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Jin W, Zhao R, Wang R, Choi SR, Ploessl K, Alexoff D, Wu Z, Zhu L, Kung HF. Theranostic Agent Targeting Bone Metastasis: A Novel [ 68Ga]Ga/[ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-HBED-bisphosphonate. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38450559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastasis in cancer patients is a major disease advancement for various types of cancer. Previously, [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-bisphosphonate ([68Ga]Ga-P15-041) showed excellent bone uptake and efficient detection of bone metastasis in patients. To accommodate different α- or β--emitting metals for radionuclide therapy, a novel DOTA-HBED-CC-bisphosphonate (P15-073, 1) was prepared and the corresponding [68Ga]Ga-1 and [177Lu]Lu-1 were successfully synthesized in high yields and purity. Gallium-68 conjugation to HBED-CC at room temperature and lutetium-177 conjugation to DOTA at 95 °C were verified in model compounds through secondary mass confirmation. These bisphosphonates, [68Ga]Ga-1 and [177Lu]Lu-1, displayed high binding affinity to hydroxyapatite in vitro. After an iv injection, it showed excellent uptake in the spine of normal mice, and micro-PET/CT imaging of nude mice model of bone metastasis showed high bone uptake in tumor tissue. The results indicated that [68Ga]Ga/[177Lu]Lu-1 holds promise as a theranostic radioligand agent for managing cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Jin
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Ruiyue Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David Alexoff
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zehui Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Chakraborty S, Chatterjee S, Chakravarty R, Sarma HD, Nanabala R, Goswami D, Joy A, Pillai MRA. Synthesis, Quality Control, and Bench-to-Bed Translation of a New [ 68Ga]Ga-Labeled NOTA-Conjugated Bisphosphonate for Imaging Skeletal Metastases by Positron Emission Tomography. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:92-101. [PMID: 38335449 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Early detection of skeletal metastasis is of great interest to determine the prognosis of cancer. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging provides a better temporal and spectral resolution than single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging, and hence is more suitable to detect small metastatic lesions. Although [18F]NaF has been approved by U.S. FDA for a similar purpose, requirement of a medical cyclotron for its regular formulation restricts its extensive utilization. Efforts have been made to find suitable alternative molecules that can be labeled with 68Ga and used in PET-CT imaging. Objective: The main objective of this study is to synthesize and evaluate a new [68Ga]Ga-labeled NOTA-conjugated geminal bisphosphonate for its potential use in early detection of skeletal metastases using PET-CT. Methods: The authors performed a multistep synthesis of a new NOTA-conjugated bisphosphonic acid using thiourea linker and radiolabeled the molecule with 68Ga. The radiolabeled formulation was evaluated for its in vitro stability, affinity for hydroxyapatite (HA) particles, preclinical biodistribution in animal models, and PET-CT imaging in patients. Results: The bifunctional chelator (NOTA)-conjugated bisphosphonate was synthesized with 97.8% purity and radiolabeled with 68Ga in high yield (>98%). The radiolabeled formulation was found to retain its stability in vitro to the extent of >95% up to 4 h in physiological saline and human serum. The formulation also showed high affinity for HA particles in vitro with Kd = 907 ± 14 mL/g. Preclinical biodistribution studies in normal Wistar rats demonstrated rapid and almost exclusive skeletal accumulation of the complex. PET-CT imaging in a patient confirmed its ability to detect small metastatic skeletal lesions. Conclusions: The newly synthesized [68Ga]Ga-labeled NOTA-conjugated bisphosphonate is a promising radiotracer for PET-CT imaging for skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sucheta Chatterjee
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Bio Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Haldhar D Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Dibakar Goswami
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Bio Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Ajith Joy
- Molecular Group of Companies, Ernakulam, India
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Souche C, Fouillet J, Rubira L, Donzé C, Deshayes E, Fersing C. Bisphosphonates as Radiopharmaceuticals: Spotlight on the Development and Clinical Use of DOTAZOL in Diagnostics and Palliative Radionuclide Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:462. [PMID: 38203632 PMCID: PMC10779041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are therapeutic agents that have been used for almost five decades in the treatment of various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, Paget disease and prevention of osseous complications in cancer patients. In nuclear medicine, simple bisphosphonates such as 99mTc-radiolabelled oxidronate and medronate remain first-line bone scintigraphic imaging agents for both oncology and non-oncology indications. In line with the growing interest in theranostic molecules, bifunctional bisphosphonates bearing a chelating moiety capable of complexing a variety of radiometals were designed. Among them, DOTA-conjugated zoledronate (DOTAZOL) emerged as an ideal derivative for both PET imaging (when radiolabeled with 68Ga) and management of bone metastases from various types of cancer (when radiolabeled with 177Lu). In this context, this report provides an overview of the main medicinal chemistry aspects concerning bisphosphonates, discussing their roles in molecular oncology imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy with a particular focus on bifunctional bisphosphonates. Particular attention is also paid to the development of DOTAZOL, with emphasis on the radiochemistry and quality control aspects of its preparation, before outlining the preclinical and clinical data obtained so far with this radiopharmaceutical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céleste Souche
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Juliette Fouillet
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Léa Rubira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Donzé
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Buziková M, Willimetz R, Kotek J. The Hydrolytic Activity of Copper(II) Complexes with 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane Derivatives for the Hydrolysis of Phosphate Diesters. Molecules 2023; 28:7542. [PMID: 38005264 PMCID: PMC10673150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of substituted 1,4,7-triazacyclononane ligands was synthesised, including a wide series of novel derivatives bearing a thiazole or thiophene side group, with the potential to incorporate these derivatives into a polymeric material; some previously known/studied ligands were also synthesised for comparative purposes. The corresponding copper(II) complexes were prepared, and their ability to mediate the hydrolysis of phosphate ester bonds was studied via UV-Vis spectrophotometry, using bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate as a model substrate. Some of the prepared complexes showed a considerable enhancement of the phosphate ester hydrolysis in comparison with previously studied systems, which makes them some of the most effective complexes ever tested for this purpose. Therefore, these novel, potentially bifunctional systems could provide the possibility of creating new coating materials for medicinal devices that could prevent biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
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Keeling GP, Baark F, Katsamenis OL, Xue J, Blower PJ, Bertazzo S, T M de Rosales R. 68Ga-bisphosphonates for the imaging of extraosseous calcification by positron emission tomography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14611. [PMID: 37669973 PMCID: PMC10480432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabelled bisphosphonates (BPs) and [18F]NaF (18F-fluoride) are the two types of radiotracers available to image calcium mineral (e.g. bone), yet only [18F]NaF has been widely explored for the non-invasive molecular imaging of extraosseous calcification (EC) using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. These two radiotracers bind calcium mineral deposits via different mechanisms, with BPs chelating to calcium ions and thus being non-selective, and [18F]NaF being selective for hydroxyapatite (HAp) which is the main component of bone mineral. Considering that the composition of EC has been reported to include a diverse range of non-HAp calcium minerals, we hypothesised that BPs may be more sensitive for imaging EC due to their ability to bind to both HAp and non-HAp deposits. We report a comparison between the 68Ga-labelled BP tracer [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam and [18F]NaF for PET imaging in a rat model of EC that develops macro- and microcalcifications in several organs. Macrocalcifications were identified using preclinical computed tomography (CT) and microcalcifications were identified using µCT-based 3D X-ray histology (XRH) on isolated organs ex vivo. The morphological and mineral analysis of individual calcified deposits was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). PET imaging and ex vivo analysis results demonstrated that while both radiotracers behave similarly for bone imaging, the BP-based radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam was able to detect EC more sensitively in several organs in which the mineral composition departs from that of HAp. Our results strongly suggest that BP-based PET radiotracers such as [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam may have a particular advantage for the sensitive imaging and early detection of EC by being able to detect a wider array of relevant calcium minerals in vivo than [18F]NaF, and should be evaluated clinically for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Keeling
- Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Friedrich Baark
- Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Highfield Campus, µ-VIS X-Ray Imaging Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- Department of Imaging Chemistry & Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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6
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Hong H, Zha Z, Zhao R, Luo Y, Jin W, Li L, Wang R, Yan L, Wang H, Ploessl K, Qiao J, Zhu L, Kung HF. [ 68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-FAPI Derivatives with Improved Radiolabeling and Specific Tumor Uptake. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2159-2169. [PMID: 36942924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is selectively expressed in tumors and highly important for maintaining the microenvironment in malignant tumors. Radioisotope-labeled FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) were proven to be useful for diagnosis and radionuclide therapy of cancer and are under active clinical investigations. Ga-HBED complex displays a higher in vivo stability constant (log KGaL: 38.5), compared to that of Ga-DOTA (log KGaL: 21.3). Such advantage in stability constant suggests that it may be useful for development of alternative FAPI imaging agents. In this study, previously reported [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-02 and -04 were converted to the corresponding [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-FAPI-02 and -04 derivatives ([68Ga]Ga-4, [68Ga]Ga-5, [68Ga]Ga-6, and [68Ga]Ga-7). It was found that substituting the DOTA chelating group with HBED-CC led to several unique and desirable tumor-targeting properties: (1) robust, fast, and high yield labeling─readily adaptable to a kit formulation; (2) high stabilities in vitro; (3) excellent FAP binding affinities (IC50 ranging between 4 and 7 nM) and improved cell uptake and retention (in HT1080 (FAP+) cells); and (4) excellent selective in vivo tumor uptake in nude mice bearing U87MG tumor. It appeared that Ga(III) chelation with HBED-CC improved the in vivo kinetics favoring higher tumor uptake and retention compared to the corresponding Ga-DOTA complex. Out of the four tested ligands the new [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-FAPI dimer, [68Ga]Ga-6, displayed the best tumor localization properties, and further studies are warranted to demonstrate that it is an alternative FAP imaging agent for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ruiyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Rivas C, Jackson JA, Rigby A, Jarvis JA, White AJP, Blower PJ, Phanopoulos A, Ma MT. Probing Unexpected Reactivity in Radiometal Chemistry: Indium-111-Mediated Hydrolysis of Hybrid Cyclen-Hydroxypyridinone Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5270-5281. [PMID: 36926900 PMCID: PMC10074387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Chelators based on hydroxypyridinones have utility in incorporating radioactive metal ions into diagnostic and therapeutic agents used in nuclear medicine. Over the course of our hydroxypyridinone studies, we have prepared two novel chelators, consisting of a cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) ring bearing two pendant hydroxypyridinone groups, appended via methylene acetamide motifs at either the 1,4-positions (L1) or 1,7-positions (L2) of the cyclen ring. In radiolabeling reactions of L1 or L2 with the γ-emitting radioisotope, [111In]In3+, we have observed radiometal-mediated hydrolysis of a single amide group of either L1 or L2. The reaction of either [111In]In3+ or [natIn]In3+ with either L1 or L2, in aqueous alkaline solutions at 80 °C, initially results in formation of [In(L1)]+ or [In(L2)]+, respectively. Over time, each of these species undergoes In3+-mediated hydrolysis of a single amide group to yield species in which In3+ remains coordinated to the resultant chelator, which consists of a cyclen ring bearing a single hydroxypyridinone group and a single carboxylate group. The reactivity toward hydrolysis is higher for the L1 complex compared to that for the L2 complex. Density functional theory calculations corroborate these experimental findings and importantly indicate that the activation energy required for the hydrolysis of L1 is significantly lower than that required for L2. This is the first reported example of a chelator undergoing radiometal-mediated hydrolysis to form a radiometalated complex. It is possible that metal-mediated amide bond cleavage is a source of instability in other radiotracers, particularly those in which radiometal complexation occurs in aqueous, basic solutions at high temperatures. This study highlights the importance of appropriate characterization of radiolabeled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rivas
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Jessica A Jackson
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Alex Rigby
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - James A Jarvis
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Michelle T Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
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Modern Developments in Bifunctional Chelator Design for Gallium Radiopharmaceuticals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010203. [PMID: 36615397 PMCID: PMC9822085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The positron-emitting radionuclide gallium-68 has become increasingly utilised in both preclinical and clinical settings with positron emission tomography (PET). The synthesis of radiochemically pure gallium-68 radiopharmaceuticals relies on careful consideration of the coordination chemistry. The short half-life of 68 min necessitates rapid quantitative radiolabelling (≤10 min). Desirable radiolabelling conditions include near-neutral pH, ambient temperatures, and low chelator concentrations to achieve the desired apparent molar activity. This review presents a broad overview of the requirements of an efficient bifunctional chelator in relation to the aqueous coordination chemistry of gallium. Developments in bifunctional chelator design and application are then presented and grouped according to eight categories of bifunctional chelator: the macrocyclic chelators DOTA and TACN; the acyclic HBED, pyridinecarboxylates, siderophores, tris(hydroxypyridinones), and DTPA; and the mesocyclic diazepines.
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9
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Preparation, Optimisation, and In Vitro Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-Pamidronic Acid for Bone Imaging PET. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227969. [PMID: 36432069 PMCID: PMC9696850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
[18F]sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF) is recognised to be superior to [99mTc]-methyl diphosphate ([99mTc]Tc-MDP) and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) in bone imaging. However, there is concern that [18F]NaF uptake is not cancer-specific, leading to a higher number of false-positive interpretations. Therefore, in this work, [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid was prepared, optimised, and tested for its in vitro uptake. NOTA-pamidronic acid was prepared by an N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester strategy and validated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS). Radiolabeling of [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid was optimised, and it was ensured that all quality control analysis requirements for the radiopharmaceuticals were met prior to the in vitro cell uptake studies. NOTA-pamidronic acid was successfully prepared and radiolabeled with 18F. The radiolabel was prepared in a 1:1 molar ratio of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) to NOTA-pamidronic acid and heated at 100 °C for 15 min in the presence of 50% ethanol (v/v), which proved to be optimal. The preliminary in vitro results of the binding of the hydroxyapatite showed that [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid was as sensitive as [18F]sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF). Normal human osteoblast cell lines (hFOB 1.19) and human osteosarcoma cell lines (Saos-2) were used for the in vitro cellular uptake studies. It was found that [18F]NaF was higher in both cell lines, but [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid showed promising cellular uptake in Saos-2. The preliminary results suggest that further preclinical studies of [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid are needed before it is transferred to clinical research.
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10
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Pazderová L, Benešová M, Havlíčková J, Vojtíčková M, Kotek J, Lubal P, Ullrich M, Walther M, Schulze S, Neuber C, Rammelt S, Pietzsch HJ, Pietzsch J, Kubíček V, Hermann P. Cyclam with a phosphinate-bis(phosphonate) pendant arm is a bone-targeting carrier of copper radionuclides. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9541-9555. [PMID: 35670322 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ligands combining a bis(phosphonate) group with a macrocycle function as metal isotope carriers for radionuclide-based imaging and for treating bone metastases associated with several cancers. However, bis(phosphonate) pendant arms often slow down complex formation and decrease radiochemical yields. Nevertheless, their negative effect on complexation rates may be mitigated by using a suitable spacer between bis(phosphonate) and the macrocycle. To demonstrate the potential of bis(phosphonate) bearing macrocyclic ligands as a copper radioisotope carrier, we report the synthesis of a new cyclam derivative bearing a phosphinate-bis(phosphonate) pendant (H5te1PBP). The ligand showed a high selectivity to CuII over ZnII and NiII ions, and the bis(phosphonate) group was not coordinated in the CuII complex, strongly interacting with other metal ions in solution. The CuII complex formed quickly, in 1 s, at pH 5 and at a millimolar scale. The complexation rates significantly differed under a ligand or metal ion excess due to the formation of reaction intermediates differing in their metal-to-ligand ratio and protonation state, respectively. The CuII-te1PBP complex also showed a high resistance to acid-assisted hydrolysis (t1/2 2.7 h; 1 M HClO4, 25 °C) and was effectively adsorbed on the hydroxyapatite surface. H5te1PBP radiolabeling with [64Cu]CuCl2 was fast and efficient, with specific activities of approximately 30 GBq 64Cu per 1 μmol of ligand (pH 5.5, room temperature, 30 min). In a pilot experiment, we further demonstrated the excellent suitability of [64Cu]CuII-te1PBP for imaging active bone compartments by dedicated small animal PET/CT in healthy mice and subsequently in a rat femoral defect model, in direct comparison with [18F]fluoride. Moreover, [64Cu]CuII-te1PBP showed a higher uptake in critical bone defect regions. Therefore, our study highlights the potential of [64Cu]CuII-te1PBP as a PET radiotracer for evaluating bone healing in preclinical and clinical settings with a diagnostic value similar to that of [18F]fluoride, albeit with a longer half-life (12.7 h) than 18F (1.8 h), thereby enabling extended observation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pazderová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Benešová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic. .,Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Havlíčková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Margareta Vojtíčková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Přemysl Lubal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Walther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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11
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Kodina GE, Maruk AY, Klementyeva OE, Mitrofanov YA, Malysheva AO, Lunev AS, Luneva KA, Tsebrikova GS, Baulin VE, Ragulin VV. Comparative Evaluation of the Properties of Aminopolyphosphonates as Chemical Precursors of Samarium-153 Radiopharmaceuticals. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222050188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Kubinec J, Širůčková V, Havlíčková J, Kotek J, Kubicek V, Lubal P, Hermann P. Complexes of NOTA‐monoamides with CuII ion: Structural, equilibrium and kinetic study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kubinec
- Univerzita Karlova Přírodovědecká fakulta: Univerzita Karlova Prirodovedecka fakulta Department of Inorganic Chemistry CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Viktorie Širůčková
- Masarykova univerzita Přírodovědecká fakulta: Masarykova univerzita Prirodovedecka Fakulta Department of Chemistry CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Jana Havlíčková
- PřF UK: Univerzita Karlova Prirodovedecka fakulta Department of Inorganic Chemistry CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Jan Kotek
- Univerzita Karlova Prirodovedecka fakulta Department of Inorganic Chemistry CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Vojtech Kubicek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science Department of Inorganic Chemistry Hlavova 2030 128 40 Prague 2 CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Přemysl Lubal
- Masarykova univerzita Přírodovědecká fakulta: Masarykova univerzita Prirodovedecka Fakulta Department of Chemistry CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Petr Hermann
- Univerzita Karlova Přírodovědecká fakulta: Univerzita Karlova Prirodovedecka fakulta Departmnet of Inorganic Chemistry CZECH REPUBLIC
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13
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14
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Davey PRWJ, Forsyth CM, Paterson BM. Crystallographic and Computational Characterisation of the Potential PET Tracer 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐tri(methylenephosphonato)gallium(III). ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig M. Forsyth
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- Current address: Centre for Advanced Imaging University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
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15
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Keeling GP, Sherin B, Kim J, San Juan B, Grus T, Eykyn TR, Rösch F, Smith GE, Blower PJ, Terry SYA, T M de Rosales R. [ 68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam: A Bisphosphonate PET Tracer with Facile Radiolabeling and Broad Calcium Mineral Affinity. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1276-1289. [PMID: 32786371 PMCID: PMC7611355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium minerals such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be detected noninvasively in vivo using nuclear imaging agents such as [18F]NaF (available from cyclotrons), for positron emission tomography (PET) and 99mTc-radiolabeled bisphosphonates (BP; available from 99mTc generators for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or scintigraphy). These two types of imaging agents allow detection of bone metastases (based on the presence of HAp) and vascular calcification lesions (that contain HAp and other calcium minerals). With the aim of developing a cyclotron-independent PET radiotracer for these lesions, with broad calcium mineral affinity and simple one-step radiolabeling, we developed [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam. Radiolabeling with 68Ga is achieved using a mild single-step kit (5 min, room temperature, pH 7) to high radiochemical yield and purity (>95%). NMR studies demonstrate that Ga binds via the THP chelator, leaving the BP free to bind to its biological target. [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam shows high stability in human serum. The calcium mineral binding of [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam was compared in vitro to two other 68Ga-BPs which have been successfully evaluated in humans, [68Ga]Ga-NO2APBP and [68Ga]Ga-BPAMD, as well as [18F]NaF. Interestingly, we found that all 68Ga-BPs have a high affinity for a broad range of calcium minerals implicated in vascular calcification disease, while [18F]NaF is selective for HAp. Using healthy young mice as a model of metabolically active growing calcium mineral in vivo, we compared the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam with [18F]NaF as well as [68Ga]NO2APBP. These studies revealed that [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam has high in vivo affinity for bone tissue (high bone/muscle and bone/blood ratios) and fast blood clearance (t1/2 < 10 min) comparable to both [68Ga]NO2APBP and [18F]NaF. Overall, [68Ga]Ga-THP-Pam shows high potential for clinical translation as a cyclotron-independent calcium mineral PET radiotracer, with simple and efficient radiochemistry that can be easily implemented in any radiopharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Keeling
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Billie Sherin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Jana Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Belinda San Juan
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Tilmann Grus
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gareth E Smith
- Theragnostics Ltd, 2 Arlington Square, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 1WA, U.K
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
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16
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Mittal S, Sharma R, Mallia MB, Sarma HD. 68Ga-labeled PET tracers for targeting tumor hypoxia: Role of bifunctional chelators on pharmacokinetics. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:61-67. [PMID: 33838524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION By virtue of their oxygen dependant accumulation in hypoxic cells, radiolabeled nitroimidazole analogues have been widely used for detecting tumor hypoxia. Present study evaluates two 2-nitroimidazole (2-NIM) based 68Ga-labeled radiotracers, [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA-2-NIM and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-2-NIM, for hypoxia targeting applications. METHODS Bifunctional chelating agents suitable for radiolabeling with 68Ga, viz. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododececane,1-(glutaric acid)-4,7,10-triacetic acid (DOTAGA) and 1,4,7-triazacyclododececane,1-(glutaric acid)-4,7-diacetic acid (NODAGA), were coupled to appropriately modified 2-nitroimidazole to obtain 2-NIM-DOTAGA and 2-NIM-NODAGA, respectively. These ligands were radiolabeled using [68Ga]GaCl3 obtained from a commercial 68Ge/68Ga-generator to obtain corresponding 68Ga-complexes. Both the radiotracers were tested for their hypoxia selectivity in CHO cells under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Biodistribution studies in fibrosarcoma tumor bearing Swiss mice were carried out to evaluate the radiotracer in vivo. RESULTS The 68Ga complexes of 2-NIM-DOTAGA and 2-NIM-NODAGA could be prepared in ~82% and ~90% yield, respectively. In vitro studies of the complexes in CHO cells showed significant accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-2-NIM complex under hypoxic conditions with hypoxic to normoxic ratio of 2.88 ± 0.36 at 180 min post incubation. The [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA-2-NIM complex also showed hypoxia selectivity albeit to a lesser extent. Biodistribution studies of the complexes in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumor showed significant tumor uptake by both radiolabeled complexes. [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-2-NIM showed a more favorable pharmacokinetics with respect to [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA-2-NIM. CONCLUSION The nitroimidazole radiotracer with NODAGA chelator displayed more favorable pharmacokinetics and good hypoxia selectivity, making it a promising candidate for further investigation. The present study also provides an insight into the possible role of bifunctional chelator on overall pharmacokinetics of small molecule radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Mittal
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Madhava B Mallia
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Hassan H, Othman MF, Razak HRA. 18F-labeled bisphosphonate as an alternative candidate to the gold standard [18F]sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF) for PET bone imaging. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:1271-1275. [PMID: 33593263 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210216091202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases are a common source of malignancy in the skeleton and occur much more often than primary bone cancer. Several works were ongoing to identify early markers for bone metastasis and novel drug targets to improve patients' quality of life. As some concerns exist with the [18F]sodium fluoride in positron emission tomography (PET) bone imaging, there has been an increase in the number of targeted radiopharmaceutical markers for bone metastases imaging in its competitor, 68Ga. Since 18F properties are superior to those of 68Ga, there is a distinct motivation for developing 18F radiopharmaceuticals for bone metastases imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hishar Hassan
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faiz Othman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Hairil Rashmizal Abdul Razak
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor. Malaysia
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18
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Knighton RC, Troadec T, Mazan V, Le Saëc P, Marionneau-Lambot S, Le Bihan T, Saffon-Merceron N, Le Bris N, Chérel M, Faivre-Chauvet A, Elhabiri M, Charbonnière LJ, Tripier R. Cyclam-Based Chelators Bearing Phosphonated Pyridine Pendants for 64Cu-PET Imaging: Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies, Radiolabeling, and Bioimaging. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2634-2648. [PMID: 33496592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present the preparation of two novel cyclam-based macrocycles (te1pyp and cb-te1pyp), bearing phosphonate-appended pyridine side arms for the coordination of copper(II) ions in the context of 64Cu PET imaging. The two ligands have been prepared through conventional protection-alkylation sequences on cyclam, and their coordination properties have been thoroughly investigated. The corresponding copper complexes have been fully characterized in the solid state (X-ray diffraction analysis) and in solution (EPR and UV-vis spectroscopies). Potentiometric studies combined with spectrometry have also allowed us to determine their thermodynamic stability constants, confirming their high affinity for copper(II) cations. The kinetic inertness of the complexes has been verified by acid-assisted dissociation experiments, enabling their use in 64Cu-PET imaging in mice for the first time. Indeed, the two ligands could be quantitatively radiolabeled under mild conditions, and the resulting 64Cu complexes have demonstrated excellent stability in serum. PET imaging demonstrated a set of features emerging from the combination of picolinates and phosphonate units: high stability in vivo, fast clearance from the body via renal elimination, and most interestingly, very low fixation in the liver. This is in contrast with what was observed for monopicolinate cyclam (te1pa), which had a non-negligible accumulation in the liver, owing probably to its different charge and lipophilicity. These results thus pave the way for the use of such phosphonated pyridine chelators for in vivo 64Cu-PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Knighton
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Thibault Troadec
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Valérie Mazan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Patricia Le Saëc
- Université de Nantes, CHRU de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), Unité INSERM 1232-CNRS 6299, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Marionneau-Lambot
- Université de Nantes, CHRU de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), Unité INSERM 1232-CNRS 6299, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Le Bihan
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France
| | | | - Nathalie Le Bris
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Michel Chérel
- Université de Nantes, CHRU de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), Unité INSERM 1232-CNRS 6299, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- Université de Nantes, CHRU de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), Unité INSERM 1232-CNRS 6299, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Loïc J Charbonnière
- UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, , 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France
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Sicco E, Baez J, Ibarra M, Fernández M, Cabral P, Moreno M, Cerecetto H, Calzada V. Sgc8-c Aptamer as a Potential Theranostic Agent for Hemato-Oncological Malignancies. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 35:262-270. [PMID: 32407201 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aptamers represent an emerging class of oligonucleotides that have the ability to bind ligands with high affinity. Sgc8-c aptamer recognizes PTK7, a member of the catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase family that is upregulated in various cancers, including hemato-oncological malignancies. Herein, an Sgc8-c-NOTA-radiolabeled probe was prepared for theranostic purpose. Materials and Methods: In this work, an Sgc8-c-radiolabeled probe against PTK7 was prepared, and biological evaluations-pharmacokinetic studies, biodistribution analysis, and in vivo molecular imaging-were performed. To obtain the radiolabeled probe, a modified 5'-amino-derivative of the Sgc8-c aptamer was bound to the metal chelator NOTA, and subsequently labeled with 67Ga with high yield and radiochemical purity. The precursor, Sgc8-c-NOTA, the radio probe Sgc8-c-NOTA-67Ga, and its nonradioactive complex, Sgc8-c-NOTA-69/71Ga, were purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The binding ability of Sgc8-c-NOTA-67Ga was studied in vitro against purified PTK7 receptor. In addition, the binding was also evidenced against the hemato-oncological A20 cell line, derived from B lymphocytes, and the corresponding A20-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transfected cells. The proof of concept was performed on A20-GFP tumor-bearing mice, in which the biodistribution of the radiolabeled probe was evaluated through imaging, using X-ray, fluorescence, and γ modalities. The specific uptake of the probe was confirmed by blocking with the Sgc8-c aptamer in an in vivo competition assay. Results: The biodistribution results showed considerable uptake in tumor since 2 h, with highest at 48 h postinjection. However, the blood and muscle ID/g (injected dose per gram of tissue) activities were decreasing with time and tumor/no-target ratios increasing to 20 at 24 h postinjection. These results are consistent with the in vivo images. Conclusions: This study supports the utility of Sgc8-c-NOTA radiolabeled as a theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Sicco
- Departamento de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jessica Baez
- Departamento de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Manuel Ibarra
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Fernández
- Laboratorio de Experimentacion Animal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Cabral
- Departamento de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Moreno
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Departamento de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Calzada
- Departamento de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Hong H, Ploessl K, Zha Z, Wang H, Guo R, Xie Q, Zhu H, Yang Z, Zhu L, Kung HF. Development and validation of a kit formulation of [ 68Ga]Ga-P15-041 as a bone imaging agent. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 169:109485. [PMID: 33360838 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the commonly performed studies in nuclear medicine are bone scans with [99mTc]Tc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) for detecting various bone lesions, including cancer metastasis. The recent emergence of commercially available 68Ge/68Ga radionuclide generators makes it possible to provide 68Ga-labelled bisphosphonates as positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for bone imaging. Preliminary human studies suggested that [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-BP ([68Ga]Ga-P15-041) in conjunction with PET/computed tomography (CT) showed accumulation in known bone lesions, fast clearance from blood and soft tissue, and an ability to provide high contrast images. A simple and efficient lyophilized P15-041 kit formulation for the rapid production of [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 with excellent radiochemical purity (RCP) under ambient temperature without the need for purification is described. It is demonstrated that clinical doses of [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 can be prepared manually within minutes with an excellent purity (> 90%) and readily meet the dose release criteria. When [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 was evaluated in a patient with cancer, the imaging agent clearly showed accumulations in multiple lesions. In conclusion, [68Ga]Ga-P15-041, prepared by a lyophilized kit, might be an excellent bone imaging agent for widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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21
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Pandya DN, Henry KE, Day CS, Graves SA, Nagle VL, Dilling TR, Sinha A, Ehrmann BM, Bhatt NB, Menda Y, Lewis JS, Wadas TJ. Polyazamacrocycle Ligands Facilitate 89Zr Radiochemistry and Yield 89Zr Complexes with Remarkable Stability. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17473-17487. [PMID: 33169605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the chemistry of zirconium has facilitated antibody development and the clinical management of disease in the precision medicine era. Scientists have harnessed its reactivity, coordination chemistry, and nuclear chemistry to develop antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals incorporating zirconium-89 (89Zr: t1/2 = 78.4 h, β+: 22.8%, Eβ+max = 901 keV; EC: 77%, Eγ = 909 keV) to improve disease detection, identify patients for individualized therapeutic interventions. and monitor their response to those interventions. However, release of the 89Zr4+ ion from the radiopharmaceutical remains a concern, since it may confound the interpretation of clinical imaging data, negatively affect dosimetric calculations, and hinder treatment planning. In this report, we relate our novel observations involving the use of polyazamacrocycles as zirconium-89 chelators. We describe the synthesis and complete characterization of zirconium 2,2',2″,2‴-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid (Zr-TRITA), zirconium 3,6,9,15-Tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1] pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-3,6,9-triacetic acid (Zr-PCTA), and zirconium 2,2',2″-(1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid (Zr-NOTA). In addition, we elucidate the solid-state structure of each complex using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, we found that [89Zr]Zr-PCTA and [89Zr]Zr-NOTA demonstrate excellent stability in vitro and in vivo and provide a rationale for these observations. These innovative findings have the potential to guide the development of safer and more robust immuno-PET agents to improve precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan N Pandya
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Cynthia S Day
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Stephen A Graves
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Veronica L Nagle
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas R Dilling
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Akesh Sinha
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Brandie M Ehrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nikunj B Bhatt
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thaddeus J Wadas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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22
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Ashhar Z, Yusof NA, Ahmad Saad FF, Mohd Nor SM, Mohammad F, Bahrin Wan Kamal WH, Hassan MH, Ahmad Hassali H, Al-Lohedan HA. Preparation, Characterization, and Radiolabeling of [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Pamidronic Acid: A Potential PET Bone Imaging Agent. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112668. [PMID: 32526838 PMCID: PMC7321328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of bone metastases is crucial to prevent skeletal-related events, and for that, the non-invasive techniques to diagnose bone metastases that make use of image-guided radiopharmaceuticals are being employed as an alternative to traditional biopsies. Hence, in the present work, we tested the efficacy of a gallium-68 (68Ga)-based compound as a radiopharmaceutical agent towards the bone imaging in positron emitting tomography (PET). For that, we prepared, thoroughly characterized, and radiolabeled [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-pamidronic acid radiopharmaceutical, a 68Ga precursor for PET bone cancer imaging applications. The preparation of NODAGA-pamidronic acid was performed via the N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester strategy and was characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MSn). The unreacted NODAGA chelator was separated using the ion-suppression reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, and the freeze-dried NODAGA-pamidronic acid was radiolabeled with 68Ga. The radiolabeling condition was found to be most optimum at a pH ranging from 4 to 4.5 and a temperature of above 60 °C. From previous work, we found that the pamidronic acid itself has a good bone binding affinity. Moreover, from the analysis of the results, the ionic structure of radiolabeled [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-pamidronic acid has the ability to improve the blood clearance and may exert good renal excretion, enhance the bone-to-background ratio, and consequently the final image quality. This was reflected by both the in vitro bone binding assay and in vivo animal biodistribution presented in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarif Ashhar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Z.A.); (S.M.M.N.)
- Pharmacy Department, National Cancer Institute, Putrajaya 62250, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Z.A.); (S.M.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.A.Y.); (F.M.); Tel.: +966-11-467-5998 (F.M.); Fax: +966-11-467-9972 (F.M.)
| | - Fathinul Fikri Ahmad Saad
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging (CDNI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.F.A.S.); (M.H.H.)
| | - Siti Mariam Mohd Nor
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Z.A.); (S.M.M.N.)
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Surfactants Research Chair, Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (N.A.Y.); (F.M.); Tel.: +966-11-467-5998 (F.M.); Fax: +966-11-467-9972 (F.M.)
| | | | - Muhammad Hishar Hassan
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging (CDNI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Putra Malaysia University, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.F.A.S.); (M.H.H.)
| | - Hazlina Ahmad Hassali
- Bahagian Teknologi Perubatan, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Selangor, Kajang 43600, Malaysia; (W.H.B.W.K.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Surfactants Research Chair, Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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23
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Urbanovský P, Kotek J, Císařová I, Hermann P. Selective and clean synthesis of aminoalkyl- H-phosphinic acids from hypophosphorous acid by phospha-Mannich reaction. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21329-21349. [PMID: 35518776 PMCID: PMC9059144 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoalkyl-H-phosphinic acids, also called aminoalkylphosphonous acids, are investigated as biologically active analogues of carboxylic amino acids and/or as valuable intermediates for synthesis of other aminoalkylphosphorus acids. Their synthesis has been mostly accomplished by phospha-Mannich reaction of a P–H precursor, an aldehyde and an amine. The reaction is rarely clean and high-yielding. Here, reaction of H3PO2 with secondary amines and formaldehyde in wet AcOH led to aminomethyl-H-phosphinic acids in nearly quantitative yields and with almost no by-products. Surprisingly, the reaction outcome depended on the basicity of the amines. Amines with pKa > 7–8 gave the desired products. For less basic amines, reductive N-methylation coupled with oxidation of H3PO2 to H3PO3 became a relevant side reaction. Primary amines reacted less clearly and amino-bis(methyl-H-phosphinic acids) were obtained only for very basic amines. Reaction yields with higher aldehydes were lower. Unique carboxylic–phosphinic–phosphonic acids as well as poly(H-phosphinic acids) derived from polyamines were obtained. Synthetic usefulness of the aminoalkyl-H-phosphinic was illustrated in P–H bond oxidation and its addition to double bonds, and in selective amine deprotection. Compounds with an ethylene-diamine fragment, e.g. most common polyazamacrocycles, are not suitable substrates. The X-ray solid-state structures of seventeen aminoalkyl-phosphinic acids were determined. In the reaction mechanism, N-hydroxyalkyl species R2NCH2OH and [R2N(CH2OH)2]+, probably stabilized as acetate esters, are suggested as the reactive intermediates. This mechanism is an alternative one to the known phospha-Mannich reaction mechanisms. The conditions can be utilized in syntheses of various aminoalkylphosphorus compounds. Acetic acid was used as a new solvent for phospha-Mannich reaction leading to clear reaction mixtures and high yields of the aminoalkylphosphonous acids (AHPA), and hydroxymethylated species were suggested as key intermediates in the reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Urbanovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University) Hlavova 8/2030, 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic +420-22195-1253 +420-22195-1263
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University) Hlavova 8/2030, 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic +420-22195-1253 +420-22195-1263
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University) Hlavova 8/2030, 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic +420-22195-1253 +420-22195-1263
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University) Hlavova 8/2030, 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic +420-22195-1253 +420-22195-1263
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24
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Lawal IO, Mokoala KMG, Mahapane J, Kleyhans J, Meckel M, Vorster M, Ebenhan T, Rösch F, Sathekge MM. A prospective intra-individual comparison of [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA ZOL PET/CT, and [ 99mTc]Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy for radionuclide imaging of prostate cancer skeletal metastases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:134-142. [PMID: 32424485 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) commonly metastasizes to the bones. There are several radionuclide techniques for imaging PCa skeletal metastases. We aimed to compare the lesion detection rate of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-zoledronate ([68Ga]Ga-NODAGAZOL) PET/CT, and [99mTc]Tc-MDP bone scan in the assessment of bone metastases in patients with advanced PCa. METHODS We prospectively recruited two cohorts of patients (staging and re-staging cohorts) with advanced prostate cancer. The staging cohort was treatment-naïve PCa patients who showed skeletal metastases on bone scan. These patients were subsequently imaged with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGAZOL PET/CT. Re-staging cohort was patients who were previously treated with PSMA-based radioligand therapy and were experiencing PSA progression. The re-staging cohort was imaged with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGAZOL PET/CT. We performed a per-patient and per-lesion analysis of skeletal metastases in both cohorts and made a comparison between scan findings. RESULTS Eighteen patients were included with a median age of 68 years (range = 48-80) and a median Gleason score of 8. There were ten patients in the staging cohort with a median PSA of 119.26 ng/mL (range = 4.63-18,948.00) and eight patients in the re-staging cohort with a median PSA of 48.56 ng/mL (range = 6.51-3175.00). In the staging cohort, skeletal metastases detected by [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, [68Ga]Ga-NODAGAZOL PET/CT, and bone scan were 322, 288, and 261, respectively, p = 0.578. In the re-staging cohort, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGAZOL PET/CT detected 152 and 191 skeletal metastases, respectively, p = 0.529. In two patients with negative [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT findings, [68Ga]Ga-NODAGAZOL detected one skeletal metastasis in one patient and 12 skeletal metastases in the other. CONCLUSION In patients with advanced prostate cancer, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT may detect more lesions than [68Ga]Ga-NODAGAZOL PET/CT and [99mTc]Tc-MDP bone scan for the staging of skeletal metastases. In patients who experience PSA progression on PSMA-based radioligand therapy, [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA PET/CT is a more suitable imaging modality for the detection of skeletal lesions not expressing PSMA. In the setting of re-staging, [68Ga]Ga-NODAGAZOL PET/CT may detect more lesions than [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaheel O Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kgomotso M G Mokoala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Johncy Mahapane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Janke Kleyhans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marian Meckel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. .,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
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25
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Doot RK, Young AJ, Daube-Witherspoon ME, Alexoff D, Labban KJ, Lee H, Wu Z, Zha Z, Choi SR, Ploessl KH, Schubert EK, Lee H, Zhu L, Reddin JS, Karp JS, Kung H, Pryma DA. Biodistribution, dosimetry, and temporal signal-to-noise ratio analyses of normal and cancer uptake of [ 68Ga]Ga-P15-041, a gallium-68 labeled bisphosphonate, from first-in-human studies. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 86-87:1-8. [PMID: 32361089 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 ([68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-BP) is a novel bone-seeking PET radiotracer that can be generator-produced. We undertook a Phase 0/I clinical trial to assess its potential for imaging bone metastases in prostate cancer including assessment of radiotracer biodistribution and dosimetry. METHODS Subjects with prostate cancer and known or suspected osseous metastatic disease were enrolled into one of two arms: dosimetry or dynamic. Dosimetry was performed with 6 whole body PET acquisitions and urine collection spanning 3 h; normal organ dosimetry was calculated using OLINDA/EXM. Dynamic imaging included a 60 min acquisition over a site of known or suspected disease followed by two whole body scans. Bootstrapping and subsampling of the acquired list-mode data were conducted to recommend image acquisition parameters for future clinical trials. RESULTS Up to 233 MBq (6.3 mCi) of [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 was injected into 12 enrolled volunteers, 8 in dosimetry and 4 in dynamic cohorts. Radiotracer accumulated in known bone lesions and cleared rapidly from blood and soft tissue. The highest individual organ dose was 0.135 mSv/MBq in the urinary bladder wall. The average effective dose was 0.0173 ± 0.0036 mSv/MBq. An average injected activity of 166.5 MBq (4.5 mCi) resulted in absorbed dose estimates of 22.5 mSv to the urinary bladder wall, 8.2 mSv to the kidneys, and an effective dose of 2.9 mSv. Lesion signal to noise ratios on images generated from subsampled data were significantly higher for injected activities above 74 MBq (2 mCi) and were also significantly higher for imaging at 90 min than at 180 min post-injection. CONCLUSIONS Dosimetry estimates are acceptable and [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 uptake characteristics in patients with confirmed bone metastases support its continued development. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Use of [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 would not require cyclotron infrastructure for manufacturing and distribution, allowing for improved patient access to a promising PET bone imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Doot
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Anthony J Young
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | | | - David Alexoff
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Kyle J Labban
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Hwan Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Zehui Wu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Seok R Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Karl H Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Erin K Schubert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Janet S Reddin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Joel S Karp
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Hank Kung
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Daniel A Pryma
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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26
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Zha Z, Wu Z, Choi SR, Ploessl K, Smith M, Alexoff D, Zhu L, Kung HF. A New [ 68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-Bisphosphonate as a Bone Imaging Agent. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1674-1684. [PMID: 32251600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 68Ga-labeled bisphosphonates to target bone metastasis could be a valuable tool in cancer diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic treatment. A 68Ga labeled ligand, N,N'-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED-CC) containing one bisphosphonate group (HBED-CC-BP, 1) was prepared and evaluated. The new ligand, 1, reacted rapidly to form [68Ga]Ga-1, via complexing with [68Ga]GaCl3 eluted from a commercially available 68Ge/68Ga generator (in a sodium acetate buffer at pH 4, reaching >95% labeling yield at room temperature in 5 min). The resulting [68Ga]Ga-1 showed excellent stability in vitro and in vivo. [68Ga]Ga-1 displayed high binding affinity to hydroxyapatite and good uptake in the tibia and femur bone of normal mice. Biodistribution and MicroPET imaging studies of [68Ga]Ga-1 in normal mice and rats showed excellent bone uptake and retention comparable to that of Na[18F]F. The results suggested that [68Ga]Ga-1 might be suitable as a bone imaging agent in humans and it could be useful as a convenient alternative to the current bone imaging PET agent, Na[18F]F, without the need of a near-by cyclotron. Also, an automated synthesis module was developed to produce clinical doses of [68Ga]Ga-1 in a consistent and reproducible manner. Currently, the investigation new drug application (IND) for [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-BP, [68Ga]Ga-1, has received FDA approval, and it is currently under clinical trial (IND #129870).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zha
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zehui Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Megan Smith
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David Alexoff
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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27
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Khawar A, Eppard E, Roesch F, Ahmadzadehfar H, Kürpig S, Meisenheimer M, Gaertner FC, Essler M, Bundschuh RA. Biodistribution and post-therapy dosimetric analysis of [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA ZOL in patients with osteoblastic metastases: first results. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:102. [PMID: 31781962 PMCID: PMC6882969 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical biodistribution and dosimetric analysis of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAZOL suggest the bisphosphonate zoledronate as a promising new radiopharmaceutical for therapy of bone metastases. We evaluated biodistribution and normal organ absorbed doses resulting from therapeutic doses of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAZOL in patients with metastatic skeletal disease. Method Four patients with metastatic skeletal disease (age range, 64–83 years) secondary to metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma or bronchial carcinoma were treated with a mean dose of 5968 ± 64 MBq (161.3 mCi) of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAZOL. Biodistribution was assessed with serial planar whole body scintigraphy at 20 min and 3, 24, and 167 h post injection (p.i.) and blood samples at 20 min and 3, 8, 24, and 167 h p.i. Percent of injected activity in the blood, kidneys, urinary bladder, skeleton, and whole body was determined. Bone marrow self-dose was determined by an indirect blood-based method. Urinary bladder wall residence time was calculated using Cloutier’s dynamic urinary bladder model with a 4-h voiding interval. OLINDA/EXM version 2.0 (Hermes Medical Solutions, Stockholm, Sweden) software was used to determine residence times in source organs by applying biexponential curve fitting and to calculate organ absorbed dose. Results Qualitative biodistribution analysis revealed early and high uptake of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAZOL in the kidneys with fast clearance showing minimal activity by 24 h p.i. Activity in the skeleton increased gradually over time. Mean residence times were found to be highest in the skeleton followed by the kidneys. Highest mean organ absorbed dose was 3.33 mSv/MBq for osteogenic cells followed by kidneys (0.490 mSv/MBq), red marrow (0.461 mSv/MBq), and urinary bladder wall (0.322 mSv/MBq). The biodistribution and normal organ absorbed doses of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAZOL are consistent with preclinical data. Conclusion [177Lu]Lu-DOTAZOL shows maximum absorbed doses in bone and low kidney doses, making it a promising agent for radionuclide therapy of bone metastasis. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radionuclide therapy with [177Lu]Lu-DOTAZOL in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Khawar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Eppard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kürpig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Florian C Gaertner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Essler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralph A Bundschuh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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28
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Edem PE, Sinnes JP, Pektor S, Bausbacher N, Rossin R, Yazdani A, Miederer M, Kjær A, Valliant JF, Robillard MS, Rösch F, Herth MM. Evaluation of the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction in rats using a scandium-44-labelled tetrazine for pretargeted PET imaging. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:49. [PMID: 31140047 PMCID: PMC6538705 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretargeted imaging allows the use of short-lived radionuclides when imaging the accumulation of slow clearing targeting agents such as antibodies. The biotin-(strept)avidin and the bispecific antibody-hapten interactions have been applied in clinical pretargeting studies; unfortunately, these systems led to immunogenic responses in patients. The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between a radiolabelled tetrazine (Tz) and a trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized targeting vector is a promising alternative for clinical pretargeted imaging due to its fast reaction kinetics. This strategy was first applied in nuclear medicine using an 111In-labelled Tz to image TCO-functionalized antibodies in tumour-bearing mice. Since then, the IEDDA has been used extensively in pretargeted nuclear imaging and radiotherapy; however, these studies have only been performed in mice. Herein, we report the 44Sc labelling of a Tz and evaluate it in pretargeted imaging in Wistar rats. RESULTS 44Sc was obtained from an in house 44Ti/44Sc generator. A 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-functionalized tetrazine was radiolabelled with 44Sc resulting in radiochemical yields of 85-95%, a radiochemical purity > 99% at an apparent molar activity of 1 GBq/mmol. The 44Sc-labelled Tz maintained stability in solution for up to 24 h. A TCO-functionalized bisphosphonate, which accumulates in skeletal tissue, was used as a targeting vector to evaluate the 44Sc-labelled Tz. Biodistribution data of the 44Sc-labelled Tz showed specific uptake (0.9 ± 0.3% ID/g) in the bones (humerus and femur) of rats pre-treated with the TCO-functionalized bisphosphonate. This uptake was not present in rats not receiving pre-treatment (< 0.03% ID/g). CONCLUSIONS We have prepared a 44Sc-labelled Tz and used it in pretargeted PET imaging with rats treated with TCO-functionalized bisphosponates. This allowed for the evaluation of the IEDDA reaction in animals larger than a typical mouse. Non-target accumulation was low, and there was a 30-fold higher bone uptake in the pre-treated rats compared to the non-treated controls. Given its convenient half-life and the ability to perform positron emission tomography with a previously studied DOTA-functionalized Tz, scandium-44 (t1/2 = 3.97 h) proved to be a suitable radioisotope for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Edem
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stefanie Pektor
- University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdolreza Yazdani
- McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matthias Miederer
- University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John F Valliant
- McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Marc S Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Rösch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstraße 21, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Preliminary results of biodistribution and dosimetric analysis of [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA ZOL: a new zoledronate-based bisphosphonate for PET/CT diagnosis of bone diseases. Ann Nucl Med 2019; 33:404-413. [PMID: 30877560 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-019-01348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pre-clinical studies with gallium-68 zoledronate ([68Ga]Ga-DOTAZOL) have proposed it to be a potent bisphosphonate for PET/CT diagnosis of bone diseases and diagnostic counterpart to [177Lu]Lu-DOTAZOL and [225Ac]Ac-DOTAZOL. This study aims to be the first human biodistribution and dosimetric analysis of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAZOL. METHODS Five metastatic skeletal disease patients (mean age: 72 years, M: F; 4:1) were injected with 150-190 MBq (4.05-5.14 mCi) of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAZOL i.v. Biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAZOL was studied with PET/CT initial dynamic imaging for 30 min; list mode over abdomen (reconstructed as six images of 300 s) followed by static (skull to mid-thigh) imaging at 45 min and 2.5 h with Siemens Biograph 2 PET/CT camera. Also, blood samples (8 time points) and urine samples (2 time points) were collected over a period of 2.5 h. Total activity (MBq) in source organs was determined using interview fusion software (MEDISO Medical Imaging Systems, Budapest, Hungary). A blood-based method for bone marrow self-dose determination and a trapezoidal method for urinary bladder contents residence time calculation were used. OLINDA/EXM version 2.0 software (Hermes Medical Solutions, Stockholm, Sweden) was used to generate residence times for source organs, organ absorbed doses and effective doses. RESULTS High uptake in skeleton as target organ, kidneys and urinary bladder as organs of excretion and faint uptake in liver, spleen and salivary glands were seen. Qualitative and quantitative analysis supported fast blood clearance, high bone to soft tissue and lesion to normal bone uptake with [68Ga]Ga-DOTAZOL. Urinary bladder with the highest absorbed dose of 0.368 mSv/MBq presented the critical organ, followed by osteogenic cells, kidneys and red marrow receiving doses of 0.040, 0.031 and 0.027 mSv/MBq, respectively. The mean effective dose was found to be 0.0174 mSv/MBq which results in an effective dose of 2.61 mSv from 150 MBq. CONCLUSIONS Biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAZOL was comparable to [18F]NaF, [99mTc]Tc-MDP and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617. With proper hydration and diuresis to reduce urinary bladder and kidney absorbed doses, it has clear advantages over [18F]NaF owing to its onsite, low-cost production and theranostic potential of personalized dosimetry for treatment with [177Lu]Lu-DOTAZOL and [225Ac]Ac-DOTAZOL.
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Guleria M, Das T, Amirdhanayagam J, Shinto AS, Kamaleshwaran KK, Pandian A, Sarma HD, Dash A. Convenient Formulation of 68Ga-BPAMD Patient Dose Using Lyophilized BPAMD Kit and 68Ga Sourced from Different Commercial Generators for Imaging of Skeletal Metastases. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:67-75. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Guleria
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Tapas Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Ajit S. Shinto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Arun Pandian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, India
| | - Haladhar D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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Farrell KB, Karpeisky A, Thamm DH, Zinnen S. Bisphosphonate conjugation for bone specific drug targeting. Bone Rep 2018; 9:47-60. [PMID: 29992180 PMCID: PMC6037665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones provide essential functions and are sites of unique biochemistry and specialized cells, but can also be sites of disease. The treatment of bone disorders and neoplasia has presented difficulties in the past, and improved delivery of drugs to bone remains an important goal for achieving effective treatments. Drug targeting strategies have improved drug localization to bone by taking advantage of the high mineral concentration unique to the bone hydroxyapatite matrix, as well as tissue-specific cell types. The bisphosphonate molecule class binds specifically to hydroxyapatite and inhibits osteoclast resorption of bone, providing direct treatment for degenerative bone disorders, and as emerging evidence suggests, cancer. These bone-binding molecules also provide the opportunity to deliver other drugs specifically to bone by bisphosphonate conjugation. Bisphosphonate bone-targeted therapies have been successful in treatment of osteoporosis, primary and metastatic neoplasms of the bone, and other bone disorders, as well as refining bone imaging. In this review, we focus upon the use of bisphosphonate conjugates with antineoplastic agents, and overview bisphosphonate based imaging agents, nanoparticles, and other drugs. We also discuss linker design potential and the current state of bisphosphonate conjugate research progress. Ongoing investigations continue to expand the possibilities for bone-targeted therapeutics and for extending their reach into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen B Farrell
- MBC Pharma Inc., 12635 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045-0100, United States of America
| | - Alexander Karpeisky
- MBC Pharma Inc., 12635 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045-0100, United States of America
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, United States of America
| | - Shawn Zinnen
- MBC Pharma Inc., 12635 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045-0100, United States of America
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Progress in Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy. What We Learned about Recoils Release from In Vivo Generators. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030581. [PMID: 29510568 PMCID: PMC6017877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress and developments as well as the most important pitfalls in targeted alpha-particle therapy, covering single alpha-particle emitters as well as in vivo alpha-particle generators. It discusses the production of radionuclides like 211At, 223Ra, 225Ac/213Bi, labelling and delivery employing various targeting vectors (small molecules, chelators for alpha-emitting nuclides and their biomolecular targets as well as nanocarriers), general radiopharmaceutical issues, preclinical studies, and clinical trials including the possibilities of therapy prognosis and follow-up imaging. Special attention is given to the nuclear recoil effect and its impacts on the possible use of alpha emitters for cancer treatment, proper dose estimation, and labelling chemistry. The most recent and important achievements in the development of alpha emitters carrying vectors for preclinical and clinical use are highlighted along with an outlook for future developments.
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Price TW, Greenman J, Stasiuk GJ. Current advances in ligand design for inorganic positron emission tomography tracers 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:15702-15724. [PMID: 26865360 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key part of the development of metal based Positron Emission Tomography probes is the chelation of the radiometal. In this review the recent developments in the chelation of four positron emitting radiometals, 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc, are explored. The factors that effect the chelation of each radio metal and the ideal ligand system will be discussed with regards to high in vivo stability, complexation conditions, conjugation to targeting motifs and complexation kinetics. A series of cyclic, cross-bridged and acyclic ligands will be discussed, such as CP256 which forms stable complexes with 68Ga under mild conditions and PCB-TE2A which has been shown to form a highly stable complex with 64Cu. 89Zr and 44Sc have seen significant development in recent years with a number of chelates being applied to each metal - eight coordinate di-macrocyclic terephthalamide ligands were found to rapidly produce more stable complexes with 89Zr than the widely used DFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Price
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Wu TJ, Chiu HY, Yu J, Cautela MP, Sarmento B, das Neves J, Catala C, Pazos-Perez N, Guerrini L, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Vranješ-Đurić S, Ignjatović NL. Nanotechnologies for early diagnosis, in situ disease monitoring, and prevention. NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN PREVENTIVE AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7156018 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48063-5.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an enabling technology with great potential for applications in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND), an inherently biocompatible and nontoxic nanoparticle, is well suited for such applications. We had developed a prospective isolation method using CD157, CD45, and CD54 to obtain lung stem cells. Labeling of CD45−CD54+CD157+ cells with FNDs did not eliminate their abilities for self-renewal and differentiation. The FND labeling in combination with cell sorting, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and immunostaining identified transplanted stem cells allowed tracking of their engraftment and regenerative capabilities with single-cell resolution. Time-gated fluorescence (TGF) imaging in mouse tissue sections indicated that they reside preferentially at the bronchoalveolar junctions of lungs, especially in naphthalene-injured mice. Our results presented in Subchapter 1.1 demonstrate not only the remarkable homing capacity and regenerative potential of the isolated stem cells, but also the ability of finding rare lung stem cells in vivo using FNDs. The topical use of antiretroviral-based microbicides, namely of a dapivirine ring, has been recently shown to partially prevent transmission of HIV through the vaginal route. Among different formulation approaches, nanotechnology tools and principles have been used for the development of tentative vaginal and rectal microbicide products. Subchapter 1.2 provides an overview of antiretroviral drug nanocarriers as novel microbicide candidates and discusses recent and relevant research on the topic. Furthermore, advances in developing vaginal delivery platforms for the administration of promising antiretroviral drug nanocarriers are reviewed. Although mostly dedicated to the discussion of nanosystems for vaginal use, the development of rectal nanomicrobicides is also addressed. Infectious diseases are currently responsible for over 8 million deaths per year. Efficient treatments require accurate recognition of pathogens at low concentrations, which in the case of blood infection (septicemia) can go as low as 1 mL–1. Detecting and quantifying bacteria at such low concentrations is challenging and typically demands cultures of large samples of blood (∼1 mL) extending over 24–72 h. This delay seriously compromises the health of patients and is largely responsible for the death toll of bacterial infections. Recent advances in nanoscience, spectroscopy, plasmonics, and microfluidics allow for the development of optical devices capable of monitoring minute amounts of analytes in liquid samples. In Subchapter 1.3 we critically discuss these recent developments that will, in the future, enable the multiplex identification and quantification of microorganisms directly on their biological matrix with unprecedented speed, low cost, and sensitivity. Radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) are finding an increasing interest in a broad range of biomedical applications. They may be used to detect and characterize diseases, to deliver relevant therapeutics, and to study the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of nanomaterials. The use of radiotracer techniques in the research of novel NPs offers many advantages, but there are still some limitations. The binding of radionuclides to NPs has to be irreversible to prevent their escape to other tissues or organs. Due to the short half-lives of radionuclides, the manufacturing process is time limited and difficult, and there is also a risk of contamination. Subchapter 1.4 presents the main selection criteria for radionuclides and applicable radiolabeling procedures used for the radiolabeling of various NPs. Also, an overview of different types of NPs that have so far been labeled with radionuclides is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Jung Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan,China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Evaluation of Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp) n as bone imaging agents: D-aspartic acid peptides as carriers to bone. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13971. [PMID: 29070853 PMCID: PMC5656653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
67Ga-DOTA-(L-Asp)11 and 67Ga-DOTA-(L-Asp)14, which have been developed as bone imaging agents, showed a high accumulation in bone and a rapid blood clearance in mice. However, peptides composed of D-amino acids are more stable in vivo than those composed of their L-equivalents. In this study, 67Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp)n (n = 2, 5, 8, 11, or 14) were synthesized using the Fmoc-based solid-phase methodology and evaluated. In hydroxyapatite binding assay, binding of 67Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp)n tended to increase with increasing length of the amino acid chain. 67Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp)11 and 67Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp)14 caused a high accumulation of radioactivity in the bones of the mice. However, the results for 67Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp)n and 67Ga-DOTA-(L-Asp)n were comparable. In urine analyses, the proportion of intact complex after injection of 67Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp)14 was significantly higher than that of 67Ga-DOTA-(L-Asp)14. Although 67Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp)14 was more stable than 67Ga-DOTA-(L-Asp)14, the properties of 67Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp)n and 67Ga-DOTA-(L-Asp)n as bone imaging agents may be comparable.
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Jaswal AP, Meena VK, Prakash S, Pandey A, Singh B, Mishra AK, Hazari PP. [ 68Ga]/[ 188Re] Complexed [CDTMP] Trans-1,2-Cyclohexyldinitrilotetraphosphonic Acid As a Theranostic Agent for Skeletal Metastases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017. [PMID: 28649566 PMCID: PMC5465288 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Metastasis of the osseous tissue is one of the frequent and severe aggravations as a result of several neoplastic conditions, such as metabolic disorders, infections, and cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pertinence of [68Ga]-trans-1,2-cyclohexyldinitrilo tetramethylene phosphonic acid (CDTMP) as a potential bone imaging agent for positron emission tomography (PET) applications as well as to assess [188Re]-CDTMP for bone pain palliation in metastatic skeletal disorders. Methods 68Ga complex of CDTMP was prepared at 80°C at pH 3.5, and 188Re complex of CDTMP was prepared at room temperature. [68Ga]-CDTMP complex was investigated as PET tracer while the therapeutic efficacy was assessed for [188Re]-CDTMP. Labeling efficiency, biodistribution, myelotoxicity, and imaging studies were carried out for the complexes synthesized. Both PET and MicroPET imaging studies were performed for [68Ga]-CDTMP whereas SPECT acquisitions were acquired for [188Re]-CDTMP. Data were analyzed semiquantitatively for all the scintigraphic scans obtained. Results The radiolabeling efficiency was observed to be >70% for [68Ga]-CDTMP. High bone uptake of [68Ga]-CDTMP as compared to contralateral tissue was found in PET imaging in Balb/C mice and New Zealand rabbit; the similar result for bone uptake was correlated in the biodistribution study of the compound in BALB/c mice at different time intervals. Biodistribution experiments carried out in mice showed maximum uptake of 6.12 ± 1.22%ID/g at 45 min postinjection. For [188Re]-CDTMP, total skeletal uptake was 8.12 ± 1.11%ID/g observed at 1 h postinjection from biodistribution data. High renal uptake confirms renal route of excretion. A good hydroxyapatite binding too was seen for both the complexes. No evidence of destruction or adverse functioning of vital organs was observed for the 188Re complex. Conclusion [68Ga]-CDTMP complex can be used as a promising PET bone imaging agent and [188Re]-CDTMP as a surrogate moiety for therapeutic application. Owing to the short half-life of 68Ga (68 min), cyclotron-independent radiopharmacy, fast clearance, and rapid renal excretion as evidenced in preclinical animal models. Very low myelotoxicity and highly selective bone uptake prove the potential of [188Re]-CDTMP for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika P Jaswal
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Virendra K Meena
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Prakash
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Anil K Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Puja P Hazari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Fernandes RS, dos Santos Ferreira D, de Aguiar Ferreira C, Giammarile F, Rubello D, de Barros ALB. Development of imaging probes for bone cancer in animal models. A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1253-1264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Passah A, Tripathi M, Ballal S, Yadav MP, Kumar R, Roesch F, Meckel M, Sarathi Chakraborty P, Bal C. Evaluation of bone-seeking novel radiotracer 68Ga-NO2AP-Bisphosphonate for the detection of skeletal metastases in carcinoma breast. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 44:41-49. [PMID: 27455986 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The successful labelling of bisphosphonates (BP) with 68Ga using macrocyclic chelators such as the based triazacyclononane (NO2AP) is a step forward in the in-house availability of a novel bone-seeking PET radiopharmaceutical with dual advantage of PET/CT imaging and generator production. In this study, we compared the novel generator-based skeletal radiotracer 68Ga-1,4,7-triazacyclonone-1,4-diacetic acid (68Ga-NO2AP-BP) with sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) for the detection of skeletal metastases in breast cancer patients. In addition, dosimetric analysis of 68Ga-NO2AP-BP was performed in a subset of patients. METHODS This was a prospective study of histopathologically proven cases of breast cancer patients who were referred for bone scintigraphy and underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-NaF and 68Ga-NO2AP-BP within a week in random order. The scans of each patient were compared both qualitatively for image quality and quantitatively for number of lesions and SUVmax of lesions. Dosimetric analysis was performed in five patients. Their PET/CT scans were acquired at multiple time points and urine and blood samples were collected. Dosimetric calculations were performed using OLINDA/EXM 1.1 software. Statistical analysis was done using Stata 13 (StataCorp) software package. An agreement analysis regarding number of lesions detected with the two skeletal radiotracers was carried out. RESULTS The image quality of 68Ga-NO2AP-BP PET/CT scans were comparable to that of 18F-NaF. There was no statistically significant difference in the SUVmax of lesions, normal bone and lesion to background ratio between the two skeletal radiotracers. There was good agreement in the number of lesions detected by both skeletal radiotracers. The mean whole body effective dose for 68Ga-NO2AP-BP was 0.00583 mSv/MBq and the effective dose equivalent was 0.0086 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSION The excellent lesion detection agreement between 68Ga-NO2AP-BP and 18F-NaF favours the former as an alternative for skeletal scintigraphy in centres without an on-site cyclotron. The favourable dosimetric results and its potential to be used as a theranostic agent makes it an important generator-based skeletal radiotracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Averilicia Passah
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Madhavi Tripathi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sanjana Ballal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Madhav Prasad Yadav
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Frank Roesch
- Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marian Meckel
- Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Partha Sarathi Chakraborty
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Jadhav S, Käkelä M, Bourgery M, Rimpilä K, Liljenbäck H, Siitonen R, Mäkilä J, Laitala-Leinonen T, Poijärvi-Virta P, Lönnberg H, Roivainen A, Virta P. In Vivo Bone-Targeting of Bis(phosphonate)-Conjugated Double Helical RNA Monitored by Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2588-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Jadhav
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Matthieu Bourgery
- Department
of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kiira Rimpilä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Siitonen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Mäkilä
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Department
of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Harri Lönnberg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Virta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Procházková S, Hraníček J, Kubíček V, Hermann P. Formation kinetics of europium(III) complexes of DOTA and its bis(phosphonate) bearing analogs. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wu Z, Zha Z, Choi SR, Plössl K, Zhu L, Kung HF. New (68)Ga-PhenA bisphosphonates as potential bone imaging agents. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:360-71. [PMID: 27260777 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the bone using [(68)Ga]bisphosphonates may be a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic treatment. We have developed new [(68)Ga]bisphosphonates based on the chelating group, AAZTA (6-[bis(hydroxycarbonyl-methyl)amino]-1,4-bis(hydroxycarbonyl methyl)-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepine). METHOD Phenoxy derivative of AAZTA (2,2'-(6-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-6-((4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy)methyl)-1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)diacetic acid), PhenA, 2, containing a bisphosphonate group (PhenA-BPAMD, 3, and PhenA-HBP, 4) was prepared. Labeling of these chelating agents with (68)Ga was evaluated. RESULTS The ligands reacted rapidly in a sodium acetate buffer with [(68)Ga]GaCl3 eluted from a commercially available (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator (pH4, >95% labeling at room temperature in 5min) to form [(68)Ga]PhenA-BPAMD, 3, and [(68)Ga]PhenA-HBP, 4. The improved labeling condition negates the need for further purification. The (68)Ga bisphosphonate biodistribution and autoradiography of bone sections in normal mice after an iv injection showed excellent bone uptake. CONCLUSION New (68)Ga labeled bisphosphonates may be useful as in vivo bone imaging agents in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Wu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl Plössl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hank F Kung
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Bergmann R, Meckel M, Kubíček V, Pietzsch J, Steinbach J, Hermann P, Rösch F. (177)Lu-labelled macrocyclic bisphosphonates for targeting bone metastasis in cancer treatment. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:5. [PMID: 26780082 PMCID: PMC4715021 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic bone lesion is a common syndrome of many cancer diseases in an advanced state. The major symptom is severe pain, spinal cord compression, and pathological fracture, associated with an obvious morbidity. Common treatments including systemic application of bisphosphonate drugs aim on pain reduction and on improving the quality of life of the patient. Particularly, patients with multiple metastatic lesions benefit from bone-targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Agents utilizing beta-emitting radionuclides in routine clinical praxis are, for example, [89Sr]SrCl2 and [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP. No-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 177Lu is remarkably suitable for an application in this scope. Methods Five 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane N,N′,N′′,N′′-tetra-acetic acid (DOTA)- and DO2A-based bisphosphonates, including monomeric and dimeric structures and one 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetic acid (NO2A) derivative, were synthesized and labelled with n.c.a. 177Lu. Radio-TLC and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were successfully established for determining radiochemical yields and for quality control. Their binding to hydroxyapatite was measured in vitro. Ex vivo biodistribution experiments and dynamic in vivo single photon computed tomography (SPECT)/CT measurements were performed in healthy rats for 5 min and 1 h periods. Data on %ID/g or standard uptake value (SUV) for femur, blood, and soft-tissue organs were analyzed and compared with [177Lu]citrate. Results Radiolabelling yields for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA and [177Lu]Lu-NO2A monomeric bisphosphonate complexes were >98 % within 15 min. The dimeric macrocyclic bisphosphonates showed a decelerated labelling kinetics, reaching a plateau after 30 min of 60 to 90 % radiolabelling yields. All 177Lu-bisphosphonate complexes showed exclusive accumulation in the skeleton. Blood clearance and renal elimination were fast. SUV data (all for 1 h p.i.) in the femur ranged from 3.34 to 5.67. The bone/blood ratios were between 3.6 and 135.6, correspondingly. 177Lu-bisphosphonate dimers showed a slightly higher bone accumulation (SUVfemur = 4.48 ± 0.38 for [177Lu]Lu-DO2A(PBP)2; SUVfemur = 5.41 ± 0.46 for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA(MBP)2) but a slower blood clearance (SUVblood = 1.25 ± 0.09 for [177Lu]Lu-DO2A(PBP)2; SUVblood = 1.43 ± 0.32 for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA(MBP)2). Conclusions Lu-complexes of macrocyclic bisphosphonates might become options for the therapy of skeletal metastases in the near future, since they show high uptake in bone together with a very low soft-tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Bergmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marian Meckel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petr Hermann
- Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Máté G, Šimeček J, Pniok M, Kertész I, Notni J, Wester HJ, Galuska L, Hermann P. The influence of the combination of carboxylate and phosphinate pendant arms in 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-based chelators on their 68Ga labelling properties. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26197305 PMCID: PMC6331800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to compare the coordination properties of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) derivatives bearing varying numbers of phosphinic/carboxylic acid pendant groups towards 68Ga, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-7-acetic-1,4-bis(methylenephosphinic) acid (NOPA) and 1,4,7- triazacyclononane-4,7-diacetic-1-[methylene(2-carboxyethyl)phosphinic] acid (NO2AP) were synthesized using Mannich reactions with trivalent or pentavalent forms of H-phosphinic acids as phosphorus components. Stepwise protonation constants logK1-3 12.06, 3.90 and 1.95, and stability constants with GaIII and CuII, logKGaL 24.01 and logKCuL 16.66, were potentiometrically determined for NOPA. Both ligands were labelled with 68Ga and compared with NOTA (tacn-N,N',N″-triacetic acid) and NOPO, a TRAP-type [tacn-N,N',N″- tris(methylenephosphinic acid)] chelator. At pH 3, NOPO and NOPA showed higher labelling efficiency (binding with lower ligand excess) at both room temperature and 95 °C, compared to NO2AP and NOTA. Labelling efficiency at pH = 0-3 correlated with a number of phosphinic acid pendants: NOPO >> NOPA > NO2AP >> NOTA; however, it was more apparent at 95 °C than at room temperature. By contrast, NOTA was found to be labelled more efficiently at pH > 4 compared to the ligands with phosphinic acids. Overall, replacement of a single phosphinate donor with a carboxylate does not challenge 68Ga labelling of TRAP-type chelators. However, the presence of carboxylates facilitates labelling at neutral or weakly acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Máté
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; E-Mails: (G.M.); (I.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Jakub Šimeček
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (J.N.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Miroslav Pniok
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - István Kertész
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; E-Mails: (G.M.); (I.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Johannes Notni
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (J.N.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (J.N.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - László Galuska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; E-Mails: (G.M.); (I.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-221-951-263; Fax: +420-221-951-253
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Sandhöfer B, Meckel M, Delgado-López JM, Patrício T, Tampieri A, Rösch F, Iafisco M. Synthesis and preliminary in vivo evaluation of well-dispersed biomimetic nanocrystalline apatites labeled with positron emission tomographic imaging agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10623-10633. [PMID: 25915450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, biomimetic synthetic apatite nanoparticles (AP-NPs), having chemical similarity with the mineral phase of bone, have attracted a great interest in nanomedicine as potential drug carriers. To evaluate the therapeutic perspectives of AP-NPs through the mechanisms of action and organs they interact with, the noninvasive monitoring of their in vivo behavior is of paramount importance. To this aim, here the feasibility to radiolabel AP-NPs ("naked" and surface-modified with citrate to reduce their aggregation) with two positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging agents ([(18)F]NaF and (68)Ga-NO2AP(BP)) was investigated. [(18)F]NaF was used for the direct incorporation of the radioisotope into the crystal lattice, while the labeling by surface functionalization was accomplished by using (68)Ga-NO2AP(BP) (a new radio-metal chelating agent). The labeling results with both tracers were fast, straightforward, and reproducible. AP-NPs demonstrated excellent ability to bind relevant quantities of both radiotracers and good in vitro stability in clinically relevant media after the labeling. In vivo PET studies in healthy Wistar rats established that the radiolabeled AP-NPs gave significant PET signals and they were stable over the investigated time (90 min) since any tracer desorption was detected. These preliminary in vivo studies furthermore showed a clear ability of citrated versus naked AP-NPs to accumulate in different organs. Interestingly, contrary to naked AP-NPs, citrated ones, which unveiled higher colloidal stability in aqueous suspensions, were able to escape the first physiological filter, i.e., the lungs, being then accumulated in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen. The results of this work, along with the fact that AP-NPs can be also functionalized with targeting ligands, with therapeutic agents, and also with metals for a combination of different imaging modalities, make AP-NPs very encouraging materials for further investigations as theranostic agents in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Sandhöfer
- †Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marian Meckel
- †Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - José Manuel Delgado-López
- ‡Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), (CSIC-UGR), Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Avenida Las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Tatiana Patrício
- §Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- §Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Frank Rösch
- †Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michele Iafisco
- §Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
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Brasse D, Nonat A. Radiometals: towards a new success story in nuclear imaging? Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4845-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of radiometal isotopes in positron emission tomography: a new success story in nuclear imaging?
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brasse
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67037 Strasbourg
- France
- CNRS
- UMR7178
| | - Aline Nonat
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67087 Strasbourg
- France
- CNRS
- UMR7178
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