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Remmo A, Löwa N, Kosch O, Eberbeck D, Ludwig A, Kampen L, Grüttner C, Wiekhorst F. Cell Tracking by Magnetic Particle Imaging: Methodology for Labeling THP-1 Monocytes with Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cellular Imaging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182892. [PMID: 36139467 PMCID: PMC9496715 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a noninvasive tomographic imaging modality for the quantitative visualization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with high temporal and spatial resolution. The general capability of MPI for cell tracking (e.g., monitoring living cells labeled with MNPs) has successfully been shown. MNPs in cell culture media are often subjected to structural and magnetic changes. In addition to the deteriorating reproducibility, this also complicates the systematic study of the relationship between the MNP properties and their cellular uptake for MPI. Here, we present a method for the preparation of magnetically labeled THP-1 (Tamm-Horsfall Protein-1) monocytes that are used in MPI cell tracking. The method development was performed using two different MPI tracers, which exhibited electrostatic and steric stabilizations, respectively. In the first step, the interaction between the MNPs and cell culture media was investigated and adjusted to ensure high structural and magnetic stability. Furthermore, the influences of the incubation time, MNP concentration used for cellular uptake, and individual preparation steps (e.g., the washing of cells) were systematically investigated. Finally, the success of the developed loading method was demonstrated by the MPI measurements. The presented systematic investigation of the factors that influence the MNP loading of cells will help to develop a reliable and reproducible method for MPI monocyte tracking for the early detection of inflammation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Remmo
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Norbert Löwa
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Kosch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Eberbeck
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Ludwig
- Charité, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Kampen
- Charité, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cordula Grüttner
- Micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Fouquet JP, Sikpa D, Lebel R, Sibgatulin R, Krämer M, Herrmann KH, Deistung A, Tremblay L, Reichenbach JR, Lepage M. Characterization of microparticles of iron oxide for magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 92:67-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abbas H, Broche LM, Ezdoglian A, Li D, Yuecel R, James Ross P, Cheyne L, Wilson HM, Lurie DJ, Dawson DK. Fast field-cycling magnetic resonance detection of intracellular ultra-small iron oxide particles in vitro: Proof-of-concept. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 313:106722. [PMID: 32248086 PMCID: PMC7167511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation is central in disease pathophysiology and accurate methods for its detection and quantification are increasingly required to guide diagnosis and therapy. Here we explored the ability of Fast Field-Cycling Magnetic Resonance (FFC-MR) in quantifying the signal of ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) phagocytosed by J774 macrophage-like cells as a proof-of-principle. METHODS Relaxation rates were measured in suspensions of J774 macrophage-like cells loaded with USPIO (0-200 μg/ml Fe as ferumoxytol), using a 0.25 T FFC benchtop relaxometer and a human whole-body, in-house built 0.2 T FFC-MR prototype system with a custom test tube coil. Identical non-imaging, saturation recovery pulse sequence with 90° flip angle and 20 different evolution fields selected logarithmically between 80 μT and 0.2 T (3.4 kHz and 8.51 MHz proton Larmor frequency [PLF] respectively). Results were compared with imaging flow cytometry quantification of side scatter intensity and USPIO-occupied cell area. A reference colorimetric iron assay was used. RESULTS The T1 dispersion curves derived from FFC-MR were excellent in detecting USPIO at all concentrations examined (0-200 μg/ml Fe as ferumoxytol) vs. control cells, p ≤ 0.001. FFC-NMR was capable of reliably detecting cellular iron content as low as 1.12 ng/µg cell protein, validated using a colorimetric assay. FFC-MR was comparable to imaging flow cytometry quantification of side scatter intensity but superior to USPIO-occupied cell area, the latter being only sensitive at exposures ≥ 10 µg/ml USPIO. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that FFC-MR is capable of quantitative assessment of intra-cellular iron which will have important implications for the use of USPIO in a variety of biological applications, including the study of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abbas
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Lionel M Broche
- Bio-Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Aiarpi Ezdoglian
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, NI Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation(1)
| | - Dmitriy Li
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Raif Yuecel
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; Cytomics Centre, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom(1)
| | - P James Ross
- Bio-Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Cheyne
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - David J Lurie
- Bio-Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Dana K Dawson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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Chandrasekharan P, Tay ZW, Hensley D, Zhou XY, Fung BKL, Colson C, Lu Y, Fellows BD, Huynh Q, Saayujya C, Yu E, Orendorff R, Zheng B, Goodwill P, Rinaldi C, Conolly S. Using magnetic particle imaging systems to localize and guide magnetic hyperthermia treatment: tracers, hardware, and future medical applications. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2965-2981. [PMID: 32194849 PMCID: PMC7053197 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) treatment makes use of a suspension of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, administered systemically or locally, in combination with an externally applied alternating magnetic field, to ablate target tissue by generating heat through a process called induction. The heat generated above the mammalian euthermic temperature of 37°C induces apoptotic cell death and/or enhances the susceptibility of the target tissue to other therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy. While most hyperthermia techniques currently in development are targeted towards cancer treatment, hyperthermia is also used to treat restenosis, to remove plaques, to ablate nerves and to alleviate pain by increasing regional blood flow. While RF hyperthermia can be directed invasively towards the site of treatment, non-invasive localization of heat through induction is challenging. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the field of RF magnetic fluid hyperthermia and introduce a new diagnostic imaging modality called magnetic particle imaging that allows for a focused theranostic approach encompassing treatment planning, treatment monitoring and spatially localized inductive heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chandrasekharan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States,✉ Corresponding author: E-mail: ; Phone: +1 (510) 642 3420
| | - Zhi Wei Tay
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Hensley
- Magnetic Insight, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, United States
| | - Xinyi Y Zhou
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Barry KL Fung
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Caylin Colson
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Yao Lu
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin D Fellows
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Quincy Huynh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Chinmoy Saayujya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Elaine Yu
- Magnetic Insight, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, United States
| | - Ryan Orendorff
- Magnetic Insight, Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, United States
| | - Bo Zheng
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | | | - Carlos Rinaldi
- University of Florida, J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, FL, 32611 United States
| | - Steven Conolly
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
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Paysen H, Loewa N, Stach A, Wells J, Kosch O, Twamley S, Makowski MR, Schaeffter T, Ludwig A, Wiekhorst F. Cellular uptake of magnetic nanoparticles imaged and quantified by magnetic particle imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1922. [PMID: 32024926 PMCID: PMC7002802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a non-invasive, non-ionizing imaging technique for the visualization and quantification of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The technique is especially suitable for cell imaging as it offers zero background contribution from the surrounding tissue, high sensitivity, and good spatial and temporal resolutions. Previous studies have demonstrated that the dynamic magnetic behaviour of MNPs changes during cellular binding and internalization. In this study, we demonstrate how this information is encoded in the MPI imaging signal. Through MPI imaging we are able to discriminate between free and cell-bound MNPs in reconstructed images. This technique was used to image and quantify the changes that occur in-vitro when free MNPs come into contact with cells and undergo cellular-uptake over time. The quantitative MPI results were verified by colorimetric measurements of the iron content. The results showed a mean relative difference between the MPI results and the reference method of 23.8% for the quantification of cell-bound MNPs. With this technique, the uptake of MNPs in cells can be imaged and quantified directly from the first MNP cell contact, providing information on the dynamics of cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Loewa
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Stach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - James Wells
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Kosch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shailey Twamley
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Antje Ludwig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Radiologie, Berlin, Germany
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Deh K, Zaman M, Vedvyas Y, Liu Z, Gillen KM, O' Malley P, Bedretdinova D, Nguyen T, Lee R, Spincemaille P, Kim J, Wang Y, Jin MM. Validation of MRI quantitative susceptibility mapping of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for hyperthermia applications in live subjects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1171. [PMID: 31980695 PMCID: PMC6981186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) for cancer therapy has shown promise but lacks suitable methods for quantifying exogenous irons such as superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles as a source of heat generation under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Application of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique to prediction of SPIO in preclinical models has been challenging due to a large variation of susceptibility values, chemical shift from tissue fat, and noisier data arising from the higher resolution required to visualize the anatomy of small animals. In this study, we developed a robust QSM for the SPIO ferumoxytol in live mice to examine its potential application in MFH for cancer therapy. We demonstrated that QSM was able to simultaneously detect high level ferumoxytol accumulation in the liver and low level localization near the periphery of tumors. Detection of ferumoxytol distribution in the body by QSM, however, required imaging prior to and post ferumoxytol injection to discriminate exogenous iron susceptibility from other endogenous sources. Intratumoral injection of ferumoxytol combined with AMF produced a ferumoxytol-dose dependent tumor killing. Histology of tumor sections corroborated QSM visualization of ferumoxytol distribution near the tumor periphery, and confirmed the spatial correlation of cell death with ferumoxytol distribution. Due to the dissipation of SPIOs from the injection site, quantitative mapping of SPIO distribution will aid in estimating a change in temperature in tissues, thereby maximizing MFH effects on tumors and minimizing side-effects by avoiding unwanted tissue heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Deh
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marjan Zaman
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yogindra Vedvyas
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Padraic O' Malley
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Juyoung Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 245-711, South Korea
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Moonsoo M Jin
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Filippi M, Nguyen DV, Garello F, Perton F, Bégin-Colin S, Felder-Flesch D, Power L, Scherberich A. Metronidazole-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for molecular detection of hypoxic tissues. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22559-22574. [PMID: 31746914 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08436c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Being crucial under several pathological conditions, tumors, and tissue engineering, the MRI tracing of hypoxia within cells and tissues would be improved by the use of nanosystems allowing for direct recognition of low oxygenation and further treatment-oriented development. In the present study, we functionalized dendron-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (dendronized IONPs) with a bioreductive compound, a metronidazole-based ligand, to specifically detect the hypoxic tissues. Spherical IONPs with an average size of 10 nm were obtained and then decorated with the new metronidazole-conjugated dendron. The resulting nanoparticles (metro-NPs) displayed negligible effects on cell viability, proliferation, and metabolism, in both monolayer and 3D cell culture models, and a good colloidal stability in bio-mimicking media, as shown by DLS. Overtime quantitative monitoring of the IONP cell content revealed an enhanced intracellular retention of metro-NPs under anoxic conditions, confirmed by the in vitro MRI of cell pellets where a stronger negative contrast generation was observed in hypoxic primary stem cells and tumor cells after labeling with metro-NPs. Overall, these results suggest desirable properties in terms of interactions with the biological environment and capability of selective accumulation into the hypoxic tissue, and indicate that metro-NPs have considerable potential for the development of new nano-platforms especially in the field of anoxia-related diseases and tissue engineered models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123, Allschwil, Basel, Switzerland.
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Masthoff M, Buchholz R, Beuker A, Wachsmuth L, Kraupner A, Albers F, Freppon F, Helfen A, Gerwing M, Höltke C, Hansen U, Rehkämper J, Vielhaber T, Heindel W, Eisenblätter M, Karst U, Wildgruber M, Faber C. Introducing Specificity to Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Imaging by Combining 57Fe-Based MRI and Mass Spectrometry. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7908-7917. [PMID: 31556617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) are highly sensitive probes for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that have previously been used for in vivo cell tracking and have enabled implementation of several diagnostic tools to detect and monitor disease. However, the in vivo MRI signal of ION can overlap with the signal from endogenous iron, resulting in a lack of detection specificity. Therefore, the long-term fate of administered ION remains largely unknown, and possible tissue deposition of iron cannot be assessed with established methods. Herein, we combine nonradioactive 57Fe-ION MRI with ex vivo laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging, enabling unambiguous differentiation between endogenous iron (56Fe) and iron originating from applied ION in mice. We establish 57Fe-ION as an in vivo MRI sensor for cell tracking in a mouse model of subcutaneous inflammation and for assessing the long-term fate of 57Fe-ION. Our approach resolves the lack of detection specificity in ION imaging by unambiguously recording a 57Fe signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Masthoff
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchholz
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Andre Beuker
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | | | - Franziska Albers
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Felix Freppon
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Anne Helfen
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Mirjam Gerwing
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Carsten Höltke
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Jan Rehkämper
- Institute of Pathology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Torsten Vielhaber
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003 "Cells in Motion" , University of Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003 "Cells in Motion" , University of Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institute of Clinical Radiology , University Hospital Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003 "Cells in Motion" , University of Muenster , 48149 Muenster , Germany
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Quantifying effects of radiotherapy-induced microvascular injury; review of established and emerging brain MRI techniques. Radiother Oncol 2019; 140:41-53. [PMID: 31176207 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular changes are increasingly recognised not only as primary drivers of radiotherapy treatment response in brain tumours, but also as an important contributor to short- and long-term (cognitive) side effects arising from irradiation of otherwise healthy brain tissue. As overall survival of patients with brain tumours is increasing, monitoring long-term sequels of radiotherapy-induced microvascular changes in the context of their potential predictive power for outcome, such as cognitive disability, has become increasingly relevant. Ideally, radiotherapy-induced significant microvascular changes in otherwise healthy brain tissue should be identified as early as possible to facilitate adaptive radiotherapy and to proactively start treatment to minimise the influence on these side-effects on the final outcome. Although MRI is already known to be able to detect significant long-term radiotherapy induced microvascular effects, more recently advanced MR imaging biomarkers reflecting microvascular integrity and function have been reported and might provide a more accurate and earlier detection of microvascular changes. However, the use and validation of both established and new techniques in the context of monitoring early and late radiotherapy-induced microvascular changes in both target-tissue and healthy tissue currently are minimal at best. This review aims to summarise the performance and limitations of existing methods and future opportunities for detection and quantification of radiotherapy-induced microvascular changes, as well as the relation of these findings with key clinical parameters.
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Iv M, Samghabadi P, Holdsworth S, Gentles A, Rezaii P, Harsh G, Li G, Thomas R, Moseley M, Daldrup-Link HE, Vogel H, Wintermark M, Cheshier S, Yeom KW. Quantification of Macrophages in High-Grade Gliomas by Using Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI: A Pilot Study. Radiology 2018; 290:198-206. [PMID: 30398435 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018181204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI as a noninvasive imaging biomarker of macrophages in adults with high-grade gliomas. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, adults with high-grade gliomas were enrolled between July 2015 and July 2017. Each participant was administered intravenous ferumoxytol (5 mg/kg) and underwent 3.0-T MRI 24 hours later. Two sites in each tumor were selected for intraoperative sampling on the basis of the degree of ferumoxytol-induced signal change. Susceptibility and the relaxation rates R2* (1/T2*) and R2 (1/T2) were obtained by region-of-interest analysis by using the respective postprocessed maps. Each sample was stained with Prussian blue, CD68, CD163, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Pearson correlation and linear mixed models were performed to assess the relationship between imaging measurements and number of 400× magnification high-power fields with iron-containing macrophages. Results Ten adults (four male participants [mean age, 65 years ± 9 {standard deviation}; age range, 57-74 years] and six female participants [mean age, 53 years ± 12 years; age range, 32-65 years]; mean age of all participants, 58 years ± 12 [age range, 32-74 years]) with high-grade gliomas were included. Significant positive correlations were found between susceptibility, R2*, and R2' and the number of high-power fields with CD163-positive (r range, 0.64-0.71; P < .01) and CD68-positive (r range, 0.55-0.57; P value range, .01-.02) iron-containing macrophages. No significant correlation was found between R2 and CD163-positive (r = 0.33; P = .16) and CD68-positive (r = 0.24; P = .32) iron-containing macrophages. Similar significance results were obtained with linear mixed models. At histopathologic analysis, iron particles were found only in macrophages; none was found in glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive tumor cells. Conclusion MRI measurements of susceptibility, R2*, and R2' (R2* - R2) obtained after ferumoxytol administration correlate with iron-containing macrophage concentration, and this shows their potential as quantitative imaging markers of macrophages in malignant gliomas. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Iv
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Peyman Samghabadi
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Samantha Holdsworth
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Andrew Gentles
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Paymon Rezaii
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Griffith Harsh
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Gordon Li
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Reena Thomas
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Michael Moseley
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Hannes Vogel
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Max Wintermark
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Samuel Cheshier
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
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11
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Khaled W, Piraquive J, Leporq B, Wan JH, Lambert SA, Mignet N, Doan B, Lotersztajn S, Garteiser P, Van Beers BE. In vitro distinction between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory macrophages with gadolinium‐liposomes and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles at 3.0T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:1166-1173. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wassef Khaled
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers and Center for Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 INSERM – University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- Department of RadiologyBeaujon University Hospital Paris Nord Clichy France
| | - Joao Piraquive
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers and Center for Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 INSERM – University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Benjamin Leporq
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers and Center for Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 INSERM – University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Jing Hong Wan
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers and Center for Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 INSERM – University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Simon A. Lambert
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers and Center for Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 INSERM – University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Chemical, Genetic and Imaging Pharmacology Laboratory (CNRS UMR 8151, INSERM U1022), Faculty of PharmacyUniversity Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Bich‐Thuy Doan
- Chemical, Genetic and Imaging Pharmacology Laboratory (CNRS UMR 8151, INSERM U1022), Faculty of PharmacyUniversity Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers and Center for Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 INSERM – University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Philippe Garteiser
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers and Center for Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 INSERM – University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Bernard E. Van Beers
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers and Center for Research on Inflammation, UMR 1149 INSERM – University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- Department of RadiologyBeaujon University Hospital Paris Nord Clichy France
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12
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Quantifying iron content in magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2018; 187:77-92. [PMID: 29702183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring iron content has practical clinical indications in the study of diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ferritinopathies and multiple sclerosis as well as in the quantification of iron content in microbleeds and oxygen saturation in veins. In this work, we review the basic concepts behind imaging iron using T2, T2*, T2', phase and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the human brain, liver and heart, followed by the applications of in vivo iron quantification in neurodegenerative diseases, iron tagged cells and ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles.
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13
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Lv YB, Chandrasekharan P, Li Y, Liu XL, P Avila J, Yang Y, Chuang KH, Liang XJ, Ding J. Magnetic resonance imaging quantification and biodistribution of magnetic nanoparticles using T 1-enhanced contrast. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1470-1478. [PMID: 32254211 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03129g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been used for various applications such as in the treatment of iron deficiency, as theranostic agents, and as drug carriers. The effective delivery of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles into the lesion and iron quantification are vital for in vivo theranostic application. To determine the feasibility of using T1 contrast to non-invasively quantify and monitor the IONPs in vivo, monodispersed Gd-doped iron oxide nanoparticles (GdIONPs) with 4 nm core size were fabricated and were used as T1-weighted contrast agents to quantify iron contents based on MRI longitudinal relaxation times (T1). Signal enhancement in positive T1 contrast caused by GdIONPs was observed in this work. The in vivo T1 relaxivity of GdIONPs in a tumor matched well with both in vitro T1 relaxivity and ICP-MS results, demonstrating that the concentration of iron at the tumor site can be directly read from real-time in vivo MRI T1 relaxivity. Hence, by using this strategy, the Fe content in the lesion can be accurately monitored based on MRI longitudinal relaxation times, and this may shed light on effective magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Lv
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, 117574, Singapore.
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14
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Kostevšek N, Abramovič I, Hudoklin S, Kreft ME, Serša I, Sepe A, Vidmar J, Šturm S, Spreitzer M, Ščančar J, Kobe S, Žužek Rožman K. Hybrid FePt/SiO 2/Au nanoparticles as a theranostic tool: in vitro photo-thermal treatment and MRI imaging. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1308-1321. [PMID: 29296980 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07810b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have produced an innovative, theranostic material based on FePt/SiO2/Au hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) for both, photo-thermal therapy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, a new synthesis approach, i.e., Au double seeding, for the preparation of Au nanoshells around the FePt/SiO2 cores, is proposed. The photo-thermal and the MRI response were first demonstrated on an aqueous suspension of hybrid FePt/SiO2/Au NPs. The cytotoxicity together with the internalization mechanism and the intracellular fate of the hybrid NPs were evaluated in vitro on a normal (NPU) and a half-differentiated cancerous cell line (RT4). The control samples as well as the normal cell line incubated with the NPs showed no significant temperature increase during the in vitro photo-thermal treatment (ΔT < 0.8 °C) and thus the cell viability remained high (∼90%). In contrast, due to the high NP uptake by the cancerous RT4 cell line, significant heating of the sample was observed (ΔT = 4 °C) and, consequently, after laser irradiation the cell viability dropped significantly to ∼60%. These results further confirm that the hybrid FePt/SiO2/Au NPs developed in the scope of this work were not only efficient but also highly selective photo-thermal agents. Furthermore, the improvement in the contrast and the easier distinction between the healthy and the cancerous tissues were clearly demonstrated with in vitro MRI experiments, proving that hybrid NPs have an excellent potential to be used as contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kostevšek
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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15
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Lu X, Ma Y, Chang EY, He Q, Searleman A, von Drygalski A, Du J. Simultaneous quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2* for high iron concentration quantification with 3D ultrashort echo time sequences: An echo dependence study. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:2315-2322. [PMID: 29314215 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the echo dependence of 3D ultrashort echo time (TE) quantitative susceptibility mapping (3D UTE-QSM) and effective transverse relaxation rate ( R2*) measurement in the setting of high concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles. METHODS A phantom study with iron concentrations ranging from 2 to 22 mM was performed using a 3D UTE Cones sequence. Simultaneous QSM processing with morphology-enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) and R2* single exponential fitting was conducted offline with the acquired 3D UTE data. The dependence of UTE-QSM and R2* on echo spacing (ΔTE) and first TE (TE1 ) was investigated. RESULTS A linear relationship was observed between UTE-QSM measurement and iron concentration up to 22 mM only, with the minimal TE1 of 0.032 ms and ΔTE of less than 0.1 ms. A linear relationship was observed between R2* and iron concentration up to 22 mM only when TE1 was less than 0.132 ms and ΔTE was less than 1.2 ms. UTE-QSM with MEDI processing showed strong dependence on ΔTE and TE1 , especially at high iron concentrations. CONCLUSION UTE-QSM is more sensitive than R2* measurement to TE selection. Both an ultrashort TE1 and a small ΔTE are needed to achieve accurate QSM for high iron concentrations. Magn Reson Med 79:2315-2322, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Qun He
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Adam Searleman
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Annette von Drygalski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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16
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Kostevšek N, Hudoklin S, Kreft ME, Serša I, Sepe A, Jagličić Z, Vidmar J, Ščančar J, Šturm S, Kobe S, Žužek Rožman K. Magnetic interactions and in vitro study of biocompatible hydrocaffeic acid-stabilized Fe–Pt clusters as MRI contrast agents. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14694-14704. [PMID: 35540786 PMCID: PMC9080024 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed magnetic study of separated Fe–Pt NPs and Fe–Pt clusters was performed to predict their optimal size and morphology for the maximum saturation magnetization, a factor that is known to influence the performance of a magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Excellent stability and biocompatibility of the nanoparticle suspension was achieved using a novel coating based on hydrocaffeic acid (HCA), which was confirmed with a detailed Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study. An in vitro study on a human-bladder papillary urothelial neoplasm RT4 cell line confirmed that HCA-Fe–Pt nanoparticles showed no cytotoxicity, even at a very high concentration (550 μg Fe–Pt per mL), with no delayed cytotoxic effect being detected. This indicates that the HCA coating provides excellent biocompatibility of the nanoparticles, which is a prerequisite for the material to be used as a safe contrast agent for MRI. The cellular uptake and internalization mechanism were studied using ICP-MS and TEM analyses. Furthermore, it was shown that even a very low concentration of Fe–Pt nanoparticles (<10 μg mL−1) in the cells is enough to decrease the T2 relaxation times by 70%. In terms of the MRI imaging, this means a large improvement in the contrast, even at a low nanoparticle concentration and an easier visualization of the tissues containing nanoparticles, proving that HCA-coated Fe–Pt nanoparticles have the potential to be used as an efficient and safe MRI contrast agent. Study of magnetic interactions revealed optimal size and morphology of Fe–Pt nanoparticles. Novel biocompatible hydrocaffeic acid coating was used to prepare highly efficient and safe MRI contrast agent, which was proven by in vitro study.![]()
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17
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Mapping Extracellular pH of Gliomas in Presence of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles: Towards Imaging the Distribution of Drug-Containing Nanoparticles and Their Curative Effect on the Tumor Microenvironment. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:3849373. [PMID: 29362558 PMCID: PMC5736903 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3849373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since brain's microvasculature is compromised in gliomas, intravenous injection of tumor-targeting nanoparticles containing drugs (D-NPs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO-NPs) can deliver high payloads of drugs while allowing MRI to track drug distribution. However, therapeutic effect of D-NPs remains poorly investigated because superparamagnetic fields generated by SPIO-NPs perturb conventional MRI readouts. Because extracellular pH (pHe) is a tumor hallmark, mapping pHe is critical. Brain pHe is measured by biosensor imaging of redundant deviation in shifts (BIRDS) with lanthanide agents, by detecting paramagnetically shifted resonances of nonexchangeable protons on the agent. To test the hypothesis that BIRDS-based pHe readout remains uncompromised by presence of SPIO-NPs, we mapped pHe in glioma-bearing rats before and after SPIO-NPs infusion. While SPIO-NPs accumulation in the tumor enhanced MRI contrast, the pHe inside and outside the MRI-defined tumor boundary remained unchanged after SPIO-NPs infusion, regardless of the tumor type (9L versus RG2) or agent injection method (renal ligation versus coinfusion with probenecid). These results demonstrate that we can simultaneously and noninvasively image the specific location and the healing efficacy of D-NPs, where MRI contrast from SPIO-NPs can track their distribution and BIRDS-based pHe can map their therapeutic impact.
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18
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A reliable protocol for colorimetric determination of iron oxide nanoparticle uptake by cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6663-6675. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Hachani R, Birchall MA, Lowdell MW, Kasparis G, Tung LD, Manshian BB, Soenen SJ, Gsell W, Himmelreich U, Gharagouzloo CA, Sridhar S, Thanh NTK. Assessing cell-nanoparticle interactions by high content imaging of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7850. [PMID: 28798327 PMCID: PMC5552868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell tracking in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine is an urgent need, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) could be used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allows visualization of the implanted cells ensuring they reach the desired sites in vivo. Herein, we report the study of the interaction of 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA) functionalized IONPs that have desirable properties for T2 - weighted MRI, with bone marrow-derived primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Using the multiparametric high-content imaging method, we evaluate cell viability, formation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial health, as well as cell morphology and determine that the hMSCs are minimally affected after labelling with IONPs. Their cellular uptake is visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Prussian Blue staining, and quantified using an iron specific colourimetric method. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that these IONPs are biocompatible and can produce significant contrast enhancement in T2-weighted MRI. Iron oxide nanoparticles are detected in vivo as hypointense regions in the liver up to two weeks post injection using 9.4 T MRI. These DHCA functionalized IONPs are promising contrast agents for stem cell tracking by T2-weighted MRI as they are biocompatible and show no evidence of cytotoxic effects on hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Hachani
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Martin A Birchall
- University College London Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Georgios Kasparis
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Le D Tung
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Bella B Manshian
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Codi A Gharagouzloo
- Gordon Centre for Medical Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Centre, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Centre, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nguyen T K Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK.
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20
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Ring HL, Zhang J, Klein ND, Eberly LE, Haynes CL, Garwood M. Establishing the overlap of IONP quantification with echo and echoless MR relaxation mapping. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:1420-1428. [PMID: 28653344 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have shown tremendous utility for enhancing image contrast and delivering targeted therapies. Quantification of IONPs has been demonstrated at low concentrations with gradient echo (GRE) and spin echo (SE), and at high concentrations with echoless sequences such as swept imaging with Fourier transform (SWIFT). This work examines the overlap of IONP quantification with GRE, SE, and SWIFT. METHODS The limit of quantification of GRE, SE, inversion-recovery GRE, and SWIFT sequences was assessed using IONPs at a concentration range of 0.02 to 89.29 mM suspended in 1% agarose. Empirically derived limits of quantification were compared with International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry definitions. Both commercial and experimental IONPs were used. RESULTS All three IONPs assessed demonstrated an overlap of concentration quantification with GRE, SE, and SWIFT sequences. The largest dynamic range observed was 0.004 to 35.7 mM with Feraheme. CONCLUSIONS The metrics established allow upper and lower quantitative limitations to be estimated given the relaxivity characteristics of the IONP and the concentration range of the material to be assessed. The methods outlined in this paper are applicable to any pulse sequence, IONP formulation, and field strength. Magn Reson Med 79:1420-1428, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattie L Ring
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathan D Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lynn E Eberly
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Garwood
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Mu X, Zhang F, Kong C, Zhang H, Zhang W, Ge R, Liu Y, Jiang J. EGFR-targeted delivery of DOX-loaded Fe 3O 4@ polydopamine multifunctional nanocomposites for MRI and antitumor chemo-photothermal therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2899-2911. [PMID: 28435266 PMCID: PMC5391832 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocomposites that have multiple therapeutic functions together with real-time imaging capabilities have attracted intensive concerns in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This study developed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody-directed polydopamine-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA NPs) for magnetic resonance imaging and antitumor chemo-photothermal therapy. The synthesized Fe3O4@PDA-PEG-EGFR-DOX NPs revealed high storage capacity for doxorubicin (DOX) and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The cell viability assay of Fe3O4@PDA-PEG-EGFR NPs indicated that Fe3O4@ PDA-PEG-EGFR NPs had no cell cytotoxicity. However, Fe3O4@PDA-PEG-EGFR-DOX NPs could significantly decrease cell viability (~5% of remaining cell viability) because of both photothermal ablation and near-infrared light-triggered DOX release. Meanwhile, the EGFR-targeted Fe3O4@PDA-PEG-EGFR-DOX NPs significantly inhibited the growth of tumors, showing a prominent in vivo synergistic antitumor effect. This study demonstrated the potential of using Fe3O4@PDA NPs for combined cancer chemo-photothermal therapy with increased efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Mu
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital
| | - Chenfei Kong
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital
| | - Rui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital
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22
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Ramanathan RK, Korn RL, Raghunand N, Sachdev JC, Newbold RG, Jameson G, Fetterly GJ, Prey J, Klinz SG, Kim J, Cain J, Hendriks BS, Drummond DC, Bayever E, Fitzgerald JB. Correlation between Ferumoxytol Uptake in Tumor Lesions by MRI and Response to Nanoliposomal Irinotecan in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A Pilot Study. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3638-3648. [PMID: 28159813 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether deposition characteristics of ferumoxytol (FMX) iron nanoparticles in tumors, identified by quantitative MRI, may predict tumor lesion response to nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI).Experimental Design: Eligible patients with previously treated solid tumors had FMX-MRI scans before and following (1, 24, and 72 hours) FMX injection. After MRI acquisition, R2* signal was used to calculate FMX levels in plasma, reference tissue, and tumor lesions by comparison with a phantom-based standard curve. Patients then received nal-IRI (70 mg/m2 free base strength) biweekly until progression. Two percutaneous core biopsies were collected from selected tumor lesions 72 hours after FMX or nal-IRI.Results: Iron particle levels were quantified by FMX-MRI in plasma, reference tissues, and tumor lesions in 13 of 15 eligible patients. On the basis of a mechanistic pharmacokinetic model, tissue permeability to FMX correlated with early FMX-MRI signals at 1 and 24 hours, while FMX tissue binding contributed at 72 hours. Higher FMX levels (ranked relative to median value of multiple evaluable lesions from 9 patients) were significantly associated with reduction in lesion size by RECIST v1.1 at early time points (P < 0.001 at 1 hour and P < 0.003 at 24 hours FMX-MRI, one-way ANOVA). No association was observed with post-FMX levels at 72 hours. Irinotecan drug levels in lesions correlated with patient's time on treatment (Spearman ρ = 0.7824; P = 0.0016).Conclusions: Correlation between FMX levels in tumor lesions and nal-IRI activity suggests that lesion permeability to FMX and subsequent tumor uptake may be a useful noninvasive and predictive biomarker for nal-IRI response in patients with solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3638-48. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh K Ramanathan
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona. .,Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ronald L Korn
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona.,Imaging Endpoints, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Jasgit C Sachdev
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Ronald G Newbold
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona.,Imaging Endpoints, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Gayle Jameson
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Joshua Prey
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Cain
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Eliel Bayever
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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23
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Gimenez U, Lajous H, El Atifi M, Bidart M, Auboiroux V, Fries PH, Berger F, Lahrech H. In vivoquantification of magnetically labelled cells by MRI relaxometry. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:535-543. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulysse Gimenez
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | - Hélène Lajous
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | - Michèle El Atifi
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | - Marie Bidart
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | | | | | - François Berger
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | - Hana Lahrech
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
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24
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Zhang J, Ring HL, Hurley KR, Shao Q, Carlson CS, Idiyatullin D, Manuchehrabadi N, Hoopes PJ, Haynes CL, Bischof JC, Garwood M. Quantification and biodistribution of iron oxide nanoparticles in the primary clearance organs of mice using T 1 contrast for heating. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:702-712. [PMID: 27667655 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use contrast based on longitudinal relaxation times (T1 ) or rates (R1 ) to quantify the biodistribution of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), which are of interest for hyperthermia therapy, cell targeting, and drug delivery, within primary clearance organs. METHODS Mesoporous silica-coated IONPs (msIONPs) were intravenously injected into 15 naïve mice. Imaging and mapping of the longitudinal relaxation rate constant at 24 h or 1 week postinjection were performed with an echoless pulse sequence (SWIFT). Alternating magnetic field heating measurements were also performed on ex vivo tissues. RESULTS Signal enhancement from positive T1 contrast caused by IONPs was observed and quantified in vivo in liver, spleen, and kidney at concentrations up to 3.2 mg Fe/(g tissue wt.) (61 mM Fe). In most cases, each organ had a linear correlation between the R1 and the tissue iron concentration despite variations in intra-organ distribution, degradation, and IONP surface charge. Linear correlation between R1 and volumetric SAR in hyperthermia therapy was observed. CONCLUSION The linear dependence between R1 and tissue iron concentration in major organs allows quantitative monitoring of IONP biodistribution in a dosage range relevant to magnetic hyperthermia applications, which falls into the concentration gap between CT and conventional MRI techniques. Magn Reson Med 78:702-712, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hattie L Ring
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katie R Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cathy S Carlson
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Djaudat Idiyatullin
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Navid Manuchehrabadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - P Jack Hoopes
- Department of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Garwood
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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25
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Shipunova VO, Nikitin MP, Nikitin PI, Deyev SM. MPQ-cytometry: a magnetism-based method for quantification of nanoparticle-cell interactions. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12764-12772. [PMID: 27279427 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Precise quantification of interactions between nanoparticles and living cells is among the imperative tasks for research in nanobiotechnology, nanotoxicology and biomedicine. To meet the challenge, a rapid method called MPQ-cytometry is developed, which measures the integral non-linear response produced by magnetically labeled nanoparticles in a cell sample with an original magnetic particle quantification (MPQ) technique. MPQ-cytometry provides a sensitivity limit 0.33 ng of nanoparticles and is devoid of a background signal present in many label-based assays. Each measurement takes only a few seconds, and no complicated sample preparation or data processing is required. The capabilities of the method have been demonstrated by quantification of interactions of iron oxide nanoparticles with eukaryotic cells. The total amount of targeted nanoparticles that specifically recognized the HER2/neu oncomarker on the human cancer cell surface was successfully measured, the specificity of interaction permitting the detection of HER2/neu positive cells in a cell mixture. Moreover, it has been shown that MPQ-cytometry analysis of a HER2/neu-specific iron oxide nanoparticle interaction with six cell lines of different tissue origins quantitatively reflects the HER2/neu status of the cells. High correlation of MPQ-cytometry data with those obtained by three other commonly used in molecular and cell biology methods supports consideration of this method as a prospective alternative for both quantifying cell-bound nanoparticles and estimating the expression level of cell surface antigens. The proposed method does not require expensive sophisticated equipment or highly skilled personnel and it can be easily applied for rapid diagnostics, especially under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O Shipunova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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26
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Barrow M, Taylor A, García Carrión J, Mandal P, Park BK, Poptani H, Murray P, Rosseinsky MJ, Adams DJ. Co-precipitation of DEAE-dextran coated SPIONs: how synthesis conditions affect particle properties, stem cell labelling and MR contrast. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:362-370. [PMID: 27358113 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely used as contrast agents for stem cell tracking using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The total mass of iron oxide that can be internalised into cells without altering their viability or phenotype is an important criterion for the generation of contrast, with SPIONs designed for efficient labelling of stem cells allowing for an increased sensitivity of detection. Although changes in the ratio of polymer and iron salts in co-precipitation reactions are known to affect the physicochemical properties of SPIONs, particularly core size, the effects of these synthesis conditions on stem cell labelling and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast have not been established. Here, we synthesised a series of cationic SPIONs with very similar hydrodynamic diameters and surface charges, but different polymer content. We have investigated how the amount of polymer in the co-precipitation reaction affects core size and modulates not only the magnetic properties of the SPIONs but also their uptake into stem cells. SPIONs with the largest core size and lowest polymer content presented the highest magnetisation and relaxivity. These particles also had the greatest uptake efficiency without any deleterious effect on either the viability or function of the stem cells. However, for all particles internalised in cells, the T2 and T2* relaxivity was independent of the SPION's core size. Our results indicate that the relative mass of iron taken up by cells is the major determinant of MR contrast generation and suggest that the extent of SPION uptake can be regulated by the amount of polymer used in co-precipitation reactions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Pranab Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Dave J Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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27
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Sillerud LO. Quantitative [Fe]MRI of PSMA-targeted SPIONs specifically discriminates among prostate tumor cell types based on their PSMA expression levels. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:357-71. [PMID: 26855574 PMCID: PMC4725637 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s93409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development, experimental verification, and application of a general theory called [Fe]MRI (pronounced fem-ree) for the non-invasive, quantitative molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of added magnetic nanoparticles or other magnetic contrast agents in biological tissues and other sites. [Fe]MRI can easily be implemented on any MRI instrument, requiring only measurements of the background nuclear magnetic relaxation times (T1, T2) of the tissue of interest, injection of the magnetic particles, and the subsequent acquisition of a pair of T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. These images, converted into contrast images, are subtracted to yield a contrast difference image proportional to the absolute nanoparticle, iron concentration, ([Fe]) image. [Fe]MRI was validated with the samples of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) both in agarose gels and bound to human prostate tumor cells. The [Fe]MRI measurement of the binding of anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) conjugated SPIONs to PSMA-positive LNCaP and PSMA-negative DU145 cells in vitro allowed a facile discrimination among prostate tumor cell types based on their PSMA expression level. The low [Fe] detection limit of ~2 μM for SPIONs allows sensitive MRI of added iron at concentrations considerably below the US Food and Drug Administration’s human iron dosage guidelines (<90 μM, 5 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel O Sillerud
- BRaIN Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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28
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Margineanu MB, Julfakyan K, Sommer C, Perez JE, Contreras MF, Khashab N, Kosel J, Ravasi T. Semi-automated quantification of living cells with internalized nanostructures. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:4. [PMID: 26768888 PMCID: PMC4714438 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanostructures fabricated by different methods have become increasingly important for various applications in biology and medicine, such as agents for medical imaging or cancer therapy. In order to understand their interaction with living cells and their internalization kinetics, several attempts have been made in tagging them. Although methods have been developed to measure the number of nanostructures internalized by the cells, there are only few approaches aimed to measure the number of cells that internalize the nanostructures, and they are usually limited to fixed-cell studies. Flow cytometry can be used for live-cell assays on large populations of cells, however it is a single time point measurement, and does not include any information about cell morphology. To date many of the observations made on internalization events are limited to few time points and cells. RESULTS In this study, we present a method for quantifying cells with internalized magnetic nanowires (NWs). A machine learning-based computational framework, CellCognition, is adapted and used to classify cells with internalized and no internalized NWs, labeled with the fluorogenic pH-dependent dye pHrodo™ Red, and subsequently to determine the percentage of cells with internalized NWs at different time points. In a "proof-of-concept", we performed a study on human colon carcinoma HCT 116 cells and human epithelial cervical cancer HeLa cells interacting with iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) NWs. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a novel method for the quantification of cells that internalize a specific type of nanostructures. This approach is suitable for high-throughput and real-time data analysis and has the potential to be used to study the interaction of different types of nanostructures in live-cell assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bogdan Margineanu
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khachatur Julfakyan
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology,, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria.
| | - Jose Efrain Perez
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Fernanda Contreras
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Niveen Khashab
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology,, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Korchinski DJ, Taha M, Yang R, Nathoo N, Dunn JF. Iron Oxide as an MRI Contrast Agent for Cell Tracking. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2015; 8:15-29. [PMID: 26483609 PMCID: PMC4597836 DOI: 10.4137/mri.s23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide contrast agents have been combined with magnetic resonance imaging for cell tracking. In this review, we discuss coating properties and provide an overview of ex vivo and in vivo labeling of different cell types, including stem cells, red blood cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, we provide examples of applications of cell tracking with iron contrast agents in stroke, multiple sclerosis, cancer, arteriovenous malformations, and aortic and cerebral aneurysms. Attempts at quantifying iron oxide concentrations and other vascular properties are examined. We advise on designing studies using iron contrast agents including methods for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Korchinski
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - May Taha
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Runze Yang
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nabeela Nathoo
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Experimental Imaging Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,CORRESPONDENCE:
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30
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Bernsen MR, Guenoun J, van Tiel ST, Krestin GP. Nanoparticles and clinically applicable cell tracking. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150375. [PMID: 26248872 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo cell tracking has emerged as a much sought after tool for design and monitoring of cell-based treatment strategies. Various techniques are available for pre-clinical animal studies, from which much has been learned and still can be learned. However, there is also a need for clinically translatable techniques. Central to in vivo cell imaging is labelling of cells with agents that can give rise to signals in vivo, that can be detected and measured non-invasively. The current imaging technology of choice for clinical translation is MRI in combination with labelling of cells with magnetic agents. The main challenge encountered during the cell labelling procedure is to efficiently incorporate the label into the cell, such that the labelled cells can be imaged at high sensitivity for prolonged periods of time, without the labelling process affecting the functionality of the cells. In this respect, nanoparticles offer attractive features since their structure and chemical properties can be modified to facilitate cellular incorporation and because they can carry a high payload of the relevant label into cells. While these technologies have already been applied in clinical trials and have increased the understanding of cell-based therapy mechanism, many challenges are still faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique R Bernsen
- 1 Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jamal Guenoun
- 1 Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Gharagouzloo CA, McMahon PN, Sridhar S. Quantitative contrast-enhanced MRI with superparamagnetic nanoparticles using ultrashort time-to-echo pulse sequences. Magn Reson Med 2015; 74:431-41. [PMID: 25168606 PMCID: PMC6691359 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional MRI using contrast agents is semiquantitative because it is inherently sensitive to extravoxular susceptibility artifacts, field inhomogeneity, partial voluming, perivascular effects, and motion/flow artifacts. Herein we demonstrate a quantitative contrast-enhanced MRI technique using ultrashort time-to-echo pulse sequences for measuring clinically relevant concentrations of ferumoxytol, a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle contrast agent with high sensitivity and precision in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The method achieves robust, reproducible results by using rapid signal acquisition at ultrashort time-to-echo (UTE) to produce positive contrast images with pure T1 weighting and little T2* decay. The spoiled gradient echo equation is used to transform UTE intensities directly into concentration using experimentally determined relaxivity constants and image acquisition parameters. RESULTS A multiparametric optimization of acquisition parameters revealed an optimal zone capable of producing high-fidelity measurements. Clinically relevant intravascular concentrations of ferumoxytol were measured longitudinally in mice with high sensitivity and precision (∼7.1% error). MRI measurements were independently validated by elemental iron analysis of sequential blood draws. Automated segmentation of ferumoxytol concentration yielded high quality three-dimensional images for visualization of perfusion. CONCLUSIONS This ability to longitudinally quantify blood pool CA concentration is unique to quantitative UTE contrast-enhanced (QUTE-CE) MRI and makes QUTE-CE MRI competitive with nuclear imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codi Amir Gharagouzloo
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick N. McMahon
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Iv M, Telischak N, Feng D, Holdsworth SJ, Yeom KW, Daldrup-Link HE. Clinical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:993-1018. [PMID: 25867862 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Current neuroimaging provides detailed anatomic and functional evaluation of brain tumors, allowing for improved diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Some challenges persist even with today's advanced imaging techniques, including accurate delineation of tumor margins and distinguishing treatment effects from residual or recurrent tumor. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are an emerging tool that can add clinically useful information due to their distinct physiochemical features and biodistribution, while having a good safety profile. Nanoparticles can be used as a platform for theranostic drugs, which have shown great promise for the treatment of CNS malignancies. This review will provide an overview of clinical ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides and how they can be applied to the diagnostic and therapeutic neuro-oncologic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Iv
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University & Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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33
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Du B, Han S, Li H, Zhao F, Su X, Cao X, Zhang Z. Multi-functional liposomes showing radiofrequency-triggered release and magnetic resonance imaging for tumor multi-mechanism therapy. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5411-5426. [PMID: 25731982 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanoplatforms with multiple functions, such as tumor-targeting drug carriers, MRI, optical imaging, thermal therapy etc., have become popular in the field of cancer research. The present study reports a novel multi-functional liposome for cancer theranostics. A dual targeted drug delivery with radiofrequency-triggered drug release and imaging based on the magnetic field influence was used advantageously for tumor multi-mechanism therapy. In this system, the surface of fullerene (C60) was decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles, and PEGylation formed a hybrid nanosystem (C60-Fe3O4-PEG2000). Thermosensitive liposomes (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC) with DSPE-PEG2000-folate wrapped up the hybrid nanosystem and docetaxel (DTX), which were designed to combine features of biological and physical (magnetic) drug targeting for fullerene radiofrequency-triggered drug release. The magnetic liposomes not only served as powerful tumor diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, but also as powerful agents for photothermal ablation of tumors. Furthermore, a remarkable thermal therapy combined chemotherapy multi-functional liposome nanoplatform converted radiofrequency energy into thermal energy to release drugs from thermosensitive liposomes, which was also observed during both in vitro and in vivo treatment. The multi-functional liposomes also could selectively kill cancer cells in highly localized regions via their excellent active tumor targeting and magnetic targeted abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
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Danhier P, Magat J, Levêque P, De Preter G, Porporato PE, Bouzin C, Jordan BF, Demeur G, Haufroid V, Feron O, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. In vivo visualization and ex vivo quantification of murine breast cancer cells in the mouse brain using MRI cell tracking and electron paramagnetic resonance. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:367-375. [PMID: 25611487 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell tracking could be useful to elucidate fundamental processes of cancer biology such as metastasis. The aim of this study was to visualize, using MRI, and to quantify, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), the entrapment of murine breast cancer cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) in the mouse brain after intracardiac injection. For this purpose, luciferase-expressing murine 4 T1-luc breast cancer cells were labeled with fluorescent Molday ION Rhodamine B SPIOs. Following intracardiac injection, SPIO-labeled 4 T1-luc cells were imaged using multiple gradient-echo sequences. Ex vivo iron oxide quantification in the mouse brain was performed using EPR (9 GHz). The long-term fate of 4 T1-luc cells after injection was characterized using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), brain MRI and immunofluorescence. We observed hypointense spots due to SPIO-labeled cells in the mouse brain 4 h after injection on T2 *-weighted images. Histology studies showed that SPIO-labeled cancer cells were localized within blood vessels shortly after delivery. Ex vivo quantification of SPIOs showed that less than 1% of the injected cells were taken up by the mouse brain after injection. MRI experiments did not reveal the development of macrometastases in the mouse brain several days after injection, but immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that these cells found in the brain established micrometastases. Concerning the metastatic patterns of 4 T1-luc cells, an EPR biodistribution study demonstrated that SPIO-labeled 4 T1-luc cells were also entrapped in the lungs of mice after intracardiac injection. BLI performed 6 days after injection of 4 T1-luc cells showed that this cell line formed macrometastases in the lungs and in the bones. Conclusively, EPR and MRI were found to be complementary for cell tracking applications. MRI cell tracking at 11.7 T allowed sensitive detection of isolated SPIO-labeled cells in the mouse brain, whereas EPR allowed the assessment of the number of SPIO-labeled cells in organs shortly after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Wabler M, Zhu W, Hedayati M, Attaluri A, Zhou H, Mihalic J, Geyh A, DeWeese TL, Ivkov R, Artemov D. Magnetic resonance imaging contrast of iron oxide nanoparticles developed for hyperthermia is dominated by iron content. Int J Hyperthermia 2014; 30:192-200. [PMID: 24773041 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.913321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) are used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hyperthermia for cancer treatment. The relationship between MRI signal intensity and cellular iron concentration for many new formulations, particularly MNPs having magnetic properties designed for heating in hyperthermia, is lacking. In this study, we examine the correlation between MRI T2 relaxation time and iron content in cancer cells loaded with various MNP formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human prostate carcinoma DU-145 cells were loaded with starch-coated bionised nanoferrite (BNF), iron oxide (Nanomag® D-SPIO), Feridex™, and dextran-coated Johns Hopkins University (JHU) particles at a target concentration of 50 pg Fe/cell using poly-D-lysine transfection reagent. T2-weighted MRI of serial dilutions of these labelled cells was performed at 9.4 T and iron content quantification was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Clonogenic assay was used to characterise cytotoxicity. RESULTS No cytotoxicity was observed at twice the target intracellular iron concentration (∼100 pg Fe/cell). ICP-MS revealed highest iron uptake efficiency with BNF and JHU particles, followed by Feridex and Nanomag-D-SPIO, respectively. Imaging data showed a linear correlation between increased intracellular iron concentration and decreased T2 times, with no apparent correlation among MNP magnetic properties. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that for the range of nanoparticle concentrations internalised by cancer cells the signal intensity of T2-weighted MRI correlates closely with absolute iron concentration associated with the cells. This correlation may benefit applications for cell-based cancer imaging and therapy including nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery and hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Wabler
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore
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Lorenzato C, Oerlemans C, Cernicanu A, Ries M, Denis de Senneville B, Moonen C, Bos C. Rapid dynamic R1 /R2 */temperature assessment: a method with potential for monitoring drug delivery. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1267-1274. [PMID: 25208052 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Local drug delivery by hyperthermia-induced drug release from thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) may reduce the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy, whilst maintaining or increasing its efficacy. Relaxivity contrast agents can be co-encapsulated with the drug to allow the visualization of the presence of liposomes, by means of R2 *, as well as the co-release of the contrast agent and the drug, by means of R1, on heating. Here, the mathematical method used to extract both R2 * and R1 from a fast dynamic multi-echo spoiled gradient echo (ME-SPGR) is presented and analyzed. Finally, this method is used to monitor such release events. R2 * was obtained from a fit to the ME-SPGR data. Absolute R1 was calculated from the signal magnitude changes corrected for the apparent proton density changes and a baseline Look-Locker R1 map. The method was used to monitor nearly homogeneous water bath heating and local focused ultrasound heating of muscle tissue, and to visualize the release of a gadolinium chelate from TSLs in vitro. R2 *, R1 and temperature maps were measured with a 5-s temporal resolution. Both R2 *and R1 measured were found to change with temperature. The dynamic R1 measurements after heating agreed with the Look-Locker R1 values if changes in equilibrium magnetization with temperature were considered. Release of gadolinium from TSLs was detected by an R1 increase near the phase transition temperature, as well as a shallow R2 * increase. Simultaneous temperature, R2 * and R1 mapping is feasible in real time and has the potential for use in image-guided drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Lorenzato
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Imaging Division, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Raabe N, Forberich E, Freund B, Bruns OT, Heine M, Kaul MG, Tromsdorf U, Herich L, Nielsen P, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Weller H, Schumacher U, Adam G, Ittrich H. Determination of liver-specific r2 * of a highly monodisperse USPIO by (59) Fe iron core-labeling in mice at 3 T MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:153-62. [PMID: 25078884 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of tissue concentration of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO) using T2 * MR relaxometry is still challenging. We present a reliable quantification method for local USPIO amount with the estimation of the liver specific relaxivity r2 * using monodisperse (59) Fe-core-labeled USPIO ((59) FeUSPIO). Dynamic and relaxometric in vivo characteristics of unlabeled monodisperse USPIO were determined in MRI at 3 T. The in vivo MR studies were performed for liver tissue with (59) FeUSPIO using iron dosages of 9 (n = 3), 18 (n = 2) and 27 (n = 3) µmol Fe kg(-1) body weight. The R2 * of the liver before and after USPIO injection (∆R2 *) was measured and correlated with (59) Fe activity measurements of excised organs by a whole body radioactivity counter (HAMCO) to define the dependency of ∆R2 * and (59) FeUSPIO liver concentration and calculate the r2 * of (59) FeUSPIO for the liver. Ultrastructural analysis of liver uptake was performed by histology and transmission electron microscopy. ∆R2 * of the liver revealed a dosage-dependent accumulation of (59) FeUSPIO with a percentage uptake of 70-88% of the injection dose. Hepatic ∆R2 * showed a dose-dependent linear correlation to (59) FeUSPIO activity measurements (r = 0.92) and an r2 * in the liver of 481 ± 74.9 mm(-1) s(-1) in comparison to an in vitro r2 * of 60.5 ± 3.3 mm(-1) s(-1) . Our results indicate that core-labeled (59) FeUSPIO can be used to quantify the local amount of USPIO and to estimate the liver-specific relaxivity r2 *.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Raabe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Shi J, Wang L, Gao J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Ma R, Liu R, Zhang Z. A fullerene-based multi-functional nanoplatform for cancer theranostic applications. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5771-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
Liver fat, iron, and combined overload are common manifestations of diffuse liver disease and may cause lipotoxicity and iron toxicity via oxidative hepatocellular injury, leading to progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually, liver failure. Intracellular fat and iron cause characteristic changes in the tissue magnetic properties in predictable dose-dependent manners. Using dedicated magnetic resonance pulse sequences and postprocessing algorithms, fat and iron can be objectively quantified on a continuous scale. In this article, we will describe the basic physical principles of magnetic resonance fat and iron quantification and review the imaging techniques of the "past, present, and future." Standardized radiological metrics of fat and iron are introduced for numerical reporting of overload severity, which can be used toward objective diagnosis, grading, and longitudinal disease monitoring. These noninvasive imaging techniques serve an alternative or complimentary role to invasive liver biopsy. Commercial solutions are increasingly available, and liver fat and iron quantitative imaging is now within reach for routine clinical use and may soon become standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yokoo
- From the *Department of Radiology, †Advanced Imaging Research Center, and ‡Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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40
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Gutiérrez L, Morales MP, Lázaro FJ. Prospects for magnetic nanoparticles in systemic administration: synthesis and quantitative detection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4456-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Methods for the quantitative determination of magnetic nanoparticles in biological matrices, in the frame of biomedical applications, are required to evaluate the particles biodistribution after systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Gutiérrez
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioinspired Materials
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM)/CSIC
- Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - M. P. Morales
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioinspired Materials
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM)/CSIC
- Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - F. J. Lázaro
- Department of Materials and Fluids Science and Technology
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Shi J, Yu X, Wang L, Liu Y, Gao J, Zhang J, Ma R, Liu R, Zhang Z. PEGylated fullerene/iron oxide nanocomposites for photodynamic therapy, targeted drug delivery and MR imaging. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9666-77. [PMID: 24034498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, fullerene and fullerene derivatives owning to their highly enriched physical and chemical properties have been widely explored for applications in many different fields including biomedicine. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were decorated onto the surface of fullerene (C60), and then PEGylation was performed to improve the solubility and biocompatibility of C60-IONP, obtaining a multi-functional C60-IONP-PEG nanocomposite with strong superparamagnetism and powerful photodynamic therapy capacity. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME), a new photodynamic anti-cancer drug, was conjugated to C60-IONP-PEG, forming a C60-IONP-PEG/HMME drug delivery system, which demonstrated an excellent magnetic targeting ability in cancer therapy. Compared with free HMME, remarkably enhanced photodynamic cancer cell killing effect using C60-IONP-PEG/HMME was realized not only in a cultured B16-F10 cells in vitro but also in an in vivo murine tumor model due to 23-fold higher HMME uptake of tumor and strong photodynamic activity of C60-IONP-PEG. Moreover, C60-IONP-PEG could be further used as a T2-contrast agent for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Our work showed C60-IONP-PEG/HMME had a great potential for cancer theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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Guo D, Li T, McMillan J, Sajja BR, Puligujja P, Boska MD, Gendelman HE, Liu XM. Small magnetite antiretroviral therapeutic nanoparticle probes for MRI of drug biodistribution. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 9:1341-52. [PMID: 23905578 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Drug toxicities, compliance and penetrance into viral reservoirs have diminished the efficacy of long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treatment of HIV infection. Cell-targeted nanoformulated ART was developed to improve disease outcomes. However, rapid noninvasive determination of drug biodistribution is unrealized. To this end, small magnetite ART (SMART) nanoparticles can provide assessments of ART biodistribution by MRI. MATERIALS & METHODS Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine- and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(methoxy-PEG 2000)-encased particles were synthesized with atazanavir (ATV) and magnetite. Uptake and retention of ATV and magnetite administered at 3:1 ratios (weight/weight) were determined in human monocyte-derived macrophages and mice. RESULTS SMART particles were taken up and retained in macrophages. In mice, following parenteral SMART injection, magnetite and drug biodistribution paralleled one another with MRI signal intensity greatest in the liver and spleen at 24 h. Significantly, ATV and magnetite levels correlated. CONCLUSION SMART can permit rapid assessment of drug tissue concentrations in viral reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
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Nofiele JT, Cheng HLM. Ultrashort echo time for improved positive-contrast manganese-enhanced MRI of cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58617. [PMID: 23484042 PMCID: PMC3587583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Manganese (Mn) is a positive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that has been used to obtain physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological information. There is great interest to broaden its applications, but a major challenge is to increase detection sensitivity. Another challenge is distinguishing regions of Mn-related signal enhancement from background tissue with inherently similar contrast. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the use of ultrashort echo time (UTE) and subtraction UTE (SubUTE) imaging for more sensitive and specific determination of Mn accumulation. Materials and Methods Simulations were performed to investigate the feasibility of UTE and SubUTE for Mn-enhanced MRI and to optimize imaging parameters. Phantoms containing aqueous Mn solutions were imaged on a MRI scanner to validate simulations predictions. Breast cancer cells that are very aggressive (MDA-MB-231 and a more aggressive variant LM2) and a less aggressive cell line (MCF7) were labeled with Mn and imaged on MRI. All imaging was performed on a 3 Tesla scanner and compared UTE and SubUTE against conventional T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) imaging. Results Simulations and phantom imaging demonstrated that UTE and SubUTE provided sustained and linearly increasing positive contrast over a wide range of Mn concentrations, whereas conventional SPGR displayed signal plateau and eventual decrease. Higher flip angles are optimal for imaging higher Mn concentrations. Breast cancer cell imaging demonstrated that UTE and SubUTE provided high sensitivity, with SubUTE providing background suppression for improved specificity and eliminating the need for a pre-contrast baseline image. The SubUTE sequence allowed the best distinction of aggressive breast cancer cells. Conclusions UTE and SubUTE allow more sensitive and specific positive-contrast detection of Mn enhancement. This imaging capability can potentially open many new doors for Mn-enhanced MRI in vascular, cellular, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Tchouala Nofiele
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Research Institute and Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Research Institute and Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Sun Y, Ventura M, Oosterwijk E, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF, Heerschap A. Zero echo time magnetic resonance imaging of contrast-agent-enhanced calcium phosphate bone defect fillers. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 19:281-7. [PMID: 22934755 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are widely used bone substitutes. However, CPCs have similar radiopacity as natural bone, rendering them difficult to be differentiated in classical X-ray and computed tomography imaging. As conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of bone is cumbersome, due to low water content and very short T(2) relaxation time, ultra-short echo time (UTE) and zero echo time (ZTE) MRI have been explored for bone visualization. This study examined the possibility to differentiate bone and CPC by MRI. T(1) and T(2)* values determined with UTE MRI showed little difference between bone and CPC; hence, these materials were difficult to separate based on T(1) or T(2) alone. Incorporation of ultra-small particles of iron oxide and gadopentetatedimeglumine (Gd-DTPA; 1 weight percentage [wt%] and 5 wt% respectively) into CPC resulted in visualization of CPC with decreased intensity on ZTE images in in vitro and ex vivo experiments. However, these additions had unfavorable effects on the solidification time and/or mechanical properties of the CPC, with the exception of 1% Gd-DTPA alone. Therefore, we tested this material in an in vivo experiment. The contrast of CPC was enhanced at an early stage postimplantation, and was significantly reduced in the 8 weeks thereafter. This indicates that ZTE imaging with Gd-DTPA as a contrast agent could be a valid radiation-free method to visualize CPC degradation and bone regeneration in preclinical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ventura M, Sun Y, Rusu V, Laverman P, Borm P, Heerschap A, Oosterwijk E, Boerman OC, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF. Dual contrast agent for computed tomography and magnetic resonance hard tissue imaging. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 19:405-16. [PMID: 23259682 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are commonly used bone substitute materials, which closely resemble the composition of the mineral phase of bone. However, this high similarity to natural bone also results in difficult discrimination from the bone tissue by common imaging modalities, that is, plain X-ray radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography (CT). In addition, new imaging techniques introduced for bone tissue visualization, like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), face a similar problem. Even at high MRI resolution, the lack of contrast between CPCs and surrounding bone is evident. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a dual contrast agent, traceable with both CT and MRI as enhancers of CPC/bone tissue contrast. Our formulation is based on the use of silica beads as vectors, which encapsulate and carry contrast-enhancing nanoparticles, in our case, colloidal Gold and Superparamagnetic Iron oxide particles (SPIO). The bead suspension was incorporated within a calcium phosphate powder. The resultant cements were then tested both in vitro and in vivo in a femoral condyle defect model in rats. Results showed that the mechanical properties of the cement were not significantly affected by the inclusion of the beads. Both in vitro and in vivo data proved the homogeneous incorporation of the contrast within the cement and its visual localization, characterized by a short-term CT contrast enhancement and a long-term MR effect recognizable by the characteristic blooming shape. Finally, no signs of adverse tissue reactions were noticed in vivo. In conclusion, this study proved the feasibility of a multimodal contrast agent as an inert and biocompatible enhancer of CaP cement versus bone tissue contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ventura
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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