1
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Jagtap AP, Mamone S, Glöggler S. Molecular precursors to produce para-hydrogen enhanced metabolites at any field. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2023; 61:674-680. [PMID: 37821237 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing magnetic resonance signal via hyperpolarization techniques enables the real-time detection of metabolic transformations even in vivo. The use of para-hydrogen to enhance 13 C-enriched metabolites has opened a rapid pathway for the production of hyperpolarized metabolites, which usually requires specialized equipment. Metabolite precursors that can be hyperpolarized and converted into metabolites at any given field would open up opportunities for many labs to make use of this technology because already existing hardware could be used. We report here on the complete synthesis and hyperpolarization of suitable precursor molecules of the side-arm hydrogenation approach. The better accessibility to such side-arms promises that the para-hydrogen approach can be implemented in every lab with existing two channel NMR spectrometers for 1 H and 13 C independent of the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil P Jagtap
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Brahms A, Pravdivtsev AN, Thorns L, Sönnichsen FD, Hövener JB, Herges R. Exceptionally Mild and High-Yielding Synthesis of Vinyl Esters of Alpha-Ketocarboxylic Acids, Including Vinyl Pyruvate, for Parahydrogen-Enhanced Metabolic Spectroscopy and Imaging. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15018-15028. [PMID: 37824795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic changes often occur long before pathologies manifest and treatment becomes challenging. As key elements of energy metabolism, α-ketocarboxylic acids (α-KCA) are particularly interesting, e.g., as the upregulation of pyruvate to lactate conversion is a hallmark of cancer (Warburg effect). Magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized metabolites has enabled imaging of this effect non-invasively and in vivo, allowing the early detection of cancerous tissue and its treatment. Hyperpolarization by means of dynamic nuclear polarization, however, is complex, slow, and expensive, while available precursors often limit parahydrogen-based alternatives. Here, we report the synthesis for novel 13C, deuterated ketocarboxylic acids, and a much-improved synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pruvate-d6, arguably the most promising tracer for hyperpolarizing pyruvate using parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization by side arm hydrogenation. The new synthesis is scalable and provides a high yield of 52%. We elucidated the mechanism of our Pd-catalyzed trans-vinylation reaction. Hydrogenation with parahydrogen allowed us to monitor the addition, which was found to depend on the electron demand of the vinyl ester. Electron-poor α-keto vinyl esters react slower than "normal" alkyl vinyl esters. This synthesis of 13C, deuterated α-ketocarboxylic acids opens up an entirely new class of biomolecules for fast and cost-efficient hyperpolarization with parahydrogen and their use for metabolic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Brahms
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lynn Thorns
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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3
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Pravdivtsev A, Buckenmaier K, Kempf N, Stevanato G, Scheffler K, Engelmann J, Plaumann M, Koerber R, Hövener JB, Theis T. LIGHT-SABRE Hyperpolarizes 1- 13C-Pyruvate Continuously without Magnetic Field Cycling. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:6744-6753. [PMID: 37081994 PMCID: PMC10108362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization enables real-time observation of metabolism and intermolecular interactions in vivo. 1-13C-pyruvate is the leading hyperpolarized tracer currently under evaluation in several clinical trials as a promising molecular imaging agent. Still, the quest for a simple, fast, and efficient hyperpolarization technique is ongoing. Here, we describe that continuous, weak irradiation in the audio-frequency range of the 13C spin at the 121 μT magnetic field (approximately twice Earth's field) enables spin order transfer from parahydrogen to 13C magnetization of 1-13C-pyruvate. These so-called LIGHT-SABRE pulses couple nuclear spin states of parahydrogen and pyruvate via the J-coupling network of reversibly exchanging Ir-complexes. Using ∼100% parahydrogen at ambient pressure, we polarized 51 mM 1-13C-pyruvate in the presence of 5.1 mM Ir-complex continuously and repeatedly to a polarization of 1.1% averaged over free and catalyst-bound pyruvate. The experiments were conducted at -8 °C, where almost exclusively bound pyruvate was observed, corresponding to an estimated 11% polarization on bound pyruvate. The obtained hyperpolarization levels closely match those obtained via SABRE-SHEATH under otherwise identical conditions. The creation of three different types of spin orders was observed: transverse 13C magnetization along the applied magnetic field, 13C z-magnetization along the main field B 0, and 13C-1H zz-spin order. With a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) for detection, we found that the generated spin orders result from 1H-13C J-coupling interactions, which are not visible even with our narrow linewidth below 0.3 Hz and at -8 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey
N. Pravdivtsev
- Section
Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN
CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical
Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischene Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kempf
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- NMR
Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute
for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department
for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University
of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joern Engelmann
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Otto-von-Guericke
University, Medical Faculty, Institute of
Biometry and Medical Informatics, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Koerber
- Department
‘Biosignals’, Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section
Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN
CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical
Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischene Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
UNC-NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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4
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Hune T, Mamone S, Schroeder H, Jagtap AP, Sternkopf S, Stevanato G, Korchak S, Fokken C, Müller CA, Schmidt AB, Becker D, Glöggler S. Metabolic Tumor Imaging with Rapidly Signal-Enhanced 1- 13 C-Pyruvate-d 3. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200615. [PMID: 36106366 PMCID: PMC10092681 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of malignant cells differs significantly from that of healthy cells and thus, it is possible to perform metabolic imaging to reveal not only the exact location of a tumor, but also intratumoral areas of high metabolic activity. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of metabolic tumor imaging using signal-enhanced 1-13 C-pyruvate-d3 , which is rapidly enhanced via para-hydrogen, and thus, the signal is amplified by several orders of magnitudes in less than a minute. Using as a model, human melanoma xenografts injected with signal-enhanced 1-13 C-pyruvate-d3, we show that the conversion of pyruvate into lactate can be monitored along with its kinetics, which could pave the way for rapidly detecting and monitoring changes in tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hune
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Henning Schroeder
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Sonja Sternkopf
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Claudia Fokken
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph A Müller
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.,Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dorothea Becker
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
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5
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Schmidt AB, de Maissin H, Adelabu I, Nantogma S, Ettedgui J, TomHon P, Goodson BM, Theis T, Chekmenev EY. Catalyst-Free Aqueous Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate Obtained by Re-Dissolution Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3430-3439. [PMID: 36379005 PMCID: PMC9983023 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite great successes in oncology, patient outcomes are often still discouraging, and hence the diagnostic imaging paradigm is increasingly shifting toward functional imaging of the pathology to better understand individual disease biology and to personalize therapies. The dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (d-DNP) hyperpolarization method has enabled unprecedented real-time MRI sensing of metabolism and tissue pH using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate as a biosensor with great potential for diagnosis and monitoring of cancer patients. However, current d-DNP is expensive and suffers from long hyperpolarization times, posing a substantial translational roadblock. Here, we report the development of Re-Dissolution Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (Re-D SABRE), which relies on fast and low-cost hyperpolarization of [1-13C]pyruvate by chemical exchange with parahydrogen at microtesla magnetic fields. [1-13C]pyruvate is precipitated from catalyst-containing methanol using ethyl acetate and rapidly reconstituted in aqueous media. 13C polarization of 9 ± 1% is demonstrated after redissolution in water with residual iridium mass fraction of 8.5 ± 1.5 ppm; further improvement is anticipated via process automation. Re-D SABRE makes hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate biosensor available at a fraction of the cost (<$10,000) and production time (≈1 min) of currently used techniques and makes aqueous hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate "ready" for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Henri de Maissin
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Jessica Ettedgui
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, United States
- Vizma Life Sciences LLC, Durham, NC 27707-3669, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospect, 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Parahydrogen-induced polarization and spin order transfer in ethyl pyruvate at high magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19361. [PMID: 36371512 PMCID: PMC9653431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance has experienced great advances in developing and translating hyperpolarization methods into procedures for fundamental and clinical studies. Here, we propose the use of a wide-bore NMR for large-scale (volume- and concentration-wise) production of hyperpolarized media using parahydrogen-induced polarization. We discuss the benefits of radio frequency-induced parahydrogen spin order transfer, we show that 100% polarization is theoretically expected for homogeneous B0 and B1 magnetic fields for a three-spin system. Moreover, we estimated that the efficiency of spin order transfer is not significantly reduced when the B1 inhomogeneity is below ± 5%; recommendations for the sample size and RF coils are also given. With the latest breakthrough in the high-yield synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pyruvate and its deuterated isotopologues, the high-field PHIP-SAH will gain increased attention. Some remaining challenges will be addressed shortly.
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7
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Pravdivtsev AN, Brahms A, Ellermann F, Stamp T, Herges R, Hövener JB. Parahydrogen-induced polarization and spin order transfer in ethyl pyruvate at high magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19361. [PMID: 36371512 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1807976/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance has experienced great advances in developing and translating hyperpolarization methods into procedures for fundamental and clinical studies. Here, we propose the use of a wide-bore NMR for large-scale (volume- and concentration-wise) production of hyperpolarized media using parahydrogen-induced polarization. We discuss the benefits of radio frequency-induced parahydrogen spin order transfer, we show that 100% polarization is theoretically expected for homogeneous B0 and B1 magnetic fields for a three-spin system. Moreover, we estimated that the efficiency of spin order transfer is not significantly reduced when the B1 inhomogeneity is below ± 5%; recommendations for the sample size and RF coils are also given. With the latest breakthrough in the high-yield synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pyruvate and its deuterated isotopologues, the high-field PHIP-SAH will gain increased attention. Some remaining challenges will be addressed shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Stamp
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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8
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Salnikov OG, Trofimov IA, Pravdivtsev AN, Them K, Hövener JB, Chekmenev EY, Koptyug IV. Through-Space Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal Enhancement Induced by Parahydrogen and Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15010-15017. [PMID: 36264746 PMCID: PMC10007960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (i.e., polarized far beyond the thermal equilibrium) nuclear spins can result in the radiofrequency amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (RASER) effect. Here, we show the utility of RASER to amplify nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of solute and solvent molecules in the liquid state. Specifically, parahydrogen-induced RASER was used to spontaneously enhance nuclear spin polarization of protons and heteronuclei (here 19F and 31P) in a wide range of molecules. The magnitude of the effect correlates with the T1 relaxation time of the target nuclear spins. A series of control experiments validate the through-space dipolar mechanism of the RASER-assisted polarization transfer between the parahydrogen-polarized compound and to-be-hyperpolarized nuclei of the target molecule. Frequency-selective saturation of the RASER-active resonances was used to control the RASER and the amplitude of spontaneous polarization transfer. Spin dynamics simulations support our experimental RASER studies. The enhanced NMR sensitivity may benefit various NMR applications such as mixture analysis, metabolomics, and structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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9
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Brahms A, Pravdivtsev AN, Stamp T, Ellermann F, Sönnichsen FD, Hövener J, Herges R. Synthesis of 13 C and 2 H Labeled Vinyl Pyruvate and Hyperpolarization of Pyruvate. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201210. [PMID: 35905033 PMCID: PMC9804285 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization of nuclear spins has enabled unique applications in chemistry, biophysics, and particularly metabolic imaging. Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) offers a fast and cost-efficient way of hyperpolarization. Nevertheless, PHIP lags behind dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which is already being evaluated in clinical studies. This shortcoming is mainly due to problems in the synthesis of the corresponding PHIP precursor molecules. The most widely used DNP tracer in clinical studies, particularly for the detection of prostate cancer, is 1-13 C-pyruvate. The ideal derivative for PHIP is the deuterated vinyl ester because the spin physics allows for 100 % polarization. Unfortunately, there is no efficient synthesis for vinyl esters of β-ketocarboxylic acids in general and pyruvate in particular. Here, we present an efficient new method for the preparation of vinyl esters, including 13 C labeled, fully deuterated vinyl pyruvate using a palladium-catalyzed procedure. Using 50 % enriched parahydrogen and mild reaction conditions, a 13 C polarization of 12 % was readily achieved; 36 % are expected with 100 % pH2 . Higher polarization values can be potentially achieved with optimized reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Tim Stamp
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Frank D. Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
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10
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Tickner BJ, Zhivonitko VV. Advancing homogeneous catalysis for parahydrogen-derived hyperpolarisation and its NMR applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4670-4696. [PMID: 35655870 PMCID: PMC9067625 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarisation (PHIP) is a nuclear spin hyperpolarisation technique employed to enhance NMR signals for a wide range of molecules. This is achieved by exploiting the chemical reactions of parahydrogen (para-H2), the spin-0 isomer of H2. These reactions break the molecular symmetry of para-H2 in a way that can produce dramatically enhanced NMR signals for reaction products, and are usually catalysed by a transition metal complex. In this review, we discuss recent advances in novel homogeneous catalysts that can produce hyperpolarised products upon reaction with para-H2. We also discuss hyperpolarisation attained in reversible reactions (termed signal amplification by reversible exchange, SABRE) and focus on catalyst developments in recent years that have allowed hyperpolarisation of a wider range of target molecules. In particular, recent examples of novel ruthenium catalysts for trans and geminal hydrogenation, metal-free catalysts, iridium sulfoxide-containing SABRE systems, and cobalt complexes for PHIP and SABRE are reviewed. Advances in this catalysis have expanded the types of molecules amenable to hyperpolarisation using PHIP and SABRE, and their applications in NMR reaction monitoring, mechanistic elucidation, biomedical imaging, and many other areas, are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
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Carrera C, Cavallari E, Digilio G, Bondar O, Aime S, Reineri F. ParaHydrogen Polarized Ethyl-[1- 13 C]pyruvate in Water, a Key Substrate for Fostering the PHIP-SAH Approach to Metabolic Imaging. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1042-1048. [PMID: 33720491 PMCID: PMC8251755 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of vinyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate has been reported, from which 13 C hyperpolarized (HP) ethyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate has been obtained by means of ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP). Due to the intrinsic lability of pyruvate, which leads quickly to degradation of the reaction mixture even under mild reaction conditions, the vinyl-ester has been synthesized through the intermediacy of a more stable ketal derivative. 13 C and 1 H hyperpolarizations of ethyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate, hydrogenated using ParaHydrogen, have been compared to those observed on the more widely used allyl-derivative. It has been demonstrated that the spin order transfer from ParaHydrogen protons to 13 C, is more efficient on the ethyl than on the allyl-esterdue to the larger J-couplings involved. The main requirements needed for the biological application of this HP product have been met, i. e. an aqueous solution of the product at high concentration (40 mM) with a good 13 C polarization level (4.8 %) has been obtained. The in vitro metabolic transformation of the HP ethyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate, catalyzed by an esterase, has been observed. This substrate appears to be a good candidate for in vivo metabolic investigations using PHIP hyperpolarized probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and BioimagingNational Research CouncilVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technologic InnovationUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”Viale Teresa Michel 1115121AlessandriaItaly
| | - Oksana Bondar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
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