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Kameda H, Murabe N, Mizukami H, Ozawa K, Hayashi T, Sakurai M. Parcellation of the murine cortical hindlimb area is demonstrated by its subcortical connectivity and cytoarchitecture. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1950-1965. [PMID: 35292976 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although corticospinal neurons are known to be distributed in both the primary motor and somatosensory cortices (S1), details of the projection pattern of their fibers to the lumbar cord gray matter remain largely uncharacterized, especially in rodents. We previously investigated the cortical area projecting to the gray matter of the fourth lumbar cord segment (L4) (L4 Cx) in mice. In the present study, we injected an anterograde tracer into multiple sites to cover the entire L4 Cx. We found that (1) the rostromedial part of the L4 Cx projects to the intermediate and ventral zones of the lumbar cord gray matter, (2) the lateral part projects to the medial dorsal horn, and (3) the caudal part projects to the lateral dorsal horn. We also found that the border between the rostromedial and caudolateral parts corresponds to the border between the agranular and granular cortex. Analysis of the somatotopic patterns formed by the cortical projection cells and the primary sensory neurons innervating the skin of the hindlimb and its related area suggests that the lateral part corresponds to the S1 hindlimb area and the caudal part to the S1 trunk area. Examination of thalamic innervation by the L4 Cx revealed that the caudolateral L4 Cx focally projects to the ventrobasal complex (VB) and the posterior complex (PO), while the medial L4 Cx widely projects to the PO but little to the VB. These findings suggest that the L4 Cx is parceled into subregions defined by the cytoarchitecture and subcortical projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kameda
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Murabe
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiya Ozawa
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Immuno-Gene & Cell Therapy (Takara Bio), Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sakurai
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Holt E, Stanton-Turcotte D, Iulianella A. Development of the Vertebrate Trunk Sensory System: Origins, Specification, Axon Guidance, and Central Connectivity. Neuroscience 2021; 458:229-243. [PMID: 33460728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Crucial to an animal's movement through their environment and to the maintenance of their homeostatic physiology is the integration of sensory information. This is achieved by axons communicating from organs, muscle spindles and skin that connect to the sensory ganglia composing the peripheral nervous system (PNS), enabling organisms to collect an ever-constant flow of sensations and relay it to the spinal cord. The sensory system carries a wide spectrum of sensory modalities - from sharp pain to cool refreshing touch - traveling from the periphery to the spinal cord via the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). This review covers the origins and development of the DRG and the cells that populate it, and focuses on how sensory connectivity to the spinal cord is achieved by the diverse developmental and molecular processes that control axon guidance in the trunk sensory system. We also describe convergences and differences in sensory neuron formation among different vertebrate species to gain insight into underlying developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Holt
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Brain Repair Centre, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada
| | - Danielle Stanton-Turcotte
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Brain Repair Centre, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada
| | - Angelo Iulianella
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Brain Repair Centre, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada.
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Paushter AM, Hague DW, Foss KD, Sander WE. Assessment of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex in neurologically abnormal cats. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:1200-1205. [PMID: 32462965 PMCID: PMC10814374 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20917810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the cutaneous trunci reflex (CTR) in a population of neurologically abnormal cats in regard to age, body condition score (BCS), sex, breed, evidence of traumatic injury, pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization and diagnostic classification. METHODS A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify cats with a history of neurologic disease undergoing a complete neurologic assessment between 24 September 2012 and 20 March 2019. CTR outcome (present, absent), signalment, evidence of traumatic injury, pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization and diagnostic classification were recorded. RESULTS A total of 182 cats were identified. The CTR was present in 118 cats (64.8%) and absent in 64 cats (35.2%). Statistical analysis revealed no association between CTR outcome and age, BCS, sex, breed, evidence of traumatic injury, non-spinal pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization or diagnostic classification. A significant association was found between spinal pain and CTR outcome (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that elicitation of the CTR in the cat can be unreliable. Further prospective controlled studies are warranted to determine whether continued inclusion of the CTR in feline neurologic examinations is justified. Consideration of the reliability of the CTR is indicated, particularly in the context of fractious or anxious patients for which only a limited window for examination may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Paushter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Devon W Hague
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kari D Foss
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - William E Sander
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Lee HJ, White JM, Chung J, Malone P, DeWeerth SP, Tansey KE. Differential cardiovascular responses to cutaneous afferent subtypes in a nociceptive intersegmental spinal reflex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19049. [PMID: 31836817 PMCID: PMC6911054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation to segmental dorsal cutaneous nerves (DCNs) activates a nociceptive sensorimotor reflex and the same afferent stimulation also evokes blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses in rats. To investigate the relationship between those cardiovascular responses and the activation of nociceptive afferents, we analyzed BP and HR responses to electrical stimulations at each DCN from T6 to L1 at 0.5 mA to activate A-fiber alone or 5 mA to activate both A- and C-fibers at different frequencies. Evoked cardiovascular responses showed a decrease and then an increase in BP and an increase and then a plateau in HR. Segmentally, both cardiovascular responses tended to be larger when evoked from the more rostral DCNs. Stimulation frequency had a larger effect on cardiovascular responses than the rostrocaudal level of the DCN input. Stimulation strength showed a large effect on BP changes dependent on C-fibers whereas HR changes were dependent on A-fibers. Additional A-fiber activation by stimulating up to 4 adjacent DCNs concurrently, but only at 0.5 mA, affected HR but not BP. These data support that cutaneous nociceptive afferent subtypes preferentially contribute to different cardiovascular responses, A-fibers to HR and C-fibers to BP, with temporal (stimulation frequency) and spatial (rostrocaudal level) dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joon Lee
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Departments of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jason M White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jumi Chung
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Departments of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Patrick Malone
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen P DeWeerth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Keith E Tansey
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Spinal Cord Injury Clinic, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA. .,Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA. .,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA. .,NeuroRobotics Lab, Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Central Plasticity of Cutaneous Afferents Is Associated with Nociceptive Hyperreflexia after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:6147878. [PMID: 31827498 PMCID: PMC6885787 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6147878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulations of dorsal cutaneous nerves (DCNs) at each lumbothoracic spinal level produce the bilateral cutaneus trunci muscle (CTM) reflex responses which consist of two temporal components: an early and late responses purportedly mediated by Aδ and C fibers, respectively. We have previously reported central projections of DCN A and C fibers and demonstrated that different projection patterns of those afferent types contributed to the somatotopic organization of CTM reflex responses. Unilateral hemisection spinal cord injury (SCI) was made at T10 spinal segments to investigate the plasticity of early and late CTM responses 6 weeks after injury. Both early and late responses were drastically increased in response to both ipsi- and contralateral DCN stimulations both above (T6 and T8) and below (T12 and L1) the levels of injury demonstrating that nociceptive hyperreflexia developed at 6 weeks following hemisection SCI. We also found that DCN A and C fibers centrally sprouted, expanded their projection areas, and increased synaptic terminations in both T7 and T13, which correlated with the size of hemisection injury. These data demonstrate that central sprouting of cutaneous afferents away from the site of injury is closely associated with enhanced responses of intraspinal signal processing potentially contributing to nociceptive hyperreflexia following SCI.
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White JM, Lee HJ, Malone P, DeWeerth SP, Tansey KE. Temporal and spatial dynamics of spinal sensorimotor processing in an intersegmental cutaneous nociceptive reflex. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:616-631. [PMID: 31166824 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00146.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cutaneus trunci muscle (CTM) reflex produces a skin "shrug" in response to pinch on a rat's back through a three-part neural circuit: 1) A-fiber and C-fiber afferents in segmental dorsal cutaneous nerves (DCNs) from lumbar to cervical levels, 2) ascending propriospinal interneurons, and 3) the CTM motoneuron pool located at the cervicothoracic junction. We recorded neurograms from a CTM nerve branch in response to electrical stimulation. The pulse trains were delivered at multiple DCNs (T6-L1), on both sides of the midline, at two stimulus strengths (0.5 or 5 mA, to activate Aδ fibers or Aδ and C fibers, respectively) and four stimulation frequencies (1, 2, 5, or 10 Hz) for 20 s. We quantified both the temporal dynamics (i.e., latency, sensitization, habituation, and frequency dependence) and the spatial dynamics (spinal level) of the reflex. The evoked responses were time-windowed into Early, Mid, Late, and Ongoing phases, of which the Mid phase, between the Early (Aδ fiber mediated) and Late (C fiber mediated) phases, has not been previously identified. All phases of the response varied with stimulus strength, frequency, history, and DCN level/side stimulated. In addition, we observed nociceptive characteristics like C fiber-mediated sensitization (wind-up) and habituation. Finally, the range of latencies in the ipsilateral responses were not very large rostrocaudally, suggesting a myelinated neural path within the ipsilateral spinal cord for at least the A fiber-mediated Early-phase response. Overall, these results demonstrate that the CTM reflex shares the temporal dynamics in other nociceptive reflexes and exhibits spatial (segmental and lateral) dynamics not seen in those reflexes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have physiologically studied an intersegmental reflex exploring detailed temporal, stimulus strength-based, stimulation history-dependent, lateral and segmental quantification of the reflex responses to cutaneous nociceptive stimulations. We found several physiological features in this reflex pathway, e.g., wind-up, latency changes, and somatotopic differences. These physiological observations allow us to understand how the anatomy of this reflex may be organized. We have also identified a new phase of this reflex, termed the "mid" response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology-Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hyun Joon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patrick Malone
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen P DeWeerth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology-Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Keith E Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Spinal Cord Injury Clinic, Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
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Chung J, Franklin JF, Lee HJ. Central expression of synaptophysin and synaptoporin in nociceptive afferent subtypes in the dorsal horn. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4273. [PMID: 30862809 PMCID: PMC6414693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Central sprouting of nociceptive afferents in response to neural injury enhances excitability of nociceptive pathways in the central nervous system, often causing pain. A reliable quantification of central projections of afferent subtypes and their synaptic terminations is essential for understanding neural plasticity in any pathological condition. We previously characterized central projections of cutaneous nociceptive A and C fibers, selectively labeled with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and Isolectin B4 (IB4) respectively, and found that they expressed a general synaptic molecule, synaptophysin, largely depending on afferent subtypes (A vs. C fibers) across thoracic dorsal horns. The current studies extended the central termination profiles of nociceptive afferents with synaptoporin, an isoform of synaptophysin, known to be preferentially expressed in C fibers in lumbar dorsal root ganglions. Our findings demonstrated that synaptophysin was predominantly expressed in both peptidergic and IB4-binding C fiber populations in superficial laminae of the thoracic dorsal horn. Cutaneous IB4-labeled C fibers showed comparable expression levels of both isoforms, while cutaneous CTB-labeled A fibers exclusively expressed synaptophysin. These data suggest that central expression of synaptophysin consistently represents synaptic terminations of projecting afferents, at least in part, including nociceptive A-delta and C fibers in the dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumi Chung
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - John F Franklin
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Hyun Joon Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA. .,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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Kameda H, Murabe N, Odagaki K, Mizukami H, Ozawa K, Sakurai M. Differential innervation within a transverse plane of spinal gray matter by sensorimotor cortices, with special reference to the somatosensory cortices. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1401-1415. [PMID: 30620045 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The corticospinal (CS) neurons projecting to the cervical cord distribute not only in motor-related cortical areas, but also in somatosensory areas, including the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). The exact functions of these widely distributed CS neurons are largely unknown, however. In this study, we injected mice with adeno-associated virus encoding membrane-binding fluorescent proteins to investigate the distribution of axons from CS neurons in different regions within a broad cortical area. We found that CS axons from the primary motor cortex (M1), the rostral part of S1 (S1r), and the caudal part of S1 (S1c) differentially project to specific compartments within the spinal gray matter of the seventh cervical cord segment: (a) M1 projects mainly to intermediate and ventral areas, (b) S1r to the mediodorsal area, and (c) S1c to the dorsolateral area. We also found that the projection from S1r, which corresponds to the forelimb area, largely overlaps the cutaneous afferent terminals from the forepaw (hand) in the dorsal horn, and we detected a similar relation between S1c and the trunk. Our findings suggest the existence of considerably fine somatotopic compartments within the dorsal horn that process somatosensation and descending information, which is provided mainly by S1 CS neurons and contribute to delicate control of sensory information in generation of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kameda
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Murabe
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Odagaki
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiya Ozawa
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Division of Genetic Therapeutics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sakurai
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Odagaki K, Kameda H, Hayashi T, Sakurai M. Mediolateral and dorsoventral projection patterns of cutaneous afferents within transverse planes of the mouse spinal dorsal horn. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:972-984. [PMID: 30520049 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The central projection patterns of cutaneous afferents from the forelimb and shoulder of mice were studied in the spinal dorsal horn after intracutaneous injection of AlexaFluor 488-conjugated and/or 594-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). Based on their dermatomes, the following eight skin regions are thought to be innervated by spinal nerves from the sixth to eighth cervical spinal nerve roots: the dorsal surface of the shoulder, brachium, proximal forearm, distal forearm, hand, palmar surface of the second and third digits, and palm. The termination areas of afferents from the dorsal surface of the shoulder and forearm were narrow, distributed in a dorsoventral direction, and aligned in order from lateral to medial within the sixth to eighth cervical dorsal horns. By contrast, the termination areas of the palmar surface of the second and third digits largely overlapped. We also injected CTB into the dorsal surface of the hindlimb and pelvic regions. Skin regions there are thought to be innervated by nerves from the third to fifth lumbar spinal nerve roots. The observed projection patterns in the lumbar dorsal horn were similar to the cervical patterns. Injection of a mixture of CTB and wheat-germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), which are thought to label Aβ and Aδ/C fibers, respectively, showed segregated termination areas of CTB- and WGA-HRP-labeled afferents. Moreover, alignment of the termination areas was in the dorsoventral direction. These results suggest there is fine somatotopic (mediolateral axis) and modality-specific (dorsoventral axis) organization within the spinal dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Odagaki
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kameda
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sakurai
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Takeuchi Y, Osaki H, Matsumine H, Niimi Y, Sasaki R, Miyata M. A method package for electrophysiological evaluation of reconstructed or regenerated facial nerves in rodents. MethodsX 2018; 5:283-298. [PMID: 30042925 PMCID: PMC6055010 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) recording via reconstructed or regenerated motor axons is a critical examination to evaluate newly developed surgical and regeneration techniques. However, there is currently no documentation on technical aspects of CMAP recordings via reconstructed or regenerated facial nerves. We have studied new techniques of plastic surgery and nerve regeneration using a rat facial nerve defect model for years, standardizing an evaluation pipeline using CMAP recordings. Here we describe our CMAP recording procedure in detail as a package including surgical preparation, data acquisition, analysis and troubleshooting. Each resource is available in public repositories and is maintained as a version control system. In addition, we demonstrate that our analytical pipeline can not only be applied to rats, but also mice. Finally, we show that CMAP recordings can be practically combined with other behavioral and anatomical examinations. For example, retrograde motor neuron labeling provides anatomical evidence for physical routes between the facial motor nucleus and its periphery through reconstructed or regenerated facial nerves, in addition to electrophysiological evidence by CMAP recordings from the same animal. •Standardized surgical, recording and analytical procedures for the functional evaluation of reconstructed or regenerated facial nerves of rats, extended to mice.•The functional evaluation can be combined with anatomical evaluations.•The methods described here are maintained in public repositories as version control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Takeuchi
- Department of Physiology I (Neurophysiology), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Osaki
- Department of Physiology I (Neurophysiology), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsumine
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Department of Physiology I (Neurophysiology), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Kuramoto E, Iwai H, Yamanaka A, Ohno S, Seki H, Tanaka YR, Furuta T, Hioki H, Goto T. Dorsal and ventral parts of thalamic nucleus submedius project to different areas of rat orbitofrontal cortex: A single neuron-tracing study using virus vectors. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3821-3839. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Kuramoto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Haruki Iwai
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Sachi Ohno
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Haruka Seki
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Yasuhiro R. Tanaka
- Department of Physiology; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Furuta
- Department of Morphological Brain Science; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Morphological Brain Science; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tetsuya Goto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
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