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Gauberg J, Moreno KB, Jayaraman K, Abumeri S, Jenkins S, Salazar AM, Meharena HS, Glasgow SM. Spinal motor neuron development and metabolism are transcriptionally regulated by Nuclear Factor IA. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600888. [PMID: 38979382 PMCID: PMC11230388 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Neural circuits governing all motor behaviors in vertebrates rely on the proper development of motor neurons and their precise targeting of limb muscles. Transcription factors are essential for motor neuron development, regulating their specification, migration, and axonal targeting. While transcriptional regulation of the early stages of motor neuron specification is well-established, much less is known about the role of transcription factors in the later stages of maturation and terminal arborization. Defining the molecular mechanisms of these later stages is critical for elucidating how motor circuits are constructed. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Nuclear Factor-IA (NFIA) is required for motor neuron positioning, axonal branching, and neuromuscular junction formation. Moreover, we find that NFIA is required for proper mitochondrial function and ATP production, providing a new and important link between transcription factors and metabolism during motor neuron development. Together, these findings underscore the critical role of NFIA in instructing the assembly of spinal circuits for movement.
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2
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Sagner A. Temporal patterning of the vertebrate developing neural tube. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 86:102179. [PMID: 38490162 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The chronologically ordered generation of distinct cell types is essential for the establishment of neuronal diversity and the formation of neuronal circuits. Recently, single-cell transcriptomic analyses of various areas of the developing vertebrate nervous system have provided evidence for the existence of a shared temporal patterning program that partitions neurons based on the timing of neurogenesis. In this review, I summarize the findings that lead to the proposal of this shared temporal program before focusing on the developing spinal cord to discuss how temporal patterning in general and this program specifically contributes to the ordered formation of neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sagner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Keeley PW, Trod S, Gamboa BN, Coffey PJ, Reese BE. Nfia Is Critical for AII Amacrine Cell Production: Selective Bipolar Cell Dependencies and Diminished ERG. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8367-8384. [PMID: 37775301 PMCID: PMC10711738 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1099-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor one (NFI) transcription factor genes Nfia, Nfib, and Nfix are all enriched in late-stage retinal progenitor cells, and their loss has been shown to retain these progenitors at the expense of later-generated retinal cell types. Whether they play any role in the specification of those later-generated fates is unknown, but the expression of one of these, Nfia, in a specific amacrine cell type may intimate such a role. Here, Nfia conditional knockout (Nfia-CKO) mice (both sexes) were assessed, finding a massive and largely selective absence of AII amacrine cells. There was, however, a partial reduction in type 2 cone bipolar cells (CBCs), being richly interconnected to AII cells. Counts of dying cells showed a significant increase in Nfia-CKO retinas at postnatal day (P)7, after AII cell numbers were already reduced but in advance of the loss of type 2 CBCs detected by P10. Those results suggest a role for Nfia in the specification of the AII amacrine cell fate and a dependency of the type 2 CBCs on them. Delaying the conditional loss of Nfia to the first postnatal week did not alter AII cell number nor differentiation, further suggesting that its role in AII cells is solely associated with their production. The physiological consequences of their loss were assessed using the ERG, finding the oscillatory potentials to be profoundly diminished. A slight reduction in the b-wave was also detected, attributed to an altered distribution of the terminals of rod bipolar cells, implicating a role of the AII amacrine cells in constraining their stratification.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The transcription factor NFIA is shown to play a critical role in the specification of a single type of retinal amacrine cell, the AII cell. Using an Nfia-conditional knockout mouse to eliminate this population of retinal neurons, we demonstrate two selective bipolar cell dependencies on the AII cells; the terminals of rod bipolar cells become mis-stratified in the inner plexiform layer, and one type of cone bipolar cell undergoes enhanced cell death. The physiological consequence of this loss of the AII cells was also assessed, finding the cells to be a major contributor to the oscillatory potentials in the electroretinogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Keeley
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
| | - Stephanie Trod
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
| | - Bruno N Gamboa
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
| | - Pete J Coffey
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
| | - Benjamin E Reese
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
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4
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Kong S, Chen TX, Jia XL, Cheng XL, Zeng ML, Liang JY, He XH, Yin J, Han S, Liu WH, Fan YT, Zhou T, Liu YM, Peng BW. Cell-specific NFIA upregulation promotes epileptogenesis by TRPV4-mediated astrocyte reactivity. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:247. [PMID: 37880726 PMCID: PMC10601220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit morphological and functional diversity in brain region-specific pattern. Functional alterations of reactive astrocytes are commonly present in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cases, meanwhile the neuroinflammation mediated by reactive astrocytes may advance the development of hippocampal epilepsy in animal models. Nuclear factor I-A (NFIA) may regulate astrocyte diversity in the adult brain. However, whether NFIA endows the astrocytes with regional specificity to be involved in epileptogenesis remains elusive. METHODS Here, we utilize an interference RNA targeting NFIA to explore the characteristics of NFIA expression and its role in astrocyte reactivity in a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced seizure model in vivo and in vitro. Combined with the employment of a HA-tagged plasmid overexpressing NFIA, we further investigate the precise mechanisms how NIFA facilitates epileptogenesis. RESULTS 4-AP-induced NFIA upregulation in hippocampal region is astrocyte-specific, and primarily promotes detrimental actions of reactive astrocyte. In line with this phenomenon, both NFIA and vanilloid transient receptor potential 4 (TRPV4) are upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes in human samples from the TLE surgical patients and mouse samples with intraperitoneal 4-AP. NFIA directly regulates mouse astrocytic TRPV4 expression while the quantity and the functional activity of TRPV4 are required for 4-AP-induced astrocyte reactivity and release of proinflammatory cytokines in the charge of NFIA upregulation. NFIA deficiency efficiently inhibits 4-AP-induced TRPV4 upregulation, weakens astrocytic calcium activity and specific astrocyte reactivity, thereby mitigating aberrant neuronal discharges and neuronal damage, and suppressing epileptic seizure. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover the critical role of NFIA in astrocyte reactivity and illustrate how epileptogenic brain injury initiates cell-specific signaling pathway to dictate the astrocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Kong
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao-Xiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Jia
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Lei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Liu Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Yi Liang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Hong Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Teng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, 430040, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Fernandes J, Uppal K, Liu KH, Hu X, Orr M, Tran V, Go YM, Jones DP. Antagonistic Interactions in Mitochondria ROS Signaling Responses to Manganese. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:804. [PMID: 37107179 PMCID: PMC10134992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antagonistic interaction refers to opposing beneficial and adverse signaling by a single agent. Understanding opposing signaling is important because pathologic outcomes can result from adverse causative agents or the failure of beneficial mechanisms. To test for opposing responses at a systems level, we used a transcriptome-metabolome-wide association study (TMWAS) with the rationale that metabolite changes provide a phenotypic readout of gene expression, and gene expression provides a phenotypic readout of signaling metabolites. We incorporated measures of mitochondrial oxidative stress (mtOx) and oxygen consumption rate (mtOCR) with TMWAS of cells with varied manganese (Mn) concentration and found that adverse neuroinflammatory signaling and fatty acid metabolism were connected to mtOx, while beneficial ion transport and neurotransmitter metabolism were connected to mtOCR. Each community contained opposing transcriptome-metabolome interactions, which were linked to biologic functions. The results show that antagonistic interaction is a generalized cell systems response to mitochondrial ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyn Fernandes
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ken H. Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Colijn MA, Hrynchak M, Hrazdil CT, Willaeys V, White RF, Stowe RM. A 1p31.3 deletion encompassing the nuclear factor 1A gene presenting as possible temporal lobe epilepsy in association with schizoaffective disorder. Neurocase 2022; 28:382-387. [PMID: 36209511 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2132869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome, which is characterized by a variety of neurodevelopmental abnormalities, is thought to occur as a result of nuclear factor 1A (NFIA) haploinsufficiency. We present a case of a right-handed 40-year-old female with a 1p31.3 deletion, who exhibited numerous common features of this syndrome, in addition to treatment resistant schizoaffective disorder and possible temporal lobe epilepsy, making her presentation unique. While neither psychosis nor temporal lobe epilepsy has been described in this syndrome previously, these conditions likely occurred in our patient as a result of NFIA haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Colijn
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Monica Hrynchak
- Molecular Cytogenetic Laboratory, Royal Columbian Hospital, The University of British Columbia, New Westminster, BC, Canada
| | - Chantelle T Hrazdil
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veerle Willaeys
- BC Psychosis Program, British Columbia Mental Health & Substance Use Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Randall F White
- BC Psychosis Program, British Columbia Mental Health & Substance Use Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert M Stowe
- BC Neuropsychiatry Program, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology (Medicine), and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Sagner A, Zhang I, Watson T, Lazaro J, Melchionda M, Briscoe J. A shared transcriptional code orchestrates temporal patterning of the central nervous system. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001450. [PMID: 34767545 PMCID: PMC8612522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that produce the full array of neuronal subtypes in the vertebrate nervous system are incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence of a global temporal patterning program comprising sets of transcription factors that stratifies neurons based on the developmental time at which they are generated. This transcriptional code acts throughout the central nervous system, in parallel to spatial patterning, thereby increasing the diversity of neurons generated along the neuraxis. We further demonstrate that this temporal program operates in stem cell-derived neurons and is under the control of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Targeted perturbation of components of the temporal program, Nfia and Nfib, reveals their functional requirement for the generation of late-born neuronal subtypes. Together, our results provide evidence for the existence of a previously unappreciated global temporal transcriptional program of neuronal subtype identity and suggest that the integration of spatial and temporal patterning mechanisms diversifies and organizes neuronal subtypes in the vertebrate nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sagner
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabel Zhang
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jorge Lazaro
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Moreau MX, Saillour Y, Cwetsch AW, Pierani A, Causeret F. Single-cell transcriptomics of the early developing mouse cerebral cortex disentangle the spatial and temporal components of neuronal fate acquisition. Development 2021; 148:269283. [PMID: 34170322 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the developing cerebral cortex, how progenitors that seemingly display limited diversity end up producing a vast array of neurons remains a puzzling question. The prevailing model suggests that temporal maturation of progenitors is a key driver in the diversification of the neuronal output. However, temporal constraints are unlikely to account for all diversity, especially in the ventral and lateral pallium where neuronal types significantly differ from their dorsal neocortical counterparts born at the same time. In this study, we implemented single-cell RNAseq to sample the diversity of progenitors and neurons along the dorso-ventral axis of the early developing pallium. We first identified neuronal types, mapped them on the tissue and determined their origin through genetic tracing. We characterised progenitor diversity and disentangled the gene modules underlying temporal versus spatial regulations of neuronal specification. Finally, we reconstructed the developmental trajectories followed by ventral and dorsal pallial neurons to identify lineage-specific gene waves. Our data suggest a model by which discrete neuronal fate acquisition from a continuous gradient of progenitors results from the superimposition of spatial information and temporal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu X Moreau
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Saillour
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Andrzej W Cwetsch
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
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9
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Siffredi V, Preti MG, Kebets V, Obertino S, Leventer RJ, McIlroy A, Wood AG, Anderson V, Spencer-Smith MM, Van De Ville D. Structural Neuroplastic Responses Preserve Functional Connectivity and Neurobehavioural Outcomes in Children Born Without Corpus Callosum. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1227-1239. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest white matter pathway in the brain connecting the two hemispheres. In the context of developmental absence (agenesis) of the corpus callosum (AgCC), a proposed candidate for neuroplastic response is strengthening of intrahemispheric pathways. To test this hypothesis, we assessed structural and functional connectivity in a uniquely large cohort of children with AgCC (n = 20) compared with typically developing controls (TDC, n = 29), and then examined associations with neurobehavioral outcomes using a multivariate data-driven approach (partial least squares correlation, PLSC). For structural connectivity, children with AgCC showed a significant increase in intrahemispheric connectivity in addition to a significant decrease in interhemispheric connectivity compared with TDC, in line with the aforementioned hypothesis. In contrast, for functional connectivity, children with AgCC and TDC showed a similar pattern of intrahemispheric and interhemispheric connectivity. In conclusion, we observed structural strengthening of intrahemispheric pathways in children born without corpus callosum, which seems to allow for functional connectivity comparable to a typically developing brain, and were relevant to explain neurobehavioral outcomes in this population. This neuroplasticity might be relevant to other disorders of axonal guidance, and developmental disorders in which corpus callosum alteration is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Siffredi
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Maria G Preti
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Kebets
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, N.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Silvia Obertino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Neuroscience Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alissandra McIlroy
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Amanda G Wood
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Life and Health Sciences & Aston Neuroscience Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Neuroscience Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Megan M Spencer-Smith
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
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10
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Expression of NFIA and NFIB within the murine spinal cord. Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 35:119098. [PMID: 32068188 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor I proteins comprise a family of transcription factors that are expressed in many developing and mature cell populations, including within the central nervous system. Within the embryonic mouse spinal cord, NFIA and NFIB are expressed by neural progenitor cells lining the central canal, where they act to promote astrocytic and oligodendrocytic lineage specification. Cells lining the mature spinal cord central canal retain characteristics of neural progenitor cells, but the expression of NFIA and NFIB within the mature spinal cord at a cell-type-specific level remains undefined. Here, we investigated where these two transcription factors are expressed within the adult mouse spinal cord. We reveal that both factors are expressed in similar cohorts of mature cells, including ependymal cells, interneurons and motor neurons. We also show robust and widespread expression of NFIA and NFIB within nestin-expressing cells following injury to the spinal cord. Collectively, these data provide a basis to further define what functional role(s) NFIA and NFIB play within the adult spinal cord.
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11
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Fraser J, Essebier A, Brown AS, Davila RA, Harkins D, Zalucki O, Shapiro LP, Penzes P, Wainwright BJ, Scott MP, Gronostajski RM, Bodén M, Piper M, Harvey TJ. Common Regulatory Targets of NFIA, NFIX and NFIB during Postnatal Cerebellar Development. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 19:89-101. [PMID: 31838646 PMCID: PMC7815246 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation plays a central role in controlling neural stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation during neurogenesis. For instance, transcription factors from the nuclear factor I (NFI) family have been shown to co-ordinate neural stem and progenitor cell differentiation within multiple regions of the embryonic nervous system, including the neocortex, hippocampus, spinal cord and cerebellum. Knockout of individual Nfi genes culminates in similar phenotypes, suggestive of common target genes for these transcription factors. However, whether or not the NFI family regulates common suites of genes remains poorly defined. Here, we use granule neuron precursors (GNPs) of the postnatal murine cerebellum as a model system to analyse regulatory targets of three members of the NFI family: NFIA, NFIB and NFIX. By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fraser
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Alexandra Essebier
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander S Brown
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raul Ayala Davila
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Danyon Harkins
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Oressia Zalucki
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Lauren P Shapiro
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brandon J Wainwright
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew P Scott
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mikael Bodén
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Tracey J Harvey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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12
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Chen KS, Bridges CR, Lynton Z, Lim JWC, Stringer BW, Rajagopal R, Wong KT, Ganesan D, Ariffin H, Day BW, Richards LJ, Bunt J. Transcription factors NFIA and NFIB induce cellular differentiation in high-grade astrocytoma. J Neurooncol 2019; 146:41-53. [PMID: 31760595 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant astrocytomas are composed of heterogeneous cell populations. Compared to grade IV glioblastoma, low-grade astrocytomas have more differentiated cells and are associated with a better prognosis. Therefore, inducing cellular differentiation to alter the behaviour of high-grade astrocytomas may serve as a therapeutic strategy. The nuclear factor one (NFI) transcription factors are essential for normal astrocytic differentiation. Here, we investigate whether family members NFIA and NFIB act as effectors of cellular differentiation in glioblastoma. METHODS We analysed expression of NFIA and NFIB in mRNA expression data of high-grade astrocytoma and with immunofluorescence co-staining. Furthermore, we induced NFI expression in patient-derived subcutaneous glioblastoma xenografts via in vivo electroporation. RESULTS The expression of NFIA and NFIB is reduced in glioblastoma as compared to lower grade astrocytomas. At a cellular level, their expression is associated with differentiated and mature astrocyte-like tumour cells. In vivo analyses consistently demonstrate that expression of either NFIA or NFIB is sufficient to promote tumour cell differentiation in glioblastoma xenografts. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that both NFIA and NFIB may have an endogenous pro-differentiative function in astrocytomas, similar to their role in normal astrocyte differentiation. Overall, our study establishes a basis for further investigation of targeting NFI-mediated differentiation as a potential differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Siong Chen
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Caitlin R Bridges
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zorana Lynton
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Lim
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Brett W Stringer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Revathi Rajagopal
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, 59100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kum-Thong Wong
- Department of Pathology, University of Malaya, 59100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharmendra Ganesan
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, 59100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bryan W Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Upland Rd Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Jens Bunt
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Upland Rd Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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13
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Zenker M, Bunt J, Schanze I, Schanze D, Piper M, Priolo M, Gerkes EH, Gronostajski RM, Richards LJ, Vogt J, Wessels MW, Hennekam RC. Variants in nuclear factor I genes influence growth and development. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 181:611-626. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital, Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Jens Bunt
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Ina Schanze
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital, Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital, Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Michael Piper
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Manuela Priolo
- Operative Unit of Medical GeneticsGreat Metropolitan Hospital Bianchi‐Melacrino‐Morelli Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Erica H. Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Richard M. Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life SciencesState University of New York Buffalo NY
| | - Linda J. Richards
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health PartnersWomen's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK
| | - Marja W. Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Raoul C. Hennekam
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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14
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Fang C, Guo X, Lv X, Yin R, Lv X, Wang F, Zhao J, Bai Q, Yao X, Chen Y. Dysbindin promotes progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via direct activation of PI3K. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 9:504-515. [PMID: 29040676 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a biggest challenge in clinic oncology due to its invasiveness and lack of targeted therapeutics. Our recent study showed that schizophrenia susceptibility factor dysbindin exhibited significant higher level in serum of PDAC patients. However, the functional relevance of dysbindin in PDAC is still unclear. Here, we show that dysbindin promotes tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo by accelerating the G1/S phase transition in cell cycle via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mechanistically, dysbindin interacts with PI3K and stimulates the kinase activity of PI3K. Moreover, overexpression of dysbindin in PDAC is correlated with clinicopathological characteristics significantly, such as histological differentiation (P = 0.011) and tumor size (P = 0.007). Kaplan-Meier survival curves show that patients with high dysbindin expression exhibit poorer overall survival, compared to those with low dysbindin expression (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis reveals that dysbindin is an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (P = 0.001). Thus, our findings reveal that dysbindin is a novel PI3K activator and promotes PDAC progression via stimulation of PI3K/AKT. Dysbindin therefore represents a potential target for prognosis and therapy of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruozhe Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengsong Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quan Bai
- Institute of Modern Separation Science, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Department of Hefei Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Ge J, Dong H, Yang Y, Liu B, Zheng M, Cheng Q, Peng L, Li J. NFIX downregulation independently predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma, but not in squamous cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2018; 14:3135-3144. [PMID: 30418046 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the expression profile of NFIX, its prognostic value and the mechanism of its dysregulation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Patients & materials: A retrospective study was performed by using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Human Protein Atlas. RESULTS High NFIX RNA expression was an independent prognostic factor of favorable overall survival (HR: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.496-0.951; p = 0.024) and recurrence-free survival (HR: 0.700, 95% CI: 0.493-0.994, p = 0.046) in LUAD, but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma. NFIX DNA hypermethylation was associated with significantly decreased NFIX expression and shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival in LUAD. CONCLUSION NFIX downregulation might independently predict poor prognosis in LUAD. DNA hypermethylation might be an important cause of the downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Cancer Emergency, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
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16
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Schanze I, Bunt J, Lim JWC, Schanze D, Dean RJ, Alders M, Blanchet P, Attié-Bitach T, Berland S, Boogert S, Boppudi S, Bridges CJ, Cho MT, Dobyns WB, Donnai D, Douglas J, Earl DL, Edwards TJ, Faivre L, Fregeau B, Genevieve D, Gérard M, Gatinois V, Holder-Espinasse M, Huth SF, Izumi K, Kerr B, Lacaze E, Lakeman P, Mahida S, Mirzaa GM, Morgan SM, Nowak C, Peeters H, Petit F, Pilz DT, Puechberty J, Reinstein E, Rivière JB, Santani AB, Schneider A, Sherr EH, Smith-Hicks C, Wieland I, Zackai E, Zhao X, Gronostajski RM, Zenker M, Richards LJ. NFIB Haploinsufficiency Is Associated with Intellectual Disability and Macrocephaly. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:752-768. [PMID: 30388402 PMCID: PMC6218805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors play an important role in normal development of multiple organs. Three NFI family members are highly expressed in the brain, and deletions or sequence variants in two of these, NFIA and NFIX, have been associated with intellectual disability (ID) and brain malformations. NFIB, however, has not previously been implicated in human disease. Here, we present a cohort of 18 individuals with mild ID and behavioral issues who are haploinsufficient for NFIB. Ten individuals harbored overlapping microdeletions of the chromosomal 9p23-p22.2 region, ranging in size from 225 kb to 4.3 Mb. Five additional subjects had point sequence variations creating a premature termination codon, and three subjects harbored single-nucleotide variations resulting in an inactive protein as determined using an in vitro reporter assay. All individuals presented with additional variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including muscular hypotonia, motor and speech delay, attention deficit disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and behavioral abnormalities. While structural brain anomalies, including dysgenesis of corpus callosum, were variable, individuals most frequently presented with macrocephaly. To determine whether macrocephaly could be a functional consequence of NFIB disruption, we analyzed a cortex-specific Nfib conditional knockout mouse model, which is postnatally viable. Utilizing magnetic resonance imaging and histology, we demonstrate that Nfib conditional knockout mice have enlargement of the cerebral cortex but preservation of overall brain structure and interhemispheric connectivity. Based on our findings, we propose that haploinsufficiency of NFIB causes ID with macrocephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Jens Bunt
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Jonathan W C Lim
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Ryan J Dean
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Marielle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Blanchet
- INSERM U1183, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SORO, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Siren Berland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Steven Boogert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Sangamitra Boppudi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Caitlin J Bridges
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | | | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Washington and Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Dian Donnai
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences School of Biological Sciences, and University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jessica Douglas
- Boston Children's Hospital - The Feingold Center, Waltham, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dawn L Earl
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Timothy J Edwards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; The Faculty of Medicine Brisbane, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon 21079, France; Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est et FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon 21079, France
| | - Brieana Fregeau
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David Genevieve
- INSERM U1183, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SORO, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Marion Gérard
- Service de Génétique, CHU de Caen - Hôpital Clémenceau, Caen Cedex 14000, France
| | - Vincent Gatinois
- INSERM U1183, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SORO, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Muriel Holder-Espinasse
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille 59000, France; Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Samuel F Huth
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences School of Biological Sciences, and University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Elodie Lacaze
- Department of genetics, Le Havre Hospital, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Sonal Mahida
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Washington and Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sian M Morgan
- All Wales Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Catherine Nowak
- Boston Children's Hospital - The Feingold Center, Waltham, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Florence Petit
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Daniela T Pilz
- West of Scotland Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Jacques Puechberty
- INSERM U1183, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SORO, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Eyal Reinstein
- Medical Genetics Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba 4428164, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon 21079, France; Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est et FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon 21079, France; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Avni B Santani
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anouck Schneider
- INSERM U1183, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SORO, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Ilse Wieland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Faculty of Medicine Brisbane, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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17
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Bunt J, Osinski JM, Lim JW, Vidovic D, Ye Y, Zalucki O, O'Connor TR, Harris L, Gronostajski RM, Richards LJ, Piper M. Combined allelic dosage of Nfia and Nfib regulates cortical development. Brain Neurosci Adv 2017; 1:2398212817739433. [PMID: 32166136 PMCID: PMC7058261 DOI: 10.1177/2398212817739433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nuclear factor I family members nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B play important roles during cerebral cortical development. Nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B regulate similar biological processes, as their expression patterns, regulation of target genes and individual knockout phenotypes overlap. We hypothesised that the combined allelic loss of Nfia and Nfib would culminate in more severe defects in the cerebral cortex than loss of a single member. Methods: We combined immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry on knockout mouse models to investigate whether nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B function similarly and whether increasing allelic loss of Nfia and Nfib caused a more severe phenotype. Results: We determined that the biological functions of nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B overlap during early cortical development. These proteins are co-expressed and can form heterodimers in vivo. Differentially regulated genes that are shared between Nfia and Nfib knockout mice are highly enriched for nuclear factor I binding sites in their promoters and are associated with neurodevelopment. We found that compound heterozygous deletion of both genes resulted in a cortical phenotype similar to that of single homozygous Nfia or Nfib knockout embryos. This was characterised by retention of the interhemispheric fissure, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and a malformed dentate gyrus. Double homozygous knockout of Nfia and Nfib resulted in a more severe phenotype, with increased ventricular enlargement and decreased numbers of differentiated glia and neurons. Conclusion: In the developing cerebral cortex, nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B share similar biological functions and function additively, as the combined allelic loss of these genes directly correlates with the severity of the developmental brain phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bunt
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason M Osinski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Wc Lim
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Diana Vidovic
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yunan Ye
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Oressia Zalucki
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy R O'Connor
- School of Chemical and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Linda J Richards
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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18
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Keeley PW, Reese BE. DNER and NFIA are expressed by developing and mature AII amacrine cells in the mouse retina. J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:467-479. [PMID: 29071714 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study has taken advantage of publicly available cell type specific mRNA expression databases in order to identify potential genes participating in the development of retinal AII amacrine cells. We profile two such genes, Delta/Notch-like EGF repeat containing (Dner) and nuclear factor I/A (Nfia), that are each heavily expressed in AII amacrine cells in the mature mouse retina, and which conjointly identify this retinal cell population in its entirety when using antibodies to DNER and NFIA. DNER is present on the plasma membrane, while NFIA is confined to the nucleus, consistent with known functions of each of these two proteins. DNER also identifies some other subsets of retinal ganglion and amacrine cell types, along with horizontal cells, while NFIA identifies a subset of bipolar cells as well as Muller glia and astrocytes. During early postnatal development, NFIA labels astrocytes on the day of birth, AII amacrine cells at postnatal (P) day 5, and Muller glia by P10, when horizontal cells also transiently exhibit NFIA immunofluorescence. DNER, by contrast, is present in ganglion and amacrine cells on P1, also labeling the horizontal cells by P10. Developing AII amacrine cells exhibit accumulating DNER labeling at the dendritic stalk, labeling that becomes progressively conspicuous by P10, as it is in maturity. This developmental time course is consistent with a prospective role for each gene in the differentiation of AII amacrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Keeley
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Benjamin E Reese
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
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19
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Transcriptional regulation of Nfix by NFIB drives astrocytic maturation within the developing spinal cord. Dev Biol 2017; 432:286-297. [PMID: 29106906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During mouse spinal cord development, ventricular zone progenitor cells transition from producing neurons to producing glia at approximately embryonic day 11.5, a process known as the gliogenic switch. The transcription factors Nuclear Factor I (NFI) A and B initiate this developmental transition, but the contribution of a third NFI member, NFIX, remains unknown. Here, we reveal that ventricular zone progenitor cells within the spinal cord express NFIX after the onset of NFIA and NFIB expression, and after the gliogenic switch has occurred. Mice lacking NFIX exhibit normal neurogenesis within the spinal cord, and, while early astrocytic differentiation proceeds normally, aspects of terminal astrocytic differentiation are impaired. Finally, we report that, in the absence of Nfia or Nfib, there is a marked reduction in the spinal cord expression of NFIX, and that NFIB can transcriptionally activate Nfix expression in vitro. These data demonstrate that NFIX is part of the downstream transcriptional program through which NFIA and NFIB coordinate gliogenesis within the spinal cord. This hierarchical organisation of NFI protein expression and function during spinal cord gliogenesis reveals a previously unrecognised auto-regulatory mechanism within this gene family.
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20
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The convergent roles of the nuclear factor I transcription factors in development and cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 410:124-138. [PMID: 28962832 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor I (NFI) transcription factors play important roles during normal development and have been associated with developmental abnormalities in humans. All four family members, NFIA, NFIB, NFIC and NFIX, have a homologous DNA binding domain and function by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation via the transcriptional control of their target genes. More recently, NFI genes have also been implicated in cancer based on genomic analyses and studies of animal models in a variety of tumours across multiple organ systems. However, the association between their functions in development and in cancer is not well described. In this review, we summarise the evidence suggesting a converging role for the NFI genes in development and cancer. Our review includes all cancer types in which the NFI genes are implicated, focusing predominantly on studies demonstrating their oncogenic or tumour-suppressive potential. We conclude by presenting the challenges impeding our understanding of NFI function in cancer biology, and demonstrate how a developmental perspective may contribute towards overcoming such hurdles.
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Chen KS, Harris L, Lim JWC, Harvey TJ, Piper M, Gronostajski RM, Richards LJ, Bunt J. Differential neuronal and glial expression of nuclear factor I proteins in the cerebral cortex of adult mice. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2465-2483. [PMID: 28295292 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors plays an important role in the development of the cerebral cortex in humans and mice. Disruption of nuclear factor IA (NFIA), nuclear factor IB (NFIB), or nuclear factor IX (NFIX) results in abnormal development of the corpus callosum, lateral ventricles, and hippocampus. However, the expression or function of these genes has not been examined in detail in the adult brain, and the cell type-specific expression of NFIA, NFIB, and NFIX is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of each NFI protein shows a distinct laminar pattern in the adult mouse neocortex and that their cell type-specific expression differs depending on the family member. NFIA expression was more frequently observed in astrocytes and oligodendroglia, whereas NFIB expression was predominantly localized to astrocytes and neurons. NFIX expression was most commonly observed in neurons. The NFI proteins were equally distributed within microglia, and the ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain expressed all three proteins. In the hippocampus, the NFI proteins were expressed during all stages of neural stem cell differentiation in the dentate gyrus, with higher expression intensity in neuroblast cells as compared to quiescent stem cells and mature granule neurons. These findings suggest that the NFI proteins may play distinct roles in cell lineage specification or maintenance, and establish the basis for further investigation of their function in the adult brain and their emerging role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Siong Chen
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Lim
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracey J Harvey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Linda J Richards
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jens Bunt
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Cell-type-specific expression of NFIX in the developing and adult cerebellum. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2251-2270. [PMID: 27878595 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors from the nuclear factor one (NFI) family have been shown to play a central role in regulating neural progenitor cell differentiation within the embryonic and post-natal brain. NFIA and NFIB, for instance, promote the differentiation and functional maturation of granule neurons within the cerebellum. Mice lacking Nfix exhibit delays in the development of neuronal and glial lineages within the cerebellum, but the cell-type-specific expression of this transcription factor remains undefined. Here, we examined the expression of NFIX, together with various cell-type-specific markers, within the developing and adult cerebellum using both chromogenic immunohistochemistry and co-immunofluorescence labelling and confocal microscopy. In embryos, NFIX was expressed by progenitor cells within the rhombic lip and ventricular zone. After birth, progenitor cells within the external granule layer, as well as migrating and mature granule neurons, expressed NFIX. Within the adult cerebellum, NFIX displayed a broad expression profile, and was evident within granule cells, Bergmann glia, and interneurons, but not within Purkinje neurons. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling of cerebellar granule neuron progenitor cells showed that multiple splice variants of Nfix are expressed within this germinal zone of the post-natal brain. Collectively, these data suggest that NFIX plays a role in regulating progenitor cell biology within the embryonic and post-natal cerebellum, as well as an ongoing role within multiple neuronal and glial populations within the adult cerebellum.
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Insights into the Biology and Therapeutic Applications of Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9745315. [PMID: 27069486 PMCID: PMC4812498 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9745315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is essential for our higher cognitive functions and emotional reasoning. Arguably, this brain structure is the distinguishing feature of our species, and yet our remarkable cognitive capacity has seemingly come at a cost to the regenerative capacity of the human brain. Indeed, the capacity for regeneration and neurogenesis of the brains of vertebrates has declined over the course of evolution, from fish to rodents to primates. Nevertheless, recent evidence supporting the existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult human brain raises new questions about the biological significance of adult neurogenesis in relation to ageing and the possibility that such endogenous sources of NSCs might provide therapeutic options for the treatment of brain injury and disease. Here, we highlight recent insights and perspectives on NSCs within both the developing and adult cerebral cortex. Our review of NSCs during development focuses upon the diversity and therapeutic potential of these cells for use in cellular transplantation and in the modeling of neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we describe the cellular and molecular characteristics of NSCs within the adult brain and strategies to harness the therapeutic potential of these cell populations in the treatment of brain injury and disease.
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Vidovic D, Harris L, Harvey TJ, Evelyn Heng YH, Smith AG, Osinski J, Hughes J, Thomas P, Gronostajski RM, Bailey TL, Piper M. Expansion of the lateral ventricles and ependymal deficits underlie the hydrocephalus evident in mice lacking the transcription factor NFIX. Brain Res 2015; 1616:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Laclef C, Anselme I, Besse L, Catala M, Palmyre A, Baas D, Paschaki M, Pedraza M, Métin C, Durand B, Schneider-Maunoury S. The role of primary cilia in corpus callosum formation is mediated by production of the Gli3 repressor. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4997-5014. [PMID: 26071364 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a frequent brain disorder found in over 80 human congenital syndromes including ciliopathies. Here, we report a severe AgCC in Ftm/Rpgrip1l knockout mouse, which provides a valuable model for Meckel-Grüber syndrome. Rpgrip1l encodes a protein of the ciliary transition zone, which is essential for ciliogenesis in several cell types in mouse including neuroepithelial cells in the developing forebrain. We show that AgCC in Rpgrip1l(-/-) mouse is associated with a disturbed location of guidepost cells in the dorsomedial telencephalon. This mislocalization results from early patterning defects and abnormal cortico-septal boundary (CSB) formation in the medial telencephalon. We demonstrate that all these defects primarily result from altered GLI3 processing. Indeed, AgCC, together with patterning defects and mispositioning of guidepost cells, is rescued by overexpressing in Rpgrip1l(-/-) embryos, the short repressor form of the GLI3 transcription factor (GLI3R), provided by the Gli3(Δ699) allele. Furthermore, Gli3(Δ699) also rescues AgCC in Rfx3(-/-) embryos deficient for the ciliogenic RFX3 transcription factor that regulates the expression of several ciliary genes. These data demonstrate that GLI3 processing is a major outcome of primary cilia function in dorsal telencephalon morphogenesis. Rescuing CC formation in two independent ciliary mutants by GLI3(Δ699) highlights the crucial role of primary cilia in maintaining the proper level of GLI3R required for morphogenesis of the CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Laclef
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
| | - Isabelle Anselme
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
| | - Laurianne Besse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
| | - Martin Catala
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and Fédération de Neurologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-APHP, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Palmyre
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
| | - Dominique Baas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS, CGPhiMC-UMR5534, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France and
| | - Marie Paschaki
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS, CGPhiMC-UMR5534, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France and
| | - Maria Pedraza
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM S839, F-75005 Paris, France, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, S839, Paris, France
| | - Christine Métin
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM S839, F-75005 Paris, France, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, S839, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Durand
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS, CGPhiMC-UMR5534, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France and
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
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Bunt J, Lim JWC, Zhao L, Mason S, Richards LJ. PAX6 does not regulate Nfia and Nfib expression during neocortical development. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10668. [PMID: 26021864 PMCID: PMC4448127 DOI: 10.1038/srep10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors regulates proliferation and differentiation throughout the developing central nervous system. In the developing telencephalon of humans and mice, reduced Nfi expression is associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum and other neurodevelopmental defects. Currently, little is known about how Nfi expression is regulated during early telencephalic development. PAX6, a transcription factor important for telencephalic development, has been proposed as an upstream regulator of Nfi expression in the neocortex. Here we demonstrate that, in the developing neocortex of mice, NFIA and NFIB are endogenously expressed in gradients with high caudo-medial to low rostro-lateral expression and are most highly expressed in the cortical plate. We found that this expression pattern deviates from that of PAX6, suggesting that PAX6 does not drive Nfi expression. This is supported by in vitro reporter assays showing that PAX6 over-expression does not regulate Nfi promoter activity. Similarly, we also found that in the Pax6 Small Eye mutant, no changes in Nfi mRNA or protein expression are observed in the neocortical ventricular zone where PAX6 and the NFIs are expressed. Together these data demonstrate that in mice, PAX6 is not a transcriptional activator of Nfi expression during neocortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bunt
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Lim
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Lu Zhao
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Sharon Mason
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- 1] Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia [2] The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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Harris L, Genovesi LA, Gronostajski RM, Wainwright BJ, Piper M. Nuclear factor one transcription factors: Divergent functions in developmental versus adult stem cell populations. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:227-38. [PMID: 25156673 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor one (NFI) transcription factors are a group of site-specific DNA-binding proteins that are emerging as critical regulators of stem cell biology. During development NFIs promote the production of differentiated progeny at the expense of stem cell fate, with Nfi null mice exhibiting defects such as severely delayed brain and lung maturation, skeletomuscular defects and renal abnormalities, phenotypes that are often consistent with patients with congenital Nfi mutations. Intriguingly, recent research suggests that in adult tissues NFI factors play a qualitatively different role than during development, with NFIs serving to promote the survival and maintenance of slow-cycling adult stem cell populations rather than their differentiation. Here we review the role of NFI factors in development, largely focusing on their role as promoters of stem cell differentiation, and attempt to reconcile this with the emerging role of NFIs in adult stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Betancourt J, Katzman S, Chen B. Nuclear factor one B regulates neural stem cell differentiation and axonal projection of corticofugal neurons. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:6-35. [PMID: 23749646 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During development of the cerebral cortex, neural stem cells divide to expand the progenitor pool and generate basal progenitors, outer radial glia, and cortical neurons. As these newly born neurons differentiate, they must properly migrate toward their final destination in the cortical plate, project axons to appropriate targets, and develop dendrites. However, a complete understanding of the precise genetic mechanisms regulating these steps is lacking. Here we show that a member of the nuclear factor one (NFI) family of transcription factors, NFIB, is essential for many of these processes in mice. We performed a detailed analysis of NFIB expression during cortical development, and investigated defects in cortical neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and differentiation in NfiB(-/-) brains. We found that NFIB is strongly expressed in radial glia and corticofugal neurons throughout cortical development. However, in NfiB(-/-) cortices, radial glia failed to generate outer radial glia, subsequently resulting in a loss of late basal progenitors. In addition, corticofugal neurons showed a severe loss of axonal projections, whereas late-born cortical neurons displayed defects in migration and ectopically expressed the early-born neuronal marker CTIP2. Furthermore, gene expression analysis, by RNA sequencing, revealed a misexpression of genes that regulate the cell cycle, neuronal differentiation and migration in NfiB(-/-) brains. Together these results demonstrate the critical functions of NFIB in regulating cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Betancourt
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064
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Tsai PC, Bake S, Balaraman S, Rawlings J, Holgate RR, Dubois D, Miranda RC. MiR-153 targets the nuclear factor-1 family and protects against teratogenic effects of ethanol exposure in fetal neural stem cells. Biol Open 2014; 3:741-58. [PMID: 25063196 PMCID: PMC4133727 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20147765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol exposure during pregnancy is an established cause of birth defects, including neurodevelopmental defects. Most adult neurons are produced during the second trimester-equivalent period. The fetal neural stem cells (NSCs) that generate these neurons are an important but poorly understood target for teratogenesis. A cohort of miRNAs, including miR-153, may serve as mediators of teratogenesis. We previously showed that ethanol decreased, while nicotine increased miR-153 expression in NSCs. To understand the role of miR-153 in the etiology of teratology, we first screened fetal cortical NSCs cultured ex vivo, by microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses, to identify cell-signaling mRNAs and gene networks as important miR-153 targets. Moreover, miR-153 over-expression prevented neuronal differentiation without altering neuroepithelial cell survival or proliferation. Analysis of 3'UTRs and in utero over-expression of pre-miR-153 in fetal mouse brain identified Nfia (nuclear factor-1A) and its paralog, Nfib, as direct targets of miR-153. In utero ethanol exposure resulted in a predicted expansion of Nfia and Nfib expression in the fetal telencephalon. In turn, miR-153 over-expression prevented, and partly reversed, the effects of ethanol exposure on miR-153 target transcripts. Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist that, like nicotine, induces miR-153 expression, also prevented and reversed the effects of ethanol exposure. These data collectively provide evidence for a role for miR-153 in preventing premature NSC differentiation. Moreover, they provide the first evidence in a preclinical model that direct or pharmacological manipulation of miRNAs have the potential to prevent or even reverse effects of a teratogen like ethanol on fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Chi Tsai
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807-3260, USA
| | - Shameena Bake
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807-3260, USA
| | - Sridevi Balaraman
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807-3260, USA
| | - Jeremy Rawlings
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807-3260, USA
| | - Rhonda R Holgate
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807-3260, USA
| | - Dustin Dubois
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807-3260, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807-3260, USA
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Naka-Kaneda H, Shimazaki T, Okano H. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of the neurogenic-to-gliogenic competence transition of neural stem/progenitor cells. NEUROGENESIS 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/neur.29542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential in regulating neural progenitor cell self-renewal, with the chromatin-modifying protein Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) emerging as a central player in promoting progenitor cell self-renewal during cortical development. Despite this, how Ezh2 is itself regulated remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor nuclear factor IB (NFIB) plays a key role in this process. Nfib(-/-) mice exhibit an increased number of proliferative ventricular zone cells that express progenitor cell markers and upregulation of EZH2 expression within the neocortex and hippocampus. NFIB binds to the Ezh2 promoter and overexpression of NFIB represses Ezh2 transcription. Finally, key downstream targets of EZH2-mediated epigenetic repression are misregulated in Nfib(-/-) mice. Collectively, these results suggest that the downregulation of Ezh2 transcription by NFIB is an important component of the process of neural progenitor cell differentiation during cortical development.
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32
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Aggarwal M, Gobius I, Richards LJ, Mori S. Diffusion MR Microscopy of Cortical Development in the Mouse Embryo. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:1970-80. [PMID: 24518754 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical development in the mouse embryo involves complex changes in the microstructure of the telencephalic wall, which are challenging to examine using three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques. In this study, high-resolution 3D diffusion magnetic resonance (dMR) microscopy of the embryonic mouse cortex is presented. Using diffusion-weighted gradient- and spin-echo based acquisition, dMR microimaging data were acquired from fixed mouse embryos at 7 developmental stages from embryonic day (E)12.5 to E18.5. The dMR imaging (dMRI) contrasts revealed microscopic structural detail in the mouse telencephalic wall, allowing delineation of transient zones in the developing cortex based on their unique diffusion signatures. With the high-resolution 3D data of the mouse embryo, we were able to visualize the complex microstructure of embryonic cerebral tissue and to resolve its regional and temporal evolution during cortical formation. Furthermore, averaged dMRI contrasts generated via deformable registration revealed distinct spatial and temporal gradients of anisotropy variation across the developing embryonic cortical plate and the ventricular zone. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of 3D dMRI to resolve the complex microstructure of the embryonic mouse cortex, and will be important for investigations of corticogenesis and its disruption in embryonic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Aggarwal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susumu Mori
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lee JS, Xiao J, Patel P, Schade J, Wang J, Deneen B, Erdreich-Epstein A, Song HR. A novel tumor-promoting role for nuclear factor IA in glioblastomas is mediated through negative regulation of p53, p21, and PAI1. Neuro Oncol 2013; 16:191-203. [PMID: 24305710 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor IA (NFIA), a transcription factor and essential regulator in embryonic glial development, is highly expressed in human glioblastoma (GBM) compared with normal brain, but its contribution to GBM and cancer pathogenesis is unknown. Here we demonstrate a novel role for NFIA in promoting growth and migration of GBM and establish the molecular mechanisms mediating these functions. Methods To determine the role of NFIA in glioma, we examined the effects of NFIA in growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. We used gain-of-function (overexpression) and loss-of-function (shRNA knockdown) of NFIA in primary patient-derived GBM cells and established glioma cell lines in culture and in intracranial xenografts in mouse brains. Results Knockdown of native NFIA blocked tumor growth and induced cell death and apoptosis. Complementing this, NFIA overexpression accelerated growth, proliferation, and migration of GBM in cell culture and in mouse brains. These NFIA tumor-promoting effects were mediated via transcriptional repression of p53, p21, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) through specific NFIA-recognition sequences in their promoters. Importantly, the effects of NFIA on proliferation and apoptosis were independent of TP53 mutation status, a finding especially relevant for GBM, in which TP53 is frequently mutated. Conclusion NFIA is a modulator of GBM growth and migration, and functions by distinct regulation of critical oncogenic pathways that govern the malignant behavior of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Lee
- Corresponding author: Hae-Ri Song, MD, New York University School of Medicine, Smilow Research Center 1306, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
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The miR-223/nuclear factor I-A axis regulates glial precursor proliferation and tumorigenesis in the CNS. J Neurosci 2013; 33:13560-8. [PMID: 23946414 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0321-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary views of tumorigenesis regard its inception as a convergence of genetic mutation and developmental context. Glioma is the most common and deadly malignancy in the CNS; therefore, understanding how regulators of glial development contribute to its formation remains a key question. Previously we identified nuclear factor I-A (NFIA) as a key regulator of developmental gliogenesis, while miR-223 has been shown to repress NFIA expression in other systems. Using this relationship as a starting point, we found that miR-223 can suppress glial precursor proliferation via repression of NFIA during chick spinal cord development. This relationship is conserved in glioma, as miR-223 and NFIA expression is negatively correlated in human glioma tumors, and the miR-223/NFIA axis suppresses tumorigenesis in a human glioma cell line. Subsequent analysis of NFIA function revealed that it directly represses p21 and is required for tumorigenesis in a mouse neural stem cell model of glioma. These studies represent the first characterization of miR-223/NFIA axis function in glioma and demonstrate that it is a conserved proliferative mechanism across CNS development and tumorigenesis.
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Kmet M, Guo C, Edmondson C, Chen B. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into corticofugal neurons uncovers heterogeneous Fezf2-expressing subpopulations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67292. [PMID: 23826257 PMCID: PMC3691138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how neuronal diversity is achieved within the cerebral cortex remains a major challenge in neuroscience. The advent of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a model system provides a unique opportunity to study human corticogenesis in vitro and to identify the mechanisms that promote neuronal differentiation to achieve neuronal diversity in human brain. The transcription factor Fezf2 is necessary and sufficient for the specification of subcerebral projection neurons in mouse. However, its function during human corticogenesis is poorly understood. This study reports the differentiation of a hFezf2-YFP hESC reporter line into corticofugal projection neurons capable of extending axons toward the spinal cord upon transplantation into neonatal mouse brains. Additionally, we show that triple inhibition of the TGFß/BMP/Wnt-Shh pathway promotes the generation of hFezf2-expressing cells in vitro. Finally, this study unveils the isolation of two novel and distinct populations of hFezf2-YFP expressing cells reminiscent of the distinct Fezf2-expressing neuronal subtypes in the developing mouse brain. Overall our data suggest that the directed differentiation of hESCs into corticofugal neurons provides a useful model to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating human corticofugal differentiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Kmet
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Carina Edmondson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Harris L, Dixon C, Cato K, Heng YHE, Kurniawan ND, Ullmann JFP, Janke AL, Gronostajski RM, Richards LJ, Burne THJ, Piper M. Heterozygosity for nuclear factor one x affects hippocampal-dependent behaviour in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65478. [PMID: 23776487 PMCID: PMC3679126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the genes that regulate the development and subsequent functioning of the hippocampus is pivotal to understanding the role of this cortical structure in learning and memory. One group of genes that has been shown to be critical for the early development of the hippocampus is the Nuclear factor one (Nfi) family, which encodes four site-specific transcription factors, NFIA, NFIB, NFIC and NFIX. In mice lacking Nfia, Nfib or Nfix, aspects of early hippocampal development, including neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus, are delayed. However, due to the perinatal lethality of these mice, it is not clear whether this hippocampal phenotype persists to adulthood and affects hippocampal-dependent behaviour. To address this we examined the hippocampal phenotype of mice heterozygous for Nfix (Nfix (+/-)), which survive to adulthood. We found that Nfix (+/-) mice had reduced expression of NFIX throughout the brain, including the hippocampus, and that early hippocampal development in these mice was disrupted, producing a phenotype intermediate to that of wild-type mice and Nfix(-/-) mice. The abnormal hippocampal morphology of Nfix (+/-) mice persisted to adulthood, and these mice displayed a specific performance deficit in the Morris water maze learning and memory task. These findings demonstrate that the level of Nfix expression during development and within the adult is essential for the function of the hippocampus during learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chantelle Dixon
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kathleen Cato
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yee Hsieh Evelyn Heng
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nyoman D. Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Andrew L. Janke
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard M. Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry and the Program in Neuroscience, Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Richards
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas H. J. Burne
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Chou SJ, O'Leary DDM. Role for Lhx2 in corticogenesis through regulation of progenitor differentiation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 56:1-9. [PMID: 23454273 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The neocortex represents the brain region that has undergone a major increase in its relative size during the course of mammalian evolution. The larger cortex results from a corresponding increase in progenitor cell number. The progenitors giving rise to neocortex are located in the ventricular zone of the dorsal telencephalon and highly express Lhx2, a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor. The neocortex fails to form in the Lhx2 constitutive knockout, indicating a role for Lhx2 in corticogenesis, but mid-embryonic lethality of the Lhx2 knockout requires the use of conditional strategies for further studies. Therefore, to explore Lhx2 function in neocortical progenitors, we generated mice with Lhx2 conditionally deleted from cortical progenitors at the onset of neurogenesis. We find that Lhx2 is critical for maintaining the proliferative state of neocortical progenitors during corticogenesis. In the conditional knockouts, the neocortex is formed but is significantly smaller than wild type. We find that deletion of Lhx2 leads to significantly decreased numbers of cortical progenitors and premature neuronal differentiation. A likely mechanism is indicated by our findings that Lhx2 is required for the expression of Hes1 in cortical progenitors, a key effector in the Notch signaling pathway that maintains the proliferative progenitor state. We conclude that Lhx2 regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation in cortical progenitors and through this mechanism Lhx2 controls cortical size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ju Chou
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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SOX2 co-occupies distal enhancer elements with distinct POU factors in ESCs and NPCs to specify cell state. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003288. [PMID: 23437007 PMCID: PMC3578749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a master regulator of both pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs); however, we currently lack a detailed understanding of how SOX2 controls these distinct stem cell populations. Here we show by genome-wide analysis that, while SOX2 bound to a distinct set of gene promoters in ESCs and NPCs, the majority of regions coincided with unique distal enhancer elements, important cis-acting regulators of tissue-specific gene expression programs. Notably, SOX2 bound the same consensus DNA motif in both cell types, suggesting that additional factors contribute to target specificity. We found that, similar to its association with OCT4 (Pou5f1) in ESCs, the related POU family member BRN2 (Pou3f2) co-occupied a large set of putative distal enhancers with SOX2 in NPCs. Forced expression of BRN2 in ESCs led to functional recruitment of SOX2 to a subset of NPC-specific targets and to precocious differentiation toward a neural-like state. Further analysis of the bound sequences revealed differences in the distances of SOX and POU peaks in the two cell types and identified motifs for additional transcription factors. Together, these data suggest that SOX2 controls a larger network of genes than previously anticipated through binding of distal enhancers and that transitions in POU partner factors may control tissue-specific transcriptional programs. Our findings have important implications for understanding lineage specification and somatic cell reprogramming, where SOX2, OCT4, and BRN2 have been shown to be key factors. In mammals, a few thousand transcription factors regulate the differential expression of more than 20,000 genes to specify ∼200 functionally distinct cell types during development. How this is accomplished has been a major focus of biology. Transcription factors bind non-coding DNA regulatory elements, including proximal promoters and distal enhancers, to control gene expression. Emerging evidence indicates that transcription factor binding at distal enhancers plays an important role in the establishment of tissue-specific gene expression programs during development. Further, combinatorial binding among groups of transcription factors can further increase the diversity and specificity of regulatory modules. Here, we report the genome-wide binding profile of the HMG-box containing transcription factor SOX2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and we show that SOX2 occupied a distinct set of binding sites with POU homeodomain family members, OCT4 in ESCs and BRN2 in NPCs. Thus, transitions in SOX2-POU partners may control tissue-specific gene networks. Ultimately, a global analysis detailing the combinatorial binding of transcription factors across all tissues is critical to understand cell fate specification in the context of the complex mammalian genome.
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Magnani D, Hasenpusch-Theil K, Benadiba C, Yu T, Basson MA, Price DJ, Lebrand C, Theil T. Gli3 controls corpus callosum formation by positioning midline guideposts during telencephalic patterning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:186-98. [PMID: 23042737 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) represents the major forebrain commissure connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres. Midline crossing of callosal axons is controlled by several glial and neuronal guideposts specifically located along the callosal path, but it remains unknown how these cells acquire their position. Here, we show that the Gli3 hypomorphic mouse mutant Polydactyly Nagoya (Pdn) displays agenesis of the CC and mislocation of the glial and neuronal guidepost cells. Using transplantation experiments, we demonstrate that agenesis of the CC is primarily caused by midline defects. These defects originate during telencephalic patterning and involve an up-regulation of Slit2 expression and altered Fgf and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mutations in sprouty1/2 which mimic the changes in these signaling pathways cause a disorganization of midline guideposts and CC agenesis. Moreover, a partial recovery of midline abnormalities in Pdn/Pdn;Slit2(-/-) embryos mutants confirms the functional importance of correct Slit2 expression levels for callosal development. Hence, Gli3 controlled restriction of Fgf and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and of Slit2 expression is crucial for positioning midline guideposts and callosal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Magnani
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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40
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Heng YHE, McLeay RC, Harvey TJ, Smith AG, Barry G, Cato K, Plachez C, Little E, Mason S, Dixon C, Gronostajski RM, Bailey TL, Richards LJ, Piper M. NFIX regulates neural progenitor cell differentiation during hippocampal morphogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:261-79. [PMID: 23042739 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells have the ability to give rise to neurons and glia in the embryonic, postnatal and adult brain. During development, the program regulating whether these cells divide and self-renew or exit the cell cycle and differentiate is tightly controlled, and imbalances to the normal trajectory of this process can lead to severe functional consequences. However, our understanding of the molecular regulation of these fundamental events remains limited. Moreover, processes underpinning development of the postnatal neurogenic niches within the cortex remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that Nuclear factor one X (NFIX) is expressed by neural progenitor cells within the embryonic hippocampus, and that progenitor cell differentiation is delayed within Nfix(-/-) mice. Moreover, we reveal that the morphology of the dentate gyrus in postnatal Nfix(-/-) mice is abnormal, with fewer subgranular zone neural progenitor cells being generated in the absence of this transcription factor. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the progenitor cell maintenance factor Sry-related HMG box 9 (SOX9) is upregulated in the hippocampus of Nfix(-/-) mice and demonstrate that NFIX can repress Sox9 promoter-driven transcription. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that NFIX plays a central role in hippocampal morphogenesis, regulating the formation of neuronal and glial populations within this structure.
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41
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Plachez C, Cato K, McLeay RC, Heng YHE, Bailey TL, Gronostasjki RM, Richards LJ, Puche AC, Piper M. Expression of nuclear factor one A and -B in the olfactory bulb. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:3135-49. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Piper M, Harris L, Barry G, Heng YHE, Plachez C, Gronostajski RM, Richards LJ. Nuclear factor one X regulates the development of multiple cellular populations in the postnatal cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 2012; 519:3532-48. [PMID: 21800304 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of the cerebellum involves the coordinated proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and integration of cells from multiple neuronal and glial lineages. In rodent models, much of this occurs in the early postnatal period. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate this phase of cerebellar development remains incomplete. Here, we address the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor one X (NFIX), in postnatal development of the cerebellum. NFIX is expressed by progenitor cells within the external granular layer and by cerebellar granule neurons within the internal granule layer. Using NFIX⁻/⁻ mice, we demonstrate that the development of cerebellar granule neurons and Purkinje cells within the postnatal cerebellum is delayed in the absence of this transcription factor. Furthermore, the differentiation of mature glia within the cerebellum, such as Bergmann glia, is also significantly delayed in the absence of NFIX. Collectively, the expression pattern of NFIX, coupled with the delays in the differentiation of multiple cell populations of the developing cerebellum in NFIX⁻/⁻ mice, suggest a central role for NFIX in the regulation of cerebellar development, highlighting the importance of this gene for the maturation of this key structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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43
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Loss of neuronal potassium/chloride cotransporter 3 (KCC3) is responsible for the degenerative phenotype in a conditional mouse model of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum. J Neurosci 2012; 32:3865-76. [PMID: 22423107 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3679-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the potassium/chloride cotransporter 3 (KCC3), encoded by the SLC12A6 gene, causes hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum (HMSN/ACC), a neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder affecting both the peripheral nervous system and CNS. However, the precise role of KCC3 in the maintenance of ion homeostasis in the nervous system and the pathogenic mechanisms leading to HMSN/ACC remain unclear. We established two Slc12a6 Cre/LoxP transgenic mouse lines expressing C-terminal truncated KCC3 in either a neuron-specific or ubiquitous fashion. Our results suggest that neuronal KCC3 expression is crucial for axon volume control. We also demonstrate that the neuropathic features of HMSN/ACC are predominantly due to a neuronal KCC3 deficit, while the auditory impairment is due to loss of non-neuronal KCC3 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that KCC3 plays an essential role in inflammatory pain pathways. Finally, we observed hypoplasia of the corpus callosum in both mouse mutants and a marked decrease in axonal tracts serving the auditory cortex in only the general deletion mutant. Together, these results establish KCC3 as an important player in both central and peripheral nervous system maintenance.
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Unni DK, Piper M, Moldrich RX, Gobius I, Liu S, Fothergill T, Donahoo ALS, Baisden JM, Cooper HM, Richards LJ. Multiple Slits regulate the development of midline glial populations and the corpus callosum. Dev Biol 2012; 365:36-49. [PMID: 22349628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Slit molecules are chemorepulsive ligands that regulate axon guidance at the midline of both vertebrates and invertebrates. In mammals, there are three Slit genes, but only Slit2 has been studied in any detail with regard to mammalian brain commissure formation. Here, we sought to understand the relative contributions that Slit proteins make to the formation of the largest brain commissure, the corpus callosum. Slit ligands bind Robo receptors, and previous studies have shown that Robo1(-/-) mice have defects in corpus callosum development. However, whether the Slit genes signal exclusively through Robo1 during callosal formation is unclear. To investigate this, we compared the development of the corpus callosum in both Slit2(-/-) and Robo1(-/-) mice using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. This analysis demonstrated similarities in the phenotypes of these mice, but crucially also highlighted subtle differences, particularly with regard to the guidance of post-crossing axons. Analysis of single mutations in Slit family members revealed corpus callosum defects (but not complete agenesis) in 100% of Slit2(-/-) mice and 30% of Slit3(-/-) mice, whereas 100% of Slit1(-/-); Slit2(-/-) mice displayed complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. These results revealed a role for Slit1 in corpus callosum development, and demonstrated that Slit2 was necessary but not sufficient for midline crossing in vivo. However, co-culture experiments utilising Robo1(-/-) tissue versus Slit2 expressing cell blocks demonstrated that Slit2 was sufficient for the guidance activity mediated by Robo1 in pre-crossing neocortical axons. This suggested that Slit1 and Slit3 might also be involved in regulating other mechanisms that allow the corpus callosum to form, such as the establishment of midline glial populations. Investigation of this revealed defects in the development and dorso-ventral positioning of the indusium griseum glia in multiple Slit mutants. These findings indicate that Slits regulate callosal development via both classical chemorepulsive mechanisms, and via a novel role in mediating the correct positioning of midline glial populations. Finally, our data also indicate that some of the roles of Slit proteins at the midline may be independent of Robo signalling, suggestive of additional receptors regulating Slit signalling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya K Unni
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Heng YHE, Barry G, Richards LJ, Piper M. Nuclear factor I genes regulate neuronal migration. Neurosignals 2012; 20:159-67. [PMID: 22456058 DOI: 10.1159/000330651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration plays a central role in the formation of the brain, and deficits in this process can lead to aberrant brain function and subsequent disease. Neuronal migration is a complex process that involves the interaction of the neuron with the surrounding environmental milieu, and as such involves both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Studies performed in rodent models to investigate the formation of brain structures have provided key insights into how neuronal migration is coordinated during development. Within the cerebral cortex, glutamatergic neurons derived from the cortical ventricular zone migrate radially into the cortical plate, whereas interneurons derived within the ventrally located ganglionic eminences migrate tangentially into the cortex. Within the embryonic cerebellum, cerebellar granule neuron progenitors migrate from the rhombic lip over the surface of the cerebellar anlage, before differentiating and migrating radially into the internal granule layer of the cerebellum perinatally. In this review, we focus on one family of proteins, the nuclear factor I transcription factors, and review our understanding of how these molecules contribute to the formation of the hippocampus and the cerebellum via the regulation of neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Hsieh Evelyn Heng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Kilpatrick DL, Wang W, Gronostajski R, Litwack ED. Nuclear factor I and cerebellar granule neuron development: an intrinsic-extrinsic interplay. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 11:41-9. [PMID: 22548229 PMCID: PMC3175246 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-010-0227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Granule neurons have a central role in cerebellar function via their synaptic interactions with other neuronal cell types both within and outside this structure. Establishment of these synaptic connections and its control is therefore essential to their function. Both intrinsic as well as environmental mechanisms are required for neuronal development and formation of neuronal circuits, and a key but poorly understood question is how these various events are coordinated and integrated in maturing neurons. In this review, we summarize recent work on the role of the Nuclear Factor I family in the transcriptional programming of cerebellar granule neuron maturation and synapse formation. In particular, we describe (1) the involvement of this family of factors in key developmental steps occurring throughout postmitotic granule neuron development, including dendrite and synapse formation and synaptic receptor expression, and (2) the mediation of these actions by critical downstream gene targets that control cell-cell interactions. These findings illustrate how Nuclear Factor I proteins and their regulons function as a “bridge” between cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic interactions to control multiple phases of granule neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Kilpatrick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, and Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Chen CP, Su YN, Chen YY, Chern SR, Liu YP, Wu PC, Lee CC, Chen YT, Wang W. Chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome: prenatal diagnosis by array comparative genomic hybridization using uncultured amniocytes and association with NFIA haploinsufficiency, ventriculomegaly, corpus callosum hypogenesis, abnormal external genitalia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 50:345-52. [PMID: 22030051 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present prenatal diagnosis of chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome with NFIA haploinsufficiency, ventriculomegaly, corpus callosum hypogenesis, abnormal external genitalia, and intrauterine growth restriction and to review the literature. MATERIALS, METHODS, AND RESULTS A 26-year-old, primigravid woman was referred for amniocentesis at 30 weeks of gestation because of hydrocephalus and short limbs. Prenatal ultrasound showed macrocephaly, prominent forehead, ventriculomegaly, corpus callosum hypogenesis, micrognathia, and ambiguous external genitalia. Amniocentesis was performed, and array comparative genomic hybridization using uncultured amniocytes revealed a 22.2-Mb deletion of 1p32.3-p31.1 [arr cgh 1p32.3p31.1 (55,500,291 bp-77,711,982 bp)×1] encompassing the genes of NFIA, GPR177, and 89 additional genes. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,del(1)(p31.1p32.3)dn. At 33 weeks of gestation, a dead fetus was delivered with a body weight of 1536g (<5(th) centile); relative macrocephaly; a broad face; prominent forehead; hypertelorism; anteverted nostrils; micrognathia; low-set ears; and abnormal female external genitalia with labial fusion, labial hypertrophy, absence of vaginal opening, and clitoral hypertrophy. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis determined a paternal origin of the deletion. CONCLUSION Prenatal diagnosis of ventriculomegaly with an abnormal corpus callosum should alert subtle chromosome aberrations and prompt molecular cytogenetic investigation if necessary. Fetuses with chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome and haploinsufficiency of the NFIA gene may present ventriculomegaly, corpus callosum hypogenesis, abnormal external genitalia, and intrauterine growth restriction in the third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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48
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Choi J, Ababon MR, Matteson PG, Millonig JH. Cut-like homeobox 1 and nuclear factor I/B mediate ENGRAILED2 autism spectrum disorder-associated haplotype function. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:1566-80. [PMID: 22180456 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both common and rare variants contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk, but few variants have been established as functional. Previously we demonstrated that an intronic haplotype (rs1861972-rs1861973 A-C) in the homeobox transcription factor ENGRAILED2 (EN2) is significantly associated with ASD. Positive association has also been reported in six additional data sets, suggesting EN2 is an ASD susceptibility gene. Additional support for this possibility requires identification of functional variants that affect EN2 regulation or activity. In this study, we demonstrate that the A-C haplotype is a transcriptional activator. Luciferase (luc) assays in mouse neuronal cultures determined that the A-C haplotype increases expression levels (50%, P < 0.01, 24 h; 250%, P < 0.0001, 72 h). Mutational analysis indicates that the A-C haplotype activator function requires both associated A and C alleles. A minimal 202-bp element is sufficient for function and also specifically binds a protein complex. Mass spectrometry identified these proteins as the transcription factors, Cut-like homeobox 1 (Cux1) and nuclear factor I/B (Nfib). Subsequent antibody supershifts and chromatin immunoprecipitations demonstrated that human CUX1 and NFIB bind the A-C haplotype. Co-transfection and knock-down experiments determined that both CUX1 and NFIB are required for the A-C haplotype activator function. These data demonstrate that the ASD-associated A-C haplotype is a transcriptional activator, and both CUX1 and NFIB mediate this activity. These results provide biochemical evidence that the ASD-associated A-C haplotype is functional, further supporting EN2 as an ASD susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Choi
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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49
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Waki H, Nakamura M, Yamauchi T, Wakabayashi KI, Yu J, Hirose-Yotsuya L, Take K, Sun W, Iwabu M, Okada-Iwabu M, Fujita T, Aoyama T, Tsutsumi S, Ueki K, Kodama T, Sakai J, Aburatani H, Kadowaki T. Global mapping of cell type-specific open chromatin by FAIRE-seq reveals the regulatory role of the NFI family in adipocyte differentiation. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002311. [PMID: 22028663 PMCID: PMC3197683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of regulatory elements within the genome is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that govern cell type-specific gene expression. We generated genome-wide maps of open chromatin sites in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (on day 0 and day 8 of differentiation) and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts using formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements coupled with high-throughput sequencing (FAIRE-seq). FAIRE peaks at the promoter were associated with active transcription and histone modifications of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Non-promoter FAIRE peaks were characterized by H3K4me1+/me3-, the signature of enhancers, and were largely located in distal regions. The non-promoter FAIRE peaks showed dynamic change during differentiation, while the promoter FAIRE peaks were relatively constant. Functionally, the adipocyte- and preadipocyte-specific non-promoter FAIRE peaks were, respectively, associated with genes up-regulated and down-regulated by differentiation. Genes highly up-regulated during differentiation were associated with multiple clustered adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks. Among the adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks, 45.3% and 11.7% overlapped binding sites for, respectively, PPARγ and C/EBPα, the master regulators of adipocyte differentiation. Computational motif analyses of the adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks revealed enrichment of a binding motif for nuclear family I (NFI) transcription factors. Indeed, ChIP assay showed that NFI occupy the adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks and/or the PPARγ binding sites near PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2 genes. Overexpression of NFIA in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in robust induction of these genes and lipid droplet formation without differentiation stimulus. Overexpression of dominant-negative NFIA or siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFIA or NFIB significantly suppressed both induction of genes and lipid accumulation during differentiation, suggesting a physiological function of these factors in the adipogenic program. Together, our study demonstrates the utility of FAIRE-seq in providing a global view of cell type-specific regulatory elements in the genome and in identifying transcriptional regulators of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Waki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Functional Regulation of Adipocytes, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
| | - Ken-ichi Wakabayashi
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa Hirose-Yotsuya
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Take
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrated Molecular Science on Metabolic Diseases, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Okada-Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Medicinal Sciences on Metabolic Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Fujita
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Aoyama
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Systems Biology and Medicine Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Metabolic Medicine Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
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Singh SK, Bhardwaj R, Wilczynska KM, Dumur CI, Kordula T. A complex of nuclear factor I-X3 and STAT3 regulates astrocyte and glioma migration through the secreted glycoprotein YKL-40. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39893-903. [PMID: 21953450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.257451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor I-X3 (NFI-X3) is a newly identified splice variant of NFI-X that regulates expression of several astrocyte-specific markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein. Here, we identified a set of genes regulated by NFI-X3 that includes a gene encoding a secreted glycoprotein YKL-40. Although YKL-40 expression is up-regulated in glioblastoma multiforme, its regulation and functions in nontransformed cells of the central nervous system are widely unexplored. We find that expression of YKL-40 is activated during brain development and also differentiation of neural progenitors into astrocytes in vitro. Furthermore, YKL-40 is a migration factor for primary astrocytes, and its expression is controlled by both NFI-X3 and STAT3, which are known regulators of gliogenesis. Knockdown of NFI-X3 and STAT3 significantly reduced YKL-40 expression in astrocytes, whereas overexpression of NFI-X3 dramatically enhanced YKL-40 expression in glioma cells. Activation of STAT3 by oncostatin M induced YKL-40 expression in astrocytes, whereas expression of a dominant-negative STAT3 had a suppressive effect. Mechanistically, NFI-X3 and STAT3 form a complex that binds to weak regulatory elements in the YKL-40 promoter and activates transcription. We propose that NFI-X3 and STAT3 control the migration of differentiating astrocytes as well as migration and invasion of glioma cells via regulating YKL-40 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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