentanyl and other synthetic opioids. Methods A series of naltrexone analogues were characterized for their ability to antagonize the effects of fentanyl in vitro utilizing a modified forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay. Lead analogue 29 was chosen to undergo further PK studies, followed by in vivo pharmacological analysis to determine its ability to antagonize opioid-induced antinociception in the hot plate assay. Results A series of potent MOR antagonists were identified, including the highly potent analogue 29 (IC50 = 2.06 nM). Follow-up PK studies revealed 29 to possess near 100% bioavailability following IP administration. Brain concentrations of 29 surpassed plasma concentrations, with an apparent terminal half-life of ~ 80 min in mice. In the hot plate assay, 29 dose-dependently (0.01–0.1 mg/kg; IP) and fully antagonized the antinociception induced by oxycodone (5.6 mg/kg; IP). Furthermore, the dose of 29 that is fully effective in preventing oxycodone-induced antinociception (0.1 mg/kg) was ineffective against locomotor deficits caused by the KOR agonist U50,488. Conclusions Methods have been developed that have utility to identify enhanced rescue agents for the treatment of OIRD. Analogue 29, possessing potent MOR antagonist activity in vitro and in vivo, provides a promising lead in our search for an enhanced synthetic opioid rescue agent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00758-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidnee L Hedrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sophia Kaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Kumar Kulldeep Niloy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Karen Jackson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Rupam Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jamie Horn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Caroline Baynard
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Isoda M, Uetake Y, Takimoto T, Tsuda J, Hosoya T, Niwa T. Convergent Synthesis of Fluoroalkenes Using a Dual-Reactive Unit. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1622-1632. [PMID: 33400531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroalkenes have shown importance as a metabolically stable isostere of amide compounds. To expedite the synthesis of diverse fluoroalkenes, we have developed a dual-reactive C2-unit, (Z)-1-boryl-1-fluoro-2-tosyloxyethene, containing nucleophilic and electrophilic moieties. Consecutive palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of this unit with aryl bromides and aryl boronic acids allow for the convergent synthesis of diverse trans-1,2-diaryl-substituted fluoroethenes in a chemoselective and stereoretentive manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Isoda
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuta Uetake
- Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tadashi Takimoto
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Junpei Tsuda
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takashi Niwa
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Talhami A, Swed A, Hess S, Ovadia O, Greenberg S, Schumacher-Klinger A, Rosenthal D, Shalev DE, Hurevich M, Lazarovici P, Hoffman A, Gilon C. Cyclizing Painkillers: Development of Backbone-Cyclic TAPS Analogs. Front Chem 2020; 8:532577. [PMID: 33282822 PMCID: PMC7689096 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.532577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Painkillers are commonly used medications. Native peptide painkillers suffer from various pharmacological disadvantages, while small molecule painkillers like morphine are highly addictive. We present a general approach aimed to use backbone-cyclization to develop a peptidomimetic painkiller. Backbone-cyclization was applied to transform the linear peptide Tyr-Arg-Phe-Sar (TAPS) into an active backbone-cyclic peptide with improved drug properties. We designed and synthesized a focused backbone-cyclic TAPS library with conformational diversity, in which the members of the library have the generic name TAPS c(n-m) where n and m represent the lengths of the alkyl chains on the nitrogens of Gly and Arg, respectively. We used a combined screening approach to evaluate the pharmacological properties and the potency of the TAPS c(n-m) library. We focused on an in vivo active compound, TAPS c(2-6), which is metabolically stable and has the potential to become a peripheral painkiller being a full μ opioid receptor functional agonist. To prepare a large quantity of TAPS c(2-6), we optimized the conditions of the on-resin reductive alkylation step to increase the efficiency of its SPPS. NMR was used to determine the solution conformation of the peptide lead TAPS c(2-6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Talhami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Swed
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shmuel Hess
- Meytav Technologies Incubator, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Oded Ovadia
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarit Greenberg
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Schumacher-Klinger
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Rosenthal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah E Shalev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumari S, Carmona AV, Tiwari AK, Trippier PC. Amide Bond Bioisosteres: Strategies, Synthesis, and Successes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12290-12358. [PMID: 32686940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. Bioisosterism is widely employed in the rational modification of lead compounds, being used to increase potency, enhance selectivity, improve pharmacokinetic properties, eliminate toxicity, and acquire novel chemical space to secure intellectual property. The introduction of a bioisostere leads to structural changes in molecular size, shape, electronic distribution, polarity, pKa, dipole or polarizability, which can be either favorable or detrimental to biological activity. This approach has opened up new avenues in drug design and development resulting in more efficient drug candidates introduced onto the market as well as in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we review the strategic decisions in selecting an amide bioisostere (the why), synthetic routes to each (the how), and success stories of each bioisostere (the implementation) to provide a comprehensive overview of this important toolbox for medicinal chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
This paper is the fortieth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2017 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Drouin M, Wadhwani P, Grage SL, Bürck J, Reichert J, Tremblay S, Mayer MS, Diel C, Staub A, Paquin JF, Ulrich AS. Monofluoroalkene-Isostere as a 19 F NMR Label for the Peptide Backbone: Synthesis and Evaluation in Membrane-Bound PGLa and (KIGAKI) 3. Chemistry 2020; 26:1511-1517. [PMID: 31867761 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state 19 F NMR is a powerful method to study the interactions of biologically active peptides with membranes. So far, in labelled peptides, the 19 F-reporter group has always been installed on the side chain of an amino acid. Given the fact that monofluoroalkenes are non-hydrolyzable peptide bond mimics, we have synthesized a monofluoroalkene-based dipeptide isostere, Val-Ψ[(Z)-CF=CH]-Gly, and inserted it in the sequence of two well-studied antimicrobial peptides: PGLa and (KIGAKI)3 are representatives of an α-helix and a β-sheet. The conformations and biological activities of these labeled peptides were studied to assess the suitability of monofluoroalkenes for 19 F NMR structure analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Drouin
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Reichert
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sébastien Tremblay
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie Sabine Mayer
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Diel
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Staub
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xin J, Leng F. N‐Arylation of Fluoroalkylamine and Trifluoroacetamide through Cu–Catalysis. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xin
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University No.11 Xitoutiao outside You'anmen Beijing 100069 P. R. China
| | - Faqiang Leng
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University No.11 Xitoutiao outside You'anmen Beijing 100069 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun S, Jia Q, Zhang Z. Applications of amide isosteres in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2535-2550. [PMID: 31377035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Isosteric replacement of amide groups is a classic practice in medicinal chemistry. This digest highlights the applications of most commonly employed amide isosteres in drug design aiming at improving potency and selectivity, optimizing physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, eliminating or modifying toxicophores, as well as providing novel intellectual property of lead compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Sun
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada.
| | - Qi Jia
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Zaihui Zhang
- Signalchem Lifesciences Corp., 110-13210, Vanier Place, Richmond, BC V6V 2J2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Beaudeau JL, Blais V, Holleran BJ, Bergeron A, Piñeyro G, Guérin B, Gendron L, Dory YL. N-Guanidyl and C-Tetrazole Leu-Enkephalin Derivatives: Efficient Mu and Delta Opioid Receptor Agonists with Improved Pharmacological Properties. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1615-1626. [PMID: 30614675 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leu-enkephalin and d-Ala2-Leu-enkephalin were modified at their N- and C-termini with guanidyl and tetrazole groups. The resulting molecules were prepared in solution or by solid phase peptide synthesis. The affinity of the different analogues at mu (MOP) and delta opioid receptors (DOP) was then assessed by competitive binding in stably transfected DOP and MOP HEK293 cells. Inhibition of cAMP production and recruitment of β-arrestin were also investigated. Finally, lipophilicity (logD7.4) and plasma stability of each compound were measured. Compared to the native ligands, we found that the replacement of the terminal carboxylate by a tetrazole slightly decreased both the affinity at mu and delta opioid receptors as well as the half-life. By contrast, replacing the ammonium at the N-terminus with a guanidyl significantly improved the affinity, the potency, as well as the lipophilicity and the stability of the resulting peptides. Replacing the glycine residue with a d-alanine in position 2 consistently improved the potency as well as the stability of the analogues. The best peptidomimetic of the whole series, guanidyl-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-tetrazole, displayed sub-nanomolar affinity and an increased lipophilicity. Moreover, it proved to be stable in plasma for up to 24 h, suggesting that the modifications are protecting the compound against protease degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Graciela Piñeyro
- Département de Psychiatrie, Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Synthesis of Leu-enkephalin peptidomimetics containing trifluoromethylalkenes as amide isopolar mimics. J Fluor Chem 2019; 218:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Altman RA, Sharma KK, Rajewski LG, Toren PC, Baltezor MJ, Pal M, Karad SN. Tyr 1-ψ[( Z)CF═CH]-Gly 2 Fluorinated Peptidomimetic Improves Distribution and Metabolism Properties of Leu-Enkephalin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1735-1742. [PMID: 29648788 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid peptides are key regulators in cellular and intercellular physiological responses, and could be therapeutically useful for modulating several pathological conditions. Unfortunately, the use of peptide-based agonists to target centrally located opioid receptors is limited by poor physicochemical (PC), distribution, metabolic, and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties that restrict penetration across the blood-brain barrier via passive diffusion. To address these problems, the present paper exploits fluorinated peptidomimetics to simultaneously modify PC and DMPK properties, thus facilitating entry into the central nervous system. As an initial example, the present paper exploited the Tyr1-ψ[( Z)CF═CH]-Gly2 peptidomimetic to improve PC druglike characteristics (computational), plasma and microsomal degradation, and systemic and CNS distribution of Leu-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu). Thus, the fluoroalkene replacement transformed an instable in vitro tool compound into a stable and centrally distributed in vivo probe. In contrast, the Tyr1-ψ[CF3CH2-NH]-Gly2 peptidomimetic decreased stability by accelerating proteolysis at the Gly3-Phe4 position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Krishna K. Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Lian G. Rajewski
- Biotechnology Innovation and Optimization Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Paul C. Toren
- Biotechnology Innovation and Optimization Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michael J. Baltezor
- Biotechnology Innovation and Optimization Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Mohan Pal
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Somnath N. Karad
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Meanwell NA. Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5822-5880. [PMID: 29400967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1292] [Impact Index Per Article: 215.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543-4000 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
A closer look is given to the successful approaches to the C(sp3)–F activation of benzylic, allylic, propargylic and allenylic fluorides.
Collapse
|
23
|
Drouin M, Paquin JF. Recent progress in the racemic and enantioselective synthesis of monofluoroalkene-based dipeptide isosteres. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2637-2658. [PMID: 29564002 PMCID: PMC5753175 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monofluoroalkenes are fluorinated motifs that can be used to replace amide bonds. In order to be incorporated into peptides, it is normally necessary to first synthesize a dipeptide where the amide bond has been replaced with a monofluoroalkene. In that context, this review will present the racemic and enantioselective synthesis of monofluoroalkene-based dipeptide isosteres described since 2007. Some applications of those compounds will also be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Drouin
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McCune CD, Beio ML, Sturdivant JM, de la Salud-Bea R, Darnell BM, Berkowitz DB. Synthesis and Deployment of an Elusive Fluorovinyl Cation Equivalent: Access to Quaternary α-(1'-Fluoro)vinyl Amino Acids as Potential PLP Enzyme Inactivators. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14077-14089. [PMID: 28906111 PMCID: PMC6052324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing specific chemical functionalities to deploy in biological environments for targeted enzyme inactivation lies at the heart of mechanism-based inhibitor development but also is central to other protein-tagging methods in modern chemical biology including activity-based protein profiling and proteolysis-targeting chimeras. We describe here a previously unknown class of potential PLP enzyme inactivators; namely, a family of quaternary, α-(1'-fluoro)vinyl amino acids, bearing the side chains of the cognate amino acids. These are obtained by the capture of suitably protected amino acid enolates with β,β-difluorovinyl phenyl sulfone, a new (1'-fluoro)vinyl cation equivalent, and an electrophile that previously eluded synthesis, capture and characterization. A significant variety of biologically relevant AA side chains are tolerated including those for alanine, valine, leucine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Following addition/elimination, the resulting transoid α-(1'-fluoro)-β-(phenylsulfonyl)vinyl AA-esters undergo smooth sulfone-stannane interchange to stereoselectively give the corresponding transoid α-(1'-fluoro)-β-(tributylstannyl)vinyl AA-esters. Protodestannylation and global deprotection then yield these sterically encumbered and densely functionalized quaternary amino acids. The α-(1'-fluoro)vinyl trigger, a potential allene-generating functionality originally proposed by Abeles, is now available in a quaternary AA context for the first time. In an initial test of this new inhibitor class, α-(1'-fluoro)vinyllysine is seen to act as a time-dependent, irreversible inactivator of lysine decarboxylase from Hafnia alvei. The enantiomers of the inhibitor could be resolved, and each is seen to give time-dependent inactivation with this enzyme. Kitz-Wilson analysis reveals similar inactivation parameters for the two antipodes, L-α-(1'-fluoro)vinyllysine (Ki = 630 ± 20 μM; t1/2 = 2.8 min) and D-α-(1'-fluoro)vinyllysine (Ki = 470 ± 30 μM; t1/2 = 3.6 min). The stage is now set for exploration of the efficacy of this trigger in other PLP-enzyme active sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brendan M. Darnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304
| | - David B. Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304
| |
Collapse
|