1
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Shapoval O, Patsula V, Větvička D, Engstová H, Oleksa V, Kabešová M, Vasylyshyn T, Poučková P, Horák D. Temoporfin-Conjugated PEGylated Poly( N, N-dimethylacrylamide)-Coated Upconversion Colloid for NIR-Induced Photodynamic Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 38888278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to cure pancreatic cancer with minimal side effects. Visible wavelengths are primarily used to activate hydrophobic photosensitizers, but in clinical practice, these wavelengths do not sufficiently penetrate deeper localized tumor cells. In this work, NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+,Fe2+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were coated with polymer and labeled with meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC; temoporfin) to enable near-infrared light (NIR)-triggered PDT of pancreatic cancer. The coating consisted of alendronate-terminated poly[N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide]-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) [P(DMA-AEM)-PEG-Ale] to ensure the chemical and colloidal stability of the particles in aqueous physiological fluids, thereby also improving the therapeutic efficacy. The designed particles were well tolerated by the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines CAPAN-2, PANC-1, and PA-TU-8902. After intratumoral injection of mTHPC-conjugated polymer-coated UCNPs and subsequent exposure to 980 nm NIR light, excellent PDT efficacy was achieved in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Shapoval
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Větvička
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Viktoriia Oleksa
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kabešová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Taras Vasylyshyn
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Poučková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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2
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Shapoval O, Větvička D, Patsula V, Engstová H, Kočková O, Konefał M, Kabešová M, Horák D. Temoporfin-Conjugated Upconversion Nanoparticles for NIR-Induced Photodynamic Therapy: Studies with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2694. [PMID: 38140035 PMCID: PMC10748036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles are interesting materials that have the potential for use in many applications ranging from solar energy harvesting to biosensing, light-triggered drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). One of the main requirements for the particles is their surface modification, in our case using poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) and temoporfin (THPC) photosensitizer to ensure the colloidal and chemical stability of the particles in aqueous media and the formation of singlet oxygen after NIR irradiation, respectively. Codoping of Fe2+, Yb3+, and Er3+ ions in the NaYF4 host induced upconversion emission of particles in the red region, which is dominant for achieving direct excitation of THPC. Novel monodisperse PMVEMA-coated upconversion NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+,Fe2+ nanoparticles (UCNPs) with chemically bonded THPC were found to efficiently transfer energy and generate singlet oxygen. The cytotoxicity of the UCNPs was determined in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines Capan-2, PANC-01, and PA-TU-8902. In vitro data demonstrated enhanced uptake of UCNP@PMVEMA-THPC particles by rat INS-1E insulinoma cells, followed by significant cell destruction after excitation with a 980 nm laser. Intratumoral administration of these nanoconjugates into a mouse model of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma caused extensive necrosis at the tumor site, followed by tumor suppression after NIR-induced PDT. In vitro and in vivo results thus suggest that this nanoconjugate is a promising candidate for NIR-induced PDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Shapoval
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Větvička
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kočková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kabešová
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Kostiv U, Natile MM, Jirák D, Půlpánová D, Jiráková K, Vosmanská M, Horák D. PEG-Neridronate-Modified NaYF 4:Gd 3+,Yb 3+,Tm 3+/NaGdF 4 Core-Shell Upconverting Nanoparticles for Bimodal Magnetic Resonance/Optical Luminescence Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14420-14429. [PMID: 34124464 PMCID: PMC8190901 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles are attracting extensive interest as a multimodal imaging tool. In this work, we report on the synthesis and characterization of gadolinium-enriched upconverting nanoparticles for bimodal magnetic resonance and optical luminescence imaging. NaYF4:Gd3+,Yb3+,Tm3+ core upconverting nanoparticles were obtained by a thermal coprecipitation of lanthanide oleate precursors in the presence of oleic acid as a stabilizer. With the aim of improving the upconversion emission and increasing the amount of Gd3+ ions on the nanoparticle surface, a 2.5 nm NaGdF4 shell was grown by the epitaxial layer-by-layer strategy, resulting in the 26 nm core-shell nanoparticles. Both core and core-shell nanoparticles were coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-neridronate (PEG-Ner) to have stable and well-dispersed upconverting nanoparticles in a biological medium. FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis indicated the presence of ∼20 wt % of PEG-Ner on the nanoparticle surface. The addition of inert NaGdF4 shell resulted in a total 26-fold enhancement of the emission under 980 nm excitation and also affected the T 1 and T 2 relaxation times. Both r 1 and r 2 relaxivities of PEG-Ner-modified nanoparticles were much higher compared to those of non-PEGylated particles, thus manifesting their potential as a diagnostic tool for magnetic resonance imaging. Together with the enhanced luminescence efficiency, upconverting nanoparticles might represent an efficient probe for bimodal in vitro and in vivo imaging of cells in regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and/or photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana Kostiv
- Department
of Polymer Particles, Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, Prague 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Maria Natile
- Institute
of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National
Research Council (CNR) and Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Daniel Jirák
- Radiodiagnostic
and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague 4, Prague 140 21, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Health Studies, Technical University
of Liberec, Studentská
1402/2, Liberec 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Půlpánová
- Faculty
of Health Studies, Technical University
of Liberec, Studentská
1402/2, Liberec 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Jiráková
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Magda Vosmanská
- University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Department
of Polymer Particles, Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, Prague 162 06, Czech Republic
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4
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Krajnik B, Golacki LW, Kostiv U, Horák D, Podhorodecki A. Single-Nanocrystal Studies on the Homogeneity of the Optical Properties of NaYF 4:Yb 3+,Er 3. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26537-26544. [PMID: 33110981 PMCID: PMC7581227 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Development of upconverting nanomaterials which are able to emit visible light upon near-infrared excitation opens a wide range of potential applications. Because of their remarkable photostability, they are widely used in bioimaging, optogenetics, and optoelectronics. In this work, we demonstrate the influence of several experimental conditions as well as a dopant concentration on the luminescence properties of upconverting nanocrystals (UPNCs) that need to be taken into account for their efficient use in the practical applications. We found that not only nanoparticle architecture affects the optical properties of UPNCs, but also factors such as sample concentration, excitation light power density, and temperature may influence the green-to-red emission ratio. We performed studies on both the single-nanoparticle and ensemble levels over a broad concentration range and found the heterogeneity in the optical properties of UPNCs with low dopant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Krajnik
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz W. Golacki
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Uliana Kostiv
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Podhorodecki
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Wang S, Wei Z, Li L, Ning X, Liu Y. Luminescence imaging-guided triple-collaboratively enhanced photodynamic therapy by bioresponsive lanthanide-based nanomedicine. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102265. [PMID: 32668297 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides a novel sight for non-invasive tumor ablation, which, however, is still limited by low converting efficiency and short life-time of produced singlet oxygen. In this work, a bioresponsive lanthanide-based nanomedicine, FeOOH-coated and toluidine blue (TB)-loaded NaLuF4:Yb,Er,Tm@NaLuF4, is constructed for tumor microenvironment-activated photodynamic therapy with triple-collaborative enhancing strategy. In response to intratumoral reducibility and acidity, coated FeOOH decomposes, eliminating reduced glutathione (GSH) and up-regulating intratumoral oxidative stress to enhance PDT. Besides, Fe2+ is also released from this redox process, which can improve intratumoral dissolved O2 for PDT by catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Lastly, quenched upconversion luminescence of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles also recovers, which allows more efficient energy transfer to TB and hence improves PDT efficiency. By the above triple-collaborative strategy, highly efficient photodynamic tumor ablation is performed in vivo. This work proposes a rigorous method to elevate photodynamic therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Liberation Army Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Centre, Beijing, China.
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Liberation Army Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ning
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Liberation Army Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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6
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Kostiv U, Engstová H, Krajnik B, Šlouf M, Proks V, Podhorodecki A, Ježek P, Horák D. Monodisperse Core-Shell NaYF 4:Yb 3+/Er 3+@NaYF 4:Nd 3+-PEG-GGGRGDSGGGY-NH 2 Nanoparticles Excitable at 808 and 980 nm: Design, Surface Engineering, and Application in Life Sciences. Front Chem 2020; 8:497. [PMID: 32596210 PMCID: PMC7303004 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have a unique capability of upconverting near-infrared (NIR) excitation into ultraviolet, visible, and NIR emission. Conventional UCNPs composed of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+(Tm3+) are excited by NIR light at 980 nm, where undesirable absorption by water can cause overheating or damage of living tissues and reduce nanoparticle luminescence. Incorporation of Nd3+ ions into the UCNP lattice shifts the excitation wavelength to 808 nm, where absorption of water is minimal. Herein, core-shell NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+ nanoparticles, which are doubly doped by sensitizers (Yb3+ and Nd3+) and an activator (Er3+) in the host NaYF4 matrix, were synthesized by high-temperature coprecipitation of lanthanide chlorides in the presence of oleic acid as a stabilizer. Uniform core (24 nm) and core-shell particles with tunable shell thickness (~0.5–4 nm) were thoroughly characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive analysis, selected area electron diffraction, and photoluminescence emission spectra at 808 and 980 nm excitation. To ensure dispersibility of the particles in biologically relevant media, they were coated by in-house synthesized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-neridronate terminated with an alkyne (Alk). The stability of the NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-Alk nanoparticles in water or 0.01 M PBS and the presence of PEG on the surface were determined by dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, the adhesive azidopentanoyl-modified GGGRGDSGGGY-NH2 (RGDS) peptide was immobilized on the NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-Alk particles via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The toxicity of the unmodified core-shell NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+, NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-Alk, and NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-RGDS nanoparticles on both Hep-G2 and HeLa cells was determined, confirming no adverse effect on their survival and proliferation. The interaction of the nanoparticles with Hep-G2 cells was monitored by confocal microscopy at both 808 and 980 nm excitation. The NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-RGDS nanoparticles were localized on the cell membranes due to specific binding of the RGDS peptide to integrins, in contrast to the NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-Alk particles, which were not engulfed by the cells. The NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-RGDS nanoparticles thus appear to be promising as a new non-invasive probe for specific bioimaging of cells and tissues. This development makes the nanoparticles useful for diagnostic and/or, after immobilization of a bioactive compound, even theranostic applications in the treatment of various fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Engstová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bartosz Krajnik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Proks
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Artur Podhorodecki
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Petr Ježek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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7
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Kostiv U, Farka Z, Mickert MJ, Gorris HH, Velychkivska N, Pop-Georgievski O, Pastucha M, Odstrčilíková E, Skládal P, Horák D. Versatile Bioconjugation Strategies of PEG-Modified Upconversion Nanoparticles for Bioanalytical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4502-4513. [PMID: 32392042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) display highly beneficial photophysical features for background-free bioimaging and bioanalysis; however, they are instable in high ionic strength buffers, have no functional groups, and are nonspecifically interacting. Here, we have prepared NIR-excitable UCNPs that are long-term colloidally stable in buffered media and possess functional groups. Heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers bearing neridronate and alkyne or maleimide were attached to UCNPs via a ligand exchange. Streptavidin (SA)-conjugates were prepared by click reaction of UCNP@PEG-alkyne and SA-azide. Antihuman serum albumin pAbF antibody was modified with azide groups and conjugated to UCNP@PEG-alkyne via click reaction; alternatively, the antibody, after mild reduction of its disulfide bonds, was conjugated to UCNP@PEG-maleimide. We employed these nanoconjugates as labels for an upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay. SA-based labels achieved the lowest LOD of 0.17 ng/mL for the target albumin, which was superior compared to a fluorescence immunoassay (LOD 0.59 ng/mL) or an enzyme-linked immunoassay (LOD 0.56 ng/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias J Mickert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadiia Velychkivska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Pastucha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Odstrčilíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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8
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Świętek M, Panchuk R, Skorokhyd N, Černoch P, Finiuk N, Klyuchivska O, Hrubý M, Molčan M, Berger W, Trousil J, Stoika R, Horák D. Magnetic Temperature-Sensitive Solid-Lipid Particles for Targeting and Killing Tumor Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:205. [PMID: 32328477 PMCID: PMC7161697 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic and temperature-sensitive solid lipid particles (mag. SLPs) were prepared in the presence of oleic acid-coated iron oxide (IO-OA) nanoparticles with 1-tetradecanol and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) as lipid and stabilizing surfactant-like agents, respectively. The particles, typically ~850 nm in hydrodynamic size, showed heat dissipation under the applied alternating magnetic field. Cytotoxic activity of the mag.SLPs, non-magnetic SLPs, and iron oxide nanoparticles was compared concerning the mammalian cancer cell lines and their drug-resistant counterparts using trypan blue exclusion test and MTT assay. The mag.SLPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human leukemia cell lines growing in suspension (Jurkat and HL-60/wt), as well as the doxorubicin (Dox)- and vincristine-resistant HL-60 sublines. The mag.SLPs showed higher cytotoxicity toward drug-resistant sublines as compared to Dox. The human glioblastoma cell line U251 growing in a monolayer culture was also sensitive to mag.SLPs cytotoxicity. Staining of U251 cells with the fluorescent dyes Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI) revealed that mag.SLPs treatment resulted in an increased number of cells with condensed chromatin and/or fragmented nuclei as well as with blebbing of the plasma membranes. While the Hoechst 33342 staining of cell suggested the pro-apoptotic activity of the particles, the PI staining indicated the pro-necrotic changes in the target cells. These conclusions were confirmed by Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins, study of DNA fragmentation (DNA laddering due to the inter-nucleosomal cleavage and DNA comets due to single strand breaks), as well as by FACS analysis of the patterns of cell cycle distribution (pre-G1 phase) and Annexin V/PI staining of the treated Jurkat cells. The induction of apoptosis or necrosis by the particles used to treat Jurkat cells depended on the dose of the particles. Production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was proposed as a potential mechanism of mag.SLPs-induced cytotoxicity. Accordingly, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical levels in mag.SLPs-treated Jurkat leukemic cells were increased by ~20–40 and ~70%, respectively. In contrast, the non-magnetic SLPs and neat iron oxides did not influence ROS levels significantly. Thus, the developed mag.SLPs can be used for effective killing of human tumor cells, including drug-resistant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Świętek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rostyslav Panchuk
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Skorokhyd
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Peter Černoch
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nataliya Finiuk
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Klyuchivska
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Matúš Molčan
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jirí Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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9
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Lo PC, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Pandey RK, Ng DKP, Torres T, Dumoulin F. The unique features and promises of phthalocyanines as advanced photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 49:1041-1056. [PMID: 31845688 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines exhibit superior photoproperties that make them a surely attractive class of photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Several derivatives are at various phases of clinical trials, and efforts have been put continuously to improve their photodynamic efficacy. To this end, various strategies have been applied to develop advanced phthalocyanines with optimised photoproperties, dual therapeutic actions, tumour-targeting properties and/or specific activation at tumour sites. The advantageous properties and potential of phthalocyanines as advanced photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer are highlighted in this tutorial review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Loo JFC, Chien YH, Yin F, Kong SK, Ho HP, Yong KT. Upconversion and downconversion nanoparticles for biophotonics and nanomedicine. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Detecting Variable Resistance by Fluorescence Intensity Ratio Technology. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19102400. [PMID: 31130683 PMCID: PMC6566200 DOI: 10.3390/s19102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a new method for detecting variable resistance during short time intervals by using an optical method. A novel variable-resistance sensor composed of up-conversion nanoparticles (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is designed based on characteristics of a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistive element. The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology based on green and red emissions is used to detect variable resistance. Combining the Boltzmann distributing law with Steinhart-Hart equation, the FIR and relative sensitivity SR as a function of resistance can be defined. The maximum value of SR is 1.039 × 10-3/Ω. This work reports a new method for measuring variable resistance based on the experimental data from fluorescence spectrum.
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Ansari AA, Ahmad N, Labis JP, El-Toni AM, Khan A. Aqueous dispersible green luminescent yttrium oxide:terbium microspheres with nanosilica shell coating. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 211:348-355. [PMID: 30583166 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tb-doped Y2O3 microspheres (MSs) were prepared via a homogeneous thermal degradation process at a low temperature and then coated with a nanosilica shell (Y2O3:Tb@SiO2) using a sol-gel process. The core MSs were highly crystalline and spherical with a porous surface, single cubic phase, and particle size of 100-250 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly showed the spherical shape of the as-prepared core MSs, which were fully covered with a thick and mesoporous nanosilica shell. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra displayed the well-resolved infrared absorption peaks of silica (SiO, SiOSi, etc.), confirming the presence of the silica surface coating. The core MSs retained their spherical shape even after heat treatment and subsequent silica surface coating. It was observed that the core/shell MSs are easily dispersible in aqueous media and form a semi-transparent colloidal solution. Ultraviolet/visible and zeta potential studies were tested to prove the changes in the surface chemistry of the as-designed core/shell MSs and compare with their core counterpart. The growth of the amorphous silica shell not only increased the particle size but also enhanced remarkably the solubility and colloidal stability of the MSs in aqueous media. The strongest emission lines originating from the characteristic intra-shell 4f-4f electronic transitions of Tb ions were quenched after silica layer deposition, but the MSs still showed strong green (5D4 → 7F5 at 530-560 nm as most dominant) emission efficiency, which indicates great potential in fluorescent bio-probes. The emission intensity is discussed in relation to the quenching mechanism induced by surface silanol (Si-OH) groups, particle size, and surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees A Ansari
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joselito P Labis
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed El-Toni
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aslam Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Silva RN, Vijayan AN, Westbrook E, Yu Z, Zhang P. Nanoparticle assisted nuclear relaxation-based oligonucleotide detection. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1062:118-123. [PMID: 30947987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present a proof-of-concept "on-off" detection scheme, which uses gadolinium phthalocyanine (GdTcPc)-grafted silica nanoparticles as paramagnetic centers, capable of modifying the transverse relaxation time (T2) of water protons in solution. A DNA strand (as probe) was conjugated to the GdTcPc to act as a recognition element. In the presence of the target DNA, which was complementary to the probe, an increase in the T2 value was detected, with magnitude proportional to the target DNA concentration. The linear range was observed from 30 to 140 nM, with limit of detection of 15 nM. The developed nuclear relaxation-based detection scheme is shown to be a simple, fast and selective method to detect DNA and could be useful in point-of-care diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Anjaly N Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Emily Westbrook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Zhao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
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Thanasekaran P, Chu CH, Wang SB, Chen KY, Gao HD, Lee MM, Sun SS, Li JP, Chen JY, Chen JK, Chang YH, Lee HM. Lipid-Wrapped Upconversion Nanoconstruct/Photosensitizer Complex for Near-Infrared Light-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:84-95. [PMID: 30500151 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive medical technology that has been applied in cancer treatment where it is accessible by direct or endoscope-assisted light irradiation. To lower phototoxicity and increase tissue penetration depth of light, great effort has been focused on developing new sensitizers that can utilize red or near-infrared (NIR) light for the past decades. Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have a unique property to transduce NIR excitation light to UV-vis emission efficiently. This property allows some low-cost, low-toxicity, commercially available visible light sensitizers, which originally are not suitable for deep tissue PDT, to be activated by NIR light and have been reported extensively in the past few years. However, some issues still remain in the UCNP-assisted PDT platform such as colloidal stability, photosensitizer loading efficiency, and accessibility for targeting ligand installation, despite some advances in this direction. In this study, we designed a facile phospholipid-coated UCNP method to generate a highly colloidally stable nanoplatform that can effectively load a series of visible light sensitizers in the lipid layers. The loading stability and singlet oxygen generation efficiency of this sensitizer-loaded lipid-coated UCNP platform were investigated. We also have demonstrated the enhanced cellular uptake efficiency and tumor cell selectivity of this lipid-coated UCNP platform by changing the lipid dopant. On the basis of the evidence of our results, the lipid-complexed UCNP nanoparticles could serve as an effective photosensitizer carrier for NIR light-mediated PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Hang Chu
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Bo Wang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 10608 , Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 10608 , Taiwan
| | - Hua-De Gao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Mandy M Lee
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine , National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli 350 , Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine , National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli 350 , Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine , National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli 350 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsu Chang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 10608 , Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
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Oliveira H, Bednarkiewicz A, Falk A, Fröhlich E, Lisjak D, Prina‐Mello A, Resch S, Schimpel C, Vrček IV, Wysokińska E, Gorris HH. Critical Considerations on the Clinical Translation of Upconversion Nanoparticles (UCNPs): Recommendations from the European Upconversion Network (COST Action CM1403). Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801233. [PMID: 30536962 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The unique photoluminescent properties of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted worldwide research interest and inspired many bioanalytical applications. The anti-Stokes emission with long luminescence lifetimes, narrow and multiple absorption and emission bands, and excellent photostability enable background-free and multiplexed detection in deep tissues. So far, however, in vitro and in vivo applications of UCNPs are restricted to the laboratory use due to safety concerns. Possible harmful effects may originate from the chemical composition but also from the small size of UCNPs. Potential end users must rely on well-founded safety data. Thus, a risk to benefit assessment of the envisioned combined therapeutic and diagnostic ("theranostic") applications is fundamentally important to bridge the translational gap between laboratory and clinics. The COST Action CM1403 "The European Upconversion Network-From the Design of Photon-Upconverting Nanomaterials to Biomedical Applications" integrates research on UCNPs ranging from fundamental materials synthesis and research, detection instrumentation, biofunctionalization, and bioassay development to toxicity testing. Such an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for a better and safer theranostic use of UCNPs. Here, the status of nanotoxicity research on UCNPs is compared to other nanomaterials, and routes for the translation of UCNPs into clinical applications are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Oliveira
- Department of BiologyCESAM‐Centre for Environmental and Marine StudiesCICECO‐Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUniversity of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Artur Bednarkiewicz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences ul.Okolna 2 50422 Wroclaw Poland
- PORT Sp. z o.o. Stablowicka 147 Str. 54‐066 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Andreas Falk
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH Steyrergasse 17 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical ResearchMedical University of Graz Stiftingtalstrasse 24 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Darja Lisjak
- Department for Materials SynthesisJožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Adriele Prina‐Mello
- LBCAM and Nanomedicine LaboratoryTrinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin 8 Republic of Ireland
| | - Susanne Resch
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH Steyrergasse 17 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Christa Schimpel
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH Steyrergasse 17 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health Ksaverska cesta 2 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Edyta Wysokińska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of Sciences Wrocław Poland
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryChemo‐ and BiosensorsUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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Podhorodecki A, Krajnik B, Golacki LW, Kostiv U, Pawlik G, Kaczmarek M, Horák D. Percolation limited emission intensity from upconverting NaYF 4:Yb 3+,Er 3+ nanocrystals - a single nanocrystal optical study. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21186-21196. [PMID: 30417193 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05961f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Upconverting nanocrystals (UCNC) have recently been subjected to intensive investigation due to their interesting optical properties and high potential for practical applications. Despite the level of attention paid to these materials, very low quantum yield is still an important issue. In order to break through this limitation, understanding of the emission intensity limitation is crucial. In this paper, we investigate the influence of percolation phenomena on the limitation of the emission intensity from NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals. We propose a numerical model and support this experimentally at the single nanocrystal level, explaining the influence of Yb3+ concentration on the optical properties of UCNC. Moreover, based on the experimental and numerical results, we explain the existence of the optimal Yb3+ concentration in the core architecture often reported in the literature. All the measurements have been performed using a custom-built wide-field fluorescence microscope to analyze the emission from hundreds of single nanocrystals and thus make analysis independent of UCNC concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Podhorodecki
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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