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Gardner FP, Wainberg ZA, Fountzilas C, Bahary N, Womack MS, Macarulla T, Garrido-Laguna I, Peterson PM, Borazanci E, Johnson M, Ceccarelli M, Pelzer U. Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1b/2 Trial of Nabpaclitaxel + Gemcitabine ± Olaratumab in Treatment-Naïve Participants with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1323. [PMID: 38611000 PMCID: PMC11010910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of olaratumab plus nabpaclitaxel and gemcitabine in treatment-naïve participants with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was evaluated. An initial phase 1b dose-escalation trial was conducted to determine the olaratumab dose for the phase 2 trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to compare overall survival (OS) in the olaratumab arm vs. placebo arms. In phase 1b, 22 participants received olaratumab at doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg with a fixed dose of nabpaclitaxel and gemcitabine. In phase 2, 159 participants were randomized to receive olaratumab 20 mg/kg in cycle 1 followed by 15 mg/kg in the subsequent cycles (n = 81) or the placebo (n = 78) on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle, plus nabpaclitaxel and gemcitabine. The primary objective of the trial was not met, with a median OS of 9.1 vs. 10.8 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.728, 1.527; p = 0.79) and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.5 vs. 6.4 months (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.806, 1.764; p = 0.38), in the olaratumab vs. placebo arms, respectively. The most common treatment-emergent adverse event of any grade across both arms was fatigue. Olaratumab plus chemotherapy failed to improve the OS or PFS in participants with metastatic PDAC. There were no new safety signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathan Bahary
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA;
| | | | - Teresa Macarulla
- Hospital Vall d’Hebrón, Vall d’Hebrón Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Garrido-Laguna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Uwe Pelzer
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Baracani R, Bhaskaran M, Davis SM, Morford L, Luffer-Atlas D. PDGFRα monoclonal antibody: Assessment of toxicity in juvenile mice administered a murine surrogate antibody of olaratumab. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:782-796. [PMID: 36916488 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olaratumab (Lartruvo™) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds PDGFRα. In order to support use of Lartruvo in pediatric patients, a definitive juvenile animal study in neonatal mice was conducted with a human anti-mouse PDGFRα antibody analog of olaratumab (LSN3338786). METHODS A pilot study was used to set doses for the definitive juvenile mouse study. In the definitive study, juvenile mice were administered vehicle, 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg LSN3338786 by subcutaneous (SC) injection every 3 days between postnatal days (PND) 1 and 49, for a total of 17 doses. Blood samples were collected on PND 49 for antibody analysis and toxicokinetic evaluation. Tissues were collected on PND 52 for histopathologic examination. RESULTS Results of the pilot study indicated that dosing neonatal mice starting on PND 1 via SC administration every 3 days was logistically feasible, produced exposures consistent with prior animal studies, and the selected dose levels were well tolerated by juvenile mice. In the definitive juvenile study, there were no LSN3338786-related deaths, clinical findings, and no effects on mean body weights, body weight gains, or food consumption. Additionally, there were no adverse LSN3338786-related hematology findings, and no macroscopic, organ weight, or microscopic findings of note. The highest dose evaluated, 150 mg/kg, was considered the NOAEL for juvenile toxicity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the juvenile animal studies did not identify any new toxicities or increased sensitivities for the intended pediatric patient population. The use of the surrogate antibody approach in a standard rodent model enabled the de-risking of theoretical concerns for toxicity in pediatric patients due to disruption of the PDGFRα pathway during early human development, such as pulmonary development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj Bhaskaran
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - LaRonda Morford
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Debra Luffer-Atlas
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Cruz Da Silva E, Mercier MC, Etienne-Selloum N, Dontenwill M, Choulier L. A Systematic Review of Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapies in Phases II, III, IV Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1795. [PMID: 33918704 PMCID: PMC8069979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive glial tumor, is currently treated as first line by the Stupp protocol, which combines, after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For recurrent GBM, in absence of standard treatment or available clinical trials, various protocols including cytotoxic drugs and/or bevacizumab are currently applied. Despite these heavy treatments, the mean overall survival of patients is under 18 months. Many clinical studies are underway. Based on clinicaltrials.org and conducted up to 1 April 2020, this review lists, not only main, but all targeted therapies in phases II-IV of 257 clinical trials on adults with newly diagnosed or recurrent GBMs for the last twenty years. It does not involve targeted immunotherapies and therapies targeting tumor cell metabolism, that are well documented in other reviews. Without surprise, the most frequently reported drugs are those targeting (i) EGFR (40 clinical trials), and more generally tyrosine kinase receptors (85 clinical trials) and (ii) VEGF/VEGFR (75 clinical trials of which 53 involving bevacizumab). But many other targets and drugs are of interest. They are all listed and thoroughly described, on an one-on-one basis, in four sections related to targeting (i) GBM stem cells and stem cell pathways, (ii) the growth autonomy and migration, (iii) the cell cycle and the escape to cell death, (iv) and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Marie-Cécile Mercier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
- Service de Pharmacie, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Laurence Choulier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
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Yeeravalli R, Das A. Molecular mediators of breast cancer metastasis. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2021; 14:275-289. [PMID: 33744312 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate of malignancy in women worldwide. A major clinical challenge faced by patients with breast cancer treated by conventional therapies is frequent relapse. This relapse has been attributed to the cancer stem cell (CSC) population that resides within the tumor and possess stemness properties. Breast CSCs are generated when breast cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition resulting in aggressive, highly metastatic, and invasive phenotypes that exhibit resistance towards chemotherapeutics. Metastasis, a phenomenon that aids in the migration of breast CSCs, occurs through any of three different routes: hematogenous, lymphatic, and transcoelomic. Hematogenous dissemination of breast CSCs leads to metastasis towards distant unrelated organs like lungs, liver, bone, and brain causing secondary tumor generation. Activation of metastasis genes or silencing of metastasis suppressor genes often leads to the advancement of metastasis. This review focuses on various genes and molecular factors that have been implicated to regulate organ-specific breast cancer metastasis by defying the available therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.
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Galluzzi L, Vacchelli E, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zucman-Rossi J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Trial Watch: Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:28-37. [PMID: 22720209 DOI: 10.4161/onci.1.1.17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of hybridoma technology, dating back to 1975, monoclonal antibodies have become an irreplaceable diagnostic and therapeutic tool for a wide array of human diseases. During the last 15 years, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved by FDA for cancer therapy. These mAbs are designed to (1) activate the immune system against tumor cells, (2) inhibit cancer cell-intrinsic signaling pathways, (3) bring toxins in the close proximity of cancer cells, or (4) interfere with the tumor-stroma interaction. More recently, major efforts have been made for the development of immunostimulatory mAbs that either enhance cancer-directed immune responses or limit tumor- (or therapy-) driven immunosuppression. Some of these antibodies, which are thought to facilitate tumor eradication by initiating or sustaining a tumor-specific immune response, have already entered clinical trials. In this Trial Watch, we will review and discuss the clinical progress of the most important mAbs that are have entered clinical trials after January 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Van Tine BA, Govindarajan R, Attia S, Somaiah N, Barker SS, Shahir A, Barrett E, Lee P, Wacheck V, Ramage SC, Tap WD. Incidence and Management of Olaratumab Infusion-Related Reactions. J Oncol Pract 2019; 15:e925-e933. [PMID: 31268811 PMCID: PMC6851793 DOI: 10.1200/jop.18.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Olaratumab is a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 antibody against platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α. We report the nature and frequency of infusion-related reactions (IRRs) with olaratumab in clinical trials and postmarketing reports. METHODS: Data from patients exposed to olaratumab across nine clinical trials were reviewed for IRRs. Blood samples were also analyzed for pre-existing immunoglobulin E anti–galactose-α-1,3-galactose (anti–α-Gal) antibodies. RESULTS: In the clinical trials, IRRs were identified in 70 of 485 patients (14.4%). The most frequent symptoms included flushing, fever or chills, and dyspnea. For 68 of 70 patients (97.1%), the first IRR occurred during the first two cycles of treatment. Grade 3 or worse IRRs were reported in 11 patients (2.3%), all during the first infusion and usually within 15 minutes of the start of the infusion. One IRR-related fatality (0.2%) occurred in a nonpremedicated patient with grade 3 or worse cardiac comorbidities. There was an association between grade 3 or worse IRRs and pre-existing anti–α-Gal antibodies, with a trend toward higher IRR rates in US geographies known to have a higher prevalence of anti–α-Gal antibodies. IRRs in postmarketing reports were consistent in nature and severity with those in the clinical trials. CONCLUSION: Premedication with corticosteroids and antihistamines should occur in all patients before olaratumab infusion, as indicated in labels in the United States and the European Union. Patients receiving olaratumab should be monitored for IRRs in a setting where resuscitation equipment is available for the treatment of IRRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neeta Somaiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Care Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William D Tap
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Mo G, Baldwin JR, Luffer-Atlas D, Ilaria RL, Conti I, Heathman M, Cronier DM. Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Olaratumab, an Anti-PDGFRα Human Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Advanced and/or Metastatic Cancer. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019. [PMID: 28620891 PMCID: PMC5814542 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Olaratumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα). In a randomized phase II study, olaratumab plus doxorubicin met its predefined primary endpoint for progression-free survival and achieved a highly significant improvement in overall survival versus doxorubicin alone in patients with advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS). In this study, we characterize the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of olaratumab in a cancer patient population. Methods Olaratumab was tested at 15 or 20 mg/kg in four phase II studies (in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, STS, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors) as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. PK sampling was performed to measure olaratumab serum levels. PK data were analyzed by nonlinear mixed-effect modeling techniques using NONMEM®. Results The PKs of olaratumab were best described by a two-compartment PK model with linear clearance (CL). Patient body weight was found to have a significant effect on both CL and central volume of distribution (V1), whereas tumor size significantly affected CL. A small subset of patients developed treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies (TE-ADAs); however, TE-ADAs did not have any effect on CL or PK time course of olaratumab. There was no difference in the PKs of olaratumab between patients who received olaratumab as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. Conclusion The PKs of olaratumab were best described by a model with linear disposition. Patient body weight and tumor size were found to be significant covariates. The PKs of olaratumab were not affected by immunogenicity or chemotherapeutic agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0562-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Mo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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8
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Randomised phase II study of second-line olaratumab with mitoxantrone/prednisone versus mitoxantrone/prednisone alone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2019; 107:186-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Luffer-Atlas D, Reddy VR, Hilbish KG, Grace CE, Breslin WJ. PDGFRα monoclonal antibody: Assessment of embryo-fetal toxicity and time-dependent placental transfer of a murine surrogate antibody of olaratumab in mice. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:1358-1371. [PMID: 30367709 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olaratumab (Lartruvo™) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds PDGFRα. The maternal and in utero embryo-fetal toxicity and toxicokinetics of a human anti-mouse PDGFRα antibody (LSN3338786) were investigated in pregnant mice. METHODS A pilot study was used to set doses for the definitive study. In the definitive study, mice were administered vehicle, 5, 50, or 150 mg/kg LSN3338786 by intravenous injection on gestation days (GD) 6, 9, 12, and 15. Fetal tissues and/or serum samples were collected on GD 10, 12, 15, and 18 to evaluate exposure of antibody. RESULTS There were no adverse maternal effects at 50 and 150 mg/kg although maternal deaths and adverse clinical signs were observed at 5 mg/kg. LSN3338786 crossed the placenta as early as GD 10 during organogenesis. Elimination half-life of LSN3338786 in dams decreased between GD 6 and 15. On GD 18, fetal serum concentrations of antibody were substantially higher than maternal serum concentrations at all doses. Increased incidences of malformations consisting of open and partially open eye and increased incidences of skeletal variation frontal/parietal additional ossification site occurred in fetuses from mid- and high-dose groups. CONCLUSIONS The majority of transplacental migration of antibody occurred in concert with rapid maternal serum clearance before parturition. The no-observed effect level for teratogenicity of 5 mg/kg was associated with GD 15 maternal serum concentrations 3-11 times lower than clinical exposure of olaratumab, suggesting that olaratumab may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayapal R Reddy
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kim G Hilbish
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - William J Breslin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Bonilla L, Oza A, Lheureux S. Emerging growth factor receptor antagonists for ovarian cancer treatment. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2018. [PMID: 29528256 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2018.1446942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. EOC outcomes remain unsatisfactory despite aggressive surgical approach, disease chemo-sensitivity and recent introduction of agents targeting angiogenesis and tumour genome instability. Advances in EOC research have allowed for a tailored treatment approach and accelerated development of novel treatments strategies from bench to bed side, anticipated to improve patient outcomes. Areas covered: Comprehensive review of growth factor receptor antagonists for EOC treatment currently in different stages of development was performed. English peer-reviewed articles and abstracts were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and major conferences. We focused on agents that antagonize growth factors promoting sustained proliferative signaling, angiogenesis and evasion of immune destruction blocking the receptor or its stimulating factors. Expert opinion: Receptor signaling has been well characterized for most cancer generating pathways. Growth receptor antagonists are represented by both high receptor affinity monoclonal antibodies as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors; both are especially effective when a related predictive biomarker of response is identified. Therefore, along with the promising development of novel receptor antagonists or modulators in EOC treatment, targeting essential growth pathways in the tumour and associated microenvironment, is fundamental for biomarker discovery and towards achieving significant improvements in response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bonilla
- a Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , Toronto , Canada
| | - Amit Oza
- a Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , Toronto , Canada
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Moroncini G, Maccaroni E, Fiordoliva I, Pellei C, Gabrielli A, Berardi R. Developments in the management of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma - olaratumab in context. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:833-842. [PMID: 29497315 PMCID: PMC5820470 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lartruvo® (olaratumab) is a fully human immunoglobulin G subclass 1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody that inhibits platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). The antitumor activity of olaratumab has been tested in vitro and in vivo, and inhibition of tumor growth has been observed in cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma and leiomyosarcoma cells. It represents the first-in-class antibody to be approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of advanced soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) in combination with doxorubicin, based on the results of the Phase Ib/II trial by Tap et al. The median progression-free survival (PFS), which was the primary end point of the study, was improved for patients treated with olaratumab plus doxorubicin compared to those treated with doxorubicin monotherapy (6.6 vs 4.1 months, respectively; HR 0.672, 95% CI 0.442-1.021, p=0.0615). Moreover, final analysis of overall survival (OS) showed a median OS of 26.5 months with olaratumab plus doxorubicin vs 14.7 months with doxorubicin, with a gain of 11.8 months (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30-0.71, p=0.0003). In October 2016, olaratumab was admitted in the Accelerated Approval Program by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in combination with doxorubicin for the treatment of adult patients with STSs. In November 2016, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) granted conditional approval for olaratumab in the same indication under its Accelerated Assessment Program. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized Phase III study (ANNOUNCE trial, NCT02451943) is being performed in order to confirm the survival advantage of olaratumab and to provide definitive drug confirmation by regulators. The study is ongoing, but enrollment is closed. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the rationale of olaratumab in the treatment of advanced STSs and its emerging role in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Moroncini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Maccaroni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fiordoliva
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Pellei
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
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Wagner M, Wuest M, Hamann I, Lopez-Campistrous A, McMullen TPW, Wuest F. Molecular imaging of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) in papillary thyroid cancer using immuno-PET. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 58:51-58. [PMID: 29367096 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) was recently identified as a molecular switch for dedifferentiation in thyroid cancer that predicts resistance to therapy as well as recurrence of disease in papillary thyroid cancer. Here we describe the radiolabeling and functional characterization of an imaging probe based on a PDGFRα-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) for immuno-PET imaging of PDGFRα in papillary thyroid cancer. METHODS Antibody D13C6 (Cell Signaling) was decorated with chelator NOTA using bioconjugation reaction with 2-(p-NCS-Bz)-NOTA. Radiolabeling was carried out using 40 μg of antibody-NOTA conjugate with 143-223 MBq of [64Cu]CuCl2 in 0.25 M NaOAc (pH 5.5) at 30 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was purified with size-exclusion chromatography (PD-10 column). PDGFRα and mock transfected B-CPAP thyroid cancer cells lines for validation of 64Cu-labeled immuno-conjugates were generated using LVX-Tet-On technology. PET imaging was performed in NSG mice bearing bilaterally-induced PDGFRα (+/-) B-CPAP tumors. RESULTS Bioconjugation of NOTA chelator to monoclonal antibody D13C6 resulted in 2.8 ± 1.3 chelator molecules per antibody as determined by radiometric titration with 64Cu. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-D13C6 was isolated in high radiochemical purity (>98%) and good radiochemical yields (19-61%). The specific activity was 0.9-5.1 MBq/μg. Cellular uptake studies revealed a specific radiotracer uptake in PDGFRα expressing cells compared to control cells. PET imaging resulted in SUVmean values of ~5.5 for PDGFRα (+) and ~2 for PDGFRα (-) tumors, after 48 h p.i.. After 1 h, radiotracer uptake was also observed in the bone marrow (SUVmean ~5) and spleen (SUVmean ~8.5). CONCLUSION Radiolabeled antibody [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-D13C6 represents a novel and promising radiotracer for immuno-PET imaging of PDGFRα in metastatic papillary thyroid cancer. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE The presented work has the potential to allow physicians to identify papillary thyroid cancer patients at risk of metastases by using the novel immuno-PET imaging assay based on PDGFRα-targeting antibody [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-D13C6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagner
- University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ingrit Hamann
- University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ana Lopez-Campistrous
- University of Alberta, Department of Surgery, 2D4.41 Walter Mackenzie Centre 8440- 112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Todd P W McMullen
- University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; University of Alberta, Department of Surgery, 2D4.41 Walter Mackenzie Centre 8440- 112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Frank Wuest
- University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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Davis EJ, Chugh R. Spotlight on olaratumab in the treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma: design, development, and place in therapy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:3579-3587. [PMID: 29263653 PMCID: PMC5732568 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise from mesenchymal tissue. The prognosis of metastatic STS is poor with a life expectancy of 12–18 months. The mainstay of treatment is chemotherapy with an anthracycline. The addition of other chemotherapeutic agents to an anthracycline has been studied with limited success in improving outcomes for STS patients. Olaratumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α) preventing binding of its ligands and receptor activation. This drug recently received the US Food and Drug Administration’s accelerated approval for the treatment of advanced STS when combined with doxorubicin. This approval was based upon an improvement in overall survival of patients receiving the combination of doxorubicin and olaratumab compared to those receiving doxo-rubicin alone. In this review, we have analyzed the available literature on the development of olaratumab, its clinical utility, and its place in therapy. Based on early-phase clinical trials, olaratumab appears to be a promising agent for the treatment of STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Rashmi Chugh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Pender A, Jones RL. Olaratumab: a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-blocking antibody for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. Clin Pharmacol 2017; 9:159-164. [PMID: 29270033 PMCID: PMC5720043 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s130178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome of patients with unresectable or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) remains poor with few treatment options. A number of randomized trials in the first-line setting have shown no difference in overall survival between combination anthracycline schedules and single-agent doxorubicin. A Phase Ib/randomized Phase II trial of doxorubicin with or without the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα)-blocking antibody, olaratumab, demonstrated a significant difference in median overall survival in favor of the olaratumab arm. The results of this trial led to the approval of olaratumab in combination with doxorubicin in adult anthracycline-naïve unresectable STS. In this review, we discuss the potential role of PDGFRα signaling, early clinical data with olaratumab in sarcomas, the Phase Ib/II trial and ongoing trials with olaratumab in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pender
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust.,Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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15
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Okuno SH, Maran A, Robinson SI. Olaratumab for the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 17:883-887. [PMID: 28862476 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1374857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olaratumab, a human monoclonal antibody against platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR- α), is the first drug that in combination with doxorubicin for the treatment of patients with advanced/metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that has showed an improved overall survival compared to doxorubicin alone. These initial results are exciting and have the potential to change the landscape of treatment for patients with STS. Areas covered: This article reviews the development of olaratumab for oncology use by reviewing articles in PubMed for 'platelet derived growth factor' and 'receptor' and 'soft tissue sarcoma'. We provide an overview of the published studies to date for olaratumab and specifically the use in soft tissue sarcoma. Expert commentary: Olaratumab is a well-tolerated drug that, when combined with doxorubicin, has shown an improved overall survival compared to doxorubicin alone and the phase III confirmatory study is eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Okuno
- a Department of Oncology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN USA
| | - Avudaiappan Maran
- b Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN USA
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16
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Pender A, Jones RL. Olaratumab for the treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma. Future Oncol 2017; 13:2151-2157. [PMID: 28745071 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome for patients with unresectable/metastatic soft tissue sarcoma remains poor with few treatment options. In the first line setting, a number of randomized trials have shown no difference in overall survival between combination anthracycline schedules and single agent doxorubicin. A Phase Ib/randomized Phase II trial of doxorubicin with or without the monoclonal antibody to PDGFR-α, olaratumab, demonstrated a significant difference in median overall survival in favor of the olaratumab arm. The results of this trial led to approval of olaratumab in combination with doxorubicin in adult anthracycline-naive unresectable soft tissue sarcoma. In this review, we describe some of the preclinical and early clinical data of olaratumab in sarcomas, the Phase Ib/II trial and ongoing trials with olaratumab in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pender
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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17
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Kikuchi A, Pradhan-Sundd T, Singh S, Nagarajan S, Loizos N, Monga SP. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α Contributes to Human Hepatic Stellate Cell Proliferation and Migration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2273-2287. [PMID: 28734947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), a tyrosine kinase receptor, is up-regulated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during chronic liver injury. HSCs mediate hepatic fibrosis through their activation from a quiescent state partially in response to profibrotic growth factors. HSC activation entails enhanced expression of profibrotic genes, increase in proliferation, and increase in motility, which facilitates migration within the hepatic lobule. We show colocalization of PDGFRα in murine carbon tetrachloride, bile duct ligation, and 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine models of chronic liver injury, and investigate the role of PDGFRα on proliferation, profibrotic gene expression, and migration in primary human HSCs (HHSteCs) using the PDGFRα-specific inhibitory monoclonal antibody olaratumab. Although lacking any effects on HHSteC transdifferentiation assessed by gene expression of ACTA2, TGFB1, COL1A1, SYP1, and FN1, olaratumab specifically reduced HHSteC proliferation (AlamarBlue assay) and cell migration (transwell migration assays). Using phospho-specific antibodies, we show that olaratumab attenuates PDGFRα activation in response to PDGF-BB, and reduced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, Elk-1, p38, Akt, focal adhesion kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin, C10 regulator of kinase II, and C10 regulator of kinase-like, suggesting that PDGFRα contributes to mitogenesis and actin reorganization through diverse downstream effectors. Our findings support a distinct contribution of PDGFRα signaling to HSC proliferation and migration and provide evidence that inhibition of PDGFRα signaling could alter the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nick Loizos
- Department of Immunology, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Gerber DE, Swanson P, Lopez-Chavez A, Wong L, Dowlati A, Pennell NA, Cronier DM, Qin A, Ilaria R, Cosaert J, Shahir A, Baggstrom MQ. Phase II study of olaratumab with paclitaxel/carboplatin (P/C) or P/C alone in previously untreated advanced NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2017; 111:108-115. [PMID: 28838379 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) mediates angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and tumor interstitial pressure. Olaratumab (IMC-3G3) is a fully human anti-PDGFRα monoclonal antibody. This Phase II study assessed safety and efficacy of olaratumab+paclitaxel/carboplatin (P/C) versus P/C alone for previously untreated advanced NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients received up to six 21-day cycles of P 200mg/m2 and C AUC 6 (day 1)±olaratumab 15mg/kg (days 1 and 8). Primary endpoint was PFS. Olaratumab was continued in the olaratumab+P/C arm until disease progression. RESULTS 131 patients were: 67 with olaratumab+P/C and 64 with P/C; 74% had nonsquamous NSCLC. Median PFS was similar between olaratumab+P/C and P/C (4.4 months each) (HR 1.29; 95% CI [0.86-1.93]; p=0.21). Median OS was similar between olaratumab+P/C (11.8 months) and P/C (11.5 months) (HR 1.04; 95% CI [0.68-1.57]; p=0.87). Both arms had similar toxicity profiles. All evaluable cases were PDGFR-negative by immunohistochemistry. Tumor stroma PDGFR expression was evaluable in 23/131 patients, of which 78% were positive. CONCLUSIONS The addition of olaratumab to P/C did not result in significant prolongation of PFS or OS in advanced NSCLC. Olaratumab studies in other patient populations, including soft tissue sarcoma (NCT02783599), pancreatic cancer (NCT03086369), and pediatric malignancies (NCT02677116) are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Gerber
- The University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Harry Hines Blvd., Mail Code 8852, Dallas, TX 75390-8852, USA.
| | - Paul Swanson
- Hematology/Oncology Associates of the Treasure Coast, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34952, USA.
| | | | - Lucas Wong
- Scott & White Clinic, Hematology-Oncology, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | | | | - Amy Qin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
| | | | - Jan Cosaert
- Sotio a.s., 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic.
| | - Ashwin Shahir
- Eli Lilly and Company, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Teyssonneau
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
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20
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Holzer TR, O'Neill Reising L, Credille KM, Schade AE, Oakley GJ. Variability in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Antibody Specificity May Impact Clinical Utility of Immunohistochemistry Assays. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 64:785-810. [PMID: 27837159 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416673979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFRα) is implicated in several types of cancer. Inhibition of the PDGFRα pathway may be a beneficial therapy, and detection of PDGFRα in tumor biopsies may lead to insights about which patients respond to therapy. Exploratory or clinical biomarker use of PDGFRα IHC has been frequently reported, often with polyclonal antibody sc-338. An sc-338-based assay was systematically compared with anti-PDGFRα rabbit monoclonal antibody D13C6 using immunoblot profiling and IHC in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tumor cell lines. Application of sc-338 to blots of whole cell lysates showed multiple bands including some of unknown origin, whereas application of D13C6 resulted in a prominent band at the expected molecular mass of PDGFRα. The IHC assay using D13C6 showed appropriate staining in cell lines, whereas the assay using sc-338 suggested nonspecific detection of proteins. An optimized IHC assay using D13C6 showed a range of staining in the tumor stromal compartment in lung and ovarian carcinomas. These observations suggest that use of clone sc-338 produced unreliable results and should not be used for an IHC research grade assay. In addition, this precludes its use as a potential antibody for a clinical diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Holzer
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
| | - Leslie O'Neill Reising
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
| | - Kelly M Credille
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
| | - Andrew E Schade
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
| | - Gerard J Oakley
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
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21
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22
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Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Pellizzari G, Spicer JF, Montes A, Karagiannis SN. Therapeutic targets and new directions for antibodies developed for ovarian cancer. MAbs 2016; 8:1437-1455. [PMID: 27494775 PMCID: PMC5098446 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1219005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapeutics against different target antigens are widely used in the treatment of different malignancies including ovarian carcinomas, but this disease still requires more effective agents. Improved understanding of the biological features, signaling pathways, and immunological escape mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer has emerged in the past few years. These advances, including an appreciation of the cross-talk between cancer cells and the patient's immune system, have led to the identification of new targets. In turn, potential antibody treatments with various mechanisms of action, including immune activation or toxin-delivery, that are directed at these targets have been developed. Here, we identify established as well as novel targets for antibodies in ovarian cancer, and discuss how they may provide fresh opportunities to identify interventions with enhanced therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Bax
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK.,b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK.,b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK.,b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - James F Spicer
- b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Ana Montes
- c Department of Medical Oncology , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
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Platelet Derived Growth Factor Has a Role in Pressure Induced Bladder Smooth Muscle Cell Hyperplasia and Acts in a Paracrine Way. J Urol 2015; 194:1797-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dalvi PN, Gupta VG, Griffin BR, O'Brien-Ladner A, Dhillon NK. Ligand-Independent Activation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β during Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Transactivator of Transcription and Cocaine-Mediated Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:336-45. [PMID: 25569182 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0369oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study supports an additive effect of cocaine to human immunodeficiency virus infection in the development of pulmonary arteriopathy through enhancement of proliferation of pulmonary smooth muscle cells (SMCs), while also suggesting involvement of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) activation in the absence of further increase in PDGF-BB ligand. Redox-related signaling pathways have been shown to regulate tyrosine kinase receptors independent of ligand binding, so we hypothesized that simultaneous treatment of SMCs with transactivator of transcription (Tat) and cocaine may be able to indirectly activate PDGFR through modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) without the need for PDGF binding. We found that blocking the binding of ligand using suramin or monoclonal IMC-3G3 antibody significantly reduced ligand-induced autophosphorylation of Y1009 without affecting ligand-independent transphosphorylation of Y934 residue on PDGFRβ in human pulmonary arterial SMCs treated with both cocaine and Tat. Combined treatment of human pulmonary arterial SMCs with cocaine and Tat resulted in augmented production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide when compared with either treatment alone. Inhibition of this ROS generation prevented cocaine- and Tat-mediated Src activation and transphosphorylation of PDGFRβ at Y934 without any changes in phosphorylation of Y1009, in addition to attenuation of smooth muscle hyperplasia. Furthermore, pretreatment with an Src inhibitor, PP2, also suppressed cocaine- and Tat-mediated enhanced Y934 phosphorylation and smooth muscle proliferation. Finally, we report total abrogation of cocaine- and Tat-mediated synergistic increase in cell proliferation on inhibition of both ligand-dependent and ROS/Src-mediated ligand-independent phosphorylation of PDGFRβ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayalaxmi G Gupta
- 2 Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | | | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Departments of 1 Internal Medicine and.,2 Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Mohindra N, Agulnik M. Targeted therapy and promising novel agents for the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1409-18. [PMID: 26289790 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1076792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare and difficult to treat malignancy. Efforts to utilize targeted therapy have been ongoing for the last decade and have resulted in the approval of pazopanib for treatment of advanced disease. Although several other agents have been investigated, the inability to predict responses remains a limiting factor to the incorporation of these agents into treatment. AREAS COVERED The authors summarize recent clinical findings from studies focused on targeted agents in STS. The authors also discuss the potential approaches and ongoing clinical trials with novel agents. EXPERT OPINION A major challenge in the treatment of advanced STS remains a lack of predictive biomarkers to guide therapy and the heterogeneity of response among different histologies of sarcoma. Incorporation of predictive biomarker analysis into clinical trials is warranted. Additionally, mechanisms of treatment resistance and parallel pathways of tumor growth pose challenges in how we treat these tumors. An active area of research in STS is the use of novel combinations of agents, such as chemotherapy combined with multi-targeted agents. The potential of immune check point inhibitors is being explored in advanced STS and is hoped to further expand our treatment armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mohindra
- a 1 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Agulnik
- b 2 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology , 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 850, Chicago, IL 60611, USA +1 31 2695 1222 ; +1 31 2695 6189 ;
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Alifieris C, Trafalis DT. Glioblastoma multiforme: Pathogenesis and treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 152:63-82. [PMID: 25944528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Each year, about 5-6 cases out of 100,000 people are diagnosed with primary malignant brain tumors, of which about 80% are malignant gliomas (MGs). Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounts for more than half of MG cases. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite current multimodality treatment efforts including maximal surgical resection if feasible, followed by a combination of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, the median survival is short: only about 15months. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumors has presented opportunities for newer therapies to evolve and an expectation of better control of this disease. Lately, efforts have been made to investigate tumor resistance, which results from complex alternate signaling pathways, the existence of glioma stem-cells, the influence of the blood-brain barrier as well as the expression of 0(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. In this paper, we review up-to-date information on MGs treatment including current approaches, novel drug-delivering strategies, molecular targeted agents and immunomodulative treatments, and discuss future treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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27
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Lu-Emerson C, Duda DG, Emblem KE, Taylor JW, Gerstner ER, Loeffler JS, Batchelor TT, Jain RK. Lessons from anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor trials in patients with glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:1197-213. [PMID: 25713439 PMCID: PMC4517055 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.9575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, remains a significant unmet need in oncology. Historically, cytotoxic treatments provided little durable benefit, and tumors recurred within several months. This has spurred a substantial research effort to establish more effective therapies for both newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. In this context, antiangiogenic therapy emerged as a promising treatment strategy because GBMs are highly vascular tumors. In particular, GBMs overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a proangiogenic cytokine. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated promising radiographic response rates, delayed tumor progression, and a relatively safe profile for anti-VEGF agents. However, randomized phase III trials conducted to date have failed to show an overall survival benefit for antiangiogenic agents alone or in combination with chemoradiotherapy. These results indicate that antiangiogenic agents may not be beneficial in unselected populations of patients with GBM. Unfortunately, biomarker development has lagged behind in the process of drug development, and no validated biomarker exists for patient stratification. However, hypothesis-generating data from phase II trials that reveal an association between increased perfusion and/or oxygenation (ie, consequences of vascular normalization) and survival suggest that early imaging biomarkers could help identify the subset of patients who most likely will benefit from anti-VEGF agents. In this article, we discuss the lessons learned from the trials conducted to date and how we could potentially use recent advances in GBM biology and imaging to improve outcomes of patients with GBM who receive antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lu-Emerson
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dan G Duda
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kyrre E Emblem
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth R Gerstner
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jay S Loeffler
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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28
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Kikuchi A, Monga SP. PDGFRα in liver pathophysiology: emerging roles in development, regeneration, fibrosis, and cancer. Gene Expr 2015; 16:109-27. [PMID: 25700367 PMCID: PMC4410163 DOI: 10.3727/105221615x14181438356210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) is an isoform of the PDGFR family of tyrosine kinase receptors involved in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and growth. In this review, we highlight the role of PDGFRα and the current evidence of its expression and activities in liver development, regeneration, and pathology-including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Studies elucidating PDGFRα signaling in processes ranging from profibrotic signaling, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition point toward PDGFRα as a potential therapeutic target in various hepatic pathologies, including hepatic fibrosis and liver cancer. Furthermore, PDGFRα localization and modulation during liver development and regeneration may lend insight into its potential roles in various pathologic states. We will also briefly discuss some of the current targeted treatments for PDGFRα, including multi receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and PDGFRα-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Nevo I, Woolard K, Cam M, Li A, Webster JD, Kotliarov Y, Kim HS, Ahn S, Walling J, Kotliarova S, Belova G, Song H, Bailey R, Zhang W, Fine HA. Identification of molecular pathways facilitating glioma cell invasion in situ. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111783. [PMID: 25365423 PMCID: PMC4218815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are mostly incurable secondary to their diffuse infiltrative nature. Thus, specific therapeutic targeting of invasive glioma cells is an attractive concept. As cells exit the tumor mass and infiltrate brain parenchyma, they closely interact with a changing micro-environmental landscape that sustains tumor cell invasion. In this study, we used a unique microarray profiling approach on a human glioma stem cell (GSC) xenograft model to explore gene expression changes in situ in Invading Glioma Cells (IGCs) compared to tumor core, as well as changes in host cells residing within the infiltrated microenvironment relative to the unaffected cortex. IGCs were found to have reduced expression of genes within the extracellular matrix compartment, and genes involved in cell adhesion, cell polarity and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes. The infiltrated microenvironment showed activation of wound repair and tissue remodeling networks. We confirmed by protein analysis the downregulation of EMT and polarity related genes such as CD44 and PARD3 in IGCs, and EFNB3, a tissue-remodeling agent enriched at the infiltrated microenvironment. OLIG2, a proliferation regulator and glioma progenitor cell marker upregulated in IGCs was found to function in enhancing migration and stemness of GSCs. Overall, our results unveiled a more comprehensive picture of the complex and dynamic cell autonomous and tumor-host interactive pathways of glioma invasion than has been previously demonstrated. This suggests targeting of multiple pathways at the junction of invading tumor and microenvironment as a viable option for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Nevo
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maggie Cam
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aiguo Li
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Webster
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuri Kotliarov
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hong Sug Kim
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susie Ahn
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Walling
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Kotliarova
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Galina Belova
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rolanda Bailey
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Howard A. Fine
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Becerra CR, Conkling P, Vogelzang N, Wu H, Hong S, Narwal R, Liang M, Tavakkoli F, Pandya N. A phase I dose-escalation study of MEDI-575, a PDGFRα monoclonal antibody, in adults with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 74:917-25. [PMID: 25149088 PMCID: PMC4209236 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate safety and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of MEDI-575, a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα), in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods This phase I multicenter, open-label, single-arm study enrolled adults in a 3 + 3 dose escalation design to receive MEDI-575 (3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 mg/kg) once weekly (QW) until toxicity or disease progression occurred. One 0.5-mg/kg dose was given before the first dose in the 3-mg/kg cohort to determine pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics under unsaturated conditions. After completion of dose escalation in the QW cohorts, patients were enrolled in two additional cohorts and received MEDI-575 25 or 35 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W). Secondary measures included assessments of PK, immunogenicity, and antitumor activity. Results A total of 35 patients received MEDI-575 QW (n = 23) or Q3W (n = 12). Most treatment-related adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity across all dose levels, with fatigue (n = 12) and nausea (n = 8) being reported most frequently. With no reports of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), the MTD was not reached. MEDI-575 exhibited a nonlinear PK profile and increased plasma platelet-derived growth factor-AA levels in a dose-dependent manner with limited immunogenicity. Stable disease was reported as the best tumor response in 9 of 29 evaluable patients; however, no objective responses were reported. Conclusion Administration of MEDI-575 QW or Q3W resulted in a favorable safety profile, including a lack of DLTs, but without evidence of antitumor activity in patients with refractory solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Becerra
- Sammons Cancer Center, Texas Oncology P.A., 3410 Worth St., Suite 300, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA,
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31
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Roh JW, Huang J, Hu W, Yang X, Jennings NB, Sehgal V, Sohn BH, Han HD, Lee SJ, Thanapprapasr D, Bottsford-Miller J, Zand B, Dalton HJ, Previs RA, Davis AN, Matsuo K, Lee JS, Ram P, Coleman RL, Sood AK. Biologic effects of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α blockade in uterine cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2740-50. [PMID: 24634380 PMCID: PMC4024372 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) expression is frequently observed in many kinds of cancer and is a candidate for therapeutic targeting. This preclinical study evaluated the biologic significance of PDGFRα and PDGFRα blockade (using a fully humanized monoclonal antibody, 3G3) in uterine cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression of PDGFRα was examined in uterine cancer clinical samples and cell lines, and biologic effects of PDGFRα inhibition were evaluated using in vitro (cell viability, apoptosis, and invasion) and in vivo (orthotopic) models of uterine cancer. RESULTS PDGFRα was highly expressed and activated in uterine cancer samples and cell lines. Treatment with 3G3 resulted in substantial inhibition of PDGFRα phosphorylation and of downstream signaling molecules AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Cell viability and invasive potential of uterine cancer cells were also inhibited by 3G3 treatment. In orthotopic mouse models of uterine cancer, 3G3 monotherapy had significant antitumor effects in the PDGFRα-positive models (Hec-1A, Ishikawa, Spec-2) but not in the PDGFRα-negative model (OVCA432). Greater therapeutic effects were observed for 3G3 in combination with chemotherapy than for either drug alone in the PDGFRα-positive models. The antitumor effects of therapy were related to increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify PDGFRα as an attractive target for therapeutic development in uterine cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice, Nude
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/immunology
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcriptome/drug effects
- Uterine Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Uterine Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Neoplasms/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Roh
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jie Huang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wei Hu
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - XiaoYun Yang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas B Jennings
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vasudha Sehgal
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bo Hwa Sohn
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hee Dong Han
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangmani Thanapprapasr
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Justin Bottsford-Miller
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Behrouz Zand
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Heather J Dalton
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rebecca A Previs
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ashley N Davis
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prahlad Ram
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anil K Sood
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Biology, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University; Departments of Systems Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Fauvel B, Yasri A. Antibodies directed against receptor tyrosine kinases: current and future strategies to fight cancer. MAbs 2014; 6:838-51. [PMID: 24859229 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have already been approved for cancers and inflammatory diseases, and monoclonal antibodies continue to be one of the fastest growing classes of therapeutic molecules. Because aberrant signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is a commonly observed factor in cancer, most of the subclasses of RTKs are being extensively studied as potential targets for treating malignancies. The first two RTKs that have been targeted by antibody therapy, with five currently marketed antibodies, are the growth factor receptors EGFR and HER2. However, due to systemic side effects, refractory patients and the development of drug resistance, these treatments are being challenged by emerging therapeutics. This review examines current monoclonal antibody therapies against RTKs. After an analysis of agents that have already been approved, we present an analysis of antibodies in clinical development that target RTKs. Finally, we highlight promising RTKs that are emerging as new oncological targets for antibody-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aziz Yasri
- OriBase Pharma; Cap Gamma; Parc Euromédecine; Montpellier, France
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33
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Wang D, Du L, Liu Q, Liu X, Wang Z. Receptor tyrosine kinase alterations and therapeutic opportunities in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 72:725-31. [PMID: 23959461 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted therapy has greatly improved the treatment for adenocarcinoma of the lung, but not squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. The current paper describes the abnormalities of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) in lung SCC in a hope to stimulate the development of therapeutics that can have clinical impact. METHODS We reviewed both clinical and preclinical studies published in English regarding RTK abnormalities and/ or RTK-targeting treatment for SCC of the lung. RESULTS RTK alterations have been demonstrated as biological signature for SCC of the lung. A number of clinical trials of RTK-targeting therapy have been carried out or are ongoing, with encouraging results. CONCLUSIONS SCC of the lung should be treated as an independent disease with unique treatment options based on molecular changes, particularly RTK.
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Matsuo K, Nishimura M, Komurov K, Shahzad MMK, Ali-Fehmi R, Roh JW, Lu C, Cody DD, Ram PT, Loizos N, Coleman RL, Sood AK. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) targeting and relevant biomarkers in ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 132:166-75. [PMID: 24183729 PMCID: PMC3946949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) is believed to be associated with cell survival. We examined (i) whether PDGFRα blockade enhances the antitumor activity of taxanes in ovarian carcinoma and (ii) potential biomarkers of response to anti-PDGFRα therapy. METHODS PDGFRα expression in 176 ovarian carcinomas was evaluated with tissue microarray and correlated to survival outcome. Human-specific monoclonal antibody to PDGFRα (IMC-3G3) was used for in vitro and in vivo experiments with or without docetaxel. Gene microarrays and reverse-phase protein arrays with pathway analyses were performed to identify potential predictive biomarkers. RESULTS When compared to low or no PDGFRα expression, increased PDGFRα expression was associated with significantly poorer overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer (P=0.014). Although treatment with IMC-3G3 alone did not affect cell viability or increase apoptosis, concurrent use of IMC-3G3 with docetaxel significantly enhanced sensitization to docetaxel and apoptosis. In an orthotopic mouse model, IMC-3G3 monotherapy had no significant antitumor effects in SKOV3-ip1 (low PDGFRα expression), but showed significant antitumor effects in HeyA8-MDR (high PDGFRα expression). Concurrent use of IMC-3G3 with docetaxel, compared with use of docetaxel alone, significantly reduced tumor weight in all tested cell lines. In protein ontology, the EGFR and AKT pathways were downregulated by IMC-3G3 therapy. MAPK and CCNB1 were downregulated only in the HeyA8-MDR model. CONCLUSION These data identify IMC-3G3 as an attractive therapeutic strategy and identify potential predictive markers for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masato Nishimura
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Department of System Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mian M K Shahzad
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ju-Won Roh
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dianna D Cody
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prahlad T Ram
- Department of System Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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An update in the use of antibodies to treat glioblastoma multiforme. Autoimmune Dis 2013; 2013:716813. [PMID: 24294521 PMCID: PMC3835613 DOI: 10.1155/2013/716813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a deadly brain disease and modest improvement in survival has been made. At initial diagnosis, treatment consists of maximum safe surgical resection, followed by temozolomide and chemoirradiation or adjuvant temozolomide alone. However, these treatments do not improve the prognosis and survival of patients. New treatment strategies are being sought according to the biology of tumors. The epidermal growth factor receptor has been considered as the hallmark in glioma tumors; thereby, some antibodies have been designed to bind to this receptor and block the downstream signaling pathways. Also, it is known that vascularization plays an important role in supplying new vessels to the tumor; therefore, new therapy has been guided to inhibit angiogenic growth factors in order to limit tumor growth. An innovative strategy in the treatment of glial tumors is the use of toxins produced by bacteria, which may be coupled to specific carrier-ligands and used for tumoral targeting. These carrier-ligands provide tumor-selective properties by the recognition of a cell-surface receptor on the tumor cells and promote their binding of the toxin-carrier complex prior to entry into the cell. Here, we reviewed some strategies to improve the management and treatment of glioblastoma and focused on the use of antibodies.
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Awuah PK, Nejak-Bowen KN, Monga SPS. Role and regulation of PDGFRα signaling in liver development and regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1648-58. [PMID: 23529017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) signaling is evident in a subset of hepatocellular cancers (HCCs). However, its role and regulation in hepatic physiology remains elusive. In the current study, we examined PDGFRα signaling in liver development and regeneration. We identified notable PDGFRα activation in hepatic morphogenesis that, when interrupted by PDGFRα-blocking antibody, led to decreased hepatoblast proliferation and survival in embryonic liver cultures. We also identified temporal PDGFRα overexpression, which is regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor α, and its activation at 3 to 24 hours after partial hepatectomy. Through generation of hepatocyte-specific PDGFRA knockout (KO) mice that lack an overt phenotype, we show that absent PDGFRα compromises extracelluar signal-regulated kinases and AKT activation 3 hours after partial hepatectomy, which, however, is alleviated by temporal compensatory increases in the EGF receptor (EGFR) and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) expression and activation along with rebound activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and AKT at 24 hours. These untimely increases in EGFR and Met allow for normal hepatocyte proliferation at 48 hours in KO, which, however, are aberrantly prolonged up to 72 hours. Intriguingly, such compensation also was visible in primary KO hepatocyte cultures but not in HCC cells after siRNA-mediated PDGFRα knockdown. Thus, temporal activation of PDGFRα in liver development is important in hepatic morphogenesis. In liver regeneration, despite increased signaling, PDGFRα is dispensable owing to EGFR and Met compensation, which is unique to normal hepatocytes but not HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince K Awuah
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Liu Q, Jernigan D, Zhang Y, Fatatis A. Implication of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha in prostate cancer skeletal metastasis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:612-9. [PMID: 21880182 PMCID: PMC4013323 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis represents by far the most feared complication of prostate carcinoma and is the main cause of death for patients. The skeleton is frequently targeted by disseminated cancer cells and represents the sole site of spread in more than 80% of prostate cancer cases. Compatibility between select malignant phenotypes and the microenvironment of colonized tissues is broadly recognized as the culprit for the organ-tropism of cancer cells. Here, we review our recent studies showing that the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα ) supports the survival and growth of prostate cancer cells in the skeleton and that the soluble fraction of bone marrow activates PDGFRα in a ligand-independent fashion. Finally, we offer pre-clinical evidence that this receptor is a viable target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Verstraete K, Savvides SN. Extracellular assembly and activation principles of oncogenic class III receptor tyrosine kinases. Nat Rev Cancer 2012; 12:753-66. [PMID: 23076159 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular signalling cascades initiated by class III receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK-IIIs) and their cytokine ligands contribute to haematopoiesis and mesenchymal tissue development. They are also implicated in a wide range of inflammatory disorders and cancers. Recent snapshots of RTK-III ectodomains in complex with cognate cytokines have revealed timely insights into the structural determinants of RTK-III activation, evolution and pathology. Importantly, candidate 'driver' and 'passenger' mutations that have been identified in RTK-IIIs can now be collectively mapped for the first time to structural scaffolds of the corresponding RTK-III ectodomains. Such insights will generate a renewed interest in dissecting the mechanistic effects of such mutations and their therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Verstraete
- Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Zhang J, Liu J. Tumor stroma as targets for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 137:200-15. [PMID: 23064233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is not only composed malignant epithelial component but also stromal components such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells, by which an appropriate tumor microenvironment (TME) is formed to promote tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. As the most abundant component in the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are involved in multifaceted mechanistic details including remodeling the extracellular matrix, suppressing immune responses, and secreting growth factors and cytokines that mediate signaling pathways to extensively affect tumor cell growth and invasiveness, differentiation, angiogenesis, and chronic inflammatory milieu. Today, more and more therapeutic strategies are purposefully designed to target the TME as well as tumor cells. This review will focus on the role of CAFs in tumor development and the novel strategies to target this component to inhibit the tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Kee D, Zalcberg JR. Current and emerging strategies for the management of imatinib-refractory advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2012; 4:255-70. [PMID: 22942908 DOI: 10.1177/1758834012450935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in February 2002, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, has become the standard of care for patients with metastatic or unresectable KIT-positive gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Imatinib functions by blocking the adenosine triphosphate binding site of the constitutively activated mutant KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, effectively shutting down the oncogenic signal that drives up to 90% of these tumors. In doing so, it has transformed the management of a condition previously refractory to systemic treatments and established GIST as a model for the use of targeted therapies and oncogene addiction in solid tumors. However, while more than 80% of patients will receive clinical benefit from imatinib monotherapy, more than half will develop progressive disease by 2 years. In this article we review the mechanism and patterns of imatinib resistance in GIST; attempt to offer a practical schema for managing imatinib-refractory patients; and lastly, offer some insight as to future directions and emerging therapeutics for the management of this highly interesting and challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Kee
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002 and Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Gerber DE, Gupta P, Dellinger MT, Toombs JE, Peyton M, Duignan I, Malaby J, Bailey T, Burns C, Brekken RA, Loizos N. Stromal platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) provides a therapeutic target independent of tumor cell PDGFRα expression in lung cancer xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2473-82. [PMID: 22933705 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In lung cancer, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) is expressed frequently by tumor-associated stromal cells and by cancer cells in a subset of tumors. We sought to determine the effect of targeting stromal PDGFRα in preclinical lung tumor xenograft models (human tumor, mouse stroma). Effects of anti-human (IMC-3G3) and anti-mouse (1E10) PDGFRα monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on proliferation and PDGFRα signaling were evaluated in lung cancer cell lines and mouse fibroblasts. Therapy studies were conducted using established PDGFRα-positive H1703 cells and PDGFRα-negative Calu-6, H1993, and A549 subcutaneous tumors in immunocompromised mice treated with vehicle, anti-PDGFRα mAbs, chemotherapy, or combination therapy. Tumors were analyzed for growth and levels of growth factors. IMC-3G3 inhibited PDGFRα activation and the growth of H1703 cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, but had no effect on PDGFRα-negative cell lines or mouse fibroblasts. 1E10 inhibited growth and PDGFRα activation of mouse fibroblasts, but had no effect on human cancer cell lines in vitro. In vivo, 1E10-targeted inhibition of murine PDGFRα reduced tumor growth as single-agent therapy in Calu-6 cells and enhanced the effect of chemotherapy in xenografts derived from A549 cells. We also identified that low expression cancer cell expression of VEGF-A and elevated expression of PDGF-AA were associated with response to stromal PDGFRα targeting. We conclude that stromal PDGFRα inhibition represents a means for enhancing control of lung cancer growth in some cases, independent of tumor cell PDGFRα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Gerber
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Mail Code 8852, Dallas, TX 75390-8852, USA.
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Wiechert AC, Garrett LA, Lin G, Goodman A. Management of a skin metastasis in a patient with advanced ovarian cancer. GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2012; 2:124-6. [PMID: 24371642 DOI: 10.1016/j.gynor.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
► Skin metastasis of ovarian cancer is rare, often nodular in appearance, and conveys a poor prognosis. ► This patient developed an unusual maculo-papular rash which was biopsy-proven to be metastatic endometrioid adenocarcinoma. ► Pruritic symptoms from skin metastases should be palliated; SSRIs, local radiation, and topical creams all may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Wiechert
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 75 Francis Street, ASB1-3-078, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leslie A Garrett
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - George Lin
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Annekathryn Goodman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib and sunitinib, have changed the outcome of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and prolonged survival by many-fold. Unfortunately, treatment failure and tumor progression seem inevitable over time and constitute an unresolved clinical challenge. This article reviews current efforts to overcome drug resistance and progression. RECENT FINDINGS The major mechanism of resistance toward imatinib and sunitinib is the development of secondary resistance mutations in the kinase domain of KIT. Recent efforts aim at inhibitors with increased activity against resistance mutations or a broader spectrum of activity. Other strategies include indirect KIT inhibition by modulating KIT chaperone proteins or inhibition of KIT-dependent and independent signaling pathways. SUMMARY The rapid improvement of our understanding of GIST biology as well as resistance mechanisms towards imatinib and sunitinib will greatly facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies. This article summarizes the results of recently reported third and fourth-line clinical trials in patients with resistant GIST and reviews data of important proof-of-concept studies.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:83-98. [PMID: 21178692 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283432fa7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Song H, Sgouros G. Radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors: searching for the right target. Curr Drug Deliv 2011; 8:26-44. [PMID: 21034423 PMCID: PMC4337879 DOI: 10.2174/156720111793663651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors remains a challenge despite the tremendous success of ⁹⁰Y ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) and ¹³¹I Tositumomab (Bexxar) in treating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. For a variety of reasons, clinical trials of radiolabeled antibodies against solid tumors have not led to responses equivalent to those seen against lymphoma. In contrast, promising responses have been observed with unlabeled antibodies that target solid tumor receptors associated with cellular signaling pathways. These observations suggest that anti-tumor efficacy of the carrier antibody might be critical to achieving clinical responses. Here, we review and compare tumor antigens targeted by radiolabeled antibodies and unlabeled antibodies used in immunotherapy. The review shows that the trend for radiolabeled antibodies under pre-clinical development is to also target antigens associated with signaling pathways that are essential for the growth and survival of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Song
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. hsong6jhmi.edu
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Russell MR, Liu Q, Fatatis A. Targeting the {alpha} receptor for platelet-derived growth factor as a primary or combination therapy in a preclinical model of prostate cancer skeletal metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5002-10. [PMID: 20813817 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet-derived growth factor α (PDGFRα) is highly expressed in primary prostate cancer and associated skeletal metastases. Here, we tested whether targeting this receptor could impair metastatic colonization and progression, as well as prolong survival, either as primary or as combination therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used a preclinical animal model of metastasis in which PC3-ML human prostate cancer cells are inoculated directly in the blood circulation. First, the humanized, monoclonal antibody IMC-3G3 was administered to mice bearing established skeletal metastases. Second, we targeted the stromal PDGFRα with IMC-1E10, an antibody specific for the murine receptor. Third, IMC-3G3 and the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA), administered separately or in combination, were tested on the progression of skeletal lesions and overall survival. In addition, the ability of IMC-3G3 and ZA to impair initial colonization of the bone marrow by prostate cancer cells was investigated. RESULTS The blockade of PDGFRα on prostate cancer cells by IMC-3G3 reduces the size of established skeletal metastases, whereas the IMC-1E10 antibody directed against the stromal PDGFRα fails to inhibit metastatic progression. IMC-3G3 and ZA, either separately or in combination, significantly slow tumor growth and seem to prolong survival. Lastly, the blockade of PDGFRα by IMC-3G3 inhibits the initial phase of bone colonization, whereas ZA is ineffective at this stage. CONCLUSION This study presents compelling evidence that targeting PDGFRα with IMC-3G3 delays the progression of early metastatic foci and reduces the size of more established lesions. In addition, IMC-3G3, either alone or in combination with ZA, prolongs survival in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike R Russell
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
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