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Jing J, Hu M, Ngodup T, Ma Q, Lau SNN, Ljungberg C, McGinley MJ, Trussell LO, Jiang X. Comprehensive analysis of cellular specializations that initiate parallel auditory processing pathways in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.15.539065. [PMID: 37293040 PMCID: PMC10245571 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.15.539065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cochlear nuclear complex (CN) is the starting point for all central auditory processing and comprises a suite of neuronal cell types that are highly specialized for neural coding of acoustic signals. To examine how their striking functional specializations are determined at the molecular level, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the mouse CN to molecularly define all constituent cell types and related them to morphologically- and electrophysiologically-defined neurons using Patch-seq. We reveal an expanded set of molecular cell types encompassing all previously described major types and discover new subtypes both in terms of topographic and cell-physiologic properties. Our results define a complete cell-type taxonomy in CN that reconciles anatomical position, morphological, physiological, and molecular criteria. This high-resolution account of cellular heterogeneity and specializations from the molecular to the circuit level illustrates molecular underpinnings of functional specializations and enables genetic dissection of auditory processing and hearing disorders with unprecedented specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhan Jing
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tenzin Ngodup
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shu-Ning Natalie Lau
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecilia Ljungberg
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J. McGinley
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laurence O. Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Hoshino N, Altarshan Y, Alzein A, Fernando AM, Nguyen HT, Majewski EF, Chen VCF, William Rochlin M, Yu WM. Ephrin-A3 is required for tonotopic map precision and auditory functions in the mouse auditory brainstem. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3633-3654. [PMID: 34235739 PMCID: PMC8490280 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tonotopy is a prominent feature of the vertebrate auditory system and forms the basis for sound discrimination, but the molecular mechanism that underlies its formation remains largely elusive. Ephrin/Eph signaling is known to play important roles in axon guidance during topographic mapping in other sensory systems, so we investigated its possible role in the establishment of tonotopy in the mouse cochlear nucleus. We found that ephrin-A3 molecules are differentially expressed along the tonotopic axis in the cochlear nucleus during innervation. Ephrin-A3 forward signaling is sufficient to repel auditory nerve fibers in a developmental stage-dependent manner. In mice lacking ephrin-A3, the tonotopic map is degraded and isofrequency bands of neuronal activation upon pure tone exposure become imprecise in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Ephrin-A3 mutant mice also exhibit a delayed second wave in auditory brainstem responses upon sound stimuli and impaired detection of sound frequency changes. Our findings establish an essential role for ephrin-A3 in forming precise tonotopy in the auditory brainstem to ensure accurate sound discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hoshino
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yazan Altarshan
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ahmad Alzein
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amali M. Fernando
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emma F. Majewski
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Wei-Ming Yu
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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3
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Hirata T, Tohsato Y, Itoga H, Shioi G, Kiyonari H, Oka S, Fujimori T, Onami S. NeuroGT: A brain atlas of neurogenic tagging CreER drivers for birthdate-based classification and manipulation of mouse neurons. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100012. [PMID: 35474959 PMCID: PMC9017123 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal birthdate is one of the major determinants of neuronal phenotypes. However, most birthdating methods are retrospective in nature, allowing very little experimental access to the classified neuronal subsets. Here, we introduce four neurogenic tagging mouse lines, which can assign CreER-loxP recombination to neuron subsets that share the same differentiation timing in living animals and enable various experimental manipulations of the classified subsets. We constructed a brain atlas of the neurogenic tagging mouse lines (NeuroGT), which includes holistic image data of the loxP-recombined neurons and their processes across the entire brain that were tagged on each single day during the neurodevelopmental period. This image database, which is open to the public, offers investigators the opportunity to find specific neurogenic tagging driver lines and the stages of tagging appropriate for their own research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Hirata
- Brain Function Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan
| | - Yukako Tohsato
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroya Itoga
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sanae Oka
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shuichi Onami
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Life Science Data Sharing Unit, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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Different Neurogenic Potential in the Subnuclei of the Postnatal Rat Cochlear Nucleus. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8871308. [PMID: 33880121 PMCID: PMC8046557 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8871308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients suffering from hearing loss, the reduced or absent neural input induces morphological changes in the cochlear nucleus (CN). Neural stem cells have recently been identified in this first auditory relay. Afferent nerve signals and their impact on the immanent neural stem and progenitor cells already impinge upon the survival of early postnatal cells within the CN. This auditory brainstem nucleus consists of three different subnuclei: the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN), and the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). Since these subdivisions differ ontogenetically and physiologically, the question arose whether regional differences exist in the neurogenic niche. CN from postnatal day nine Sprague-Dawley rats were microscopically dissected into their subnuclei and cultivated in vitro as free-floating cell cultures and as whole-mount organ cultures. In addition to cell quantifications, immunocytological and immunohistological studies of the propagated cells and organ preparations were performed. The PVCN part showed the highest mitotic potential, while the AVCN and DCN had comparable activity. Specific stem cell markers and the ability to differentiate into cells of the neural lineage were detected in all three compartments. The present study shows that in all subnuclei of rat CN, there is a postnatal neural stem cell niche, which, however, differs significantly in its potential. The results can be explained by the origin from different regions in the rhombic lip, the species, and the various analysis techniques applied. In conclusion, the presented results provide further insight into the neurogenic potential of the CN, which may prove beneficial for the development of new regenerative strategies for hearing loss.
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Scheffel JL, Mohammed SS, Borcean CK, Parng AJ, Yoon HJ, Gutierrez DA, Yu WM. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cochlear Nucleus Innervation by Spiral Ganglion Neurons that Serve Distinct Regions of the Cochlea. Neuroscience 2020; 446:43-58. [PMID: 32866604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear neurons innervate the brainstem cochlear nucleus in a tonotopic fashion according to their sensitivity to different sound frequencies (known as the neuron's characteristic frequency). It is unclear whether these neurons with distinct characteristic frequencies use different strategies to innervate the cochlear nucleus. Here, we use genetic approaches to differentially label spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and their auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) that relay different characteristic frequencies in mice. We found that SGN populations that supply distinct regions of the cochlea employ different cellular strategies to target and innervate neurons in the cochlear nucleus during tonotopic map formation. ANFs that will exhibit high-characteristic frequencies initially overshoot and sample a large area of targets before refining their connections to correct targets, while fibers that will exhibit low-characteristic frequencies are more accurate in initial targeting and undergo minimal target sampling. Moreover, similar to their peripheral projections, the central projections of ANFs show a gradient of development along the tonotopic axis, with outgrowth and branching of prospective high-frequency ANFs initiated about two days earlier than those of prospective low-frequency ANFs. The processes of synaptogenesis are similar between high- and low-frequency ANFs, but a higher proportion of low-frequency ANFs form smaller endbulb synaptic endings. These observations reveal the diversity of cellular mechanisms that auditory neurons that will become functionally distinct use to innervate their targets during tonotopic map formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Scheffel
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Samiha S Mohammed
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Chloe K Borcean
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Annie J Parng
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Hyun Ju Yoon
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Darwin A Gutierrez
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Wei-Ming Yu
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, United States.
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Jung JS, Zhang KD, Wang Z, McMurray M, Tkaczuk A, Ogawa Y, Hertzano R, Coate TM. Semaphorin-5B Controls Spiral Ganglion Neuron Branch Refinement during Development. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6425-6438. [PMID: 31209173 PMCID: PMC6697390 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0113-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During nervous system development, axons often undergo elaborate changes in branching patterns before circuits have achieved their mature patterns of innervation. In the auditory system, type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) project their peripheral axons into the cochlear epithelium and then undergo a process of branch refinement before forming synapses with sensory hair cells. Here, we report that Semaphorin-5B (Sema5B) acts as an important mediator of this process. During cochlear development in mouse, immature hair cells express Sema5B, whereas the SGNs express both PlexinA1 and PlexinA3, which are known Sema5B receptors. In these studies, genetic sparse labeling and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques were leveraged to determine the morphologies of individual type I SGNs after manipulations of Sema5B signaling. Treating cultured mouse cochleae with Sema5B-Fc (to activate Plexin-As) led to type I SGNs with less numerous, but longer terminal branches. Conversely, cochleae from Sema5b knock-out mice showed type I SGNs with more numerous, but shorter terminal branches. In addition, conditional loss of Plxna1 in SGNs (using Bhlhb5Cre) led to increased type I SGN branching, suggesting that PlexinA1 normally responds to Sema5B in this process. In these studies, mice of either sex were used. The data presented here suggest that Sema5B-PlexinA1 signaling limits SGN terminal branch numbers without causing axonal repulsion, which is a role that distinguishes Sema5B from other Semaphorins in cochlear development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The sensorineural components of the cochlea include hair cells, which respond mechanically to sound waves, and afferent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which respond to glutamate released by hair cells and transmit auditory information into the CNS. An important component of synapse formation in the cochlea is a process of SGN "debranching" whereby SGNs lose extraneous branches before developing unramified bouton endings that contact the hair cells. In this work, we have found that the transmembrane ligand Semaphorin-5B and its receptor PlexinA1 regulate the debranching process. The results in this report provide new knowledge regarding the molecular control of cochlear afferent innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny S Jung
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, and
| | - Kaidi D Zhang
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, and
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, and
| | - Mark McMurray
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Andrew Tkaczuk
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, and
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Thomas M Coate
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, and
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Fritzsch B, Elliott KL, Pavlinkova G. Primary sensory map formations reflect unique needs and molecular cues specific to each sensory system. F1000Res 2019; 8:F1000 Faculty Rev-345. [PMID: 30984379 PMCID: PMC6439788 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17717.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction with the world around us requires extracting meaningful signals to guide behavior. Each of the six mammalian senses (olfaction, vision, somatosensation, hearing, balance, and taste) has a unique primary map that extracts sense-specific information. Sensory systems in the periphery and their target neurons in the central nervous system develop independently and must develop specific connections for proper sensory processing. In addition, the regulation of sensory map formation is independent of and prior to central target neuronal development in several maps. This review provides an overview of the current level of understanding of primary map formation of the six mammalian senses. Cell cycle exit, combined with incompletely understood molecules and their regulation, provides chemoaffinity-mediated primary maps that are further refined by activity. The interplay between cell cycle exit, molecular guidance, and activity-mediated refinement is the basis of dominance stripes after redundant organ transplantations in the visual and balance system. A more advanced level of understanding of primary map formation could benefit ongoing restoration attempts of impaired senses by guiding proper functional connection formations of restored sensory organs with their central nervous system targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
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