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Tyumentseva A, Khilazheva E, Petrova V, Stolyar S. Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on the gene expression profiles of cerebral endotheliocytes and astrocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105829. [PMID: 38615722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are considered as the most biocompatible magnetic materials suitable for biomedical applications. Nevertheless, there are many evidences of their toxicity for living organisms and partially neurotoxicity. The central nervous system is protected from undesirable substances circulating in the bloodstream by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). And even if being small enough, some nanoparticles could be able to penetrate cell membranes in other cells but will often be delayed by the BBB cells. However, the neurotoxicity of iron oxide is described even in the cases when IONPs should not uptake to the nervous system by experimental design. The aim of this study was to investigate what molecular changes in the cells-components of BBB - endotheliocytes and underlying astrocytes - may be caused by IONPs in the blood vessels of the brain. For this, a two-layer in vitro BBB model was created, consisting of rat cerebral endothelial cells and astrocytes. It was revealed that 100 and 200 mg/L of the nanoparticles induce metabolism alteration in the cells under study. Using RNA-sequencing, the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory chemokines encoding genes and changes in the expression of genes associated with detoxification in the endotheliocytes were demonstrated under the influence of 100 mg/L IONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tyumentseva
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok st. 50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
| | - Elena Khilazheva
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 660022, Partizana Zheleznyaka St. 1, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Valeria Petrova
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok st. 50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Sergey Stolyar
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok st. 50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
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2
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Toader AG, Vlasceanu GM, Serafim A, Banciu A, Ionita M. Double-Reinforced Fish Gelatin Composite Scaffolds for Osteochondral Substitutes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1815. [PMID: 36902932 PMCID: PMC10003955 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Genipin crosslinked composite blends of fish gelatin/kappa-carrageenan (fG/κC) with different concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) for osteochondral substitutes were prepared by a simple solution-blending method. The resulting structures were examined by micro-computer tomography, swelling studies, enzymatic degradations, compressions tests, MTT, LDH, and LIVE/DEAD assays. The derived findings revealed that genipin crosslinked fG/κC blends reinforced with GO have a homogenous morphology with ideal pore dimensions of 200-500 µm for bones alternative. GO additivation with a concentration above 1.25% increased the blends' fluid absorption. The full degradation of the blends occurs in 10 days and the gel fraction stability increases with GO concentration. The blend compression modules decrease at first until fG/κC GO3, which has the least elastic behavior, then by raising the GO concentration the blends start to regain elasticity. The MC3T3-E1 cell viability reveals less viable cells with the increase of GO concentration. The LDH together with the LIVE/DEAD assays reports a high concentration of live and healthy cells in all types of composite blends and very few dead cells at the higher GO content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Georgian Toader
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihail Vlasceanu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrada Serafim
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Ionita
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Alves Feitosa K, de Oliveira Correia R, Maragno Fattori AC, Albuquerque YR, Brassolatti P, Flores Luna G, de Almeida Rodolpho JM, T Nogueira C, Cancino Bernardi J, Speglich C, de Freitas Anibal F. Toxicological effects of the mixed iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe 3O 4 NP) on murine fibroblasts LA-9. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:649-670. [PMID: 35469539 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2068711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increase in large-scale production of magnetic nanoparticles (NP) associated with the incomplete comprehensive knowledge regarding the potential risks of their use on environmental and human health makes it necessary to study the biological effects of these particles on organisms at the cellular level. The aim of this study to examine the cellular effects on fibroblast lineage LA-9 after exposure to mixed iron oxide NP (Fe3O4 NP). The following analyses were performed: field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, ultraviolet/visible region spectroscopy (UV/VIS), and attenuated total reactance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analyses for characterization of the NP. The assays included cell viability, morphology, clonogenic potential, oxidative stress as measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, cytokines quantification interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), NP uptake, and cell death. The size of Fe3O4 NP was 26.3 nm when evaluated in water through DLS. Fe3O4 NP did not reduce fibroblast cell viability until the highest concentration tested (250 µg/ml), which showed a decrease in clonogenic potential as well as small morphological changes after exposure for 48 and 72 hr. The NP concentration of 250 µg/ml induced enhanced ROS and NO production after 24 hr treatment. The uptake assay exhibited time-dependent Fe3O4 NP internalization at all concentrations tested with no significant cell death. Hence, exposure of fibroblasts to Fe3O4 NP-induced oxidative stress but not reduced cell viability or death. However, the decrease in the clonogenic potential at the highest concentration demonstrates cytotoxic effects attributed to Fe3O4 NP which occurred on the 7th day after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Alves Feitosa
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Correia
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Maragno Fattori
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Yulli Roxenne Albuquerque
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brassolatti
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Genoveva Flores Luna
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Cancino Bernardi
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Speglich
- Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello Research Center CENPES/Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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da Rosa Salles T, da Silva Bruckamann F, Viana AR, Krause LMF, Mortari SR, Rhoden CRB. Magnetic Nanocrystalline Cellulose: Azithromycin Adsorption and In Vitro Biological Activity Against Melanoma Cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2022; 30:2695-2713. [DOI: 10.1007/s10924-022-02388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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5
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Green synthesis, characterization and applications of iron and zinc nanoparticles by probiotics. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity Evaluation of Magnetite-Functionalized Eugenol. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cassani L, Marcovich NE, Gomez-Zavaglia A. Seaweed bioactive compounds: Promising and safe inputs for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1527-1550. [PMID: 34407716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1965537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Scientific research on developing and characterizing eco-friendly metal nanoparticles (NPs) is an active area experiencing currently a systematic and continuous growth. A variety of physical, chemical and more recently biological methods can be used for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Among them, reports supporting the potential use of algae in the NPs green synthesis, contribute with only a minor proportion, although seaweed was demonstrated to perform as a successful reducing and stabilizing agent. Thus, the first part of the present review depicts the up-to-date information on the use of algae extracts for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, including a deep discussion of the certain advantages as well as some limitations of this synthesis route. In the second part, the available characterization techniques to unravel their inherent properties such as specific size, shape, composition, morphology and dispersibility are comprehensively described, to finally focus on the factors affecting their applications, bioactivity, potential toxic impact on living organisms and incorporation into food matrices or food packaging, as well as future prospects. The present article identifies the key knowledge gap in a systematic way highlighting the critical next steps in the green synthesis of metal NPs mediated by algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cassani
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA, CCT-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos - Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Norma E Marcovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA, CCT-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina.,Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos - Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
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El-Far YM, Khodir AE, Noor AO, Almasri DM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MMH. Selective cytotoxic activity and protective effects of sodium ascorbate against hepatocellular carcinoma through its effect on oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Redox Rep 2021; 25:17-25. [PMID: 32172678 PMCID: PMC7144217 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1739870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by elevated in oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which enhance destructive effects of the tumor. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the protective effects of sodium ascorbate against thioacetamide-induced HCC in rats through studying its effect on the apoptotic pathway in rats. In addition, in vitro activity of sodium ascorbate was investigated on HepG2 and compared with cisplatin. Methods: HCC was experimentally induced by injecting rats with 200 mg/kg thioacetamide intraperitoneally twice weekly for 16 weeks. Part of HCC rats was concomitantly treated with 100 mg/kg sodium ascorbate intraperitoneally during the 16-week period. Hepatic tissues were used for the determination of NFκB, Nrf2, TNF-α, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. Results: Sodium ascorbate significantly attenuated HCC-induced reduction in the expression of NrF2 associated with a reduction in concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. In addition, sodium ascorbate blocked HCC-induced increase in the expression of NFκB and TNF-α. Sodium ascorbate slightly increased the activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in vitro but inhibited their activities in vivo. Conclusion: In spite of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of sodium ascorbate, it produced selective cytotoxic activity via direct activation of the apoptotic pathway in cancer cells without affecting the apoptotic pathway in normal hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Khodir
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Dakhliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmad O Noor
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deina M Almasri
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Bagalagel
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Diri
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam I Kutbi
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Popescu RC, Andronescu E, Vasile BS. Recent Advances in Magnetite Nanoparticle Functionalization for Nanomedicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1791. [PMID: 31888236 PMCID: PMC6956201 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of nanomaterials can enhance and modulate their properties and behaviour, enabling characteristics suitable for medical applications. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are one of the most popular types of nanomaterials used in this field, and many technologies being already translated in clinical practice. This article makes a summary of the surface modification and functionalization approaches presented lately in the scientific literature for improving or modulating magnetite nanoparticles for their applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Cristina Popescu
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Department of Science and Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.P.); (E.A.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Department of Science and Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.P.); (E.A.)
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Department of Science and Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.P.); (E.A.)
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Sánchez-Cabezas S, Montes-Robles R, Gallo J, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R. Combining magnetic hyperthermia and dual T1/T2 MR imaging using highly versatile iron oxide nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3883-3892. [PMID: 30839027 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two of the most important biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). However, the design of MNPs with good heating performance for hyperthermia and dual T1/T2 contrast for MRI remains a considerable challenge. In this work, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) are synthesized through a simple one-step methodology. A post-synthetic purification strategy has been implemented in order to separate discrete nanoparticles from aggregates and unstable nanoparticles, leading to USPIONs that preserve chemical and colloidal stability for extended periods of time. The optimized nanoparticles exhibit high saturation magnetization and show good heating efficiency in magnetic hyperthermia experiments. Remarkably, the evaluation of the USPIONs as MRI contrast agents revealed that the nanoparticles are also able to provide significant dual T1/T2 signal enhancement. These promising results demonstrate that USPIONs are excellent candidates for the development of theranostic nanodevices with potential application in both hyperthermia and dual T1/T2 MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Sánchez-Cabezas
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n., 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Al-Gayyar MMH, Bagalagel A, Noor AO, Almasri DM, Diri R. The therapeutic effects of nicotinamide in hepatocellular carcinoma through blocking IGF-1 and effecting the balance between Nrf2 and PKB. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108653. [PMID: 30784932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin growth factor (IGF) family and their receptors play a great role in tumors' development. In addition, IGF-1 enhances cancer progression through regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune modulation and metastasis. Moreover, nicotinamide is association with protection against cancer. Therefore, we conducted this research to examine the therapeutic effects of nicotinamide against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in vivo and in vitro through affecting IGF-1 and the balance between PKB and Nrf2. HCC was induced in rats by 200 mg/kg, ip thioacetamide. The rat survival, number and size of tumors and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured. The gene and protein levels of IGF-1, Nrf2, PKB and JNK-MAPK were assessed in rat livers. In addition, HepG2 cells, human HCC cell lines, were treated with different concentrations of nicotinamide. We found that nicotinamide enhanced the rats' survival and reduced the number and size of hepatic tumors as well as it reduced serum AFP and HepG2 cells survival. Nicotinamide ameliorated HCC-induced reduction in the expression of Nrf2. Moreover, nicotinamide blocked HCC-induced elevation in IGF-1, PKB and JNK-MAPK. In conclusion, nicotinamide produced cytotoxic effects against HCC both in vivo and in vitro. The cytotoxic activity can be explained by inhibition of HCC-induced increased in the expression of IGF-1 and leads to disturbances in the balance between the cell death signal by PKB and MAPK; and the cell survival signal by Nrf2, directing it towards cell survival signals in normal liver cells providing more protection for body against tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Bagalagel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Noor
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diena M Almasri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Diri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Swidan MM, Khowessah OM, El-Motaleb MA, El-Bary AA, El-Kolaly MT, Sakr TM. Iron oxide nanoparticulate system as a cornerstone in the effective delivery of Tc-99 m radionuclide: a potential molecular imaging probe for tumor diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:49-58. [PMID: 30706223 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of nanoparticles has gained prominence as platforms for developing diagnostic and/or therapeutic radiotracers. This study aims to develop a novel technique for fabricating a tumor diagnostic probe based on iron oxide nanoparticles excluding the utilization of chelating ligands. METHODS Tc-99 m radionuclide was loaded into magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles platform (MIONPs) by sonication. 99mTc-encapsulated MIONPs were fully characterized concerning particles size, charge, radiochemical purity, encapsulation efficiency, in-vitro stability and cytotoxicity. These merits were biologically evaluated in normal and solid tumor bearing mice via different delivery approaches. RESULTS 99mTc-encapsulated MIONPs probe was synthesized with average particle size 24.08 ± 7.9 nm, hydrodynamic size 52 nm, zeta potential -28 mV, radiolabeling yield 96 ± 0.83%, high in-vitro physiological stability, and appropriate cytotoxicity behavior. The in-vivo evaluation in solid tumor bearing mice revealed that the maximum tumor radioactivity accumulation (25.39 ± 0.57, 36.40 ± 0.59 and 72.61 ± 0.82%ID/g) was accomplished at 60, 60 and 30 min p.i. for intravenous, intravenous with physical magnet targeting and intratumoral delivery, respectively. The optimum T/NT ratios of 57.70, 65.00 and 87.48 were demonstrated at 60 min post I.V., I.V. with physical magnet targeting and I.T. delivery, respectively. These chemical and biological characteristics of our prepared nano-probe demonstrate highly advanced merits over the previously reported chelator mediated radiolabeled nano-formulations which reported maximum tumor uptakes in the scope of 3.65 ± 0.19 to 16.21 ± 2.56%ID/g. CONCLUSION Stabilized encapsulation of 99mTc radionuclide into MIONPs elucidates a novel strategy for developing an advanced nano-sized radiopharmaceutical for tumor diagnosis. Graphical abstract 99mTc-encapsulated MIONPs nanosized-radiopharmaceutical as molecular imaging probe for tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Swidan
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, PO13759, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omnya M Khowessah
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, PO11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Motaleb
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, PO13759, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Bary
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, PO11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Kolaly
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, PO13759, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Sakr
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generator Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, PO13759, Cairo, Egypt. .,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern Sciences and Arts University, 6th October City, Egypt.
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13
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Kim M, Shin SW, Lim CW, Kim J, Um SH, Kim D. Polyaspartamide-based graft copolymers encapsulating iron oxide nanoparticles for imaging and fluorescence labelling of immune cells. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:305-312. [PMID: 27999834 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were encapsulated with polyaspartamide-based graft copolymers to bind and track the immune cells as imaging probes. Mono-disperse iron oxide NPs with a mean diameter of 10.7 nm were synthesized by the thermal decomposition method, and their shape and distribution were measured by electrophoretic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. To enhance their biocompatibility, interfacial and hydrodynamic stability, and fluorescence detection, biodegradable polysuccinimide (PSI) grafted with several functional groups of octadecylamine (C18), ethanolamine (EA), ethylenediamine (EDA), 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane carboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (SMCC), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was coated on the iron oxide NPs. The structure of the C18/EA/SMCC/FITC-g-PSI copolymer was confirmed using 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, and its cell binding ability was investigated by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The synthesized C18/EA/SMCC/FITC-g-PSI copolymer showed an excellent binding affinity to CD4+ T cells, and was highly biocompatible as the cell viability at the highest polymer concentration of 0.4 mg mL-1 was greater than 85 and 75% after 24 and 48 h, respectively, from MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Won Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol Won Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soong Ho Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dukjoon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Parhiz H, Khoshnejad M, Myerson JW, Hood E, Patel PN, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Unintended effects of drug carriers: Big issues of small particles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 130:90-112. [PMID: 30149885 PMCID: PMC6588191 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Humoral and cellular host defense mechanisms including diverse phagocytes, leukocytes, and immune cells have evolved over millions of years to protect the body from microbes and other external and internal threats. These policing forces recognize engineered sub-micron drug delivery systems (DDS) as such a threat, and react accordingly. This leads to impediment of the therapeutic action, extensively studied and discussed in the literature. Here, we focus on side effects of DDS interactions with host defenses. We argue that for nanomedicine to reach its clinical potential, the field must redouble its efforts in understanding the interaction between drug delivery systems and the host defenses, so that we can engineer safer interventions with the greatest potential for clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hood
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priyal N Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine (CT3N), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Cytotoxic and partial hepatoprotective activity of sodium ascorbate against hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibition of sulfatase-2 in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:362-372. [PMID: 29669302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by elevation in the activity of sulfatase-2, an extracellular enzyme that catalyzes removal of 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfate. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the strong water-soluble antioxidant, sodium ascorbate, against HCC both in vivo and in vitro. Sodium ascorbate enhanced animal survival in vivo and reduced HepG2 cells survival. The protein levels of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), insulin like growth factor (IGF)-2, sulfatase-2 and glypican-3 were assessed. Inflammation was evaluated by measuring the gene and protein expression of NFκB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10. We found that sodium ascorbate blocked HCC-induced activation of sulfatase-2 leading to restoration of HSPGs receptors associated with reduction in IGF-2 and glypican-3. Sodium ascorbate exerts anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the expression of NFκB, CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 associated with enhanced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10. In conclusion, cytotoxic effects of sodium ascorbate against HCC can be partially explained by inhibition of sulfatase-2, restoration of HSPGs receptors and deactivation of the inflammatory pathway.
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16
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Hachani R, Birchall MA, Lowdell MW, Kasparis G, Tung LD, Manshian BB, Soenen SJ, Gsell W, Himmelreich U, Gharagouzloo CA, Sridhar S, Thanh NTK. Assessing cell-nanoparticle interactions by high content imaging of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles as potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7850. [PMID: 28798327 PMCID: PMC5552868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell tracking in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine is an urgent need, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) could be used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allows visualization of the implanted cells ensuring they reach the desired sites in vivo. Herein, we report the study of the interaction of 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA) functionalized IONPs that have desirable properties for T2 - weighted MRI, with bone marrow-derived primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Using the multiparametric high-content imaging method, we evaluate cell viability, formation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial health, as well as cell morphology and determine that the hMSCs are minimally affected after labelling with IONPs. Their cellular uptake is visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Prussian Blue staining, and quantified using an iron specific colourimetric method. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that these IONPs are biocompatible and can produce significant contrast enhancement in T2-weighted MRI. Iron oxide nanoparticles are detected in vivo as hypointense regions in the liver up to two weeks post injection using 9.4 T MRI. These DHCA functionalized IONPs are promising contrast agents for stem cell tracking by T2-weighted MRI as they are biocompatible and show no evidence of cytotoxic effects on hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Hachani
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Martin A Birchall
- University College London Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Georgios Kasparis
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Le D Tung
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Bella B Manshian
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- MoSAIC/Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Codi A Gharagouzloo
- Gordon Centre for Medical Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Centre, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Centre, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nguyen T K Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare and Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratory, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK.
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17
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Bonvin D, Hofmann H, Mionić Ebersold M. Assessment of nanoparticles’ safety: corrected absorbance-based toxicity test. Analyst 2017; 142:2338-2342. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A method to correct absorbance-based toxicity tests of nanoparticles by removing the absorbance contribution of nanoparticles to that test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bonvin
- Powder Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Materials
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Powder Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Materials
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Marijana Mionić Ebersold
- Powder Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Materials
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
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18
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Lee J, Kim KS, Na K. Caffeic acid-coated multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for the treatment and bimodal imaging of tumours. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:210-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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19
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Wang XY, Mertz D, Blanco-Andujar C, Bora A, Ménard M, Meyer F, Giraudeau C, Bégin-Colin S. Optimizing the silanization of thermally-decomposed iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient aqueous phase transfer and MRI applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18360c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile silanization method allows to efficiently stabilise in aqueous solution iron oxide NPs synthesized by thermal decomposition for MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Wang
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- Université de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504 CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Damien Mertz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- Université de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504 CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Cristina Blanco-Andujar
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- Université de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504 CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Anindita Bora
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- Université de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504 CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Mathilde Ménard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- Université de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504 CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Florent Meyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- UMR 1121 FMTS
- 67085 Strasbourg
- France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | | | - Sylvie Bégin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- Université de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504 CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
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20
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Arami H, Khandhar A, Liggitt D, Krishnan KM. In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8576-607. [PMID: 26390044 PMCID: PMC4648695 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively used during the last two decades, either as effective bio-imaging contrast agents or as carriers of biomolecules such as drugs, nucleic acids and peptides for controlled delivery to specific organs and tissues. Most of these novel applications require elaborate tuning of the physiochemical and surface properties of the IONPs. As new IONPs designs are envisioned, synergistic consideration of the body's innate biological barriers against the administered nanoparticles and the short and long-term side effects of the IONPs become even more essential. There are several important criteria (e.g. size and size-distribution, charge, coating molecules, and plasma protein adsorption) that can be effectively tuned to control the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the IONPs. This paper reviews these crucial parameters, in light of biological barriers in the body, and the latest IONPs design strategies used to overcome them. A careful review of the long-term biodistribution and side effects of the IONPs in relation to nanoparticle design is also given. While the discussions presented in this review are specific to IONPs, some of the information can be readily applied to other nanoparticle systems, such as gold, silver, silica, calcium phosphates and various polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Arami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Amit Khandhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Kannan M. Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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21
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Lyer S, Tietze R, Unterweger H, Zaloga J, Singh R, Matuszak J, Poettler M, Friedrich RP, Duerr S, Cicha I, Janko C, Alexiou C. Nanomedical innovation: the SEON-concept for an improved cancer therapy with magnetic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3287-304. [PMID: 26472623 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine offers tremendous opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic tools. During the last decades, extensive knowledge was gained about stabilizing and the coating of nanoparticles, their functionalization for drug binding and drug release and possible strategies for therapies and diagnostics of different diseases. Most recently, more and more emphasis has been placed on nanotoxicology and nanosafety aspects. The section of experimental oncology and nanomedicine developed a concept for translating this knowledge into clinical application of magnetic drug targeting for the treatment of cancer and other diseases using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. This approach includes reproducible synthesis, detailed characterization, nanotoxicological testing, evaluation in ex vivo models, preclinical animal studies and production of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles according to good manufacturing practice regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Zaloga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raminder Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Matuszak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Poettler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Duerr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Phoniatrics & Pediatric Audiology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Bohlenplatz 21, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iwona Cicha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Patil US, Adireddy S, Jaiswal A, Mandava S, Lee BR, Chrisey DB. In Vitro/In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation and Quantification of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24417-50. [PMID: 26501258 PMCID: PMC4632758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in academic and commercial settings have alarmed the scientific community about the safety and assessment of toxicity profiles of IONPs. The great amount of diversity found in the cytotoxic measurements of IONPs points toward the necessity of careful characterization and quantification of IONPs. The present document discusses the major developments related to in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of IONPs and its relationship with the physicochemical parameters of IONPs. Major discussion is included on the current spectrophotometric and imaging based techniques used for quantifying, and studying the clearance and biodistribution of IONPs. Several invasive and non-invasive quantification techniques along with the pitfalls are discussed in detail. Finally, critical guidelines are provided to optimize the design of IONPs to minimize the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujwal S Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Shiva Adireddy
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 5050 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Ashvin Jaiswal
- Department of Immunology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Sree Mandava
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane avenue, SL-42, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane avenue, SL-42, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Douglas B Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 5050 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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23
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Popescu T, Lupu AR, Raditoiu V, Purcar V, Teodorescu VS. On the photocatalytic reduction of MTT tetrazolium salt on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles: Formazan production kinetics and mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 457:108-20. [PMID: 26164242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide] cell cytotoxicity indicator is photocatalytically reduced on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles in phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) environment. We hypothesize that specific phosphate adsorption may be used to modulate the efficiency of the TiO2-MTT reaction through colloidal and semiconductor-liquid interface processes. EXPERIMENTS The TiO2-MTT reaction kinetics was studied in PBS, with respect to photocatalyst and MTT concentrations and irradiation wavelength. The effects of PBS and electron scavengers (Fe(3+) ions) on reaction efficiency and the role of colloidal surface charge in the photocatalytic process were investigated. The structural and spectroscopic characteristics of relevant TiO2-formazan systems were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and IR-spectroscopy. FINDINGS The reaction was pseudo-first order with respect to photocatalyst and showed a negative and fractional partial order with respect to MTT. Formazan production rates were directly proportional to radiation wavelength and TiO2 concentration and inversely proportional to the MTT initial concentration. The addition of Fe(3+) ions, as well as the absence of PBS, induced strong reaction inhibition. Reaction efficiency and catalyst Zeta potential were enhanced by Na2HPO4 (PBS component) and showed a maximum around the phosphate concentration 0.005 M. Structural/spectroscopic characterization confirmed the formation of amorphous MTT-formazan on the surface of TiO2 and the TiO2-phosphate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traian Popescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Andreea R Lupu
- Cantacuzino National Institute for Research and Development in Microbiology and Immunology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Raditoiu
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Violeta Purcar
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) present in the environment and in consumer products can cause immunotoxic effects. The immune system is very complex, and in vivo studies are the gold standard for evaluation. Due to the increased amount of NPs that are being developed, cellular screening assays to decrease the amount of NPs that have to be tested in vivo are highly needed. Effects on the unspecific immune system, such as effects on phagocytes, might be suitable for screening for immunotoxicity because these cells mediate unspecific and specific immune responses. They are present at epithelial barriers, in the blood, and in almost all organs. This review summarizes the effects of carbon, metal, and metal oxide NPs used in consumer and medical applications (gold, silver, titanium dioxide, silica dioxide, zinc oxide, and carbon nanotubes) and polystyrene NPs on the immune system. Effects in animal exposures through different routes are compared to the effects on isolated phagocytes. In addition, general problems in the testing of NPs, such as unknown exposure doses, as well as interference with assays are mentioned. NPs appear to induce a specific immunotoxic pattern consisting of the induction of inflammation in normal animals and aggravation of pathologies in disease models. The evaluation of particle action on several phagocyte functions in vitro may provide an indication on the potency of the particles to induce immunotoxicity in vivo. In combination with information on realistic exposure levels, in vitro studies on phagocytes may provide useful information on the health risks of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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25
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Rajabi S, Ramazani A, Hamidi M, Naji T. Artemia salina as a model organism in toxicity assessment of nanoparticles. Daru 2015; 23:20. [PMID: 25888940 PMCID: PMC4344789 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of expanding presence of nanomaterials, there has been an increase in the exposure of humans to nanoparticles that is why nanotoxicology studies are important. A number of studies on the effects of nanomatrials in in vitro and in vivo systems have been published. Currently cytotoxicity of different nanoparticles is assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on different cell lines to determine cell viability, a tedious and expensive method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Artemia salina test in comparison with the MTT assay in the assessment of cytotoxicity of nanostructures because the former method is more rapid and convenient and less expensive. METHODS At the first stage, toxicity of different nanoparticles with different concentrations (1.56-400 μg/mL) was measured by means of the brine shrimp lethality test. At the second stage, the effect of nanoparticles on the viability of the L929 cell line was assessed using the MTT assay. Experiments were conducted with each concentration in triplicate. RESULTS The results obtained from both tests (A. salina test and MTT assay) did not have statistically significant differences (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the A. salina test may expedite toxicity experiments and decrease costs, and therefore, may be considered an alternative to the in vitro cell culture assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Rajabi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Departments, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Cell and Molecular Biology Departments, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Biotechnology Departments, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Naji
- Cell and Molecular Biology Departments, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Parmar H, Smolkova IS, Kazantseva NE, Babayan V, Smolka P, Moučka R, Vilcakova J, Saha P. Size Dependent Heating Efficiency of Iron Oxide Single Domain Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Celia C, Locatelli M, Cilurzo F, Cosco D, Gentile E, Scalise D, Carafa M, Ventura CA, Fleury M, Tisserand C, Barbacane RC, Fresta M, Di Marzio L, Paolino D. Long Term Stability Evaluation of Prostacyclin Released from Biomedical Device through Turbiscan Lab Expert. Med Chem 2014; 11:391-9. [PMID: 25381994 PMCID: PMC4475780 DOI: 10.2174/1573406410666141110153502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic guidelines indicate prostacyclin as the first line of treatment in inflammation and vascular diseases. Prostacyclins prevent formation of the platelet plug involved in primary hemostasis by inhibiting platelet activation and, combined with thromboxane, are effective vasodilators in vascular damage. Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Document on Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease II guidelines indicates prostacyclins; in particular, Iloprost, as the first therapeutic option for treating peripheral arterial disease. However, therapeutic efficacy of Iloprost has witnessed several drawbacks that have occurred in patients receiving repeated weekly administration of the drug by intravenous infusions. Adverse reactions arose under perfusion with Iloprost for 6 h and patient compliance was drastically decreased. Biomedical devices could provide a suitable alternative to overcome these drawbacks. In particular, elastomeric pumps, filled with Iloprost isotonic solution, could slowly release the drug, thus decreasing its side effects, representing a valid alternative to hospitalization of patients affected by peripheral arterial disease. However, the home therapy treatment of patients requires long-term stability of Iloprost in solution-loaded elastomeric pumps. The aim of this work was to investigate the long-term stability of Iloprost isotonic solution in biomedical devices using Turbiscan technology. Turbiscan Lab Expert (L'Union, France) predicts the long-term stability of suspensions, emulsions and colloidal formulations by measuring backscattering and transmission of particulates dispersed in solution. The formulations were evaluated by measuring the variation of physical-chemical properties of colloids and suspensions as a function of backscattering and transmission modifications. In addition, the release profile of Iloprost isotonic solution from the biomedical device was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Darweish MM, Abbas A, Ebrahim MA, Al-Gayyar MMH. Chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects of Epigallocatechin-gallate against hepatocellular carcinoma: role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1032-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) claims a plethora of health benefits including protection against neoplastic diseases. Meanwhile, heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have defensive role against tumour cell invasion. Therefore, the chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects of EGCG were studied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo and in vitro and compared with strong water soluble antioxidant, sodium ascorbate.
Methods
HCC was induced in SD rats by thioacetamide (200 mg/Kg). Some rats were treated with EGCG (20 mg/Kg) or sodium ascorbate (100 mg/Kg). Liver impairment was assessed by measuring serum α-fetoprotein and investigating liver sections stained with H/E. Hepatic HSPGs, syndecan-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured by ELISA. Gene expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 was measured. Cell death was assessed by caspase-3 activity. In addition, all markers were measured in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2).
Key findings
EGCG increased the animal survival and decreased both α-fetoprotein and HepG2 viability. In addition, EGCG ameliorated fibrosis and massive hepatic tissue breakdown. EGCG restored HSPGs and reduced expression of MMP-9, syndecan-1 and FGF-2 in-vivo and in-vitro. Sodium ascorbate showed significantly lower results than EGCG.
Conclusions
Besides antioxidant activity, other mechanisms are involved in the chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects of EGCG including restoration of HSPGs receptors and inhibition of vascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Darweish
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abbas
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
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Arami H, Ferguson RM, Khandhar AP, Krishnan KM. Size-dependent ferrohydrodynamic relaxometry of magnetic particle imaging tracers in different environments. Med Phys 2014; 40:071904. [PMID: 23822441 DOI: 10.1118/1.4810962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a recently developed imaging technique that seeks to provide ultrahigh resolution and tracer sensitivity with positive contrast directly originated from superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). MPI signals can be generated from a combination of Néel relaxation, Brownian rotational diffusion, and hysteretic reversal mechanisms of NPs in response to applied magnetic fields. When specific targeting of organs, such as carcinoma and endothelial cardiovascular cells, is needed, different behavior may be expected in immobilized NPs, due to complete or partial elimination of the Brownian motion. Here, the authors present an experimental investigation of the MPI spatial resolution and signal intensities as a function of a wide range of median core sizes of NPs under four representative conditions, including after immobilization in a tissue equivalent medium. METHODS Monodisperse hydrophobic NPs with median core diameters (d0) ranging from 7 to 22 nm were synthesized in organic media and subsequently dispersed in aqueous solution after a facile surface modification. Morphology, median size, size distribution, and magnetic properties of the NPs were investigated. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic NPs with various core sizes were immobilized in trioctyl phosphine oxide and agarose gel, respectively. Their size-dependent performance as MPI tracers for system matrix and x-space image reconstruction was evaluated using magnetic particle spectrometry (MPS) and compared with the free rotating counterparts. RESULTS Immobilized NPs with core diameters smaller than ≈ 20 nm have similar spatial resolution, but lower signal intensities when compared with their free rotating counterparts. Compared to their performance in solution, spatial resolution was improved, but signal intensity was lower, when larger NPs with core size of 22 nm were immobilized in agarose. Same trends were observed in signal intensities, when considering either system matrix or x-space approaches. The harmonic and dm/dH signal intensities changed linearly and the spatial resolution did not change with decreasing NP concentration up to 15 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the MPI signal is very sensitive to both NP size and environment. The authors' calculations show that Brownian rotational diffusion is slower than the field switching cycle and, therefore, it has minimal influence on MPS signals. dm/dH analyses show that Néel relaxation is the dominant mechanism determining MPI response in smaller NPs (d0 < ≈ 20 nm). Larger NPs show hysteretic reversal when the applied field amplitude is large enough to overcome the coercivity. Linear variation of the MPS signal intensity with iron concentration but with uniform spatial resolution enables quantitative imaging for a range of applications, from high-concentration bolus chase imaging to low-concentration molecular imaging (while the authors' instrument is noise-limited to ≈ millimolar iron concentrations, nanomolar sensitivity is expected for MPI, theoretically). These results pave the way for future application of the authors' synthesized tracers for immobilized or in vivo targeted MPI of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Arami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, P.O. Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
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Gao Y, Longenbach T, Vitol EA, Orynbayeva Z, Friedman G, Gogotsi Y. One-dimensional nanoprobes for single-cell studies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:153-68. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to variation of individual cells within a population, single-cell studies are of great interest to researchers. Recent developments in nanofabrication technology have made this area increasingly attractive as one-dimensional (1D) nanoscale probes can be manufactured with increasing accuracy. Here, we provide an overview and description of the major designs that have been reported to date. For more details of what applications could be realized and how, based on the probe shapes and designs, we summarize the most recently reported performances of 1D single-cell probes with their advantages and limitations. Minimally invasive probes are required for long-term experiments on single cells. Carbon nanotubes with their unique properties and structure are excellent candidates for multitask robotic intracellular probes. Carbon nanotube-tipped cellular endoscopes are less invasive compared with pipettes or cantilever tips. Advances in nanofabrication techniques have made it possible to produce more consistent nanoscale cellular probes that can capture a variety of information from optical, electrical and chemical signals. In addition, these tools can transfer tiny amounts of fluids and molecular materials in a highly localized fashion for the purpose of analyzing or stimulating a variety of responses at the level of individual cells and even cellular organelles. We conclude with a critical analysis of the current state of the field as well as the major obstacles for further probe development of minimally invasive probes and their widespread use in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Travis Longenbach
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elina A Vitol
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- AJ Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gary Friedman
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
- AJ Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Vasi AM, Popa MI, Tanase EC, Butnaru M, Verestiuc L. Poly(acrylic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles designed for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:676-86. [PMID: 24357331 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), four-arm, amine-terminated particles with nanometer size and spherical shape were obtained by the polymers cross-linking, via activation with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, in a w/o emulsion. The morphology and surface charge of the final particles are strongly dependent on the molar ratio of PAA-PEG and the PAA concentration. The physicochemical characteristics correlated with the drug-loading capacity, in vitro and ex vivo release kinetics of pilocarpine hydrochloride and biocompatibility results indicate that these nanoparticles exhibit the prerequisite behavior for use as carriers of ophthalmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Vasi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, Iasi, 700050, Romania
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Suitability of cell-based label-free detection for cytotoxicity screening of carbon nanotubes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:564804. [PMID: 24377092 PMCID: PMC3860081 DOI: 10.1155/2013/564804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity testing of nanoparticles (NPs) by conventional screening assays is often complicated by interference. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly difficult to assess. To test the suitability of cell-based label-free techniques for this application, a panel of CNTs with different diameters and surface functionalizations was assessed by impedance-based technique (xCELLigence RTCA) and automated microscopy (Cell-IQ) compared to formazan bioreduction (MTS assay). For validation of the label-free systems different concentrations of ethanol and of amine (AMI) polystyrene NPs were used. CNTs were evaluated in various cell lines, but only endothelial EAhy926 cells and L929 and V79 fibroblasts could be evaluated in all systems. Polystyrene particles obtained similar results in all assays. All systems identified thin (<8 nm) CNTs as more cytotoxic than thick (>20 nm) CNTs, but detection by xCELLigence system was less sensitive to CNT-induced cytotoxicity. Despite advantages, such as continuous monitoring and more detailed analysis of cytotoxic effects, label-free techniques cannot be generally recommended for cytotoxicity screening of NPs.
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Saraswathy A, Nazeer SS, Nimi N, Arumugam S, Shenoy SJ, Jayasree RS. Synthesis and characterization of dextran stabilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo MR imaging of liver fibrosis. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 101:760-8. [PMID: 24299836 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of medical imaging has recently seen rapid advances in the development of novel agents for enhancing image contrast. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a variety of surface properties have been tried as effective contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, but with major side effects. In this study, the surface chemistry of SPIONs of size 12 nm was modified with high molecular weight dextran to yield particles of size 50 nm, without compromising the magnetic properties. A systematic characterization of the material for its size, coating efficiency, magnetic properties and biocompatibility has been carried out. The magnetic relaxivity as evaluated on a 1.5 T clinical magnet showed r2/r1 ratio of 56.28 which is higher than that reported for any other dextran stabilized ironoxide nanoparticles. Liver uptake and magnetic resonance imaging potential of dextran stabilized SPIONs (D-SPIONs) has been evaluated on liver fibrosis induced animal model, which is further supported by histopathology results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariya Saraswathy
- Biophotonics and Imaging Lab, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, India
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Mustafa T, Zhang Y, Watanabe F, Karmakar A, Asar MP, Little R, Hudson MK, Xu Y, Biris AS. Iron oxide nanoparticle-based radio-frequency thermotherapy for human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:870-880. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60015g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Khandhar AP, Ferguson RM, Simon JA, Krishnan KM. Tailored magnetic nanoparticles for optimizing magnetic fluid hyperthermia. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:728-37. [PMID: 22213652 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH) is a promising approach towards adjuvant cancer therapy that is based on the localized heating of tumors using the relaxation losses of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in alternating magnetic fields (AMF). In this study, we demonstrate optimization of MFH by tailoring MNP size to an applied AMF frequency. Unlike conventional aqueous synthesis routes, we use organic synthesis routes that offer precise control over MNP size (diameter ∼10 to 25 nm), size distribution, and phase purity. Furthermore, the particles are successfully transferred to the aqueous phase using a biocompatible amphiphilic polymer, and demonstrate long-term shelf life. A rigorous characterization protocol ensures that the water-stable MNPs meet all the critical requirements: (1) uniform shape and monodispersity, (2) phase purity, (3) stable magnetic properties approaching that of the bulk, (4) colloidal stability, (5) substantial shelf life, and (6) pose no significant in vitro toxicity. Using a dedicated hyperthermia system, we then identified that 16 nm monodisperse MNPs (σ-0.175) respond optimally to our chosen AMF conditions (f = 373 kHz, H₀ = 14 kA/m); however, with a broader size distribution (σ-0.284) the Specific Loss Power (SLP) decreases by 30%. Finally, we show that these tailored MNPs demonstrate maximum hyperthermia efficiency by reducing viability of Jurkat cells in vitro, suggesting our optimization translates truthfully to cell populations. In summary, we present a way to intrinsically optimize MFH by tailoring the MNPs to any applied AMF, a required precursor to optimize dose and time of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit P Khandhar
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Materials Science and Engineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Fröhlich E, Meindl C, Roblegg E, Griesbacher A, Pieber TR. Cytotoxity of nanoparticles is influenced by size, proliferation and embryonic origin of the cells used for testing. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:424-39. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.586478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ferguson RM, Minard KR, Khandhar AP, Krishnan KM. Optimizing magnetite nanoparticles for mass sensitivity in magnetic particle imaging. Med Phys 2011; 38:1619-26. [PMID: 21520874 PMCID: PMC3064684 DOI: 10.1118/1.3554646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic particle imaging (MPI), using magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) as tracer material, shows great promise as a platform for fast tomographic imaging. To date, the magnetic properties of MNPs used in imaging have not been optimized. As nanoparticle magnetism shows strong size dependence, the authors explore how varying MNP size impacts imaging performance in order to determine optimal MNP characteristics for MPI at any driving field frequency f0. METHODS Monodisperse MNPs of varying size were synthesized and their magnetic properties characterized. Their MPI response was measured experimentally using a custom-built MPI transceiver designed to detect the third harmonic of MNP magnetization. The driving field amplitude H0 = 6 mT micro0(-1) and frequency f0 = 250 kHz were chosen to be suitable for imaging small animals. Experimental results were interpreted using a model of dynamic MNP magnetization that is based on the Langevin theory of superparamagnetism and accounts for sample size distribution and size-dependent magnetic relaxation. RESULTS The experimental results show a clear variation in the MPI signal intensity as a function of MNP diameter that is in agreement with simulated results. A maximum in the plot of MPI signal vs MNP size indicates there is a particular size that is optimal for the chosen f0. CONCLUSIONS The authors observed that MNPs 15 nm in diameter generate maximum signal amplitude in MPI experiments at 250 kHz. The authors expect the physical basis for this result, the change in magnetic relaxation with MNP size, will impact MPI under other experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matthew Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
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Krishnan KM. Biomedical Nanomagnetics: A Spin Through Possibilities in Imaging, Diagnostics, and Therapy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 2010; 46:2523-2558. [PMID: 20930943 PMCID: PMC2949969 DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2010.2046907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical nanomagnetics is a multidisciplinary area of research in science, engineering and medicine with broad applications in imaging, diagnostics and therapy. Recent developments offer exciting possibilities in personalized medicine provided a truly integrated approach, combining chemistry, materials science, physics, engineering, biology and medicine, is implemented. Emphasizing this perspective, here we address important issues for the rapid development of the field, i.e., magnetic behavior at the nanoscale with emphasis on the relaxation dynamics, synthesis and surface functionalization of nanoparticles and core-shell structures, biocompatibility and toxicity studies, biological constraints and opportunities, and in vivo and in vitro applications. Specifically, we discuss targeted drug delivery and triggered release, novel contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, cancer therapy using magnetic fluid hyperthermia, in vitro diagnostics and the emerging magnetic particle imaging technique, that is quantitative and sensitive enough to compete with established imaging methods. In addition, the physics of self-assembly, which is fundamental to both biology and the future development of nanoscience, is illustrated with magnetic nanoparticles. It is shown that various competing energies associated with self-assembly converge on the nanometer length scale and different assemblies can be tailored by varying particle size and size distribution. Throughout this paper, while we discuss our recent research in the broad context of the multidisciplinary literature, we hope to bridge the gap between related work in physics/chemistry/engineering and biology/medicine and, at the same time, present the essential concepts in the individual disciplines. This approach is essential as biomedical nanomagnetics moves into the next phase of innovative translational research with emphasis on development of quantitative in vivo imaging, targeted and triggered drug release, and image guided therapy including validation of delivery and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan M Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120 USA
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