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Colbert CM, Ming Z, Pogosyan A, Finn JP, Nguyen KL. Comparison of Three Ultrasmall, Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for MRI at 3.0 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1819-1829. [PMID: 36250695 PMCID: PMC10106532 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ultrasmall, superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle ferumoxytol has unique applications in cardiac, vascular, and body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its long intravascular half-life and suitability as a blood pool agent. However, limited availability and high cost have hindered its clinical adoption. A new ferumoxytol generic, and the emergence of MoldayION as an alternative USPIO, represent opportunities to expand the use of USPIO-enhanced MRI techniques. PURPOSE To compare in vitro and in vivo MRI relaxometry and enhancement of Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL Ten healthy swine and six swine with artificially induced coronary narrowing underwent cardiac MRI. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T; T1-weighted (4D-MUSIC, 3D-VIBE, 2D-MOLLI) and T2-weighted (2D-HASTE) sequences pre- and post-contrast. ASSESSMENT We compared the MRI relaxometry of Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION using saline, plasma, and whole blood MRI phantoms with contrast concentrations from 0.26 mM to 2.10 mM. In-vivo contrast effects on T1- and T2-weighted sequences and fractional intravascular contrast distribution volume in myocardium, liver, and spleen were evaluated. STATISTICAL TESTS Analysis of variance and covariance were used for group comparisons. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The r1 relaxivities for Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION in saline (22 °C) were 7.11 ± 0.13 mM-1 s-1 , 8.30 ± 0.29 mM-1 s-1 , 8.62 ± 0.16 mM-1 s-1 , and the r2 relaxivities were 111.74 ± 3.76 mM-1 s-1 , 105.07 ± 2.20 mM-1 s-1 , and 109.68 ± 2.56 mM-1 s-1 , respectively. The relationship between contrast concentration and longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rate was highly linear in saline and plasma. The three agents produced similar in vivo contrast effects on T1 and T2 relaxation time-weighted sequences. DATA CONCLUSION Relative to clinically approved ferumoxytol formulations, MoldayION demonstrates minor differences in in vitro relaxometry and comparable in vivo MRI characteristics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Colbert
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Zhengyang Ming
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Arutyun Pogosyan
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - J. Paul Finn
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
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Shalaby N, Kelly JJ, Sehl OC, Gevaert JJ, Fox MS, Qi Q, Foster PJ, Thiessen JD, Hicks JW, Scholl TJ, Ronald JA. Complementary early-phase magnetic particle imaging and late-phase positron emission tomography reporter imaging of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3408-3418. [PMID: 36722918 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have demonstrated significant potential in clinical applications for many debilitating diseases. The ability to non-invasively and dynamically track the location and viability of stem cells post administration could provide important information on individual patient response and/or side effects. Multi-modal cell tracking provides complementary information that can offset the limitations of a single imaging modality to yield a more comprehensive picture of cell fate. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were engineered to express human sodium iodide symporter (NIS), a clinically relevant positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene, as well as labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) to allow for detection with magnetic particle imaging (MPI). MSCs were additionally engineered with a preclinical bioluminescence imaging (BLI) reporter gene for comparison of BLI cell viability data to both MPI and PET data over time. MSCs were implanted into the hind limbs of immunocompromised mice and imaging with MPI, BLI and PET was performed over a 30-day period. MPI showed sensitive detection that steadily declined over the 30-day period, while BLI showed initial decreases followed by later rapid increases in signal. The PET signal of MSCs was significantly higher than the background at later timepoints. Early-phase imaging (day 0-9 post MSC injections) showed correlation between MPI and BLI data (R2 = 0.671), while PET and BLI showed strong correlation for late-phase (day 10-30 post MSC injections) imaging timepoints (R2 = 0.9817). We report the first use of combined MPI and PET for cell tracking and show the complementary benefits of MPI for sensitive detection of MSCs early after implantation and PET for longer-term measurements of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - John J Kelly
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia C Sehl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Julia J Gevaert
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Matthew S Fox
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Saint Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Thiessen
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Saint Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justin W Hicks
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Dual Magnetic Particle Imaging and Akaluc Bioluminescence Imaging for Tracking Cancer Cell Metastasis. Tomography 2023; 9:178-194. [PMID: 36828368 PMCID: PMC9968184 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) provides hotspot tracking and direct quantification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO)-labelled cells. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) with the luciferase reporter gene Akaluc can provide complementary information on cell viability. Thus, we explored combining these technologies to provide a more holistic view of cancer cell fate in mice. Akaluc-expressing 4T1Br5 cells were labelled with the SPIO Synomag-D and injected into the mammary fat pads (MFP) of four nude mice. BLI was performed on days 0, 6 and 13, and MPI was performed on days 1, 8 and 14. Ex vivo histology and fluorescence microscopy of MFP and a potential metastatic site was conducted. The BLI signal in the MFP increased significantly from day 0 to day 13 (p < 0.05), mirroring tumor growth. The MPI signal significantly decreased from day 1 to day 14 (p < 0.05) due to SPIO dilution in proliferating cells. Both modalities detected secondary metastases; however, they were visualized in different anatomical regions. Akaluc BLI complemented MPI cell tracking, allowing for longitudinal measures of cell viability and sensitive detection of distant metastases at different locations. We predict this multimodal imaging approach will help to evaluate novel therapeutics and give a better understanding of metastatic mechanisms.
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Andersen C, Uvebrant K, Mori Y, Aarsvold S, Jacobsen S, Berg LC, Lundgren-Åkerlund E, Lindegaard C. Human integrin α10β1-selected mesenchymal stem cells home to cartilage defects in the rabbit knee and assume a chondrocyte-like phenotype. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:206. [PMID: 35578319 PMCID: PMC9109317 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in stimulating cartilage repair and in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the fate of the MSCs after intra-articular injection and their role in cartilage regeneration is not clear. To address these questions, this study investigated (1) homing of labeled human adipose tissue derived integrin α10β1-selected MSCs (integrin α10-MSCs) to a cartilage defect in a rabbit model and (2) the ability of the integrin α10-MSCs to differentiate to chondrocytes and to produce cartilage matrix molecules in vivo. DESIGN Integrin α10-MSCs were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) co-conjugated with Rhodamine B to allow visualization by both MRI and fluorescence microscopy. A cartilage defect was created in the articular cartilage of the intertrochlear groove of the femur of rabbits. Seven days post-surgery, labeled integrin α10-MSCs or vehicle were injected into the joint. Migration and distribution of the SPION-labeled integrin α10-MSCs was evaluated by high-field 9.4 T MRI up to 10 days after injection. Tissue sections from the repair tissue in the defects were examined by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS In vitro characterization of the labeled integrin α10-MSCs demonstrated maintained viability, proliferation rate and trilineage differentiation capacity compared to unlabeled MSCs. In vivo MRI analysis detected the labeled integrin α10-MSCs in the cartilage defects at all time points from 12 h after injection until day 10 with a peak concentration between day 1 and 4 after injection. The labeled MSCs were also detected lining the synovial membrane at the early time points. Fluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of the labeled integrin α10-MSCs in all layers of the cartilage repair tissue and showed co-localization between the labeled cells and the specific cartilage molecules aggrecan and collagen type II indicating in vivo differentiation of the MSCs to chondrocyte-like cells. No adverse effects of the α10-MSC treatment were detected during the study period. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated migration and homing of human integrin α10β1-selected MSCs to cartilage defects in the rabbit knee after intra-articular administration as well as chondrogenic differentiation of the MSCs in the regenerated cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Andersen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | | | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Lise Charlotte Berg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | | | - Casper Lindegaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
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Sehl OC, Foster PJ. The sensitivity of magnetic particle imaging and fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging for cell tracking. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22198. [PMID: 34772991 PMCID: PMC8589965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and fluorine-19 (19F) MRI produce images which allow for quantification of labeled cells. MPI is an emerging instrument for cell tracking, which is expected to have superior sensitivity compared to 19F MRI. Our objective is to assess the cellular sensitivity of MPI and 19F MRI for detection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and breast cancer cells. Cells were labeled with ferucarbotran or perfluoropolyether, for imaging on a preclinical MPI system or 3 Tesla clinical MRI, respectively. Using the same imaging time, as few as 4000 MSC (76 ng iron) and 8000 breast cancer cells (74 ng iron) were reliably detected with MPI, and 256,000 MSC (9.01 × 1016 19F atoms) were detected with 19F MRI, with SNR > 5. MPI has the potential to be more sensitive than 19F MRI for cell tracking. In vivo sensitivity with MPI and 19F MRI was evaluated by imaging MSC that were administered by different routes. In vivo imaging revealed reduced sensitivity compared to ex vivo cell pellets of the same cell number. We attribute reduced MPI and 19F MRI cell detection in vivo to the effect of cell dispersion among other factors, which are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Sehl
- Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Dr., London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada.
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Dr., London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
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Sehl OC, Makela AV, Hamilton AM, Foster PJ. Trimodal Cell Tracking In Vivo: Combining Iron- and Fluorine-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Magnetic Particle Imaging to Monitor the Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Ensuing Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:367-376. [PMID: 31893235 PMCID: PMC6935990 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is limited, as many cells undergo apoptosis following administration. In addition, the attraction of immune cells (predominately macrophages) to the site of implantation can lead to MSC rejection. We implemented a trimodal imaging technique to monitor the fate of transplanted MSCs and infiltrating macrophages in vivo. MSCs were labeled with an iron oxide nanoparticle (ferumoxytol) and then implanted within the hind limb muscle of 10 C57BI/6 mice. Controls received unlabeled MSCs (n = 5). A perfluorocarbon agent was administered intravenously for uptake by phagocytic macrophages in situ; 1 and 12 days later, the ferumoxytol-labeled MSCs were detected by proton (1H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Perfluorocarbon-labeled macrophages were detected by fluorine-19 (19F) MRI. 1H/19F MRI was acquired on a clinical scanner (3 T) using a dual-tuned surface coil and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence. The measured volume of signal loss and MPI signal declined over 12 days, which is consistent with the death and clearance of iron-labeled MSCs. 19F signal persisted over 12 days, suggesting the continuous infiltration of perfluorocarbon-labeled macrophages. Because MPI and 19F MRI signals are directly quantitative, we calculated estimates of the number of MSCs and macrophages present over time. The presence of MSCs and macrophages was validated with histology following the last imaging session. This is the first study to combine the use of iron- and fluorine-based MRI with MPI cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Sehl
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute and.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; and
| | - Ashley V Makela
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | | | - Paula J Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute and.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; and
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7
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Magnetic resonance imaging of umbilical cord stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: effects of labelling and transplantation parameters. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13684. [PMID: 32792506 PMCID: PMC7426806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell tracking with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important for evaluating the biodistribution of transplanted cells. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine. We examined the UC-MSCs labeled with superparamagnetic (SPIO) and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) in terms of cell functioning and imaging efficiency in vitro and in vivo. The UC-MSCs were co-incubated with SPIO or USPIO at a concentration of 50 or 100 µg/mL of label. Viability and proliferation were assessed by Trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT assay, respectively. Differentiation (chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis) was induced to examine the impact of labelling on stemness. For in vitro experiments, we used 7-T MRI to assess the T2 values of phantoms containing various concentrations of cell suspensions. For in vivo experiments, nine neonatal rats were divided into the control, SPIO, and USPIO groups. The UC-MSCs were injected directly into the rat brains. MRI images were obtained immediately and at 7 and 14 days post injection. The UC-MSCs were successfully labeled with SPIO and USPIO after 24 h of incubation. Cell viability was not changed by labelling. Nevertheless, labelling with 100 µg/mL USPIO led to a significant decrease in proliferation. The capacity for differentiation into cartilage was influenced by 100 µg/mL of SPIO. MRI showed that labeled cells exhibited clear hypointense signals, unlike unlabeled control cells. In the USPIO-labeled cells, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in T2 values (= improved contrast) was observed when compared with the controls and between phantoms containing the fewest and the most cells (0.5 × 106 versus 2.0 × 106 cells/mL). In vivo, the labeled cells were discernible on T2-weighted images at days 0, 7, and 14. The presence of SPIO and USPIO particles at day 14 was confirmed by Prussian blue staining. Microscopy also suggested that the regions occupied by the particles were not as large as the corresponding hypointense areas observed on MRI. Both labels were readily taken up by the UC-MSCs and identified well on MRI. While SPIO and USPIO provide improved results in MRI studies, care must be taken while labelling cells with high concentrations of these agents.
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8
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Knier NN, Hamilton AM, Foster PJ. Comparing the fate of brain metastatic breast cancer cells in different immune compromised mice with cellular magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:465-475. [PMID: 32533389 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in breast cancer patients, with brain metastases becoming increasingly prevalent. Studying this disease is challenging due to the limited experimental models and methods available. Here, we used iron-based cellular MRI to track the fate of a mammary carcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231-BR) in vivo to characterize the growth of brain metastases in the nude and severely immune-compromised NOD/SCID/ILIIrg-/- (NSG) mouse. Nude and NSG mice received injections of iron-labeled MDA-MB-231-BR cells. Images were acquired with a 3T MR system and assessed for signal voids and metastases. The percentage of signal voids and the number and volume of metastases were quantified. Ex vivo imaging of the liver, histology, and immunofluorescence labeling was performed. Brain metastases grew more rapidly in NSG mice. At day 21 post cell injection, the average number of brain tumors in NSG mice was approximately four times greater than in nude mice. The persistence of iron-labeled cells, visualized as signal voids by MRI, was also examined. The percentage of voids decreased significantly over time for both nude and NSG mice. Body images revealed that the NSG mice also had metastases in the liver, lungs, and lymph nodes while tumors were only detected in the brains of nude mice. This work demonstrates the advantages of using the highly immune-compromised NSG mouse to study breast cancer metastasis, treatments aimed at inhibiting metastasis and outgrowth of breast cancer metastases in multiple organs, and the role that imaging can play toward credentialing these models that cannot be done with other in vitro or histopathologic methods alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N Knier
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Amanda M Hamilton
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
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Natarajan P, Roberts JD, Kunte N, Hunter WB, Fleming SD, Tomich JM, Avila LA. A Study of the Cellular Uptake of Magnetic Branched Amphiphilic Peptide Capsules. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2208-2220. [PMID: 32324415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cellular uptake mechanisms of nanoparticles with therapeutic potential has become critical in the field of drug delivery. Elucidation of cellular entry routes can aid in the dissection of the complex intracellular trafficking and potentially allow for the manipulation of nanoparticle fate after cellular delivery (i.e., avoid lysosomal degradation). Branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) are peptide nanoparticles that have been and are being explored as delivery systems for nucleic acids and other therapeutic molecules in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we determined the cellular uptake routes of BAPCs with and without a magnetic nanobead core (BAPc-MNBs) in two cell lines: macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. We also studied the influence of size and growth media composition in this cellular process. Substituting the water-filled core with magnetic nanobeads might provide the peptide bilayer nanocapsules with added functionalities, facilitating their use in bio/immunoassays, magnetic field guided drug delivery, and magnetofection among others. Results suggest that BAPc-MNBs are internalized into the cytosol using more than one endocytic pathway. Flow cytometry and analysis of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) demonstrated that cell viability was minimally impacted by BAPc-MNBs. Cellular uptake pathways of peptide vesicles remain poorly understood, particularly with respect to endocytosis and intracellular trafficking. Outcomes from these studies provide a fundamental understanding of the cellular uptake of this peptide-based delivery system which will allow for strengthening of their delivery capabilities and expanding their applications both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jonathan D Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Life Science Bldg, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Nitish Kunte
- Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Life Science Bldg, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Wayne B Hunter
- U.S. Horticultural Research Lab, USDA, ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, United States
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, 116 Ackert Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - John M Tomich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - L Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Life Science Bldg, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Kérourédan O, Ribot EJ, Fricain JC, Devillard R, Miraux S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for tracking cellular patterns obtained by Laser-Assisted Bioprinting. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15777. [PMID: 30361490 PMCID: PMC6202323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of Tissue Engineering allowed to control the three-dimensional organization of engineered constructs. Cell pattern imaging and in vivo follow-up remain a major hurdle in in situ bioprinting onto deep tissues. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) associated with Micron-sized superParamagnetic Iron Oxide (MPIO) particles constitutes a non-invasive method for tracking cells in vivo. To date, no studies have utilized Cellular MRI as a tool to follow cell patterns obtained via bioprinting technologies. Laser-Assisted Bioprinting (LAB) has been increasingly recognized as a new and exciting addition to the bioprinting’s arsenal, due to its rapidity, precision and ability to print viable cells. This non-contact technology has been successfully used in recent in vivo applications. The aim of this study was to assess the methodology of tracking MPIO-labeled stem cells using MRI after organizing them by Laser-Assisted Bioprinting. Optimal MPIO concentrations for tracking bioprinted cells were determined. Accuracy of printed patterns was compared using MRI and confocal microscopy. Cell densities within the patterns and MRI signals were correlated. MRI enabled to detect cell patterns after in situ bioprinting onto a mouse calvarial defect. Results demonstrate that MRI combined with MPIO cell labeling is a valuable technique to track bioprinted cells in vitro and in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Kérourédan
- INSERM, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, U1026, F-33076, Bordeaux, France. .,CHU de Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Emeline Julie Ribot
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Fricain
- INSERM, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, U1026, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,ART BioPrint, INSERM, U1026, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raphaël Devillard
- INSERM, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, U1026, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvain Miraux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS/Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
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11
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Parkins KM, Dubois VP, Hamilton AM, Makela AV, Ronald JA, Foster PJ. Multimodality cellular and molecular imaging of concomitant tumour enhancement in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8930. [PMID: 29895974 PMCID: PMC5997674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that influence metastatic growth rates are poorly understood. One mechanism of interest known as concomitant tumour resistance (CTR) can be defined as the inhibition of metastasis by existing tumour mass. Conversely, the presence of a primary tumour has also been shown to increase metastatic outgrowth, termed concomitant tumour enhancement (CTE). The majority of studies evaluating CTR/CTE in preclinical models have relied on endpoint histological evaluation of tumour burden. The goal of this research was to use conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cellular MRI, and bioluminescence imaging to study the impact of a primary tumour on the development of brain metastases in a syngeneic mouse model. Here, we report that the presence of a 4T1 primary tumour significantly enhances total brain tumour burden in Balb/C mice. Using in vivo BLI/MRI we could determine this was not related to differences in initial arrest or clearance of viable cells in the brain, which suggests that the presence of a primary tumour can increase the proliferative growth of brain metastases in this model. The continued application of our longitudinal cellular and molecular imaging tools will yield a better understanding of the mechanism(s) by which this physiological inhibition (CTR) and/or enhancement (CTE) occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Parkins
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica P Dubois
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda M Hamilton
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley V Makela
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Hamilton AM, Wong SM, Wong E, Foster PJ. Cranial irradiation increases tumor growth in experimental breast cancer brain metastasis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3907. [PMID: 29493009 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Whole-brain radiotherapy is the standard of care for patients with breast cancer with multiple brain metastases and, although this treatment has been essential in the management of existing brain tumors, there are many known negative consequences associated with the irradiation of normal brain tissue. In our study, we used in vivo magnetic resonance imaging analysis to investigate the influence of radiotherapy-induced damage of healthy brain on the arrest and growth of metastatic breast cancer cells in a mouse model of breast cancer brain metastasis. We observed that irradiated, but otherwise healthy, neural tissue had an increased propensity to support metastatic growth compared with never-irradiated controls. The elucidation of the impact of irradiation on normal neural tissue could have implications in clinical patient management, particularly in patients with residual systemic disease or with residual radio-resistant brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Hamilton
- Robarts Research Institute, Imaging Research Laboratories, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne M Wong
- Robarts Research Institute, Imaging Research Laboratories, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eugene Wong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute, Imaging Research Laboratories, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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13
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Ding N, Sano K, Kanazaki K, Ohashi M, Deguchi J, Kanada Y, Ono M, Saji H. In Vivo HER2-Targeted Magnetic Resonance Tumor Imaging Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugated with Anti-HER2 Fragment Antibody. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:870-876. [PMID: 27351762 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The feasibility of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) conjugated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) single-chain antibody (scFv-IONPs) as novel HER2-targeted magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents was investigated. PROCEDURES The scFv-IONPs were prepared and identified. For in vitro MRI, NCI-N87 (HER2 high expression) and SUIT2 (low expression) cells were incubated with scFv-IONPs. For in vivo MRI, NCI-N87 and SUIT2 tumor-bearing mice were intravenously injected with scFv-IONPs and imaged before and 24 h post-injection. RESULTS The scFv-IONPs demonstrated high transverse relaxivity (296.3 s-1 mM-1) and affinity toward HER2 (KD = 11.7 nM). In the in vitro MRI, NCI-N87 cells treated with scFv-IONPs exhibited significant MR signal reduction (44.6 %) than SUIT2 cells (6.8 %). In the in vivo MRI, decrease of MR signals in NCI-N87 tumors (19.3 %) was more notable than that in SUIT2 tumors (6.2 %). CONCLUSIONS The scFv-IONPs enabled HER2-specific tumor MR imaging, suggesting the potential of scFv-IONPs as a robust HER2-targeted MR contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanazaki
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Medical Imaging Project, Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 146-8501, Japan
| | - Manami Ohashi
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Deguchi
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Kanada
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideo Saji
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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14
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Feng C, Luo X, He N, Xia H, Lv X, Zhang X, Li D, Wang F, He J, Zhang L, Lin X, Lin L, Yin H, He J, Wang J, Cao W, Wang R, Zhou G, Wang W. Efficacy and Persistence of Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Hyaluronic Acid in Osteoarthritis After Intra-articular Injection in a Sheep Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:219-233. [PMID: 28486025 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of studies have reported efficacy of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) no reliable evidences demonstrate whether allogeneic AD-MSCs can efficiently block OA progression in a large animal model. This study explored the efficacy and survival of allogeneic AD-MSCs combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) after intra-articular (IA) injection in a sheep OA model, which were conventionally established by anterior cruciate ligament resection and medial meniscectomy. Allogeneic AD-MSCs from donor sheep at high (5 × 107 cells) and low (1 × 107 cells) doses combined with HA, HA alone, or saline alone were injected into the OA sheep at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery, respectively. Evaluations by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), macroscopy, micro-computed tomography, and cartilage-specific staining demonstrated that AD-MSCs+HA treated groups preserved typical articular cartilage feature. Inflammatory factors from synovial fluid of AD-MSCs+HA treated groups were significantly lower than those in the HA alone group. Notably, transforming growth factor beta 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 were detected in the supernatant of cultured AD-MSCs. In addition, labeling signals of allogeneic AD-MSCs could be detected by MRI after 14 weeks of injection and be found in synovium by histology. These results indicated that IA injection of allogeneic AD-MSCs combined with HA could efficiently block OA progression and promote cartilage regeneration and allogeneic AD-MSCs might survive at least 14 weeks after IA injection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuan Luo
- 1 Cellular Biomedicine Group , Shanghai, China
| | - Na He
- 1 Cellular Biomedicine Group , Shanghai, China
| | - Huitang Xia
- 2 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China .,3 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoteng Lv
- 1 Cellular Biomedicine Group , Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- 2 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China .,3 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China , Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- 2 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China .,3 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China , Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- 1 Cellular Biomedicine Group , Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaping He
- 1 Cellular Biomedicine Group , Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 1 Cellular Biomedicine Group , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangming Lin
- 4 Department of Radiology, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Lin
- 4 Department of Radiology, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- 4 Department of Radiology, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyin He
- 5 Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwu Wang
- 6 Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- 1 Cellular Biomedicine Group , Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guangdong Zhou
- 2 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China .,3 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China , Shanghai, China .,7 Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Wei Fang Medical College , Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Wang
- 1 Cellular Biomedicine Group , Shanghai, China
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15
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Biological Characteristics of Fluorescent Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Labeled Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4837503. [PMID: 28298928 PMCID: PMC5337366 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4837503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking transplanted stem cells is necessary to clarify cellular properties and improve transplantation success. In this study, we investigate the effects of fluorescent superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) (Molday ION Rhodamine-B™, MIRB) on biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and monitor hDPSCs in vitro and in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Morphological analysis showed that intracellular MIRB particles were distributed in the cytoplasm surrounding the nuclei of hDPSCs. 12.5–100 μg/mL MIRB all resulted in 100% labeling efficiency. MTT showed that 12.5–50 μg/mL MIRB could promote cell proliferation and MIRB over 100 μg/mL exhibited toxic effect on hDPSCs. In vitro MRI showed that 1 × 106 cells labeled with various concentrations of MIRB (12.5–100 μg/mL) could be visualized. In vivo MRI showed that transplanted cells could be clearly visualized up to 60 days after transplantation. These results suggest that 12.5–50 μg/mL MIRB is a safe range for labeling hDPSCs. MIRB labeled hDPSCs cell can be visualized by MRI in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate that MIRB is a promising candidate for hDPSCs tracking in hDPSCs based dental pulp regeneration therapy.
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16
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Hamilton AM, Foster PJ. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging investigating the development of experimental brain metastases due to triple negative breast cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:133-140. [PMID: 28108861 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), when associated with poor outcome, is aggressive in nature with a high incidence of brain metastasis and the shortest median overall patient survival after brain metastasis development compared to all other breast cancer subtypes. As therapies that control primary cancer and extracranial metastatic sites improve, the incidence of brain metastases is increasing and the management of patients with breast cancer brain metastases continues to be a significant clinical challenge. Mouse models have been developed to permit in depth evaluation of breast cancer metastasis to the brain. In this study, we compare the efficiency and metastatic potential of two experimental mouse models of TNBC. Longitudinal MRI analysis and end point histology were used to quantify initial cell arrest as well as the number and volume of metastases that developed in mouse brain over time. We showed significant differences in MRI appearance, tumor progression and model efficiency between the syngeneic 4T1-BR5 model and the xenogeneic 231-BR model. Since TNBC does not respond to many standard breast cancer treatments and TNBC brain metastases lack effective targeted therapies, these preclinical TNBC models represent invaluable tools for the assessment of novel systemic therapeutic approaches. Further pursuits of therapeutics designed to bypass the blood tumor barrier and permit access to the brain parenchyma and metastatic cells within the brain will be paramount in the fight to control and treat lethal metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Hamilton
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Paula J Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond St N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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17
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Makela AV, Murrell DH, Parkins KM, Kara J, Gaudet JM, Foster PJ. Cellular Imaging With MRI. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 25:177-186. [PMID: 27748707 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an evolving field of imaging with strong translational and research potential. The ability to detect, track, and quantify cells in vivo and over time allows for studying cellular events related to disease processes and may be used as a biomarker for decisions about treatments and for monitoring responses to treatments. In this review, we discuss methods for labeling cells, various applications for cellular MRI, the existing limitations, strategies to address these shortcomings, and clinical cellular MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Makela
- *Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute †Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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18
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MRI-Based Assessment of Intralesional Delivery of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Model of Equine Tendonitis. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8610964. [PMID: 27746821 PMCID: PMC5056306 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8610964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-guided intralesional injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is held as the benchmark for cell delivery in tendonitis. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the immediate cell distribution following intralesional injection of MSCs. Unilateral superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) lesions were created in the forelimb of six horses and injected with 10 × 106 MSCs labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) under ultrasound guidance. Assays were performed to confirm that there were no significant changes in cell viability, proliferation, migration, or trilineage differentiation due to the presence of SPIOs. Limbs were imaged on a 1.5-tesla clinical MRI scanner postmortem before and after injection to determine the extent of tendonitis and detect SPIO MSCs. Clusters of labeled cells were visible as signal voids in 6/6 subjects. Coalescing regions of signal void were diffusely present in the peritendinous tissues. Although previous reports have determined that local injury retains cells within a small radius of the site of injection, our study shows greater than expected delocalization and relatively few cells retained within collagenous tendon compared to surrounding fascia. Further work is needed if this is a reality in vivo and to determine if directed intralesional delivery of MSCs is as critical as presently thought.
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19
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Shen WB, Vaccaro DE, Fishman PS, Groman EV, Yarowsky P. SIRB, sans iron oxide rhodamine B, a novel cross-linked dextran nanoparticle, labels human neuroprogenitor and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and serves as a USPIO cell labeling control. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:222-8. [PMID: 26809657 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report of the synthesis of a new nanoparticle, sans iron oxide rhodamine B (SIRB), an example of a new class of nanoparticles. SIRB is designed to provide all of the cell labeling properties of the ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle Molday ION Rhodamine B (MIRB) without containing the iron oxide core. MIRB was developed to label cells and allow them to be tracked by MRI or to be manipulated by magnetic gradients. SIRB possesses a similar size, charge and cross-linked dextran coating as MIRB. Of great interest is understanding the biological and physiological changes in cells after they are labeled with a USPIO. Whether these effects are due to the iron oxide buried within the nanoparticle or to the surface coating surrounding the iron oxide core has not been considered previously. MIRB and SIRB represent an ideal pairing of nanoparticles to identify nanoparticle anatomy responsible for post-labeling cytotoxicity. Here we report the effects of SIRB labeling on the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and primary human neuroprogenitor cells (hNPCs). These effects are contrasted with the effects of labeling SH-SY5Y cells and hNPCs with MIRB. We find that SIRB labeling, like MIRB labeling, (i) occurs without the use of transfection reagents, (ii) is packaged within lysosomes distributed within cell cytoplasm, (iii) is retained within cells with no loss of label after cell storage, and (iv) does not alter cellular viability or proliferation, and (v) SIRB labeled hNPCs differentiate normally into neurons or astrocytes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Shen
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Paul S Fishman
- Neurology Service, VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Paul Yarowsky
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Research Service, VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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20
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Aswendt M, Henn N, Michalk S, Schneider G, Steiner MS, Bissa U, Dose C, Hoehn M. Novel bimodal iron oxide particles for efficient tracking of human neural stem cells in vivo. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2499-512. [PMID: 26296195 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We validated novel bimodal iron oxide particles as substitute of ferumoxides for efficient labeling of human neural stem cells (NSCs). The dextrane-coated FeraTrack Direct (FTD)-Vio particles have additional far-red fluorophores for microscopic cell analysis. METHODS MR relaxometry, spectrophotometric iron determination and microscopy are used for characterization in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Efficient uptake is not transfection agent-dependent. FTD-Vio594 labeling had no influence on viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation capacity. It allows MRI-based tracking of engrafted NSCs in mouse brain up to 11 days, complemented by bioluminescence imaging of firefly luciferase expressed by the engrafted cells. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the FTD-Vio594 particles as safe and sensitive substitute of ferumoxides for longitudinal tracking of NSCs in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Aswendt
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Henn
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Michalk
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schneider
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark-Steven Steiner
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Ursula Bissa
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Christian Dose
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.,Percuros BV, Enschede, Drienerlolaan 5-Zuidhorst, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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21
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Scharf A, Holmes S, Thoresen M, Mumaw J, Stumpf A, Peroni J. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a means to track mesenchymal stem cells in a large animal model of tendon injury. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 10:388-97. [PMID: 26033748 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish an SPIO-based cell-tracking method in an ovine model of tendonitis and to determine if this method may be useful for further study of cellular therapies in tendonitis in vivo. Functional assays were performed on labeled and unlabeled cells to ensure that no significant changes were induced by intracellular SPIOs. Following biosafety validation, tendon lesions were mechanically (n = 4) or chemically (n = 4) induced in four sheep and scanned ex vivo at 7 and 14 days to determine the presence and distribution of intralesional cells. Ovine MSCs labeled with 50 µg SPIOs/mL remained viable, proliferate, and undergo tri-lineage differentiation (p < 0.05). Labeled ovine MSCs remained detectable in vitro in concentrated cell numbers as low as 10 000 and in volumetric distributions as low as 100 000 cells/mL. Cells remained detectable by MRI at 7 days, as confirmed by correlative histology for dually labeled SPIO+/GFP+ cells. Histological evidence at 14 days suggested that SPIO particles remained embedded in tissue, providing MRI signal, although cells were no longer present. SPIO labeling has proven to be an effective method for cell tracking for a large animal model of tendon injury for up to 7 days post-injection. The data obtained in this study justify further investigation into the effects of MSC survival and migration on overall tendon healing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Scharf
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shannon Holmes
- Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Merrilee Thoresen
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jennifer Mumaw
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Alaina Stumpf
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - John Peroni
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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22
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Danhier P, Magat J, Levêque P, De Preter G, Porporato PE, Bouzin C, Jordan BF, Demeur G, Haufroid V, Feron O, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. In vivo visualization and ex vivo quantification of murine breast cancer cells in the mouse brain using MRI cell tracking and electron paramagnetic resonance. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:367-375. [PMID: 25611487 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell tracking could be useful to elucidate fundamental processes of cancer biology such as metastasis. The aim of this study was to visualize, using MRI, and to quantify, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), the entrapment of murine breast cancer cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) in the mouse brain after intracardiac injection. For this purpose, luciferase-expressing murine 4 T1-luc breast cancer cells were labeled with fluorescent Molday ION Rhodamine B SPIOs. Following intracardiac injection, SPIO-labeled 4 T1-luc cells were imaged using multiple gradient-echo sequences. Ex vivo iron oxide quantification in the mouse brain was performed using EPR (9 GHz). The long-term fate of 4 T1-luc cells after injection was characterized using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), brain MRI and immunofluorescence. We observed hypointense spots due to SPIO-labeled cells in the mouse brain 4 h after injection on T2 *-weighted images. Histology studies showed that SPIO-labeled cancer cells were localized within blood vessels shortly after delivery. Ex vivo quantification of SPIOs showed that less than 1% of the injected cells were taken up by the mouse brain after injection. MRI experiments did not reveal the development of macrometastases in the mouse brain several days after injection, but immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that these cells found in the brain established micrometastases. Concerning the metastatic patterns of 4 T1-luc cells, an EPR biodistribution study demonstrated that SPIO-labeled 4 T1-luc cells were also entrapped in the lungs of mice after intracardiac injection. BLI performed 6 days after injection of 4 T1-luc cells showed that this cell line formed macrometastases in the lungs and in the bones. Conclusively, EPR and MRI were found to be complementary for cell tracking applications. MRI cell tracking at 11.7 T allowed sensitive detection of isolated SPIO-labeled cells in the mouse brain, whereas EPR allowed the assessment of the number of SPIO-labeled cells in organs shortly after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Bourzac CA, Koenig JB, Link KA, Nykamp SG, Koch TG. Evaluation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent labeling of equine cord blood and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Am J Vet Res 2015; 75:1010-7. [PMID: 25350092 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.11.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and effects of labeling equine umbilical cord blood (UCB)- and bone marrow (BM)-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent and the detection of labeled MSCs by use of MRI. SAMPLE UCB MSCs from placental tissues of 5 foals and BM MSCs from 5 horses. PROCEDURES UCB and BM MSC cultures were seeded in duplicate (5,000 cells/cm(2)). One duplicate was incubated with SPIO (50 μg/mL); the other was processed identically, but without SPIO. Mesenchymal stromal cells were expanded in triplicates for 5 passages and assessed for viability and proliferative capacity, labeling efficacy, and labeled cell proportion. For MRI detection, 5 × 10(6) labeled BM MSCs from passage 1 or 2 were injected into a collagenase-induced superficial digital flexor tendon defect of an equine cadaveric forelimb from 2 horses. RESULTS For passages 1, 2, and 3, labeling efficacy and cell proportion for UCB MSCs (99.6% [range, 98.8% to 99.9%], 16.6% [range, 6.5% to 36.1%], and 1.0% [range, 0.4% to 2.8%], respectively) were significantly higher than for BM MSCs (99.2% [range, 97.8% to 99.7%], 4.5% [range, 1.6% to 11.8%], and 0.2% [range, 0.1% to 0.6%], respectively). Labeling was not detectable after passage 3. Viability of MSCs was not affected, but cell doubling time increased in labeled MSCs, compared with that of unlabeled MSCs. On MRI 3-D T2*-weighted fast gradient echo sequences, decreased signal intensity was observed for BM passage 1 MSCs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Equine UCB and BM MSCs were labeled with SPIO at high efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine A Bourzac
- Departments of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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24
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Sart S, Bejarano FC, Baird MA, Yan Y, Rosenberg JT, Ma T, Grant SC, Li Y. Intracellular labeling of mouse embryonic stem cell–derived neural progenitor aggregates with micron-sized particles of iron oxide. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:98-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Danhier P, De Preter G, Magat J, Godechal Q, Porporato PE, Jordan BF, Feron O, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. Multimodal cell tracking of a spontaneous metastasis model: comparison between MRI, electron paramagnetic resonance and bioluminescence. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:143-53. [PMID: 24523059 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MRI cell tracking is a promising technique for tracking various cell types in living animals. Usually, cells are incubated with iron oxides so that the particles are taken up before the cells are injected in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to monitor migration of luciferase-expressing mouse renal cancer cells (RENCA-luc) after intrarenal or intrasplenic injection. These cells were labelled using Molday Ion Rhodamine B (MIRB) fluorescent superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Their fate after injection was first assessed using ex vivo X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This biodistribution study showed that RENCA-luc cells quickly colonized the lungs and the liver after intrarenal and intrasplenic injection, respectively. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) studies confirmed that this cell line preferentially metastasized to these organs. Early tracking of labelled RENCA-luc cells in the liver using high-field MRI (11.7 T) was not feasible because of a lack of sensitivity. MRI of MIRB-labelled RENCA-luc cells after injection in the left kidney was then performed. T2 - and T2 *-weighted images showed that the labelled cells induced hypointense signals at the injection site. Nevertheless, the hypointense regions tended to disappear after several days, mainly owing to dilution of the MIRB iron oxides with cell proliferation. In conclusion, EPR is well adapted to ex vivo analysis of tissues after cell tracking experiments and allows short-term monitoring of metastasizing cells. MRI is a suitable tool for checking labelled cells at their injection site, but dilution of the iron oxides owing to cell division remains a major limitation. BLI remains the most suitable technique for long-term monitoring of metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Lu X, Xia R, Zhang B, Gao F. MRI tracking stem cells transplantation for coronary heart disease. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:899-903. [PMID: 25097541 PMCID: PMC4121722 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.304.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Stem cell transplantation has become a new treatment option for cardiovascular disease because the stem cells are able to migrate to damaged cardiac tissue, repair the myocardial infarction area and ultimately reduce the role of the infarct-related mortality. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new robust non-invasive imaging technique that can detect anatomical information and myocardial dysfunction, study the mechanism of stem cells therapy with superb spatial/temporal resolution, relatively safe contrast material and lack of radiation. This review describes the advantages and disadvantages of cardiac MRI applied in stem cells transplantation and discusses how to translate this technique into clinical therapy. Sources of Data/Study Selection: Data from cross-sectional and prospective studies published between the years 2001-2013 on the topic were included. Data searches included both human and animal studies. Data Extraction: The data was extracted from online resources of statistic reports, Pub med, THE MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Medical and Radiological journals. Conclusion: MRI is an appealing technique for cell trafficking depicting engraftment, differentiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Xi Lu, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Rui Xia, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Bing Zhang, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fabao Gao
- Fabao Gao, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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27
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Bates D, Abraham S, Campbell M, Zehbe I, Curiel L. Development and characterization of an antibody-labeled super-paramagnetic iron oxide contrast agent targeting prostate cancer cells for magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97220. [PMID: 24819929 PMCID: PMC4018298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we developed, characterized and validated in vitro a functional superparagmagnetic iron-oxide based magnetic resonance contrast agent by conjugating a commercially available iron oxide nanoparticle, Molday ION Rhodamine-B Carboxyl (MIRB), with a deimmunized mouse monoclonal antibody (muJ591) targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). This functional contrast agent is intended for the specific and non-invasive detection of prostate cancer cells that are PSMA positive, a marker implicated in prostate tumor progression and metastasis. The two-step carbodiimide reaction used to conjugate the antibody to the nanoparticle was efficient and we obtained an elemental iron content of 1958±611 per antibody. Immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry showed that the conjugated muJ591:MIRB complex specifically binds to PSMA-positive (LNCaP) cells. The muJ591:MIRB complex reduced cell adhesion and cell proliferation on LNCaP cells and caused apoptosis as tested by Annexin V assay, suggesting anti-tumorigenic characteristics. Measurements of the T2 relaxation time of the muJ591:MIRB complex using a 400 MHz Innova NMR and a multi-echo spin-echo sequence on a 3T MRI (Achieva, Philips) showed a significant T2 relaxation time reduction for the muJ591:MIRB complex, with a reduced T2 relaxation time as a function of the iron concentration. PSMA-positive cells treated with muJ591:MIRB showed a significantly shorter T2 relaxation time as obtained using a 3T MRI scanner. The reduction in T2 relaxation time for muJ591:MIRB, combined with its specificity against PSMA+LNCaP cells, suggest its potential as a biologically-specific MR contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bates
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suraj Abraham
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Campbell
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Curiel
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Wang L, Potter WM, Zhao Q. In vivo quantification of SPIO nanoparticles for cell labeling based on MR phase gradient images. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:43-50. [PMID: 24764174 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Along with the development of modern imaging technologies, contrast agents play increasingly important roles in both clinical applications and scientific research. Super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, a negative contrast agent, have been extensively used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as in vivo labeling and tracking of cells. However, there still remain many challenges, such as in vivo quantification of SPIO nanoparticles. In this work, an MR phase gradient-based method was proposed to quantify the SPIO nanoparticles. As a calibration, a phantom experiment using known concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 250 µg/ml) of SPIO was first conducted to verify the proposed quantification method. In a following in vivo experiment, C6 glioma cells labeled with SPIO nanoparticles were implanted into flanks of four mice, which were scanned 1-3 days post-injection for in vivo quantification of SPIO concentration. The results showed that the concentration of SPIO nanoparticles could be determined in both phantom and in vivo experiments using the developed MR phase gradients approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Wang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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29
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Ribot EJ, Gaudet JM, Chen Y, Gilbert KM, Foster PJ. In vivo MR detection of fluorine-labeled human MSC using the bSSFP sequence. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1731-9. [PMID: 24748787 PMCID: PMC3986292 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are used to restore deteriorated cell environments. There is a need to specifically track these cells following transplantation in order to evaluate different methods of implantation, to follow their migration within the body, and to quantify their accumulation at the target. Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using fluorine-based nanoemulsions is a great means to detect these transplanted cells in vivo because of the high specificity for fluorine detection and the capability for precise quantification. This technique, however, has low sensitivity, necessitating improvement in MR sequences. To counteract this issue, the balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging sequence can be of great interest due to the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Furthermore, it can be applied to obtain 3D images within short acquisition times. In this paper, bSSFP provided accurate quantification of samples of the perfluorocarbon Cell Sense-labeled cells in vitro. Cell Sense was internalized by human MSC (hMSC) without adverse alterations in cell viability or differentiation into adipocytes/osteocytes. The bSSFP sequence was applied in vivo to track and quantify the signals from both Cell Sense-labeled and iron-labeled hMSC after intramuscular implantation. The fluorine signal was observed to decrease faster and more significantly than the volume of iron-associated voids, which points to the advantage of quantifying the fluorine signal and the complexity of quantifying signal loss due to iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline J Ribot
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Gaudet
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle M Gilbert
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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30
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Sart S, Bejarano FC, Yan Y, Grant SC, Li Y. Labeling pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors with iron oxide particles for magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1283:43-52. [PMID: 25304204 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the unlimited proliferation capacity and the unique differentiation ability of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), large numbers of PSC-derived cell products are in demand for applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and especially cell therapy. In stem cell-based therapy, tracking transplanted cells with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful technique to reveal cell survival and distribution. This chapter illustrated the basic steps of labeling PSC-derived neural progenitors (NPs) with micron-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO, 0.86 μm) for MRI analysis. The protocol described PSC expansion and differentiation into NPs, and the labeling of the derived cells either after replating on adherent surface or in suspension. The labeled cells can be analyzed using in vitro MRI analysis. The methods presented here can be easily adapted for cell labeling in cell processing facilities under current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). The iron oxide-labeled NPs can be used for cellular monitoring of in vitro cultures and in vivo transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
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31
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Jülke H, Veit C, Ribitsch I, Brehm W, Ludewig E, Delling U. Comparative Labeling of Equine and Ovine Multipotent Stromal Cells With Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Vitro. Cell Transplant 2013; 24:1111-25. [PMID: 24330785 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x675737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of three different superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles for labeling of ovine and equine bone marrow (BM)-derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro. MSCs were obtained from five adult sheep and horses, respectively. After three passages (p3), cells were labeled with either 1) Molday ION Rhodamine B, 2) Endorem, 3) Resovist, or 4) remained unlabeled as control. Labeling efficiency, marker retention, and long-term detectability in MRI until p7 were evaluated. Further, proliferation capacity and trilineage differentiation as indicators for potential impact on stromal cell characteristics were assessed. MSCs of both species were successfully labeled with all three SPIO products. A high, exclusively intracellular, iron uptake was achieved by Molday ION Rhodamine B only. Labeling with Resovist led to prominent extracellular iron presence; labeling with Endorem was less efficient. During MRI, all labeled cells showed strong hypointense signals, contrary to unlabeled controls. Resovist induced the largest areas of hypointense signals, followed by Molday ION Rhodamine B and Endorem. MRI signal detectability decreased from p4 to p7. Proliferation, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation potential were not reduced by cell labeling compared to unlabeled cells. Chondrogenic differentiation capacity decreased with increasing amount of iron associated with the cells. Among the three products, Resovist and Molday were identified as promising labeling agents. While Resovist achieved superior results in most of the assessed parameters, Molday ION Rhodamine B ensured intracellular iron uptake without extracellular SPIO complexes and consistent hypointense signals on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Jülke
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Shen WB, Plachez C, Chan A, Yarnell D, Puche AC, Fishman PS, Yarowsky P. Human neural progenitor cells retain viability, phenotype, proliferation, and lineage differentiation when labeled with a novel iron oxide nanoparticle, Molday ION Rhodamine B. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4593-600. [PMID: 24348036 PMCID: PMC3849141 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s53012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron-oxide particles (USPIOs) loaded into stem cells have been suggested as a way to track stem cell transplantation with magnetic resonance imaging, but the labeling, and post-labeling proliferation, viability, differentiation, and retention of USPIOs within the stem cells have yet to be determined for each type of stem cell and for each type of USPIO. Molday ION Rhodamine B™ (BioPAL, Worcester, MA, USA) (MIRB) has been shown to be a USPIO labeling agent for mesenchymal stem cells, glial progenitor cells, and stem cell lines. In this study, we have evaluated MIRB labeling in human neuroprogenitor cells and found that human neuroprogenitor cells are effectively labeled with MIRB without use of transfection reagents. Viability, proliferation, and differentiation properties are unchanged between MIRB-labeled neuroprogenitors cells and unlabeled cells. Moreover, MIRB-labeled human neuroprogenitor cells can be frozen, thawed, and replated without loss of MIRB or even without loss of their intrinsic biology. Overall, those results show that MIRB has advantageous properties that can be used for cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Shen
- Research Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Celine Plachez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Chan
- Notre Dame of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Yarnell
- Research Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam C Puche
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul S Fishman
- Research Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Yarowsky
- Research Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Noad J, Gonzalez-Lara LE, Broughton HC, McFadden C, Chen Y, Hess DA, Foster PJ. MRI tracking of transplanted iron-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells in an immune-compromised mouse model of critical limb ischemia. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:458-467. [PMID: 23165968 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease is a clinical problem in which mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation may offer substantial benefit by promoting the generation of new blood vessels and improving limb ischemia and wound healing via their potent paracrine activities. MRI allows for the noninvasive tracking of cells over time using iron oxide contrast agents to label cells before they are injected or transplanted. However, a major limitation of the tracking of iron oxide-labeled cells with MRI is the possibility that dead or dying cells will transfer the iron oxide label to local bystander macrophages, making it very difficult to distinguish between viable transplanted cells and endogenous macrophages in the images. In this study, a severely immune-compromised mouse, with limited macrophage activity, was investigated to examine cell tracking in a system in which bystander cell uptake of dead, iron-labeled cells or free iron particles was minimized. MRI was used to track the fate of MSCs over 21 days after their intramuscular transplantation in mice with a femoral artery ligation. In all mice, a region of signal loss was observed at the injection site and the volume of signal hypointensity diminished over time. Fluorescence and light microscopy showed that iron-positive MSCs persisted at the transplant site and often appeared to be integrated in perivascular niches. This was compared with MSC transplantation in immune-competent mice with femoral artery ligation. In these mice, the regions of signal loss caused by iron-labeled MSC cleared more slowly, and histology revealed iron particles trapped at the site of cell transplantation and associated with areas of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Noad
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Mallett CL, McFadden C, Chen Y, Foster PJ. Migration of iron-labeled KHYG-1 natural killer cells to subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:743-51. [PMID: 22443465 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.667874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS A novel cell line of cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells, KHYG-1, was examined in vivo for immunotherapy against prostate cancer. The feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracking to monitor the fate of injected NK cells following intravenous (i.v.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration was assessed. METHODS PC-3M human prostate cancer cells were injected s.c. into the flank of nude mice (day 0). KHYG-1 NK cells were labeled with an iron oxide contrast agent and injected s.c., i.v. or i.p. on day 8. Mice were imaged by MRI on days 7, 9 and 12. Tumor sections were examined with fluorescence microscopy and immunohistologic staining for NK cells. RESULTS NK cells were detected in the tumors by histology after all three administration routes. NK cells and fluorescence from the iron label were co-localized. Signal loss was seen in the areas around the tumors and between the tumor lobes in the s.c. group. CONCLUSIONS We are the first to label this cell line of NK cells with an iron oxide contrast agent. Accumulation of NK cells was visualized by MRI after s.c. injection but not after i.v. and i.p. injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L Mallett
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Chahal DS, Chahal HS, Bayles AR, Rudié EM, Helms BA. Synthetic development of cell-permeable polymer colloids decorated with nanocrystal imaging probes optimized for cell tracking. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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