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Manohar SM, Joshi KS. Molecular Pharmacology of Multitarget Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:251-261. [PMID: 37015886 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2199924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Certain signaling pathways are implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are commonly hyperactivated in CRC and hence multitarget CDK inhibitors serve as promising therapeutic drugs against CRC. OBJECTIVE Off-target effects of multitarget CDK inhibitors with differential CDK inhibitory spectrum viz. P276-00 (also known as riviciclib), roscovitine and UCN-01 on CRC cell lines of varied genetic background were delineated. METHOD Protein expression was analyzed for key signaling proteins by western blotting. β-catenin localization was assessed using immunofluorescence. HIF-1 transcriptional activity and target gene expression were studied by reporter gene assay and RT-PCR respectively. Anti-migratory and anti-angiogenic potential was evaluated by wound healing assay and endothelial tube formation assay. RESULTS CDK inhibitors modulated various signaling pathways in CRC and for certain proteins showed a highly cell line-dependent response. Riviciclib and roscovitine inhibited HIF-1 transcriptional activity and HIF-1α accumulation in hypoxic HCT116 cells. Both of these drugs also abrogated migration of HCT116 and in vitro angiogenesis in HUVECs. CONCLUSION Anticancer activity of multitarget CDK inhibitors can be certainly attributed to their off-target effects and should be analyzed while assessing their therapeutic utility against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal M Manohar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia of School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana S Joshi
- Discovery Engine, Cipla R and D, Cipla Ltd. Vikhroli (West), Mumbai, India
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The Insulin-like Growth Factor System and Colorectal Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081274. [PMID: 36013453 PMCID: PMC9410426 DOI: 10.3390/life12081274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are peptides which exert mitogenic, endocrine and cytokine activities. Together with their receptors, binding proteins and associated molecules, they participate in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer development. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, whose etiology usually represents a combination of the environmental and genetic factors. IGFs are most often increased in CRC, enabling excessive autocrine/paracrine stimulation of the cell growth. Overexpression or increased activation/accessibility of IGF receptors is a coinciding step which transmits IGF-related signals. A number of molecules and biochemical mechanisms exert modulatory effects shaping the final outcome of the IGF-stimulated processes, frequently leading to neoplastic transformation in the case of irreparable disbalance. The IGF system and related molecules and pathways which participate in the development of CRC are the focus of this review.
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Lyu N, Pedersen B, Shklovskaya E, Rizos H, Molloy MP, Wang Y. SERS characterization of colorectal cancer cell surface markers upon anti‐EGFR treatment. EXPLORATION 2022; 2:20210176. [PMCID: PMC10190927 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Lyu
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics and School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Bernadette Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Elena Shklovskaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Kolling Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics and School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Antioxidant and Anti-Colorectal Cancer Properties in Methanolic Extract of Mangrove-Derived Schizochytrium sp. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work studied the antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer properties of a potential strain of thraustochytrids, Schizochytrium sp. (SMKK1), isolated from mangrove leaf litter. The biomass was extracted with methanol and screened for antioxidant activity using six different assays. The extract exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity (87.37 ± 1.22%) and the lowest nitric oxide radical (75.12 ± 2.22%), and the activity increased with the concentration of the extract. The methanolic extract was further tested for in vitro cytotoxicity on the colon cancer cell line (HT29). The extract was also analyzed for polyunsaturated fatty acids using GC-MS. The five predominant HTVS-based compounds, viz., arachidonic acid, linolenic acid (alpha-linolenic acid and gamma-linolenic acid), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, were identified in the extract, and these were tested against the colon cancer protein IGF binding (IGF-1) using the in silico docking method. The results revealed that all the five compounds were capable of destroying the colon oncoprotein responsible for anti-colon carcinogen, based on activation energy and also good hydrogen bond interaction against IGF binding proteins. Of the compounds, docosahexaenoic acid was the most effective, having a docking score of −10.8 Kcal/mol. All the five fatty acids passed the ADMET test and were hence accepted for further clinical trials towards the development of anticancer drugs.
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Yu GH, Li SF, Wei R, Jiang Z. Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:1747326. [PMID: 35296101 PMCID: PMC8920658 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1747326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have identified diabetes as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The potential pathophysiological mechanisms of this association include hyperinsulinemia, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, hyperglycemia, inflammation induced by adipose tissue dysfunction, gastrointestinal motility disorder, and impaired immunological surveillance. Several studies have shown that underlying diabetes adversely affects the prognosis of patients with CRC. This review explores the novel anticancer agents targeting IGF-1R and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), both of which play a vital role in diabetes-induced colorectal tumorigenesis. Inhibitors of IGF-1R and RAGE are expected to become promising therapeutic choices, particularly for CRC patients with diabetes. Furthermore, hypoglycemic therapy is associated with the incidence of CRC. Selection of appropriate hypoglycemic agents, which can reduce the risk of CRC in diabetic patients, is an unmet issue. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the current studies concerning the connections among diabetes, hypoglycemic therapy, and CRC as well as provides a synthesis of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Our synthesis provides a theoretical basis for rational use of hypoglycemic therapies and early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-related CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shuo-Feng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Sipos F, Bohusné Barta B, Simon Á, Nagy L, Dankó T, Raffay RE, Petővári G, Zsiros V, Wichmann B, Sebestyén A, Műzes G. Survival of HT29 Cancer Cells Is Affected by IGF1R Inhibition via Modulation of Self-DNA-Triggered TLR9 Signaling and the Autophagy Response. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610322. [PMID: 35651701 PMCID: PMC9148969 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In HT29 colon cancer cells, a close interplay between self-DNA-induced TLR9 signaling and autophagy response was found, with remarkable effects on cell survival and differentiation. IGF1R activation drives the development and malignant progression of colorectal cancer. IGF1R inhibition displays a controversial effect on autophagy. The interrelated roles of IGF1R inhibition and TLR9/autophagy signaling in HT29 cancer cells have not yet been clarified. In our study, we aimed to investigate the complex interplay of IGF1R inhibition and TLR9/autophagy signaling in HT29 cells. Methods: HT29 cells were incubated with tumor-originated self-DNA with or without inhibitors of IGF1R (picropodophyllin), autophagy (chloroquine), and TLR9 (ODN2088), respectively. Cell proliferation and metabolic activity measurements, direct cell counting, NanoString and Taqman gene expression analyses, immunocytochemistry, WES Simple Western blot, and transmission electron microscopy investigations were performed. Results: The concomitant use of tumor-derived self-DNA and IGF1R inhibitors displays anti-proliferative potential, which can be reversed by parallel TLR9 signaling inhibition. The distinct effects of picropodophyllin, ODN2088, and chloroquine per se or in combination on HT29 cell proliferation and autophagy suggest that either the IGF1R-associated or non-associated autophagy machinery is "Janus-faced" regarding its actions on cell proliferation. Autophagy, induced by different combinations of self-DNA and inhibitors is not sufficient to rescue HT29 cells from death but results in the survival of some CD133-positive stem-like HT29 cells. Conclusion: The creation of new types of combined IGF1R, autophagy, and/or TLR9 signaling inhibitors would play a significant role in the development of more personalized anti-tumor therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Ferenc Sipos,
| | - Bettina Bohusné Barta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lőrinc Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Titanilla Dankó
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regina Eszter Raffay
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Petővári
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Zsiros
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Anna Sebestyén
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Yu GH, Jiang Z. Progress in understanding of relationship between diabetes and colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1323-1333. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i23.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have suggested that diabetes is closely associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and diabetes could be regarded as an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms connecting diabetes and colorectal cancer include hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin-like growth factor axis, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, gastrointestinal motility disorder, and impaired immunological surveillance. Meanwhile, multiple studies have revealed that diabetes is negatively related to the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. This review mainly summarizes the current studies concerning the linkages between diabetes and colorectal cancer and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational use of antidiabetic drugs and early diagnosis of diabetes-related colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Cheng WL, Feng PH, Lee KY, Chen KY, Sun WL, Van Hiep N, Luo CS, Wu SM. The Role of EREG/EGFR Pathway in Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312828. [PMID: 34884633 PMCID: PMC8657471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) by erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ERBB) ligands contributes to various tumor malignancies, including lung cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC). Epiregulin (EREG) is one of the EGFR ligands and is low expressed in most normal tissues. Elevated EREG in various cancers mainly activates EGFR signaling pathways and promotes cancer progression. Notably, a higher EREG expression level in CRC with wild-type Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is related to better efficacy of therapeutic treatment. By contrast, the resistance of anti-EGFR therapy in CRC was driven by low EREG expression, aberrant genetic mutation and signal pathway alterations. Additionally, EREG overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is anticipated to be a therapeutic target for EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). However, recent findings indicate that EREG derived from macrophages promotes NSCLC cell resistance to EGFR-TKI treatment. The emerging events of EREG-mediated tumor promotion signals are generated by autocrine and paracrine loops that arise from tumor epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is a crucial element for the development of various cancer types and drug resistance. The regulation of EREG/EGFR pathways depends on distinct oncogenic driver mutations and cell contexts that allows specific pharmacological targeting alone or combinational treatment for tailored therapy. Novel strategies targeting EREG/EGFR, tumor-associated macrophages, and alternative activation oncoproteins are under development or undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the clinical outcomes of EREG expression and the interaction of this ligand in the TME. The EREG/EGFR pathway may be a potential target and may be combined with other driver mutation targets to combat specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yuan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Van Hiep
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Luo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Sheng-Ming Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Massaro C, Safadeh E, Sgueglia G, Stunnenberg HG, Altucci L, Dell’Aversana C. MicroRNA-Assisted Hormone Cell Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Resistance. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010039. [PMID: 33396628 PMCID: PMC7823834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in cancer therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, mainly due to the acquisition of resistance and disease recurrence in patients. Growing evidence indicates that deregulation of hormone signaling pathways and their cross-talk with other signaling cascades inside CRC cells may have an impact on therapy resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small conserved non-coding RNAs thatfunction as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Key studies have identified miRNA alterations in cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and assessment of miRNAs role in hormone signaling pathways in CRC drug resistance and their potential as future targets for overcoming resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crescenzo Massaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Elham Safadeh
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Sgueglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7564 (L.A.); +39-081-566-7566 (C.D.)
| | - Carmela Dell’Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7564 (L.A.); +39-081-566-7566 (C.D.)
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Baizig NM, Wided BA, Amine OE, Gritli S, ElMay M. The Clinical Significance of IGF-1R and Relationship with Epstein-Barr Virus Markers: LMP1 and EBERs in Tunisian Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 129:1011-1019. [PMID: 32468823 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420929362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tunisia is in the endemic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) based assays have been commonly used as standard markers for screening and monitoring the disease. So, it is very important to find novel factors for the early diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of this cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of IGF-1R (Insulin Growth Factor Receptor 1), LMP 1 (Latent Membrane Protein 1) and EBERs (EBV encoded RNAs) in order to determine their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters and survival rates in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We also looked for the relationship between these biomarkers. METHODS IGF-1R and LMP1 expression was performed by means of immunohistochemical method and EBERs were detected using in situ hybridization of paraffin embedded tumor tissues of 94 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 45 non-cancerous nasopharyngeal mucosa samples. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that IGF-1R was over expressed in 47.87% of NPC patients and only in 2.22% of controls. Positive LMP1 expression was detected in 56.38% of NPC patients and all NPC patients were positive for the EBV-encoded RNAs staining. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between IGF-1R expression and the tumor size (P < .001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that NPC patients with a strong IGF-1R expression level have shorter median and 5-year Overall Survival than those with weak expression rates (100.15 vs 102.68 months, P = .08). In addition, median and 5-year Disease-Free Survival was significantly lower in the LMP1 positive NPC patients than in the LMP1 negative ones (53.38 vs 93.37 months, P = .03). Moreover, LMP1 expression correlated strongly with IGF-1R expression (P = .018). The relationship between these two biomarkers could influence patient survival. CONCLUSION IGF1-R and LMP1 could be valuable prognostic markers in Tunisian NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehla Mokni Baizig
- Immuno-Histo-Cytology Laboratory, Salah Azaiz Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Ayoub Wided
- Department of statistics and medical informatics, Salah Azaiz Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa El Amine
- Immuno-Histo-Cytology Laboratory, Salah Azaiz Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Said Gritli
- ENT Department, Salah Azaiz Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michele ElMay
- Research Unit 17/ ES/13, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Zheng H, Chen S, Chen L, Yang HS. IGF-1R inhibition induces MEK phosphorylation to promote survival in colon carcinomas. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:153. [PMID: 32843616 PMCID: PMC7447751 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) governs several signaling pathways for cell proliferation, survival, and anti-apoptosis. Thus, targeting IGF-1R appears as a reasonable rationale for tumor treatment. However, clinical studies showed that inhibition of IGF-1R has very limited efficacy due to the development of resistance to IGF-1R blockade in tumor cells. Here, we discovered that prolonged treatment of colon cancer cells with IGF-1R inhibitors (BMS-754807 and GSK1838705A) stimulates p70 KDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1) activation, a well-known kinase signaling for cell survival. We also found that p70S6K1 activation by IGF-1R inhibition is independent of K-Ras and PIK3CA mutations that frequently occur in colon cancer. Besides the increased p70S6K1 phosphorylation, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) was elevated in the cells treated with BMS-754807. Interestingly, the increases in MEK1/2 and p70S6K1 phosphorylation were also observed when cells were subjected to the treatment of AKT inhibitor or genetic knockdown of AKT2 but not AKT1, suggesting that AKT2 inhibition stimulates MEK1/2 phosphorylation to activate p70S6K1. Conversely, inhibition of MEK1/2 by MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) or knockdown of MEK1 and MEK2 by corresponding mek1 and mek2 siRNA enhanced AKT phosphorylation, indicating mutual inhibition between AKT and MEK. Furthermore, the combination of BMS-754807 and U0126 efficiently decreased the cell viability and increased cleaved caspase 3 and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that the treatment of colon tumor cells with IGF-1R inhibitors stimulates p70S6K1 activity via MEK1/2 to promote survival, providing a new strategy for colorectal cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuntai Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hsin-Sheng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Zhu W, Li MC, Wang FR, Mackenzie GG, Oteiza PI. The inhibitory effect of ECG and EGCG dimeric procyanidins on colorectal cancer cells growth is associated with their actions at lipid rafts and the inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113923. [PMID: 32217102 PMCID: PMC7489796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Epidemiological studies indicate that consumption of fruits and vegetables containing procyanidins is associated with lower CRC risk. This study investigated the capacity of two dimeric procyanidins composed of epicatechin gallate (ECG) or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) isolated from persimmons, to inhibit CRC cell growth and promote apoptosis, characterizing the underlying mechanisms. ECG and EGCG dimers reduced the growth of five human CRC cell lines in a concentration (10-60 μM)- and time (24-72 h)-dependent manner, with a 72 h-IC50 value in Caco-2 cells of 10 and 30 μM, respectively. ECG and EGCG dimers inhibited Caco-2 cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in G2/M phase and by inducing apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, ECG and EGCG dimers inhibited cell migration, invasion, and adhesion, decreasing the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2/9). Mechanistically, ECG and EGCG dimers inhibited the activation of lipid raft-associated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), without affecting its localization at lipid rafts. In particular, ECG and EGCG dimers reduced EGFR phosphorylation at Tyr1068 residue, prevented EGFR dimerization and activation upon stimulation, and induced EGFR internalization both in the absence and presence of EGF. Furthermore, ECG and EGCG dimers increased EGFR phosphorylation at Tyr1045 residue, providing a docking site for ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and induced EGFR degradation by the proteasome. Downstream of EGFR, ECG and EGCG dimers inhibited the activation of the MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, downregulating proteins involved in the modulation of cell survival. In conclusion, ECG and EGCG dimers reduced CRC cell growth by inhibiting EGFR activation at multiple steps, including the disruption of lipid rafts integrity and promoting EGFR degradation. These results shed light on a potential molecular mechanism on how procyanidins-rich diets may lower CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei C Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng R Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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13
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Powell MK, Cempirkova D, Dundr P, Grimmichova T, Trebicky F, E Brown R, Gregorova J, Litschmannova M, Janurova K, Pesta M, Heneberg P. Metformin Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus Correlates with Progression and Survival in Colorectal Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2019; 13:383-392. [PMID: 31896527 PMCID: PMC6940647 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is unfavorably associated with cancer risk. The purpose of this multidisciplinary project was to evaluate a possible association of diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities and their treatment with progression of colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the correlation between pathological characteristics and clinical course, including comorbidities in 1004 Czech patients diagnosed and surgically treated for colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) between 1999 and 2016. RESULTS: In our data set, CRC patients treated with metformin due to coexisting diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) developed fewer distant metastases which clinically correlates with slower CRC progression. Survival in metformin subgroup was longer, particularly in men with CRC. Osteoporosis may be a negative factor of survival in CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings also indicate that aging, higher tumor grade and TNM stage, coexistence of selected endocrine disorders, and metabolic abnormalities may change the tumor microenvironment and impact survival in colorectal cancer, although mechanism of these observations yet to be explained. Patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 treated with metformin may represent the altered microenvironment with specifically tuned metabolic molecular responses and with various epigenetic characteristics. More awareness and increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying the positive effect of metformin on patients' survival could offer insight into new treatment methods and permit more individualized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K Powell
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, Hospital Jablonec Nad Nisou, Jablonec Nad Nisou, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Cempirkova
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Jindrichuv Hradec, Jindrichuv Hradec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Grimmichova
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Medicine Department, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Robert E Brown
- Morphoproteomic Laboratory, UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jana Gregorova
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Na Bulovce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Litschmannova
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Janurova
- IT4Innovations, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pesta
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Robajac D, Križáková M, Masnikosa R, Miljuš G, Šunderić M, Nedić O, Katrlík J. Sensitive glycoprofiling of insulin-like growth factor receptors isolated from colon tissue of patients with colorectal carcinoma using lectin-based protein microarray. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:932-937. [PMID: 31669471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of cell receptors influences their function and development of tumour induces changes in glycosylation. Cell growth depends on the activation of receptors which bind growth factors and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors are among the most important ones. Usually, only small quantities of isolated receptors are available thus there is a need of suitable assay to study receptors glycosylation. Therefore, we developed a lectin-based reverse-phase protein microarray method for screening the glycosylation pattern of receptors in picomolar (pM) concentrations. The method was applied to glycoprofile IGF1 and IGF2 receptors and the solubilised membrane proteins isolated from tumour and non-tumour colon tissue of patients with colorectal cancer. We found that common to both receptors was partial overlapping of the major glycan structures with those present in the entire glycome of membrane proteins. In contrast, receptors possess higher level of α2,3 sialic acid residues and lower level of tri-/tetra-antennary complex type N-glycans and terminal mannose in high-mannose structures. Increased levels of fucosylation and branched mannose structures were observed in both receptors derived from tumour tissue compared to non-tumour tissue. The described method enabling glycan analysis of receptors has a big application potential in e.g. biomarker research, biology and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Robajac
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Križáková
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Romana Masnikosa
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Miljuš
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Šunderić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Nedić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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15
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Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Colorectal Cancer: Could miRNA Dysregulation Play A Role? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122922. [PMID: 31207998 PMCID: PMC6628223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cancer. A recent chapter in epigenetics is represented by microRNAs (miRNAs), which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Dysregulated miRNA profiles have been associated with diseases including obesity and cancer. Herein we report dysregulated miRNAs in obesity both in animal models and in humans, and we also document dysregulated miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC), as example of an obesity-related cancer. Some of the described miRNAs are found to be similarly dysregulated both in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and CRC. Thus, we present miRNAs as a potential molecular link between obesity and CRC onset and development, giving a new perspective on the role of miRNAs in obesity-associated cancers.
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16
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Selfe J, Shipley JM. IGF signalling in germ cells and testicular germ cell tumours: roles and therapeutic approaches. Andrology 2019; 7:536-544. [PMID: 31179642 PMCID: PMC6771568 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays key roles in normal tissue growth and development as well as in the progression of several tumour types and their subsequent growth and progression to a metastatic phenotype. This review explores the role of IGF system in normal germ cell development and function in addition to examining the evidence for deregulation of IGF signalling in cancer, with particular relevance to evidence supporting a role in testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs). Despite the clear preclinical rationale for targeting the IGF axis in cancer, there has been a lack of progress in identifying which patients may benefit from such therapy. Future employment of agents targeting the IGF pathway is expected to concentrate on their use in combination with other treatments to prevent resistance and exploit their potential as chemo- and radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J M Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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17
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Cao Y, Li Z, Mao L, Cao H, Kong J, Yu B, Yu C, Liao W. The use of proteomic technologies to study molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:423-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Zhao B, Wang L, Qiu H, Zhang M, Sun L, Peng P, Yu Q, Yuan X. Mechanisms of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3980-4000. [PMID: 28002810 PMCID: PMC5354808 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) either alone or in combination with chemotherapy is effective for patients with RAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, only a small percentage of mCRC patients are sensitive to anti-EGFR therapy and even the best cases finally become refractory to this therapy. It has become apparent that the RAS mutations correlate with resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. However, these resistance mechanisms only account for nearly 35% to 50% of nonresponsive patients, suggesting that there might be additional mechanisms. In fact, several novel pathways leading to escape from anti-EGFR therapy have been reported in recent years. In this review, we provide an overview of known and novel mechanisms that contribute to both primary and acquired anti-EGFR therapy resistance, and enlist possible treatment strategies to overcome or reverse this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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19
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Metformin transiently inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation as a result of either AMPK activation or increased ROS production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15992. [PMID: 29167573 PMCID: PMC5700100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used and well-tolerated anti-diabetic drug that can reduce cancer risk and improve the prognosis of certain malignancies. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-cancer effect is still unclear. We studied the anti-cancer activity of metformin on colorectal cancer (CRC) by using the drug to treat HT29, HCT116 and HCT116 p53−/− CRC cells. Metformin reduced cell proliferation and migration by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. This was accompanied by a sharp decrease in the expression of c-Myc and down-regulation of IGF1R. The anti-proliferative action of metformin was mediated by two different mechanisms: AMPK activation and increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, which suppressed the mTOR pathway and its downstream targets S6 and 4EBP1. A reduction in CD44 and LGR5 expression suggested that the drug had an effect on tumour cells with stem characteristics. However, a colony formation assay showed that metformin slowed the cells’ ability to form colonies without arresting cell growth, as confirmed by absence of apoptosis, autophagy or senescence. Our finding that metformin only transiently arrests CRC cell growth suggests that efforts should be made to identify compounds that combined with the biguanide can act synergistically to induce cell death.
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20
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Venkatachalam S, Mettler E, Fottner C, Miederer M, Kaina B, Weber MM. The impact of the IGF-1 system of cancer cells on radiation response - An in vitro study. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 7:1-8. [PMID: 29594222 PMCID: PMC5862664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is associated with increased cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and tumorigenicity. Additionally, signaling involved in the resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy originates from IGF-1R. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the IGF-1 system in the radiation response and further evaluate its effect on the expression of DNA repair pathway genes. Methods To inhibit the IGF-1 system, we stably transfected the Caco-2 cell line to express a kinase-deficient IGF-1R mutant. We then studied the effects of this mutation on cell growth, the response to radiation, and clonogenic survival, as well as using a cell viability assay to examine DNA damage and repair. Finally, we performed immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX to examine double-strand DNA breaks and evaluated the expression of 84 key genes involved in DNA repair with a real-time PCR array. Results Mutant IGF-1R cells exhibited significantly blunted cell growth and viability, compared to wild-type cells, as well as reduced clonogenic survival after γ-irradiation. However, mutant IGF-1R cells did not show any significant delays in the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, expression of mutant IGF-1R significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of BRCA2, a major protein involved in homologous recombination DNA repair. Conclusion These results indicate that blocking the IGF-1R-mediated signaling cascade, through the expression of a kinase-deficient IGF-1R mutant, reduces cell growth and sensitizes cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Therefore, the IGF-1R system could be a potential target to enhance radio-sensitivity and the efficacy of cancer treatments.
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Key Words
- BAX, BCL-2-associated X
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BRCA2
- Caco-2-KR4, IGF-1R/KR clone number 4
- Colorectal carcinmoma
- Dominant negative mutant
- HRR, homologous recombination repair
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- IGF-1R/KR, kinase-deficient IGF-1R
- IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1
- Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
- MVP, major vault protein
- NHEJ, non-homologous end joining
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RAD 51
- Radiosensitivity
- SF, surviving fractions
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Mettler
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Christian Fottner
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias M. Weber
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Chen L, Zhu Z, Gao W, Jiang Q, Yu J, Fu C. Systemic analysis of different colorectal cancer cell lines and TCGA datasets identified IGF-1R/EGFR-PPAR-CASPASE axis as important indicator for radiotherapy sensitivity. Gene 2017; 627:484-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Oberthür R, Seemann H, Gehrig J, Rave-Fränk M, Bremmer F, Halpape R, Conradi LC, Scharf JG, Burfeind P, Kaulfuß S. Simultaneous inhibition of IGF1R and EGFR enhances the efficacy of standard treatment for colorectal cancer by the impairment of DNA repair and the induction of cell death. Cancer Lett 2017; 407:93-105. [PMID: 28823963 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are frequent phenomena in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we evaluated the effect and the cellular mechanisms of the simultaneous inhibition of these two RTKs both in vitro and in vivo in addition to a 5-fluoruracil (5-FU)-based radiochemotherapy (RCT), which is a standard treatment scheme for CRC. Using the small molecule inhibitors AEW541 and erlotinib, specific against IGF1R and EGFR, respectively, different CRC cell lines exhibited a reduced survival fraction after RCT, with the highest effect after the simultaneous inhibition of IGF1R/EGFR. In vivo, xenograft mice simultaneously treated with low dose AEW541/erlotinib plus RCT revealed a significant reduction in tumour volume and weight compared with the tumours of mice treated with either AEW541 or erlotinib alone. In vitro, the combined inhibition of IGF1R/EGFR resulted in a stronger reduction of downstream signalling, an increase in DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe after RCT depending on the cell line. Moreover, the existence of IGF1R/EGFR heterodimers in CRC cells and human rectal cancer samples was proven. The heterodimerisation of these RTKs was dependent on the presence of both ligands, IGF-1 and EGF, and functional receptors. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the strategy of targeting both IGF1R and EGFR, in addition to basic RCT, could be of intriguing importance in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Oberthür
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Seemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Gehrig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margret Rave-Fränk
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rovena Halpape
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens-Gerd Scharf
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, HELIOS Hospital Erfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Burfeind
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.
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Bailey KL, Agarwal E, Chowdhury S, Luo J, Brattain MG, Black JD, Wang J. TGFβ/Smad3 regulates proliferation and apoptosis through IRS-1 inhibition in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176096. [PMID: 28414818 PMCID: PMC5393866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have uncovered a novel crosstalk between TGFβ and IGF-1R signaling pathways. We show for the first time that expression and activation of IRS-1, an IGF-1R adaptor protein, is decreased by TGFβ/Smad3 signaling. Loss or attenuation of TGFβ activation leads to elevated expression and phosphorylation of IRS-1 in colon cancer cells, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and increased tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of IRS-1 expression reversed Smad3 knockdown-mediated oncogenic phenotypes, indicating that TGFβ/Smad3 signaling inhibits cell proliferation and increases apoptosis at least partially through the inhibition of IRS-1 expression and activation. Additionally, the TGFβ/Smad3/IRS-1 signaling axis regulates expression of cyclin D1 and XIAP, which may contribute to TGFβ/Smad3/IRS-1-mediated cell cycle progression and survival. Given that loss of TGFβ signaling occurs frequently in colon cancer, an important implication of our study is that IRS-1 could be a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Bailey
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska, United States of America
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiangtao Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Brattain
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jennifer D. Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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MicroRNA-302a enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced cell death in human colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:631-639. [PMID: 27840990 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are needed for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. MicroRNAs are involved in cancer‑pertinent cellular processes, including chemoresistance. As miR‑302a is an embryonic stem cell‑specific microRNA, studies on miR‑302a have focused on its role in human stem cells. Studies analyzing miR‑302 function in cancer are limited. In this study, we used two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, and evaluated the influence of miR‑302a on 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU)‑induced cell death and viability inhibition. With bioinformatics tools, we hypothesized that insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) is a novel target of miR‑302a, which we confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay and immunoblotting. Then, we designed siRNA against IGF‑1R and found that si‑IGF‑1R resembled the effect of miR‑302a on 5‑FU treatment. Both miR‑302a and si‑IGF‑1R inhibited Akt signaling. In conclusion, miR‑302a targeted IGF‑1R and enhanced 5‑FU‑induced cell death and viability inhibition in human colon cancer cells. Targeting miR‑302a may offer new therapeutic interventions in CRC.
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25
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Sclafani F, Kim TY, Cunningham D, Kim TW, Tabernero J, Schmoll HJ, Roh JK, Kim SY, Park YS, Guren TK, Hawkes E, Clarke SJ, Ferry D, Frodin JE, Ayers M, Nebozhyn M, Peckitt C, Loboda A, Watkins DJ. Dalotuzumab in chemorefractory KRAS exon 2 mutant colorectal cancer: Results from a randomised phase II/III trial. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:431-439. [PMID: 27681944 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available on the efficacy of anti-IGF-1R agents in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer (CRC). We analysed the outcome of 69 chemorefractory, KRAS exon 2 mutant CRC patients who were enrolled in a double-blind, randomised, phase II/III study of irinotecan and cetuximab plus dalotuzumab 10 mg/kg once weekly (arm A), dalotuzumab 7.5 mg/kg every second week (arm B) or placebo (arm C). Objective response rate (5.6% vs. 3.1% vs. 4.8%), median progression-free survival (2.7 vs. 2.6 vs. 1.4 months) and overall survival (7.8 vs. 10.3 vs. 7.8 months) were not statistically significantly different between treatment groups. Most common grade ≥3 treatment-related toxicities included neutropenia, diarrhoea, hyperglycaemia, fatigue and dermatitis acneiform. Expression of IGF-1R, IGF-1, IGF-2 and EREG by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was assessed in 351 patients from the same study with available data on KRAS exon 2 mutational status. Median cycle threshold values for all biomarkers were significantly lower (i.e., higher expression, p < 0.05) among patients with KRAS wild-type compared to those with KRAS exon 2 mutant tumours. No significant changes were found according to location of the primary tumour with only a trend towards lower expression of IGF-1 in colon compared to rectal cancers (p = 0.06). Albeit limited by the small sample size, this study does not appear to support a potential role for anti-IGF-1R agents in KRAS exon 2 mutant CRC. Data on IGF-1R, IGF-1 and IGF-2 expression here reported may be useful for patient stratification in future trials with inhibitors of the IGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sclafani
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Tae Y Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - David Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Tae W Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans J Schmoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jae K Roh
- College of Medicine, Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Y Kim
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young S Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tormod K Guren
- Department of Oncology and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eliza Hawkes
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Clarke
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Ferry
- New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Clare Peckitt
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - David J Watkins
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom
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Han L, Zhang GF, Cheng YH, Zhao QC. Correlations of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor I receptor with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with colon cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:1127-1134. [PMID: 27737962 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Economics Division, School of Social and International Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Guo-Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Yue-Hu Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qi-Cheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancerogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:78-104. [PMID: 28528692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family components in carcinogenesis of several human tumors is based on numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies, experiments in vivo and in vitro and on attempts at application of drugs affecting the IGF axis. Investigative hypotheses in original studies were based on biological functions manifested by the entire family of IGF (ligands, receptors, linking proteins, adaptor molecules). In the context of carcinogenesis the most important functions of IGF family involve intensification of proliferation and inhibition of cell apoptosis and effect on cell transformation through synthesis of several regulatory proteins. IGF axis controls survival and influences on metastases of cells. Interactions of IGF axis components may be of a direct or indirect nature. The direct effects are linked to activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, in which the initiating role is first of all played by IGF-1 and IGF-1R. Activity of this signaling pathway leads to an increased mitogenesis, cell cycle progression, and protection against different apoptotic stresses. Indirect effects of the axis depend on interactions between IGF and other molecules important for cancer etiology (e.g. sex hormones, products of suppressor genes, viruses, and other GFs) and the style of life (nutrition, physical activity). From the clinical point of view, components of IGF system are first of all considered as diagnostic serous and/or tissue biomarkers of a given cancer, prognostic factors and attractive target of modern anti-tumor therapies. Several mechanisms in which IGF system components act in the process of carcinogenesis need to be clarified, mainly due to multifactorial etiology of the neoplasms. Pin-pointing of the role played in carcinogenesis by any single signaling pathway remains particularly difficult. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data of several epidemiological studies, experiments in vitro and on animal models, to increase our understanding of the complex role of IGF family components in the most common human cancers.
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Wang W, Li Y, Li S, Wu Z, Yuan M, Wang T, Wang S. Pooling-Based Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Risk Loci in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Endometrioma in Chinese Han Women. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:400-406. [PMID: 27506219 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116657191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, regarded as a complex disease, is influenced by multiple genetic factors. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in endometriosis have identified several susceptibility loci in Caucasian and Japanese populations. However, the overlapped susceptible loci were few. This case-control study tried to identify risk loci-related genes for ovarian endometrioma in Chinese Han women from central China using DNA pooling-based GWAS. Genome DNA samples were extracted from 3038 participants in central China. Pooling-based genome-wide scan and individual genotyping were performed using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and IPLEX Gold system, which demonstrated 10 ovarian endometrioma-related novel risk loci. There were 3 of them with P value < 5 × 10-06, separately locating in intron of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, chromosome 7 open reading frame 50, and Meis homeobox 1. In conclusion, the pooling-based GWAS for ovarian endometrioma identified some novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Chinese Han women of central China. Further assessment in other samples will be crucial to confirm the susceptibility of these results and explore the mechanisms of the related genes in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometrioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Li
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Yao C, Su L, Shan J, Zhu C, Liu L, Liu C, Xu Y, Yang Z, Bian X, Shao J, Li J, Lai M, Shen J, Qian C. IGF/STAT3/NANOG/Slug Signaling Axis Simultaneously Controls Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness Maintenance in Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cells 2016; 34:820-31. [PMID: 26840943 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two milestones in people exploring the nature of malignant tumor in recent decades. Although some studies have presented the potential connections between them, the link details, underneath their superficial correlation, are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a small subpopulation of NANOG-positive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and demonstrated that they exhibited characteristics of CSCs and EMT traits simultaneously. Furthermore, we found that NANOG was a core factor in regulating both of EMT and stemness in CRC cells, NANOG modulate EMT and metastasis by binding to Slug promoter and transcriptionally regulate Slug expression. For the first time, we demonstrated that NANOG was regulated by extracellular IGF signaling pathway via STAT3 phosphorylation in CRC. This coincides with that IGF receptor IGF-1R is often increasing expressed in malignant metastasis colon cancer. Taken together, our data define the crucial functions of IGF/STAT3/NANOG/Slug signaling axis in the progression of CRC by operating EMT and CSCs properties, which make them served as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanlin Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chungang Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ding WZ, Ni QF, Lu YT, Kong LL, Yu JJ, Tan LW, Kong LB. MicroRNA-497 regulates cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1081-1088. [PMID: 26893696 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. MicroRNA-497 (miR-497) is known to be downregulated in several types of human cancer; however, the expression, function and underlying mechanisms of miR-497 in HCC remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated miR-497 expression in HCC samples and HCC-derived cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of one of the predicted common targets of miR-497, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), was assessed using western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. The role of miR-497 in regulating the proliferation of HCC-derived cells was also investigated in vitro and in vivo. Of 60 paired specimens from HCC patients, miR-497 was downregulated in 42 cancer specimens compared with adjacent non-cancer tissues. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that IGF-1R expression was significantly increased in HCC compared to control tissues. In addition, overexpression of miR-497 was observed to inhibit colony formation and tumor growth in MHCC-97H human HCC cells. Conversely, SMMC-7721 human HCC cells transfected with a miR-497 inhibitor exhibited enhanced colony formation and tumor growth. Finally, IGF-1R protein, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway-associated proteins and cyclin pathway-associated proteins were differentially expressed between miR-497-overexpressing cells and miR-497-silenced cells. These results indicate that miR-497 may be a potentially effective gene therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhou Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Ting Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315200, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Liang Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Yu
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Long-Wei Tan
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Bao Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Numata K, Oshima T, Sakamaki K, Yoshihara K, Aoyama T, Hayashi T, Yamada T, Sato T, Cho H, Shiozawa M, Yoshikawa T, Rino Y, Kunisaki C, Akaike M, Imada T, Masuda M. Clinical significance of IGF1R gene expression in patients with Stage II/III gastric cancer who receive curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:415-22. [PMID: 26337161 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment for Stage II/III gastric cancer, and S-1 is widely used for adjuvant chemotherapy. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is involved in cell proliferation and prevention of apoptosis in many tumors. We evaluated the relative expression of the IGF1R gene to determine whether such expression correlates with outcomes in patients with Stage II/III gastric cancer. METHODS We measured the expression levels of the IGF1R gene in specimens of cancer and adjacent normal mucosa obtained from 134 patients with Stage II/III gastric cancer who received curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. We then evaluated whether the IGF1R gene expression levels correlate with clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS IGF1R mRNA expression levels tended to be higher in cancer tissue than in the normal adjacent mucosa (P = 0.078). Multivariate analysis showed that high IGF1R gene expression was a significant independent predictor of poor survival in Stage II/III gastric cancer after curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 (HR 3.681, P = 0.007). The overall survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high IGF1R gene expression than in those with low expression (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS IGF1R overexpression is considered a useful independent predictor of outcomes in Stage II/III gastric cancer after curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Numata
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Sakamaki
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazue Yoshihara
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Cho
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Chikara Kunisaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Makoto Akaike
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Toshio Imada
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
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Skórka A, Moszczyńska E, Kot K, Roszkowski M, Jurkiewicz E, Grajkowska W, Pronicki M, Pilecki O, Szalecki M. Ectopic virilising adrenocortical tumour in the spinal region in an 8 year-old boy: a case report and review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr 2015; 41:62. [PMID: 26329697 PMCID: PMC4557221 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-015-0169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The adrenocortical rest tumours are the very rare entity in the pediatric population. They are usually found along the gonadal descent paths (celiac axis, the broad ligamen, the adnexa of the testes or the spermatic cord). They have been also described to occur at rare ectopic sites like intracranial locations, placenta, kidney, pancreas and liver. Clinical case Here we present a unusual case of an ectopic, virilising, primary adrenocortical tumour localized in the spinal region in a 8 years-old-boy. Discussion This is the first case of functional ectopic, adrenocortical tumour localized in the spinal region in a pediatric population. We discuss here the clinical presentation and the diagnostic challenges and provide the review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Skórka
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Dzialdowska 1, 01-189, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Moszczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Roszkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jurkiewicz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pronicki
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olgierd Pilecki
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Voivodship Children's Hospital, Jana Karola Chodkiewicza 44, 85-667, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Szalecki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, UJK, ul. Żeromskiego 5 25-369, Kielce, Poland
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Curcumol Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer LoVo Cell Line via IGF-1R and p38 MAPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19851-67. [PMID: 26307972 PMCID: PMC4581329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumol, isolated from the traditional medical plant Rhizoma Curcumae, is the bioactive component of Zedoary oil, whose potential anti-tumor effect has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Though many researchers have reported curcumol and its bioactivity, the potential molecular mechanism for its anti-cancer effect in colorectal cancer LoVo cells still remains unclear. In the present study, we found that curcumol showed growth inhibition and induced apoptosis of LoVo cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The occurrence of its proliferation inhibition and apoptosis came with suppression of IGF-1R expression, and then increased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), which might result in a cascade response by inhibiting the CREB survival pathway and finally triggered Bax/Bcl-2 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) apoptosis signals. Moreover, curcumol inhibited colorectal cancer in xenograft models of nude mice. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis revealed that curcumol could decrease the expression of ki-67, Bcl-2 as well as CREB1, and increase the expression of Bax and the phosphorylation of p38, which were consistent with our in vitro study. Overall, our in vitro and in vivo data confirmed the anti-cancer activity of curcumol, which was related to a significant inhibition of IGF-1R and activation of p38 MAPKs, indicating that curcumol may be a potential anti-tumor agent for colorectal carcinoma therapy.
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Kitowska A, Wesserling M, Seroczynska B, Szutowicz A, Ronowska A, Peksa R, Pawelczyk T. Differentiation of high-risk stage I and II colon tumors based on evaluation of CAV1 gene expression. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112:408-14. [PMID: 26251082 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several molecular markers are currently being investigated for their prognostic or predictive value in colorectal cancer. One of the genes proposed, as a potential molecular marker in CRC is CAV1. METHODS The level of CAV1 expression was investigated in low-stage (I and II TNM) colon cancers using Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The level of CAV1 expression increased in tumors characterized by greater depths of invasiveness. The CAV1 expression level detected in tumors with a depth of invasion at stage T4 was significantly higher compared to that in T2 (P = 0.01) and T3 (P = 0.003) lesions. The length of a patient's survival depended on CAV1 expression level; the 10-year survival rate for patients with elevated expression of CAV1 was ∼59% compared with 91% for patients with reduced or unchanged expression of CAV1 (P = 0.007). The overall survival rate of patients with T3 + T4 lesions was significantly lower (P = 0.006) for patients with tumor displaying elevated CAV1 expression compared with patients with reduced or unchanged CAV1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of CAV1 expression offers valuable prognostic information for patients with colorectal cancer, and could be used to select patients with stage I or II disease, who are at increased risk of unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Martyna Wesserling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Seroczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Central Bank of Tissue and Genetic Material, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szutowicz
- Departemnt of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Departemnt of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafal Peksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pawelczyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Heidegger I, Massoner P, Sampson N, Klocker H. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis as an anticancer target in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 367:113-21. [PMID: 26231734 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in males. In recent years, several new targeting agents have been introduced for the treatment of advanced stages of the disease. However, development of resistance limits the efficacy of new drugs and there is a further need to develop additional novel treatment approaches. One of the most investigated targets in cancer research is the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, whose receptors are overexpressed in several cancer entities including PCa. In preclinical studies in PCa, targeting of the IGF axis receptors showed promising anti-tumor effects. Currently available data on clinical studies do not meet the expectations for this new treatment approach. In this review we provide a summary of preclinical and clinical studies on the IGF axis in PCa including treatment with monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Moreover, we summarize preliminary results from ongoing studies and discuss limitations and side effects of the substances used. We also address the role of the IGF axis in the biomarkers setting including IGF-binding proteins and genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Heidegger
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Massoner
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zhou F, Chen X, Fan S, Tai S, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Hao Z, Zhou J, Shi H, Zhang L, Liang C. GSK1838705A, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor inhibitor, induces apoptosis and reduces viability of docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:753-60. [PMID: 25926740 PMCID: PMC4403692 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s79105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the leading malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men. Despite high cure rates with surgery and/or radiation, 30%-40% of patients eventually develop advanced cancer. Docetaxel is one of the most effective and well established chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer. However, docetaxel resistance often develops within months. Combination therapies have been proposed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of docetaxel in prostate cancer, and there is an urgent need to identify agents that are effective for treatment of the disease, especially docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer. In this work, we investigated the activity of GSK1838705A, a potent insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R)/insulin receptor (IR) inhibitor, in prostate cancer, especially docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer. We found that GSK1838705A could effectively reduce the viability of both docetaxel-sensitive and docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. GSK1838705A induced marked apoptosis in docetaxel-resistant cells, and also dramatically inhibited migration of these cells. Further, GSK1838705A significantly inhibited phosphorylation of IGF1R/IR. Importantly, GSK1838705A significantly suppressed docetaxel-resistant PC-3R tumor growth in vivo. This is the first study of GSK1838705A in prostate cancer. Our results indicate that GSK1838705A is a promising compound for the treatment of prostate cancer, especially for those who develop resistance to docetaxel, and might shed new light on treatment for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayou Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China ; Department of Urology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wuhu City, WuHu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqin Jiang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqiang Shi
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway regulates critical biological processes including development, homeostasis, and aging. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in a myriad of diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders, making the IGF-1 signaling pathway a prime target to develop therapeutic and intervention strategies. Recently, small non-coding RNA molecules in ∼22 nucleotide length, microRNAs (miRNAs), have emerged as a new regulator of biological processes in virtually all organ systems and increasing studies are linking altered miRNA function to disease mechanisms. A miRNA binds to 3'UTRs of multiple target genes and coordinately downregulates their expression, thereby exerting a profound influence on gene regulatory networks. Here we review the components of the IGF-1 signaling pathway that are known targets of miRNA regulation, and highlight recent studies that suggest therapeutic potential of these miRNAs against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Jung
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, NY, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, NY, USA ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, NY, USA ; Institute for Aging Research, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, NY, USA
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Chen L, Yang HS. Inhibition of p70S6K1 Activation by Pdcd4 Overcomes the Resistance to an IGF-1R/IR Inhibitor in Colon Carcinoma Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:799-809. [PMID: 25573956 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Agents targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) are being actively examined in clinical trials. Although there has been some initial success of single-agent targeting IGF-1R, attempts in later studies failed because of resistance. This study aimed to understand the effects of programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) on the chemosensitivity of the IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906 in colorectal cancer cells and the mechanism underlying this impact. Using OSI-906-resistant and -sensitive colorectal cancer cells, we found that the Pdcd4 level directly correlates with cell chemosensitivity to OSI-906. In addition, tumors derived from Pdcd4 knockdown cells resist the growth inhibitory effect of OSI-906 in a colorectal cancer xenograft mouse model. Moreover, Pdcd4 enhances the antiproliferative effect of OSI-906 in resistant cells through suppression of p70S6K1 activation. Knockdown of p70S6K1, but not p70S6K2, significantly increases the chemosensitivity of OSI-906 in cultured colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, the combination of OSI-906 and PF-4708671, a p70S6K1 inhibitor, efficiently suppresses the growth of OSI-906-resistant colon tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, activation of p70S6K1 that is inhibited by Pdcd4 is essential for resistance to the IGF-1R inhibitor in colon tumor cells, and the combinational treatment of OSI-906 and PF-4708671 results in enhanced antiproliferation effects in colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, providing a novel venue to overcome the resistance to the IGF-1R inhibitor in treating colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Markey Cancer Center, College of medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hsin-Sheng Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Markey Cancer Center, College of medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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Danielsen SA, Eide PW, Nesbakken A, Guren T, Leithe E, Lothe RA. Portrait of the PI3K/AKT pathway in colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1855:104-21. [PMID: 25450577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PI3K/AKT signaling leads to reduced apoptosis, stimulates cell growth and increases proliferation. Under normal conditions, PI3K/AKT activation is tightly controlled and dependent on both extracellular growth signals and the availability of amino acids and glucose. Genetic aberrations leading to PI3K/AKT hyper-activation are observed at considerable frequency in all major nodes in most tumors. In colorectal cancer the most commonly observed pathway changes are IGF2 overexpression, PIK3CA mutations and PTEN mutations and deletions. Combined, these alterations are found in about 40% of large bowel tumors. In addition, but not mutually exclusive to these, KRAS mutations are observed at a similar frequency. There are however additional, less frequent and more poorly understood events that may also push the PI3K/AKT pathway into overdrive and thus promote malignant growth. Here we discuss aberrations of components at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational level where perturbations may drive excessive PI3K/AKT signaling. Integrating multiple molecular levels will advance our understanding of this cancer critical circuit and more importantly, improve our ability to pharmacologically target the pathway in view of clonal development, tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we revisit the PI3K/AKT pathway cancer susceptibility syndromes, summarize the known aberrations at the different regulatory levels and the prognostic and predictive values of these alterations in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Aske Danielsen
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Wold Eide
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Nesbakken
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tormod Guren
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edward Leithe
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Leiphrakpam PD, Rajput A, Mathiesen M, Agarwal E, Lazenby AJ, Are C, Brattain MG, Chowdhury S. Ezrin expression and cell survival regulation in colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2014; 26:868-79. [PMID: 24462708 PMCID: PMC3974425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer deaths in the United States. A key barrier that prevents better outcomes for this type of cancer as well as other solid tumors is the lack of effective therapies against the metastatic disease. Thus there is an urgent need to fill this gap in cancer therapy. We utilized a 2D-DIGE proteomics approach to identify and characterize proteins that are differentially regulated between primary colon tumor and liver metastatic deposits of the IGF1R-dependent GEO human CRC xenograft, orthotopically implanted in athymic nude mice that may serve as potential therapeutic targets against CRC metastasis. We observed increased expression of ezrin in liver metastasis in comparison to the primary colonic tumor. Increased ezrin expression was further confirmed by western blot and microarray analyses. Ezrin, a cytoskeletal protein belonging to Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) family plays important roles in cell motility, invasion and metastasis. However, its exact function in colorectal cancer is not well characterized. Establishment of advanced GEO cell lines with enhanced liver-metastasizing ability showed a significant increase in ezrin expression in liver metastasis. Increased phosphorylation of ezrin at the T567 site (termed here as p-ezrin T567) was observed in liver metastasis. IHC studies of human CRC patient specimens showed an increased expression of p-ezrin T567 in liver metastasis compared to the primary tumors of the same patient. Ezrin modulation by siRNA, inhibitors and T567A/D point mutations significantly downregulated inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins XIAP and survivin that have been linked to increased aberrant cell survival and metastasis and increased cell death. Inhibition of the IGF1R signaling pathway by humanized recombinant IGF1R monoclonal antibody MK-0646 in athymic mouse subcutaneous xenografts resulted in inhibition of p-ezrin T567 indicating ezrin signaling is downstream of the IGF1R signaling pathway. We identified increased expression of p-ezrin T567 in CRC liver metastasis in both orthotopically implanted GEO tumors as well as human patient specimens. We report for the first time that p-ezrin T567 is downstream of the IGF1R signaling and demonstrate that ezrin regulates cell survival through survivin/XIAP modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premila D Leiphrakpam
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, United States
| | - Ashwani Rajput
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States
| | - Michelle Mathiesen
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, United States
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, United States
| | - Audrey J Lazenby
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983515 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, United States
| | - Chandrakanth Are
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984533 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4533, United States
| | - Michael G Brattain
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, United States.
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, United States.
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Karakolev I, Stanilov N, Miteva L, Jovchev J, Dobreva Z, Stanilova S. Expression of Insuline-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor mRNA in Colorectal Carcinoma Patients. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/50yrtimb.2011.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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42
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Role of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands in glioblastoma. Cells 2014; 3:199-235. [PMID: 24709958 PMCID: PMC4092852 DOI: 10.3390/cells3020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most frequent, aggressive and fatal type of brain tumor. Glioblastomas are characterized by their infiltrating nature, high proliferation rate and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Recently, oncologic therapy experienced a rapid evolution towards “targeted therapy,” which is the employment of drugs directed against particular targets that play essential roles in proliferation, survival and invasiveness of cancer cells. A number of molecules involved in signal transduction pathways are used as molecular targets for the treatment of various tumors. In fact, inhibitors of these molecules have already entered the clinic or are undergoing clinical trials. Cellular receptors are clear examples of such targets and in the case of glioblastoma multiforme, some of these receptors and their ligands have become relevant. In this review, the importance of glioblastoma multiforme in signaling pathways initiated by extracellular tyrosine kinase receptors such as EGFR, PDGFR and IGF-1R will be discussed. We will describe their ligands, family members, structure, activation mechanism, downstream molecules, as well as the interaction among these pathways. Lastly, we will provide an up-to-date review of the current targeted therapies in cancer, in particular glioblastoma that employ inhibitors of these pathways and their benefits.
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Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is responsible for the growth and progression of tumor cells; its overexpression and deregulation of its downstream signaling pathway have been found in many different neoplasms. These characteristics make it an ideal target for cancer treatment. Two classes of EGFR inhibitors, which bind to different parts of this molecule, have been developed and studied: monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab and panitumumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including erlotinib and gefitinib. The effectiveness of these new drugs is considerably reduced by a number of mechanisms of resistance developed by tumor cells. Hence, there is a clear need for better characterization of these processes and finding new therapeutic strategies to make the action of these drugs more incisive. Here, we describe some of the mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors and review the main innovations attempting to overcome these drawbacks.
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Nedić O, Robajac D, Šunderić M, Miljuš G, Đukanović B, Malenković V. Detection and identification of oxidized insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins and receptors in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1195-1200. [PMID: 24051179 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and also the one with the highest mortality rate. Tumor growth is assisted by various growth factors, and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are among the most important. A majority of the IGFs are bound to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their release is dependent on the rate of IGFBP proteolysis. The action of free IGFs is exerted and controlled by binding to cell membrane receptors (IGF-Rs). The objective of this work was to connect two determinants of the CRC pathology: oxidation as a process that underlies tumor development and the members of the IGF system that control it. Carbonyl groups (CO) on IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGF-1R, and IGF-2R were determined in samples obtained from patients with CRC, and IGF-binding properties of these proteins were analyzed. According to our results, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 in serum had increased content of CO groups due to CRC. Oxidation of IGFBP-2 increased its affinity for IGF molecules, whereas oxidation of IGFBP-3 reduced it. As for receptors, only intact CO-IGF-2R was detected on solubilized colon membranes, whereas CO-IGF-1R was degraded into fragments. Oxidative changes in the IGF axis may be regarded as part of the mechanism of its action. IGFs bound to IGFBP-3 remain in the circulation, whereas those bound to IGFBP-2 freely reach target tissues. Therefore, oxidation supports IGF distribution toward tissues and, consequently, promotes tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Nedić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragana Robajac
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Šunderić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Miljuš
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Cappuzzo F, Sacconi A, Landi L, Ludovini V, Biagioni F, D'Incecco A, Capodanno A, Salvini J, Corgna E, Cupini S, Barbara C, Fontanini G, Crinò L, Blandino G. MicroRNA signature in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2013; 13:37-45.e4. [PMID: 24503111 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether microRNAs are predictive of sensitivity to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). METHODS A total of 183 mCRC cases from 2 independent cohorts (cohort 1: 74 cases; validation cohort: 109 cases) treated with cetuximab or panitumumab were included in the study. MiRNA arrays were analyzed using Agilent's miRNA platform. RESULTS The study identified the cluster Let-7c/miR-99a/miR-125b as a signature associated with an outcome different from that of anti-EGFR therapies. In the first cohort, patients with high-intensity signatures had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (6.1 vs. 2.3 mo; P = .02) and longer overall survival (OS) ( 29.8 vs. 7.0 mo, P = .08) than patients with low-intensity signatures. In the validation cohort, patients with high signature had significantly longer PFS and OS than individuals with low-intensity signatures (PFS 7.8 vs. 4.3 mo, P = .02; OS 12.8 vs. 7.5 mo, P = .02). In the KRAS wild-type population (n = 120), high-intensity signature patients had a significantly longer PFS (7.8 vs. 4.6 mo, P = .016) and longer OS (16.1 vs. 10.9 mo, P = .09) than low-signature individuals, with no difference in KRAS mutated patients. CONCLUSION The MiR-99a/Let-7c/miR-125b signature may improve the selection of patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC as good candidates for anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cappuzzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Civil Hospital of Livorno, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Livorno, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Translational Oncogenomic Unit, National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Landi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Civil Hospital of Livorno, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Livorno, Italy
| | - Vienna Ludovini
- S.C. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Translational Oncogenomic Unit, National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Armida D'Incecco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Civil Hospital of Livorno, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Livorno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Capodanno
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, U.O. Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica III Universitaria, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jessica Salvini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Civil Hospital of Livorno, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Livorno, Italy
| | - Enrichetta Corgna
- S.C. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Samanta Cupini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Civil Hospital of Livorno, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Livorno, Italy
| | - Cecilia Barbara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Civil Hospital of Livorno, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Livorno, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, U.O. Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica III Universitaria, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucio Crinò
- S.C. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomic Unit, National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
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Wang Q, Wei F, Lv G, Li C, Liu T, Hadjipanayis CG, Zhang G, Hao C, Bellail AC. The association of TP53 mutations with the resistance of colorectal carcinoma to the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor picropodophyllin. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:521. [PMID: 24182354 PMCID: PMC3840673 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence indicating the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a critical role in the progression of human colorectal carcinomas. IGF-1R is an attractive drug target for the treatment of colon cancer. Picropodophyllin (PPP), of the cyclolignan family, has recently been identified as an IGF-1R inhibitor. The aim of this study is to determine the therapeutic response and mechanism after colorectal carcinoma treatment with PPP. METHODS Seven colorectal carcinoma cell lines were treated with PPP. Following treatment, cells were analyzed for growth by a cell viability assay, sub-G1 apoptosis by flow cytometry, caspase cleavage and activation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by western blot analysis. To examine the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of PPP, mice implanted with human colorectal carcinoma xenografts underwent PPP treatment. RESULTS PPP treatment blocked the phosphorylation of IGF-1R, AKT and ERK and inhibited the growth of TP53 wild-type but not mutated colorectal carcinoma cell lines. The treatment of PPP also induced apoptosis in TP53 wild-type cells as evident by the presence of sub-G1 cells and the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, DNA fragmentation factor-45 (DFF45), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). The loss of BAD phosphorylation in the PPP-treated TP53 wild type cells further suggested that the treatment induced apoptosis through the BAD-mediated mitochondrial pathway. In contrast, PPP treatment failed to induce the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK and caspase cleavage in TP53 mutated colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Finally, PPP treatment suppressed the growth of xenografts derived from TP53 wild type but not mutated colorectal carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS We report the association of TP53 mutations with the resistance of treatment of colorectal carcinoma cells in culture and in a xenograft mouse model with the IGF-1R inhibitor PPP. TP53 mutations often occur in colorectal carcinomas and could be used as a biomarker to predict the resistance of colorectal carcinomas to the treatment by this IGF-1R inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Leiphrakpam PD, Agarwal E, Mathiesen M, Haferbier KL, Brattain MG, Chowdhury S. In vivo analysis of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor humanized monoclonal antibody MK-0646 and small molecule kinase inhibitor OSI-906 in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:87-94. [PMID: 24173770 PMCID: PMC3868504 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and characterization of effective anticancer drugs against colorectal cancer (CRC) is of urgent need since it is the second most common cause of cancer death. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of two IGF-1R antagonists, MK-0646, a recombinant fully humanized monoclonal antibody and OSI-906, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor on CRC cells. Xenograft study was performed on IGF-1R-dependent CRC cell lines for analyzing the antitumor activity of MK-0646 and OSI-906. Tumor proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using Ki67 and TUNEL assays, respectively. We also performed in vitro characterization of MK-0646 and OSI-906 treatment on CRC cells to identify mechanisms associated with drug-induced cell death. Exposure of the GEO and CBS tumor xenografts to MK-0646 or OSI-906 led to a decrease in tumor growth. TUNEL analysis showed an increase of approximately 45-55% in apoptotic cells in both MK-0646 and OSI-906 treated tumor samples. We report the novel finding that treatment with IGF-1R antagonists led to downregulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) protein involved in cell survival and inhibition of cell death. In conclusion, IGF-1R antagonists (MK-0646 and OSI-906) demonstrated single agent inhibition of subcutaneous CRC xenograft growth. This was coupled to pro-apoptotic effects resulting in downregulation of XIAP and inhibition of cell survival. We report a novel mechanism by which MK-0646 and OSI-906 elicits cell death in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, these results indicate that MK-0646 and OSI-906 may be potential anticancer candidates for the treatment of patients with IGF-1R-dependent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premila D Leiphrakpam
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
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Hedrick ED, Agarwal E, Leiphrakpam PD, Haferbier KL, Brattain MG, Chowdhury S. Differential PKA activation and AKAP association determines cell fate in cancer cells. J Mol Signal 2013; 8:10. [PMID: 24083380 PMCID: PMC3853032 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-8-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dependence of malignant properties of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells on IGF1R signaling has been demonstrated and several IGF1R antagonists are currently in clinical trials. Recently, we identified a novel pathway in which cAMP independent PKA activation by TGFβ signaling resulted in the destabilization of survivin/XIAP complex leading to increased cell death. In this study, we evaluated the effect of IGF1R inhibition or activation on PKA activation and its downstream cell survival signaling mechanisms. METHODS Small molecule IGF1R kinase inhibitor OSI-906 was used to test the effect of IGF1R inhibition on PKA activation, AKAP association and its downstream cell survival signaling. In a complementary approach, ligand mediated activation of IGF1R was performed and AKAP/PKA signaling was analyzed for their downstream survival effects. RESULTS We demonstrate that the inhibition of IGF1R in the IGF1R-dependent CRC subset generates cell death through a novel mechanism involving TGFβ stimulated cAMP independent PKA activity that leads to disruption of cell survival by survivin/XIAP mediated inhibition of caspase activity. Importantly, ligand mediated activation of the IGF1R in CRC cells results in the generation of cAMP dependent PKA activity that functions in cell survival by inhibiting caspase activity. Therefore, this subset of CRC demonstrates 2 opposing pathways organized by 2 different AKAPs in the cytoplasm that both utilize activation of PKA in a manner that leads to different outcomes with respect to life and death. The cAMP independent PKA activation pathway is dependent upon mitochondrial AKAP149 for its apoptotic functions. In contrast, Praja2 (Pja2), an AKAP-like E3 ligase protein was identified as a key element in controlling cAMP dependent PKA activity and pro-survival signaling. Genetic manipulation of AKAP149 and Praja2 using siRNA KD had opposing effects on PKA activity and survivin/XIAP regulation. CONCLUSIONS We had identified 2 cytoplasmic pathways dependent upon the same enzymatic activity with opposite effects on cell fate in terms of life and death. Understanding the specific mechanistic functions of IGF1R with respect to determining the PKA survival functions would have potential for impact upon the development of new therapeutic strategies by exploiting the IGF1R/cAMP-PKA survival signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Hedrick
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA.
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Characterization of arsenic trioxide resistant clones derived from Jurkat leukemia T cell line: focus on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:198-211. [PMID: 23911876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in arsenic trioxide (ATO)-treated parental Jurkat cells and also in derived ATO-resistant clones grown in the presence of given ATO concentration was investigated. ATO-resistant clones (cultured for 8-12weeks in the presence of 1, 2.5 and 5μM ATO) were characterized by high viability in the presence of ATO but slower growth rate compared to the parental cells. Morphological and functional characterization of derived ATO-resistant clones revealed that they did not differ fundamentally from parental Jurkat cells in terms of cell size, level of GSH, the lysosomal fluorescence or CD95/Fas surface antigen expression. However, a slight increase in the mitochondrial potential (JC-1 staining) was detected in the clones compared to parental Jurkat cells. Side population analysis (Vybrant DyeCycle Violet™ staining) in ATO resistant clones did not indicate any enrichment withcancer stem cells. Akt1/2, AktV or wortmannin inhibitors decreased viability of ATO-resistant clones grown in the presence of ATO, with no effect on ATO-treated parental cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ATO decreased the level of p-Akt in ATO-treated parental cells, while the resistant clones exhibited higher levels of p-Akt immunostaining than parental Jurkat cells. Expression analysis of 84 genes involved in the PI3K/Akt pathway revealed that this pathway was predominantly active in ATO-resistant clones. c-JUN seems to play a key role in the induction of cell death in ATO-treated parental Jurkat cells, as dose-dependent strong up-regulation of JUN was specific for the ATO-treated parental Jurkat cells. On the other hand, changes in expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase C isoforms (PRKCZ,PRKCB and PRKCA) may be responsible for the induction of resistance to ATO. The changes in expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) observed in ATO-resistant clones suggest a possibility of induction of different mechanisms in development of resistance to ATO depending on the drug concentration and thus involvement of different signaling mediators.
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Zhang R, Xu GL, Li Y, He LJ, Chen LM, Wang GB, Lin SY, Luo GY, Gao XY, Shan HB. The role of insulin-like growth factor 1 and its receptor in the formation and development of colorectal carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:1228-35. [PMID: 23801064 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513487631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and its receptor (IGF1R) in the formation and development of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS Colorectal tissue and matching serum samples were collected from patients with adenomatous polyps or carcinoma and healthy control subjects. IGF1R mRNA levels were determined via quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Serum IGF1 was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum IGF1 concentrations and mucosal IGF1R mRNA levels were significantly higher in patients with adenomatous polyps (n = 24) or carcinoma (n = 13) compared with healthy control subjects (n = 13). There was a significant positive correlation between serum IGF1 and mucosal IGF1R mRNA in patients with adenomatous polyps. CONCLUSIONS High circulating IGF1 concentrations and mucosal IGF1R expression may play important roles in both the formation and development of colorectal carcinoma. IGF1 and its receptor may be activated before carcinogenesis, and may promote the growth and malignant transformation of adenomatous polyps. IGF1 and IGF1R may be useful biomarkers for evaluating the stage and risk of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
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