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Watson H, Nilsson JÅ, Smith E, Ottosson F, Melander O, Hegemann A, Urhan U, Isaksson C. Urbanisation-associated shifts in the avian metabolome within the annual cycle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173624. [PMID: 38821291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
While organisms have evolved to cope with predictable changes in the environment, the rapid rate of current global change presents numerous novel and unpredictable stressors to which organisms have had less time to adapt. To persist in the urban environment, organisms must modify their physiology, morphology and behaviour accordingly. Metabolomics offers great potential for characterising organismal responses to natural and anthropogenic stressors at the systems level and can be applied to any species, even without genomic knowledge. Using metabolomic profiling of blood, we investigated how two closely related species of passerine bird respond to the urban environment. Great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus residing in urban and forest habitats were sampled during the breeding (spring) and non-breeding (winter) seasons across replicated sites in southern Sweden. During breeding, differences in the plasma metabolome between urban and forest birds were characterised by higher levels of amino acids in urban-dwelling tits and higher levels of fatty acyls in forest-dwelling tits. The suggested higher rates of fatty acid oxidation in forest tits could be driven by habitat-associated differences in diet and could explain the higher reproductive investment and success of forest tits. High levels of amino acids in breeding urban tits could reflect the lack of lipid-rich caterpillars in the urban environment and a dietary switch to protein-rich spiders, which could be of benefit for tackling inflammation and oxidative stress associated with pollution. In winter, metabolomic profiles indicated lower overall levels of amino acids and fatty acyls in urban tits, which could reflect relaxed energetic demands in the urban environment. Our metabolomic profiling of two urban-adapted species suggests that their metabolism is modified by urban living, though whether these changes represent adaptative or non-adaptive mechanisms to cope with anthropogenic challenges remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Watson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Einar Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Filip Ottosson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Arne Hegemann
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Utku Urhan
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Alvarez MF, Villar-Argaiz M, Vela Soria F, Fernández Zambrano A, Medina-Sánchez JM, Carrillo P. Thresholds and interactive effects of BPA-gradient and temperature on life history traits of Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124186. [PMID: 38772512 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic organic compound widely used in the production of plastics, is recognized as an emerging contaminant because of its toxicity and the potential risks associated with bioaccumulation in organisms. Despite potential environmental hazards, there is a lack of studies examining BPA toxicity mechanisms and its potential impact on various trophic levels, with even fewer exploring whether global stressors such as temperature can affect the toxicity of BPA in organisms. Our aim was to assess the combined impact of BPA and varying temperature regimes on life-history traits in Daphnia magna. Our results revealed a significant impact of BPA on the growth, reproduction, and accumulated moulting of D. magna, with adverse effects primarily associated with the assimilation of BPA in algae rather than the BPA present in the medium, pointing to a trophic transfer mechanism. The interactive effect between BPA and temperature demonstrated a slight stimulatory effect of low BPA level on D. magna growth rate under warming constant conditions, but an inhibitory under warming fluctuating temperatures. Additionally, a BPA threshold was identified, below which growth became temperature-dependent. This study emphasizes the crucial role of considering temperature in predicting how toxins may affect Daphnia within aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernanda Alvarez
- Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". CCT-CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Manuel Villar-Argaiz
- Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Vela Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS.GRANADA), E-18016, Granada, Spain; Clinical Laboratory Management Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, E-18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - J Manuel Medina-Sánchez
- Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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3
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de Mel RK, Moseby KE, Stewart KA, Rankin KE, Czenze ZJ. The heat is on: Thermoregulatory and evaporative cooling patterns of desert-dwelling bats. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103919. [PMID: 39024847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
For small endotherms inhabiting desert ecosystems, defending body temperatures (Tb) is challenging as they contend with extremely high ambient temperatures (Ta) and limited standing water. In the arid zone, bats may thermoconform whereby Tb varies with Ta, or may evaporatively cool themselves to maintain Tb < Ta. We used an integrative approach that combined both temperature telemetry and flow through respirometry to investigate the ecological and physiological strategies of lesser long-eared bats (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) in Australia's arid zone. We predicted individuals would exhibit desert-adapted thermoregulatory patterns (i.e., thermoconform to prioritise water conservation), and that females would be more conservative with their water reserves for evaporative cooling compared to males. Temperature telemetry data indicated that free-ranging N. geoffroyi were heterothermic (Tskin = 18.9-44.9 °C) during summer and thermoconformed over a wide range of temperatures, likely to conserve water and energy during the day. Experimentally, at high Tas, females maintained significantly lower Tb and resting metabolic rates, despite lower evaporative water loss (EWL) rates compared to males. Females only increased EWL at experimental Ta = 42.5 °C, significantly higher than males (40.7 °C), and higher than any bat species yet recorded. During the hottest day of this study, our estimates suggest the water required for evaporative cooling ranged from 18.3% (females) and 25.5% (males) of body mass. However, if we extrapolate these results to a recent heatwave these values increase to 36.5% and 47.3%, which are likely beyond lethal limits. It appears this population is under selective pressures to conserve water reserves and that these pressures are more pronounced in females than males. Bats in arid ecosystems are threatened by both current and future heatwaves and we recommend future conservation efforts focus on protecting current roost trees and creating artificial standing water sites near vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruvinda K de Mel
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Katherine E Moseby
- School of Biological, Earth and Environment Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathleen A Stewart
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Kate E Rankin
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Zenon J Czenze
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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4
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Abdelsaleheen O, Kortet R, Vornanen M. Species-specific differences and temperature-dependence of Na +/K +-ATPase in freshwater mussels Anodonta anatina and Unio tumidus (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111698. [PMID: 38997084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The predicted global warming of surface waters can be challenging to aquatic ectotherms like freshwater mussels. Especially animals in northern temperate latitudes may face and physiologically acclimate to significant stress from seasonal temperature fluctuations. Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme is one of the key mechanisms that allow mussels to cope with changing water temperatures. This enzyme plays a major role in osmoregulation, energy control, ion balance, metabolite transport and electrical excitability. Here, we experimentally studied the effects of temperature on Na+/K+-ATPase activity of gills in two freshwater mussel species, Anodonta anatina and Unio tumidus. The study animals were acclimated to three ambient temperatures (+4, +14, +24 °C) and Na+/K+-ATPase activity was measured at those temperatures for each acclimation group. Both species had their highest gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity at the highest acclimation temperature. Na+/K+-ATPase activity of gills exhibited species-specific differences, and was higher in A. anatina than U. tumidus in all test groups at all test temperatures. Temperature dependence of Na+/K+-ATPase was confirmed in both species, being highest at temperatures between +4 and + 14 °C when Q10 values in the acclimation groups varied between 5.06 and 6.71. Our results underline the importance of Na+/K+-ATPase of gills for the freshwater mussels in warming waters. Because Na+/K+-ATPase is the driving force behind ciliary motion, our results also suggest that in warming waters A. anatina may be more tolerant at sustaining vigorous ciliary action (associated with elevated respiration rates and filter-feeding) than U. tumidus. Overall, our results indicate great flexibility of the mussel's ecophysiological characteristics as response to changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Abdelsaleheen
- Department of Environmental & Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, PO Box 82524, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Raine Kortet
- Department of Environmental & Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matti Vornanen
- Department of Environmental & Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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5
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O'Connor RS, Love OP, Régimbald L, Le Pogam A, Gerson AR, Elliott KH, Hargreaves AL, Vézina F. An arctic breeding songbird overheats during intense activity even at low air temperatures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15193. [PMID: 38956145 PMCID: PMC11219724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Birds maintain some of the highest body temperatures among endothermic animals. Often deemed a selective advantage for heat tolerance, high body temperatures also limits birds' thermal safety margin before reaching lethal levels. Recent modelling suggests that sustained effort in Arctic birds might be restricted at mild air temperatures, which may require reductions in activity to avoid overheating, with expected negative impacts on reproductive performance. We measured within-individual changes in body temperature in calm birds and then in response to an experimental increase in activity in an outdoor captive population of Arctic, cold-specialised snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis), exposed to naturally varying air temperatures (- 15 to 36 °C). Calm buntings exhibited a modal body temperature range from 39.9 to 42.6 °C. However, we detected a significant increase in body temperature within minutes of shifting calm birds to active flight, with strong evidence for a positive effect of air temperature on body temperature (slope = 0.04 °C/ °C). Importantly, by an ambient temperature of 9 °C, flying buntings were already generating body temperatures ≥ 45 °C, approaching the upper thermal limits of organismal performance (45-47 °C). With known limited evaporative heat dissipation capacities in these birds, our results support the recent prediction that free-living buntings operating at maximal sustainable rates will increasingly need to rely on behavioural thermoregulatory strategies to regulate body temperature, to the detriment of nestling growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S O'Connor
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, Canada.
- Centre d'études Nordiques, Rimouski, Canada.
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, Canada.
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Lyette Régimbald
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Audrey Le Pogam
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, Canada
- Centre d'études Nordiques, Rimouski, Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Alexander R Gerson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V90, Canada
| | - Anna L Hargreaves
- Department of Biological Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, Canada
- Centre d'études Nordiques, Rimouski, Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, Canada
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6
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Talukder MR, Islam MT, Mathew S, Perry C, Phung D, Rutherford S, Cass A. The effect of ambient temperatures on hospital admissions for kidney diseases in Central Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119502. [PMID: 38945510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify risk of hospitalisations for kidney diseases related to ambient temperature in Central Australia, Northern Territory (NT). Daily hospitalisation data were extracted for Alice Springs Hospital, Central Australia, 2010-2021. The association between daily mean temperature and daily hospital admissions for total kidney and specific kidney conditions was assessed using a quasi-Poisson Generalized Linear Model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model. A total of 52,057 hospitalisations associated with kidney diseases were recorded. In general, risk of specific kidney related hospitalisations was immediate due to hot temperatures and prolonged due to cold temperatures. Relative to the minimum-risk temperature (5.1 °C), at 31 °C, cumulative relative risk (RR) of hospitalisations for total kidney disease (TKD) was 1.297 [95% CI 1.164,1.446] over lag0-1 days, for chronic kidney disease (CKD) cumulative RR was 1.269 [95% CI 1.115,1.444] and for kidney failure (KF) cumulative RR was 1.252 [95% CI 1.107,1.416] at lag 0, and for urinary tract infection (UTI) cumulative RR was 1.522 [95% CI 1.072,2.162] over lag0-7 days. At 16 °C and over lag0-7 days, cumulative RR of hospitalisations for TKD was 1.320 [95% CI 1.135,1.535], for CKD was 1.232 [95% CI 1.025,1.482], for RF was 1.233 [95% CI 1.035,1.470] and for UTI was 1.597 [95% CI 1.143, 2.231]. Both cold and hot temperatures were also associated with increased risks of kidney related total hospitalisations among First Nations Australians and women. Overall, temperature attributable to 13.7% (i.e. 7138 cases) of kidney related hospitalisations with higher attributable hospitalisations from cold temperature. Given the significant burden of kidney disease and projected increases in extreme temperatures associated with climate change in NT including Central Australia there is a need to implement public health and environmental health risk reduction strategies and awareness programs to mitigate potential adverse health effects of extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Radwanur Talukder
- Leukaemia Foundation, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Md Tauhidul Islam
- Health Administration, Policy and Leadership Program, Murdoch Business School, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Supriya Mathew
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, NT, Australia
| | - Chris Perry
- Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance Northern Territory, Alice Springs, NT, Australia
| | - Dung Phung
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Shannon Rutherford
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Alan Cass
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, NT, Australia
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7
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Guo YY, Wang X, Liu F, Zhang J, Wang SS, Zhao X, Wang Z, Xu D. Adjustments in energy metabolism of brown adipose tissue in heat-acclimated Kunming mice. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 274:111000. [PMID: 38879151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rodents decreases with prolonged heat exposure. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, Kunming mice were acclimated at 23 ± 1 °C and 33 ± 1 °C for four weeks each to examine the body heat balance and BAT alterations. Results showed that heat-acclimated Kunming mice exhibited reduced body mass and elevated body temperature. Additionally, they displayed lower resting metabolic rates, diminished non-shivering thermogenesis, and reduced BAT thermogenic function. Metabolically, there was a significant reduction in several key metabolites involved in energy metabolism in BAT, including thiamine pyrophosphate, citric acid, cis-Aconitate, isocitric acid, oxoglutaric acid, succinate, fumarate, L-Malic acid, oxaloacetate, flavin mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate. These findings suggest that BAT adapts to heat acclimation by regulating pathways related to pyruvate oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, which may help maintain thermal homeostasis in Kunming mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Qufu Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Deli Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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8
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Danzey LM, Briceño VF, Cook AM, Nicotra AB, Peyre G, Rossetto M, Yap JYS, Leigh A. Environmental and Biogeographic Drivers behind Alpine Plant Thermal Tolerance and Genetic Variation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1271. [PMID: 38732486 PMCID: PMC11085172 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In alpine ecosystems, elevation broadly functions as a steep thermal gradient, with plant communities exposed to regular fluctuations in hot and cold temperatures. These conditions lead to selective filtering, potentially contributing to species-level variation in thermal tolerance and population-level genetic divergence. Few studies have explored the breadth of alpine plant thermal tolerances across a thermal gradient or the underlying genetic variation thereof. We measured photosystem heat (Tcrit-hot) and cold (Tcrit-cold) thresholds of ten Australian alpine species across elevation gradients and characterised their neutral genetic variation. To reveal the biogeographical drivers of present-day genetic signatures, we also reconstructed temporal changes in habitat suitability across potential distributional ranges. We found intraspecific variation in thermal thresholds, but this was not associated with elevation, nor underpinned by genetic differentiation on a local scale. Instead, regional population differentiation and considerable homozygosity within populations may, in part, be driven by distributional contractions, long-term persistence, and migrations following habitat suitability. Our habitat suitability models suggest that cool-climate-distributed alpine plants may be threatened by a warming climate. Yet, the observed wide thermal tolerances did not reflect this vulnerability. Conservation efforts should seek to understand variations in species-level thermal tolerance across alpine microclimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Danzey
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Verónica F. Briceño
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (V.F.B.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Alicia M. Cook
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Adrienne B. Nicotra
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (V.F.B.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Gwendolyn Peyre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia;
| | - Maurizio Rossetto
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.R.); (J.-Y.S.Y.)
- Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jia-Yee S. Yap
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.R.); (J.-Y.S.Y.)
- Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Leigh
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (V.F.B.); (A.B.N.)
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Miloch D, Cecchetto NR, Lescano JN, Leynaud GC, Perotti MG. Is thermal sensitivity affected by predation risk? A case study in tadpoles from ephemeral environments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:400-409. [PMID: 38356256 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Changes in environmental temperature may induce variations in thermal tolerance and sensitivity in ectotherm organisms. These variations generate plastic responses that can be analyzed by examining their Thermal Performance Curves (TPCs). Additionally, some performance traits, like locomotion, could be affected by other factors such as biological interactions (e.g., predator-prey interaction). Here, we evaluate if the risk of predation modifies TPCs in Mendoza four-eyed frog (Pleurodema nebulosum, Burmeister, 1861) and Guayapa's four-eyed frog (Pleurodema guayapae, Barrio, 1964), two amphibian species that occur in ephemeral ponds in arid environments. We measured thermal tolerances and maximum swimming velocity at six different temperatures in tadpoles under three situations: control, exposure to predator chemical cues, and exposure to conspecific alarm cues. TPCs were fitted using General Additive Mixed Models. We found that curves of tadpoles at risk of predation differed from those of control mainly in thermal sensitivity parameters. Our work confirms the importance of biotic interactions have in thermal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miloch
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas, y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas R Cecchetto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Julián N Lescano
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas, y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo C Leynaud
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas, y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Perotti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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10
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Giacometti D, Palaoro AV, Leal LC, de Barros FC. How seasonality influences the thermal biology of lizards with different thermoregulatory strategies: a meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:409-429. [PMID: 37872698 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ectotherms that maintain thermal balance in the face of varying climates should be able to colonise a wide range of habitats. In lizards, thermoregulation usually appears as a variety of behaviours that buffer external influences over physiology. Basking species rely on solar radiation to raise body temperatures and usually show high thermoregulatory precision. By contrast, species that do not bask are often constrained by climatic conditions in their habitats, thus having lower thermoregulatory precision. While much focus has been given to the effects of mean habitat temperatures, relatively less is known about how seasonality affects the thermal biology of lizards on a macroecological scale. Considering the current climate crisis, assessing how lizards cope with temporal variations in environmental temperature is essential to understand better how these organisms will fare under climate change. Activity body temperatures (Tb ) represent the internal temperature of an animal measured in nature during its active period (i.e. realised thermal niche), and preferred body temperatures (Tpref ) are those selected by an animal in a laboratory thermal gradient that lacks thermoregulatory costs (i.e. fundamental thermal niche). Both traits form the bulk of thermal ecology research and are often studied in the context of seasonality. In this study, we used a meta-analysis to test how environmental temperature seasonality influences the seasonal variation in the Tb and Tpref of lizards that differ in thermoregulatory strategy (basking versus non-basking). Based on 333 effect sizes from 137 species, we found that Tb varied over a greater magnitude than Tpref across seasons. Variations in Tb were not influenced by environmental temperature seasonality; however, body size and thermoregulatory strategy mediated Tb responses. Specifically, larger species were subjected to greater seasonal variations in Tb , and basking species endured greater seasonal variations in Tb compared to non-basking species. On the other hand, the seasonal variation in Tpref increased with environmental temperature seasonality regardless of body size. Thermoregulatory strategy also influenced Tpref , suggesting that behaviour has an important role in mediating Tpref responses to seasonal variations in the thermal landscape. After controlling for phylogenetic effects, we showed that Tb and Tpref varied significantly across lizard families. Taken together, our results support the notion that the relationship between thermal biology responses and climatic parameters can be taxon and trait dependent. Our results also showcase the importance of considering ecological and behavioural aspects in macroecological studies. We further highlight current systematic, geographical, and knowledge gaps in thermal ecology research. Our work should benefit those who aim to understand more fully how seasonality shapes thermal biology in lizards, ultimately contributing to the goal of elucidating the evolution of temperature-sensitive traits in ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Giacometti
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brasil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Alexandre V Palaoro
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brasil
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, 490 Sirrine Hall, Clemson University, 515 Calhoun Dr, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Trav. 14, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brasil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, Paraná, 82590-300, Brasil
| | - Laura C Leal
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brasil
| | - Fábio C de Barros
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brasil
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Avenida Juca Stockler 1130, Passos, Minas Gerais, 37900-106, Brasil
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11
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Wu DY, Han XZ, Li T, Sun BJ, Qin XY. How incubation temperature affects hatchling performance in reptiles: an integrative insight based on plasticity in metabolic enzyme. Curr Zool 2024; 70:195-203. [PMID: 38726248 PMCID: PMC11078047 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the effects of temperature variations on animals plays an important role in understanding the threat of climate warming. The effects of developmental temperature on offspring performance are critical in evaluating the effects of warming temperatures on the fitness of oviparous species, but the physiological and biochemical basis of this developmental plasticity is largely unknown. In this study, we incubated eggs of the turtle Pelodiscus sinensis at low (24 °C), medium (28 °C), and high (32 °C) temperatures, and evaluated the effects of developmental temperature on offspring fitness, and metabolic enzymes in the neck and limb muscles of hatchlings. The hatchlings from eggs incubated at the medium temperature showed better fitness-related performance (righting response and swimming capacity) and higher activities of metabolic enzymes (hexokinase, HK; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) than hatchlings from the eggs incubated at high or low temperatures. In addition, the swimming speed and righting response were significantly correlated with the HK activities in limb (swimming speed) and neck (righting response) muscles, suggesting that the developmental plasticity of energy metabolic pathway might play a role in determining the way incubation temperature affects offspring phenotypes. Integrating the fitness-related performance and the activities of metabolic enzymes, we predict that the P. sinensis from high latitude would not face the detrimental effects of climate warming until the average nest temperatures reach 32 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Wu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservational Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xing-Zhi Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Teng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bao-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservational Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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12
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Udino E, Oscos-Snowball MA, Buchanan KL, Mariette MM. A prenatal acoustic signal of heat reduces a biomarker of chronic stress at adulthood across seasons. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1348993. [PMID: 38617060 PMCID: PMC11009423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1348993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
During development, phenotype can be adaptively modulated by environmental conditions, sometimes in the long-term. However, with weather variability increasing under climate change, the potential for maladaptive long-term responses to environmental variations may increase. In the arid-adapted zebra finch, parents emit "heat-calls" when experiencing heat during incubation, which adaptively affects offspring growth in the heat, and adult heat tolerance. This suggests that heat-call exposure may adjust individual phenotype to hot conditions, potentially compromising individual sensitivity to cool weather conditions. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated individual prenatal acoustic and postnatal thermal experiences during development, and sought to assess subsequent chronic responses to thermal fluctuations at adulthood. We thus measured heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratios in adults, when held in outdoor aviaries during two summers and two winters. We found that birds exposed to heat-calls as embryos, had consistently lower H/L ratios than controls at adulthood, indicative of lower chronic stress, irrespective of the season. Nonetheless, in all birds, the H/L ratio did vary with short-term weather fluctuations (2, 5 or 7 days), increasing at more extreme (low and high) air temperatures. In addition, the H/L ratio was higher in males than females. Overall, while H/L ratio may reflect how individuals were being impacted by temperature, heat-call exposed individuals did not show a stronger chronic response in winter, and instead appeared more resilient to thermal variability than control individuals. Our findings therefore suggest that heat-call exposure did not compromise individual sensitivity to low temperatures at adulthood. Our study also reveals that prenatal sound can lead to long-term differences in individual physiology or quality/condition, as reflected by H/L ratios, which are consistent with previously-demonstrated reproductive fitness differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Udino
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Marja A. Oscos-Snowball
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine L. Buchanan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mylene M. Mariette
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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13
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Lv Y, Chen C, Yan C, Liao W. The paddy frog genome provides insight into the molecular adaptations and regulation of hibernation in ectotherms. iScience 2024; 27:108844. [PMID: 38261954 PMCID: PMC10797549 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphibians, like the paddy frog (Fejervarya multistriata), have played a critical role in the transition from water to land. Hibernation is a vital survival adaptation in cold environments with limited food resources. We decoded the paddy frog genome to reveal the molecular adaptations linked to hibernation in ectotherms. The genome contained 13 chromosomes, with a significant proportion of repetitive sequences. We identified the key genes encoding the proteins of AANAT, TRPM8, EGLN1, and VEGFA essential for circadian rhythms, thermosensation, and hypoxia during hibernation by comparing the hibernator and non-hibernator genomes. Examining organ changes during hibernation revealed the central regulatory role of the brain. We identified 21 factors contributing to hibernation, involving hormone biosynthesis, protein digestion, DNA replication, and the cell cycle. These findings provide deeper insight into the complex mechanisms of ectothermic hibernation and contribute to our understanding of the broader significance of this evolutionary adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
| | - Chengzhi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
- College of Panda, China West Normal Univetsity, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
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14
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Crino OL, Bonduriansky R, Martin LB, Noble DWA. A conceptual framework for understanding stress-induced physiological and transgenerational effects on population responses to climate change. Evol Lett 2024; 8:161-171. [PMID: 38370553 PMCID: PMC10871929 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms are experiencing higher average temperatures and greater temperature variability because of anthropogenic climate change. Some populations respond to changes in temperature by shifting their ranges or adjusting their phenotypes via plasticity and/or evolution, while others go extinct. Predicting how populations will respond to temperature changes is challenging because extreme and unpredictable climate changes will exert novel selective pressures. For this reason, there is a need to understand the physiological mechanisms that regulate organismal responses to temperature changes. In vertebrates, glucocorticoid hormones mediate physiological and behavioral responses to environmental stressors and thus are likely to play an important role in how vertebrates respond to global temperature changes. Glucocorticoids have cascading effects that influence the phenotype and fitness of individuals, and some of these effects can be transmitted to offspring via trans- or intergenerational effects. Consequently, glucocorticoid-mediated responses could affect populations and could even be a powerful driver of rapid evolutionary change. Here, we present a conceptual framework that outlines how temperature changes due to global climate change could affect population persistence via glucocorticoid responses within and across generations (via epigenetic modifications). We briefly review glucocorticoid physiology, the interactions between environmental temperatures and glucocorticoid responses, and the phenotypic consequences of glucocorticoid responses within and across generations. We then discuss possible hypotheses for how glucocorticoid-mediated phenotypic effects might impact fitness and population persistence via evolutionary change. Finally, we pose pressing questions to guide future research. Understanding the physiological mechanisms that underpin the responses of vertebrates to elevated temperatures will help predict population-level responses to the changing climates we are experiencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondi L Crino
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Russell Bonduriansky
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lynn B Martin
- Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Center and Center for Genomics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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15
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Eisenberg T, Shein-Idelson M. ReptiLearn: An automated home cage system for behavioral experiments in reptiles without human intervention. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002411. [PMID: 38422162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding behavior and its evolutionary underpinnings is crucial for unraveling the complexities of brain function. Traditional approaches strive to reduce behavioral complexity by designing short-term, highly constrained behavioral tasks with dichotomous choices in which animals respond to defined external perturbation. In contrast, natural behaviors evolve over multiple time scales during which actions are selected through bidirectional interactions with the environment and without human intervention. Recent technological advancements have opened up new possibilities for experimental designs that more closely mirror natural behaviors by replacing stringent experimental control with accurate multidimensional behavioral analysis. However, these approaches have been tailored to fit only a small number of species. This specificity limits the experimental opportunities offered by species diversity. Further, it hampers comparative analyses that are essential for extracting overarching behavioral principles and for examining behavior from an evolutionary perspective. To address this limitation, we developed ReptiLearn-a versatile, low-cost, Python-based solution, optimized for conducting automated long-term experiments in the home cage of reptiles, without human intervention. In addition, this system offers unique features such as precise temperature measurement and control, live prey reward dispensers, engagement with touch screens, and remote control through a user-friendly web interface. Finally, ReptiLearn incorporates low-latency closed-loop feedback allowing bidirectional interactions between animals and their environments. Thus, ReptiLearn provides a comprehensive solution for researchers studying behavior in ectotherms and beyond, bridging the gap between constrained laboratory settings and natural behavior in nonconventional model systems. We demonstrate the capabilities of ReptiLearn by automatically training the lizard Pogona vitticeps on a complex spatial learning task requiring association learning, displaced reward learning, and reversal learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Eisenberg
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark Shein-Idelson
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Levesque DL, Breit AM, Brown E, Nowack J, Welman S. Non-Torpid Heterothermy in Mammals: Another Category along the Homeothermy-Hibernation Continuum. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1039-1048. [PMID: 37407285 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Variability in body temperature is now recognized to be widespread among whole-body endotherms with homeothermy being the exception rather than the norm. A wide range of body temperature patterns exists in extant endotherms, spanning from strict homeothermy, to occasional use of torpor, to deep seasonal hibernation with many points in between. What is often lost in discussions of heterothermy in endotherms are the benefits of variations in body temperature outside of torpor. Endotherms that do not use torpor can still obtain extensive energy and water savings from varying levels of flexibility in normothermic body temperature regulation. Flexibility at higher temperatures (heat storage or facultative hyperthermia) can provide significant water savings, while decreases at cooler temperatures, even outside of torpor, can lower the energetic costs of thermoregulation during rest. We discuss the varying uses of the terms heterothermy, thermolability, and torpor to describe differences in the amplitude of body temperature cycles and advocate for a broader use of the term "heterothermy" to include non-torpid variations in body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M Breit
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, 04469 Orono, ME, USA
| | - Eric Brown
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, 04469 Orono, ME, USA
| | - Julia Nowack
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 3AF Liverpool, UK
| | - Shaun Welman
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
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17
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Kruglov AG, Romshin AM, Nikiforova AB, Plotnikova A, Vlasov II. Warm Cells, Hot Mitochondria: Achievements and Problems of Ultralocal Thermometry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16955. [PMID: 38069275 PMCID: PMC10707128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a crucial regulator of the rate and direction of biochemical reactions and cell processes. The recent data indicating the presence of local thermal gradients associated with the sites of high-rate thermogenesis, on the one hand, demonstrate the possibility for the existence of "thermal signaling" in a cell and, on the other, are criticized on the basis of thermodynamic calculations and models. Here, we review the main thermometric techniques and sensors developed for the determination of temperature inside living cells and diverse intracellular compartments. A comparative analysis is conducted of the results obtained using these methods for the cytosol, nucleus, endo-/sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, as well as their biological consistency. Special attention is given to the limitations, possible sources of errors and ambiguities of the sensor's responses. The issue of biological temperature limits in cells and organelles is considered. It is concluded that the elaboration of experimental protocols for ultralocal temperature measurements that take into account both the characteristics of biological systems, as well as the properties and limitations of each type of sensor is of critical importance for the generation of reliable results and further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G. Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Alexey M. Romshin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna B. Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Arina Plotnikova
- Institute for Physics and Engineering in Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), 115409 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor I. Vlasov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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18
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Golding D, Rupp KL, Sustar A, Pratt B, Tuthill JC. Snow flies self-amputate freezing limbs to sustain behavior at sub-zero temperatures. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4549-4556.e3. [PMID: 37757830 PMCID: PMC10842534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Temperature profoundly impacts all living creatures. In spite of the thermodynamic constraints on biology, some animals have evolved to live and move in extremely cold environments. Here, we investigate behavioral mechanisms of cold tolerance in the snow fly (Chionea spp.), a flightless crane fly that is active throughout the winter in boreal and alpine environments of the northern hemisphere. Using thermal imaging, we show that adult snow flies maintain the ability to walk down to an average body temperature of -7°C. At this supercooling limit, ice crystallization occurs within the snow fly's hemolymph and rapidly spreads throughout the body, resulting in death. However, we discovered that snow flies frequently survive freezing by rapidly amputating legs before ice crystallization can spread to their vital organs. Self-amputation of freezing limbs is a last-ditch tactic to prolong survival in frigid conditions that few animals can endure. Understanding the extreme physiology and behavior of snow insects holds particular significance at this moment when their alpine habitats are rapidly changing due to anthropogenic climate change. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Golding
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katie L Rupp
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anne Sustar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brandon Pratt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John C Tuthill
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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19
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Dubiner S, Jamison S, Meiri S, Levin E. Squamate metabolic rates decrease in winter beyond the effect of temperature. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:2163-2174. [PMID: 37632258 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The reptilian form of hibernation (brumation) is much less studied than its mammalian and insect equivalents. Hibernation and brumation share some basic features but may differ in others. Evidence for hypometabolism in brumating reptiles beyond the effect of temperature is sporadic and often ignored. We calculated the standard metabolic rates (SMR, oxygen uptake during inactivity), in winter and/or summer, of 156 individuals representing 59 species of Israeli squamates across all 17 local families. For 32 species, we measured the same individuals during both seasons. We measured gas exchange continuously in a dark metabolic chamber, under the average January high and low temperatures (20°C and 12°C), during daytime and nighttime. We examined how SMR changes with season, biome, body size, temperature and time of day, using phylogenetic mixed models. Metabolic rates increased at sunrise in the diurnal species, despite no light or other external cues, while in nocturnal species the metabolic rates did not increase. Cathemeral species shifted from a diurnal-like diel pattern in winter to a nocturnal-like pattern in summer. Regardless of season, Mediterranean species SMRs were 30% higher than similar-sized desert species. Summer SMR of all species together scaled with body size with an exponent of 0.84 but dropped to 0.71 during brumation. Individuals measured during both seasons decreased their SMR between summer and winter by a 47%, on average, at 20°C and by 70% at 12°C. Q10 was 1.75 times higher in winter than in summer, possibly indicating an active suppression of metabolic processes under cold temperatures. Our results challenge the commonly held perception that squamate physiology is mainly shaped by temperature, with little role for intrinsic metabolic regulation. The patterns we describe indicate that seasonal, diel and geographic factors can trigger remarkable shifts in metabolism across squamate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dubiner
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Simon Jamison
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Levin
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Ramón A, Esteves A, Villadóniga C, Chalar C, Castro-Sowinski S. A general overview of the multifactorial adaptation to cold: biochemical mechanisms and strategies. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2259-2287. [PMID: 37477802 PMCID: PMC10484896 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold environments are more frequent than people think. They include deep oceans, cold lakes, snow, permafrost, sea ice, glaciers, cold soils, cold deserts, caves, areas at elevations greater than 3000 m, and also artificial refrigeration systems. These environments are inhabited by a diversity of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms that must adapt to the hard conditions imposed by cold. This adaptation is multifactorial and includes (i) sensing the cold, mainly through the modification of the liquid-crystalline membrane state, leading to the activation of a two-component system that transduce the signal; (ii) adapting the composition of membranes for proper functions mainly due to the production of double bonds in lipids, changes in hopanoid composition, and the inclusion of pigments; (iii) producing cold-adapted proteins, some of which show modifications in the composition of amino acids involved in stabilizing interactions and structural adaptations, e.g., enzymes with high catalytic efficiency; and (iv) producing ice-binding proteins and anti-freeze proteins, extracellular polysaccharides and compatible solutes that protect cells from intracellular and extracellular ice. However, organisms also respond by reprogramming their metabolism and specifically inducing cold-shock and cold-adaptation genes through strategies such as DNA supercoiling, distinctive signatures in promoter regions and/or the action of CSPs on mRNAs, among others. In this review, we describe the main findings about how organisms adapt to cold, with a focus in prokaryotes and linking the information with findings in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramón
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Esteves
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Villadóniga
- Laboratorio de Biocatalizadores Y Sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cora Chalar
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Susana Castro-Sowinski
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Biocatalizadores Y Sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Padilla P, Herrel A, Denoël M. May future climate change promote the invasion of the marsh frog? An integrative thermo-physiological study. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05402-0. [PMID: 37351628 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and invasive species are two major drivers of biodiversity loss and their interaction may lead to unprecedented further loss. Invasive ectotherms can be expected to tolerate temperature variation because of a broad thermal tolerance and may even benefit from warmer temperatures in their new ranges that better match their thermal preference. Multi-trait studies provide a valuable approach to elucidate the influence of temperature on the invasion process and offer insights into how climatic factors may facilitate or hinder the spread of invasive ectotherms. We here used marsh frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus, a species that is invading large areas of Western Europe but whose invasive potential has been underestimated. We measured the maximal and minimal temperatures to sustain physical activity, the preferred temperature, and the thermal dependence of their stamina and jumping performance in relation to the environmental temperatures observed in their invasive range. Our results showed that marsh frogs can withstand body temperatures that cover 100% of the annual temperature variation in the pond they live in and 77% of the observed current annual air temperature variation. Their preferred body temperature and performance optima were higher than the average temperature in their pond and the average air temperature experienced under the shade. These data suggest that invasive marsh frogs may benefit from a warmer climate. Broad thermal tolerances, combined with high thermal preferences and traits maximised at high temperatures, may allow this species to expand their activity period and colonise underexploited shaded habitat, thereby promoting their invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Padilla
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and Oceanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Paris, France.
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Paris, France
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Denoël
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and Oceanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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22
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Seebacher F, Bamford SM, Le Roy A. Sex-specific transgenerational plasticity: developmental temperatures of mothers and fathers have different effects on sons and daughters. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245798. [PMID: 37293931 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Each parent can influence offspring phenotype via provisioning of the zygote or sex-specific DNA methylation. Transgenerational plasticity may therefore depend on the environmental conditions experienced by each parent. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a fully factorial experiment across three generations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata), determining the effects of warm (28°C) and cold (21°C) thermal backgrounds of mothers and fathers on mass and length, and thermal performance (sustained and sprint swimming speeds, citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase activities; 18, 24, 28, 32 and 36°C test temperatures) of sons and daughters. Offspring sex was significant for all traits except for sprint speed. Warmer mothers produced sons and daughters with reduced mass and length, and warmer fathers produced shorter sons. Sustained swimming speed (Ucrit) of male offspring was greatest when both parents were raised at 28°C, and warmer fathers produced daughters with greater Ucrit. Similarly, warmer fathers produced sons and daughters with greater metabolic capacity. We show that the thermal variation experienced by parents can modify offspring phenotype, and that predicting the impacts of environmental change on populations would require knowledge of the thermal background of each mother and father, particularly where sexes are spatially segregated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Bamford
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amelie Le Roy
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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23
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Seebacher F, Narayan E, Rummer JL, Tomlinson S, Cooke SJ. How can physiology best contribute to wildlife conservation in a warming world? CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad038. [PMID: 37287992 PMCID: PMC10243909 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is now predicted to exceed 1.5°C by 2033 and 2°C by the end of the 21st century. This level of warming and the associated environmental variability are already increasing pressure on natural and human systems. Here we emphasize the role of physiology in the light of the latest assessment of climate warming by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We describe how physiology can contribute to contemporary conservation programmes. We focus on thermal responses of animals, but we acknowledge that the impacts of climate change are much broader phylogenetically and environmentally. A physiological contribution would encompass environmental monitoring, coupled with measuring individual sensitivities to temperature change and upscaling these to ecosystem level. The latest version of the widely accepted Conservation Standards designed by the Conservation Measures Partnership includes several explicit climate change considerations. We argue that physiology has a unique role to play in addressing these considerations. Moreover, physiology can be incorporated by institutions and organizations that range from international bodies to national governments and to local communities, and in doing so, it brings a mechanistic approach to conservation and the management of biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Edward Narayan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD4072, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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24
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Qi XG, Wu J, Zhao L, Wang L, Guang X, Garber PA, Opie C, Yuan Y, Diao R, Li G, Wang K, Pan R, Ji W, Sun H, Huang ZP, Xu C, Witarto AB, Jia R, Zhang C, Deng C, Qiu Q, Zhang G, Grueter CC, Wu D, Li B. Adaptations to a cold climate promoted social evolution in Asian colobine primates. Science 2023; 380:eabl8621. [PMID: 37262163 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl8621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The biological mechanisms that underpin primate social evolution remain poorly understood. Asian colobines display a range of social organizations, which makes them good models for investigating social evolution. By integrating ecological, geological, fossil, behavioral, and genomic analyses, we found that colobine primates that inhabit colder environments tend to live in larger, more complex groups. Specifically, glacial periods during the past 6 million years promoted the selection of genes involved in cold-related energy metabolism and neurohormonal regulation. More-efficient dopamine and oxytocin pathways developed in odd-nosed monkeys, which may have favored the prolongation of maternal care and lactation, increasing infant survival in cold environments. These adaptive changes appear to have strengthened interindividual affiliation, increased male-male tolerance, and facilitated the stepwise aggregation from independent one-male groups to large multilevel societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Guang Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinwei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Opie
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Runjie Diao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruliang Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihong Ji
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Zhi-Pang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunzhong Xu
- Shanghai Wild Animal Park Development Co., Shanghai, China
| | - Arief B Witarto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pertahanan, Jabodetabek, Indonesia
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Cheng Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- College of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guojie Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Cyril C Grueter
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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25
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Franklin AM, Rivera A, Robbins J, Pechenik JA. Body mass index does not decline during winter for the sedentary marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230026. [PMID: 37311546 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal extremes in environmental conditions can substantially limit the growth and reproduction of animals. Sedentary marine animals are particularly susceptible to winter food limitation since they cannot relocate to more favourable conditions. In several temperate-zone bivalve species, substantial winter tissue mass declines have been documented; however, no comparable studies have been conducted on intertidal gastropods. Here, we investigate whether the suspension-feeding intertidal gastropod Crepidula fornicata also loses substantial tissue mass during the winter. We calculated body mass index (BMI) for individuals collected in New England at different times of year for 7 years to determine whether BMI declines through winter or varies seasonally. Remarkably, C. fornicata body mass did not decline significantly during winter months; indeed, a relatively poorer body condition was associated with higher seawater temperature, higher air temperature and higher chlorophyll concentration. In a laboratory experiment, we found that C. fornicata adults that were not fed for three weeks at 6°C (local winter seawater temperature) showed no detectable declines in BMI compared to field-collected individuals. Future studies should document energy budgets of C. fornicata and other sedentary marine animals at low winter seawater temperatures, and the impact of short-term elevated temperatures on those energy budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Franklin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alberto Rivera
- Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Environmental and Ocean Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Justin Robbins
- Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Forestry and Environmental Conservation Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jan A Pechenik
- Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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26
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Wang B, Zhang XY, Yuan S, Fu HP, Wang CZ, Wang DH. Genetic Diversity of a Heat Activated Channel-TRPV1 in Two Desert Gerbil Species with Different Heat Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119123. [PMID: 37298074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat sensation and tolerance are crucial for determining species' survival and distribution range of small mammals. As a member of the transmembrane proteins, transient receptor potential vanniloid 1 (TRPV1) is involved in the sensation and thermoregulation of heat stimuli; however, the associations between animal's heat sensitivity and TRPV1 in wild rodents are less studied. Here, we found that Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), a rodent species living in Mongolia grassland, showed an attenuated sensitivity to heat compared with sympatrically distributed mid-day gerbils (M. meridianus) based on a temperature preference test. To explain this phenotypical difference, we measured the TRPV1 mRNA expression of two gerbil species in the hypothalamus, brown adipose tissue, and liver, and no statistical difference was detected between two species. However, according to the bioinformatics analysis of TRPV1 gene, we identified two single amino acid mutations on two TRPV1 orthologs in these two species. Further Swiss-model analyses of two TRPV1 protein sequences indicated the disparate conformations at amino acid mutation sites. Additionally, we confirmed the haplotype diversity of TRPV1 in both species by expressing TRPV1 genes ectopicly in Escherichia coli system. Taken together, our findings supplemented genetic cues to the association between the discrepancy of heat sensitivity and the functional differentiation of TRPV1 using two wild congener gerbils, promoting the comprehension of the evolutionary mechanisms of the TRPV1 gene for heat sensitivity in small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - He-Ping Fu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chen-Zhu Wang
- State key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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27
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Messina S, Costantini D, Eens M. Impacts of rising temperatures and water acidification on the oxidative status and immune system of aquatic ectothermic vertebrates: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161580. [PMID: 36646226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Species persistence in the Anthropocene is dramatically threatened by global climate change. Large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from human activities are driving increases in mean temperature, intensity of heatwaves, and acidification of oceans and freshwater bodies. Ectotherms are particularly sensitive to CO2-induced stressors, because the rate of their metabolic reactions, as well as their immunological performance, are affected by environmental temperatures and water pH. We reviewed and performed a meta-analysis of 56 studies, involving 1259 effect sizes, that compared oxidative status or immune function metrics between 42 species of ectothermic vertebrates exposed to long-term increased temperatures or water acidification (≥48 h), and those exposed to control parameters resembling natural conditions. We found that CO2-induced stressors enhance levels of molecular oxidative damages in ectotherms, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes was upregulated only at higher temperatures, possibly due to an increased rate of biochemical reactions dependent on the higher ambient temperature. Differently, both temperature and water acidification showed weak impacts on immune function, indicating different direction (increase or decrease) of responses among immune traits. Further, we found that the intensity of temperature treatments (Δ°C) and their duration, enhance the physiological response of ectotherms, pointing to stronger effects of prolonged extreme warming events (i.e., heatwaves) on the oxidative status. Finally, adult individuals showed weaker antioxidant enzymatic responses to an increase in water temperature compared to early life stages, suggesting lower acclimation capacity. Antarctic species showed weaker antioxidant response compared to temperate and tropical species, but level of uncertainty in the antioxidant enzymatic response of Antarctic species was high, thus pairwise comparisons were statistically non-significant. Overall, the results of this meta-analysis indicate that the regulation of oxidative status might be one key mechanism underlying thermal plasticity in aquatic ectothermic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Messina
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - David Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS - 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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28
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Cooke SJ, Madliger CL, Lennox RJ, Olden JD, Eliason EJ, Cramp RL, Fuller A, Franklin CE, Seebacher F. Biological mechanisms matter in contemporary wildlife conservation. iScience 2023; 26:106192. [PMID: 36895647 PMCID: PMC9988666 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Given limited resources for wildlife conservation paired with an urgency to halt declines and rebuild populations, it is imperative that management actions are tactical and effective. Mechanisms are about how a system works and can inform threat identification and mitigation such that conservation actions that work can be identified. Here, we call for a more mechanistic approach to wildlife conservation and management where behavioral and physiological tools and knowledge are used to characterize drivers of decline, identify environmental thresholds, reveal strategies that would restore populations, and prioritize conservation actions. With a growing toolbox for doing mechanistic conservation research as well as a suite of decision-support tools (e.g., mechanistic models), the time is now to fully embrace the concept that mechanisms matter in conservation ensuring that management actions are tactical and focus on actions that have the potential to directly benefit and restore wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Corresponding author
| | - Christine L. Madliger
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Robert J. Lennox
- Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA
| | - Erika J. Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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29
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Chaves JN, Tattersall GJ, Andrade DV. Energetic costs of bill heat exchange demonstrate contributions to thermoregulation at high temperatures in toco toucans (Ramphastos toco). J Exp Biol 2023; 226:286952. [PMID: 36752123 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Body temperature regulation under changes in ambient temperature involves adjustments in heat production and heat exchange rates between the animal and the environment. One mechanism involves the modulation of the surface temperature of specific areas of the body through vasomotor adjustment. In homeotherms, this thermoregulatory adjustment is essential for the maintenance of body temperature over a moderate temperature range, known as the thermal neutral zone (TNZ). The bill of the toco toucan (Ramphastos toco) has been described as a highly efficient thermal window and hypothesized to assist in the thermal homeostasis of this bird. Herein, we directly evaluated the contribution of heat exchange through the bill of the toco toucan and role of the bill in the delimitation of the TNZ. To do this, we measured metabolic rate (MR), via oxygen consumption, over a range of ambient temperatures from 0 to 35°C. MR measurements were made in birds with the bill intact and with the bill insulated. The limits of the TNZ did not differ between treatments, ranging from 10.8 to 25.0°C. The MR differed among treatments only at elevated temperatures (30 and 35°C), reaching 0.92±0.11 ml O2 g-1 h-1 (mean±s.d.) for the intact group and 1.13±0.13 ml O2 g-1 h-1 for the insulated group. These results indicate that although heat dissipation through the bill does not contribute significantly to widening of the TNZ, it may well be critically important in assisting body temperature regulation at higher temperatures extending above the upper limit of the TNZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara N Chaves
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glenn J Tattersall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Denis V Andrade
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Neuro-immunohistochemical and molecular expression variations during hibernation and activity phases between Rana mascareniensis and Rana ridibunda. J Therm Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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31
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Pacheco-Fuentes H, Ton R, Griffith SC. Short- and long-term consequences of heat exposure on mitochondrial metabolism in zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis). Oecologia 2023; 201:637-648. [PMID: 36894790 PMCID: PMC10038956 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the consequences of heat exposure on mitochondrial function is crucial as mitochondria lie at the core of metabolic processes, also affecting population dynamics. In adults, mitochondrial metabolism varies with temperature but can also depend on thermal conditions experienced during development. We exposed zebra finches to two alternative heat treatments during early development: "constant", maintained birds at ambient 35 °C from parental pair formation to fledglings' independence, while "periodic" heated broods at 40 °C, 6 h daily at nestling stage. Two years later, we acclimated birds from both experiments at 25 °C for 21 days, before exposing them to artificial heat (40 °C, 5 h daily for 10 days). After both conditions, we measured red blood cells' mitochondrial metabolism using a high-resolution respirometer. We found significantly decreased mitochondrial metabolism for Routine, Oxidative Phosphorylation (OxPhos) and Electron Transport System maximum capacity (ETS) after the heat treatments. In addition, the birds exposed to "constant" heat in early life showed lower oxygen consumption at the Proton Leak (Leak) stage after the heat treatment as adults. Females showed higher mitochondrial respiration for Routine, ETS and Leak independent of the treatments, while this pattern was reversed for OxPhos coupling efficiency (OxCE). Our results show that short-term acclimation involved reduced mitochondrial respiration, and that the reaction of adult birds to heat depends on the intensity, pattern and duration of temperature conditions experienced at early-life stages. Our study provides insight into the complexity underlying variation in mitochondrial metabolism and raises questions on the adaptive value of long-lasting physiological adjustments triggered by the early-life thermal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Ton
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Simon C Griffith
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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32
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Burciaga LM, Alcaraz G. Metabolic and behavioural effects of hermit crab shell removal techniques: Is heating less invasive than cracking? Anim Welf 2023; 32:e24. [PMID: 38487407 PMCID: PMC10936351 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Hermit crabs (Paguroidea; Latreille 1802) offer great opportunities to study animal behaviour and physiology. However, the animals' size and sex cannot be determined when they are inside their shell; information crucial to many experimental designs. Here, we tested the effects of the two most common procedures used to make crabs leave their shells: heating the shell apex and cracking the shell with a bench press. We compared the effects of each of the two procedures on the metabolic rate, hiding time, and duration of the recovery time relative to unmanipulated hermit crabs. The hermit crabs forced to abandon their shell through heating increased their respiratory rate shortly after the manipulation (1 h) and recovered their metabolic rate in less than 24 h, as occurs in individuals suddenly exposed to high temperatures in the upper-intertidal zone. Hermit crabs removed from their shells via cracking spent more time hiding in their new shells; this effect was evident immediately after the manipulation and lasted more than 24 h, similar to responses exhibited after a life-threatening predator attack. Both methods are expected to be stressful, harmful, or fear-inducing; however, the temperature required to force the crabs to abandon the shell is below the critical thermal maxima of most inhabitants of tropical tide pools. The wide thermal windows of intertidal crustaceans and the shorter duration of consequences of shell heating compared to cracking suggest heating to be a less harmful procedure for removing tropical hermit crabs from their shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Burciaga
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México04510, México
| | - Guillermina Alcaraz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México04510, México
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33
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Tattersall GJ, Campbell KL. Thermoconforming rays of the star-nosed mole. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:286733. [PMID: 36688286 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) is renowned for its densely innervated 22 appendage star-like rostrum ('star') specialized for tactile sensation. As a northerly distributed insectivorous mammal exploiting aquatic and terrestrial habitats, these vascularized nasal rays are regularly exposed to cold water and thermally conductive soil, leading us to ask whether the star surface temperature, a proxy for blood flow, conforms to the local ambient temperature to conserve body heat. Alternatively, given the exquisite sensory nature of the star, we posited that the uninsulated rays may be kept warm when foraging to maintain high mechanosensory function. To test these hypotheses, we remotely monitored surface temperatures in wild-caught star-nosed moles. Although the tail acted as a thermal window exhibiting clear vasoconstriction/vasodilation, the star varied passively in surface temperature, with little evidence for thermoregulatory vasomotion. This thermoconforming response may have evolved to minimize conductive heat loss to the water or wet soils when foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn J Tattersall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, CanadaL2S 3A1
| | - Kevin L Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2
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City comfort: weaker metabolic response to changes in ambient temperature in urban red squirrels. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1393. [PMID: 36697502 PMCID: PMC9876937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecophysiological responses of species to urbanisation reveal important information regarding the processes of successful urban colonization and biodiversity patterns in urban landscapes. Investigating these responses will also help uncover whether synurban species are indeed urban 'winners'. Yet we still lack basic knowledge about the physiological costs and overall energy budgets of most species living in urban habitats, especially for mammals. Within this context, we compared the energetic demands of Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) from the core of an urban environment with those from a nearby forest. We measured oxygen consumption as a proxy for resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 20 wild individuals (13 urban, 7 forest), at naturally varying ambient temperature (Ta) in an outdoor-enclosure experiment. We found that the variation in RMR was best explained by the interaction between Ta and habitat, with a significant difference between populations. Urban squirrels showed a shallower response of metabolic rate to decreasing Ta than woodland squirrels. We suggest that this is likely a consequence of urban heat island effects, as well as widespread supplemental food abundance. Our results indicate energy savings for urban squirrels at cooler temperatures, yet with possible increased costs at higher temperatures compared to their woodland conspecifics. Thus, the changed patterns of metabolic regulation in urban individuals might not necessarily represent an overall advantage for urban squirrels, especially in view of increasing temperatures globally.
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Ruperto EF, Menéndez J, Taraborelli PA, Scattolón FO, Sassi PL. Behavioral responses of two small‐sized rodents,
Phyllotis vaccarum
and
Abrothrix andina
, to energy challenges of high‐altitude habitats in the Andes Mountains. Ethology 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Fabián Ruperto
- Ecología Integrativa de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, CCT‐Mendoza CONICET Mendoza Argentina
| | - Josefina Menéndez
- Ecología Integrativa de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, CCT‐Mendoza CONICET Mendoza Argentina
| | - Paula Andrea Taraborelli
- EEA BARROW, Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - Paola Lorena Sassi
- Ecología Integrativa de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, CCT‐Mendoza CONICET Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
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Bryla A, Zagkle E, Sadowska ET, Cichoń M, Bauchinger U. Measurements of body temperature and oxidative stress reveal differential costs associated with humoral immune function in a passerine bird. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:279339. [PMID: 36314237 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Eco-immunology considers resistance to antigens a costly trait for an organism, but actual quantification of such costs is not straightforward. Costs of the immune response are visible in impaired coloration and reduced growth or reproductive success. Activation of the humoral immune response is a slow, complex and long-lasting process, which makes the quantification of its energetic cost a potential losing game. We implemented near-continuous measurements of body temperature in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) as a proxy for the energetic cost, with a particular focus during activation of the humoral immune response until the peak of antibody release several days later. At the peak of the antibody release we additionally measured oxygen consumption (open-flow respirometry) and markers of oxidative stress (dROMs, OXY). Birds with an activated immune response maintained a higher night-time body temperature during the first 4 nights after an immune challenge in comparison to controls, implying increased night-time energy use. At peak antibody production, we did not find differences in night-time body temperature and oxygen consumption but observed differentiated results for oxygen consumption during the day. Immune-challenged females had significantly higher oxygen consumption compared with other groups. Moreover, we found that activation of the humoral immune response increases oxidative damage, a potential cost of maintaining the higher night-time body temperature that is crucial at the early stage of the immune response. The costs generated by the immune system appear to consist of two components - energetic and non-energetic - and these appear to be separated in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeusz Bryla
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elisavet Zagkle
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Cichoń
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ulf Bauchinger
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Chaillou T, Treigyte V, Mosely S, Brazaitis M, Venckunas T, Cheng AJ. Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:37. [PMID: 35254558 PMCID: PMC8901468 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of post-exercise cooling (e.g., cold water immersion) and post-exercise heating has become a popular intervention which is assumed to increase functional recovery and may improve chronic training adaptations. However, the effectiveness of such post-exercise temperature manipulations remains uncertain. The aim of this comprehensive review was to analyze the effects of post-exercise cooling and post-exercise heating on neuromuscular function (maximal strength and power), fatigue resistance, exercise performance, and training adaptations. We focused on three exercise types (resistance, endurance and sprint exercises) and included studies investigating (1) the early recovery phase, (2) the late recovery phase, and (3) repeated application of the treatment. We identified that the primary benefit of cooling was in the early recovery phase (< 1 h post-exercise) in improving fatigue resistance in hot ambient conditions following endurance exercise and possibly enhancing the recovery of maximal strength following resistance exercise. The primary negative impact of cooling was with chronic exposure which impaired strength adaptations and decreased fatigue resistance following resistance training intervention (12 weeks and 4–12 weeks, respectively). In the early recovery phase, cooling could also impair sprint performance following sprint exercise and could possibly reduce neuromuscular function immediately after endurance exercise. Generally, no benefits of acute cooling were observed during the 24–72-h recovery period following resistance and endurance exercises, while it could have some benefits on the recovery of neuromuscular function during the 24–48-h recovery period following sprint exercise. Most studies indicated that chronic cooling does not affect endurance training adaptations following 4–6 week training intervention. We identified limited data employing heating as a recovery intervention, but some indications suggest promise in its application to endurance and sprint exercise.
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Pirri F, Ometto L, Fuselli S, Fernandes FAN, Ancona L, Perta N, Di Marino D, Le Bohec C, Zane L, Trucchi E. Selection-driven adaptation to the extreme Antarctic environment in the Emperor penguin. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 129:317-326. [PMID: 36207436 PMCID: PMC9708836 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The eco-evolutionary history of penguins is characterised by shifting from temperate to cold environments. Breeding in Antarctica, the Emperor penguin appears as an extreme outcome of this process, with unique features related to insulation, heat production and energy management. However, whether this species actually diverged from a less cold-adapted ancestor, more ecologically similar to its sister species, the King penguin, is still an open question. As the Antarctic colonisation likely resulted in vast changes in selective pressure experienced by the Emperor penguin, the relative quantification of the genomic signatures of selection, unique to each sister species, could answer this question. Applying phylogeny-based selection tests on 7651 orthologous genes, we identified a more pervasive selection shift in the Emperor penguin than in the King penguin, supporting the hypothesis that its extreme cold adaptation is a derived state. Furthermore, among candidate genes under selection, four (TRPM8, LEPR, CRB1, and SFI1) were identified before in other cold-adapted homeotherms, like the woolly Mammoth, while other 161 genes can be assigned to biological functions relevant to cold adaptation identified in previous studies. Location and structural effects of TRPM8 substitutions in Emperor and King penguin lineages support their functional role with putative divergent effects on thermal adaptation. We conclude that extreme cold adaptation in the Emperor penguin largely involved unique genetic options which, however, affect metabolic and physiological traits common to other cold-adapted homeotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pirri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lino Ometto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Fuselli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Flávia A N Fernandes
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lorena Ancona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nunzio Perta
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Céline Le Bohec
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
- Département de Biologie Polaire, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Lorenzo Zane
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Emiliano Trucchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
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Hau M, Deimel C, Moiron M. Great tits differ in glucocorticoid plasticity in response to spring temperature. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221235. [PMID: 36350212 PMCID: PMC9653245 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations in environmental temperature affect energy metabolism and stimulate the expression of reversible phenotypic plasticity in vertebrate behavioural and physiological traits. Changes in circulating concentrations of glucocorticoid hormones often underpin environmentally induced phenotypic plasticity. Ongoing climate change is predicted to increase fluctuations in environmental temperature globally, making it imperative to determine the standing phenotypic variation in glucocorticoid responses of free-living populations to evaluate their potential for coping via plastic or evolutionary changes. Using a reaction norm approach, we repeatedly sampled wild great tit (Parus major) individuals for circulating glucocorticoid concentrations during reproduction across five years to quantify individual variation in glucocorticoid plasticity along an environmental temperature gradient. As expected, baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid concentrations increased with lower environmental temperatures at the population and within-individual level. Moreover, we provide unique evidence that individuals differ significantly in their plastic responses to the temperature gradient for both glucocorticoid traits, with some displaying greater plasticity than others. Average concentrations and degree of plasticity covaried for baseline glucocorticoids, indicating that these two reaction norm components are linked. Hence, individual variation in glucocorticoid plasticity in response to a key environmental factor exists in a wild vertebrate population, representing a crucial step to assess their potential to endure temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Maria Moiron
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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40
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Xiao QH, He Z, Wu RW, Zhu DH. Physiological and biochemical differences in diapause and non-diapause pupae of Sericinus montelus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:1031654. [PMID: 36406979 PMCID: PMC9666684 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1031654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The swallowtail butterfly, Sericinus montelus Gray, is endemic to East Asia, has high ornamental value but faces an increased risk of extinction. To understand the overwintering strategies of this species, the dynamic changes in supercooling point (SCP) and water and biochemical contents of diapause-destined and non-diapause S. montelus pupae were investigated. The SCP of laboratory-reared diapause pupae was as low as -26°C compared to -24°C in diapause pupae in the field. Although there was no significant difference in total water content between diapause-destined and non-diapause pupae, the free water of diapause-destined pupae was significantly lower, and the bound water was significantly higher, than that of non-diapause pupae. Lipid, glycogen, and protein contents of diapause-destined pupae showed a downward trend, whereas the total sugar content showed the opposite trend after pupation. The glycogen content decreased rapidly during the initial stage of pupation, whereas the lipid content decreased significantly after 30 days of pupation, suggesting that diapause-destined pupae deplete glycogen stores during the pre-diapause period and then switch to using lipids during the diapause maintenance phase. Trehalose levels in diapause-destined pupae increased significantly and remained high after pupation. Meanwhile, the trehalose content of overwintering pupae during the diapause maintenance period was significantly higher than that of diapause termination pupae in the field. These results suggest that trehalose is the main cryoprotectant for overwintering pupae. Thus, diapausing S. montelus pupae appear to be freeze avoidant, accumulate trehalose as a cryoprotectant, and reduce the free water content to decrease the SCP, enhancing their cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Hong Xiao
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior and Evolutionary Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, China
- College of Physical Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, China
| | - Zhe He
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior and Evolutionary Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, China
| | - Rong-Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior and Evolutionary Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, China
| | - Dao-Hong Zhu
- Laboratory of Insect Behavior and Evolutionary Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, China
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Ørsted M, Jørgensen LB, Overgaard J. Finding the right thermal limit: a framework to reconcile ecological, physiological and methodological aspects of CTmax in ectotherms. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:277015. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Upper thermal limits (CTmax) are frequently used to parameterize the fundamental niche of ectothermic animals and to infer biogeographical distribution limits under current and future climate scenarios. However, there is considerable debate associated with the methodological, ecological and physiological definitions of CTmax. The recent (re)introduction of the thermal death time (TDT) model has reconciled some of these issues and now offers a solid mathematical foundation to model CTmax by considering both intensity and duration of thermal stress. Nevertheless, the physiological origin and boundaries of this temperature–duration model remain unexplored. Supported by empirical data, we here outline a reconciling framework that integrates the TDT model, which operates at stressful temperatures, with the classic thermal performance curve (TPC) that typically describes biological functions at permissive temperatures. Further, we discuss how the TDT model is founded on a balance between disruptive and regenerative biological processes that ultimately defines a critical boundary temperature (Tc) separating the TDT and TPC models. Collectively, this framework allows inclusion of both repair and accumulation of heat stress, and therefore also offers a consistent conceptual approach to understand the impact of high temperature under fluctuating thermal conditions. Further, this reconciling framework allows improved experimental designs to understand the physiological underpinnings and ecological consequences of ectotherm heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ørsted
- Aarhus University Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology , , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | | | - Johannes Overgaard
- Aarhus University Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology , , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
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Narváez C, Sabat P, Sanchez-Hernandez JC. Synergistic effects of pesticides and environmental variables on earthworm standard metabolic rate. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109404. [PMID: 35788402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Endogeic earthworms such as Aporrectodea caliginosa play an essential role in the agroecosystems because of their continuous burrowing and feeding (geophagous) activity, which causes a profound impact on soil texture, organic matter decomposition, soil carbon storage, microbial activity, soil biodiversity, and nutrient cycling. Accordingly, endogeic earthworms are being proposed as suitable candidates for the ecotoxicity assessment of polluted soils. However, terrestrial ecotoxicology has little considered the interactive effects from pollutants and environmental variables (temperature, moisture). We acclimatized A. caliginosa for 90 days to two contrasting temperatures (10 °C and 20 °C) and moistures (25 % and 35 %, w/v) in soils contaminated with 20 mg kg-1 of chlorpyrifos to examine how these two climate change drivers may modulate the pesticide toxicity. We measured the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activities as indicators of organophosphorus exposure, the standard metabolic rate as an integrative physiological biomarker, and the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) both as indicators of oxidative stress. The main results were: i) chlorpyrifos strongly inhibited ChE activity (>75 % of controls), demonstrating earthworm bioavailability and acute toxicity at the test concentration; 2) a 50 % mortality and loss of body weight (49 %) were found in the earthworms exposed to the most severe environmental conditions (20 °C, 25 %, and pesticide); 3) this latter experimental group displayed a high SMR, which was concomitant with an increase of the oxidative balance index (TBARS/TAC). We postulated that earthworms acclimatized to stressing environmental conditions experienced a higher pesticide-induced metabolic cost and physiological challenges imposed by adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Narváez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile. https://twitter.com/@sabatkirkwood
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Molecular and thermodynamic mechanisms for protein adaptation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 51:519-534. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-022-01618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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O'Connor RS, Le Pogam A, Young KG, Love OP, Cox CJ, Roy G, Robitaille F, Elliott KH, Hargreaves AL, Choy ES, Gilchrist HG, Berteaux D, Tam A, Vézina F. Warming in the land of the midnight sun: breeding birds may suffer greater heat stress at high- versus low-Arctic sites. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220300. [PMID: 36000233 PMCID: PMC9399709 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising global temperatures are expected to increase reproductive costs for wildlife as greater thermoregulatory demands interfere with reproductive activities. However, predicting the temperatures at which reproductive performance is negatively impacted remains a significant hurdle. Using a thermoregulatory polygon approach, we derived a reproductive threshold temperature for an Arctic songbird-the snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis). We defined this threshold as the temperature at which individuals must reduce activity to suboptimal levels (i.e. less than four-time basal metabolic rate) to sustain nestling provisioning and avoid overheating. We then compared this threshold to operative temperatures recorded at high (82° N) and low (64° N) Arctic sites to estimate how heat constraints translate into site-specific impacts on sustained activity level. We predict buntings would become behaviourally constrained at operative temperatures above 11.7°C, whereupon they must reduce provisioning rates to avoid overheating. Low-Arctic sites had larger fluctuations in solar radiation, consistently producing daily periods when operative temperatures exceeded 11.7°C. However, high-latitude birds faced entire, consecutive days when parents would be unable to sustain required provisioning rates. These data indicate that Arctic warming is probably already disrupting the breeding performance of cold-specialist birds and suggests counterintuitive and severe negative impacts of warming at higher latitude breeding locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. O'Connor
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Centre d'études nordiques, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
| | - Audrey Le Pogam
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Centre d'études nordiques, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
| | - Kevin G. Young
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Oliver P. Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Christopher J. Cox
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Gabrielle Roy
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
| | - Francis Robitaille
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
| | - Kyle H. Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - Anna L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biological Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Emily S. Choy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - H. Grant Gilchrist
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Centre d'études nordiques, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
| | - Andrew Tam
- Department of National Defence, 8 Wing Trenton, Astra, ON, Canada K0K3W0
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Centre d'études nordiques, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
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Welman S, Ibarzabal I. Thermal physiology of Tropical House Geckos ( Hemidactylus mabouia) in a cool temperate region of South Africa. AFR J HERPETOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2022.2098393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Welman
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - I Ibarzabal
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
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Li AJ, Zhou GJ, Lai RWS, Leung PTY, Wu CC, Zeng EY, Lui GCS, Leung KMY. Extreme cold or warm events can potentially exacerbate chemical toxicity to the marine medaka fish Oryzias melastigma. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106226. [PMID: 35738209 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are currently subjected to dual stresses of chemical pollution and climate change. Through a series of laboratory experiments, this study investigated the impact of exposure to chemical contaminant such as DDT or copper (Cu), in combination with cold or warm temperature extremes on the marine medaka fish Oryzias melastigma. The results showed that extreme seawater temperatures (i.e., 15 and 32 °C in sub-tropical Hong Kong) exacerbated adverse chemical impacts on the growth performance of O. melastigma, in particular at the high thermal extreme. This was likely associated with an interruption of oxygen consumption and aerobic scope. Most importantly, the results of acclimation experiments, as reflected by thermal tolerance polygons, showed that chemical exposure substantially narrowed the thermal tolerance of the medaka, making them more vulnerable to temperature changes and extreme thermal events. Under dual stresses of thermal extremes and chemical exposure, the medaka switched their metabolic pathway to anaerobic respiration that might deplete their energy reserve for chemical detoxification. Although stress proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSP90) were up-regulated for cellular protection in the fish, such a defensive mechanism was repressed with intensifying dual stresses at high temperature and high chemical concentration. Bioconcentration of DDT or Cu generally increased with increasing temperature and its exposure concentration. Overall, these complex chemical-temperature interactions concomitantly exerted a concerted adverse impact to O. melastigma. The temperature-dependent toxicity of DDT or Cu shown in this study clearly demonstrated the potential challenge brought by the risk of chemical pollution under the impact of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela J Li
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Colleage of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Racliffe W S Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Priscilla T Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen C Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gilbert C S Lui
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Leith NT, Fowler-Finn KD, Moore MP. Evolutionary interactions between thermal ecology and sexual selection. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1919-1936. [PMID: 35831230 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thermal ecology and mate competition are both pervasive features of ecological adaptation. A surge of recent work has uncovered the diversity of ways in which temperature affects mating interactions and sexual selection. However, the potential for thermal biology and reproductive ecology to evolve together as organisms adapt to their thermal environment has been underappreciated. Here, we develop a series of hypotheses regarding (1) not only how thermal ecology affects mating system dynamics, but also how mating dynamics can generate selection on thermal traits; and (2) how the thermal consequences of mate competition favour the reciprocal co-adaptation of thermal biology and sexual traits. We discuss our hypotheses in the context of both pre-copulatory and post-copulatory processes. We also call for future work integrating experimental and phylogenetic comparative approaches to understand evolutionary feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection. Overall, studying reciprocal feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection may be necessary to understand how organisms have adapted to the environments of the past and could persist in the environments of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T Leith
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kasey D Fowler-Finn
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael P Moore
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Cold-active enzymes in the dairy industry: Insight into cold adaption mechanisms and their applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen H, Zhao F, Chen K, Guo Y, Liang Y, Zhao H, Chen S. Exposure of zebrafish to a cold environment triggered cellular autophagy in zebrafish liver. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:991-1000. [PMID: 35395109 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water temperature is the major ecophysiological factor for fish survival in nature and aquaculture. Compared with many homeotherms, fish can survive prolonged periods under the condition of low temperature. However, the metabolic strategies of the liver under a cold environment are still unknown in this species. In our present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to a cold or cold plus starvation environment to analyse the morphological characteristics of hepatocytes by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fish livers were dissected and observed under a microscope, and the liver size and shape appeared normal in all groups. Periodic acid-Schiff and TEM analysis showed that hepatic glycogen was significantly lower in zebrafish exposed to cold acclimation (CF group) than that zebrafish at the control water temperature (CT group). Moreover, qPCR and IHC results indicated that the expression of PYGL (a key enzyme involved in glycogenolysis) markedly increased in the CF group. After cold plus starvation treatment (CS group), autophagy activity was significantly enhanced and numerous mitophagic vacuoles were present in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In conclusion, hepatic glycogen was first mobilizing to supply energy, and then autophagy, especially mitophagy, played vital roles during nutrient deprivation in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Fange Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Kexing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yihan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yue Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
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50
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Biochemical Characterisation and Structure Determination of a Novel Cold-Active Proline Iminopeptidase from the Psychrophilic Yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial proteases constitute one of the most important groups of industrially relevant enzymes. Proline iminopeptidases (PIPs) that specifically release amino-terminal proline from peptides are of major interest for applications in food biotechnology. Proline iminopeptidase has been extensively characterised in bacteria and filamentous fungi. However, no similar reports exist for yeasts. In this study, a protease gene from Glaciozyma antarctica designated as GaPIP was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Sequence analyses of the gene revealed a 960 bp open reading frame encoding a 319 amino acid protein (35,406 Da). The purified recombinant GaPIP showed a specific activity of 3561 Umg−1 towards L-proline-p-nitroanilide, confirming its identity as a proline iminopeptidase. GaPIP is a cold-active enzyme with an optimum activity of 30 °C at pH 7.0. The enzyme is stable between pH 7.0 and 8.0 and able to retain its activity at 10–30 °C. Although GaPIP is a serine protease, only 25% inhibition by the serine protease inhibitor, phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride (PMSF) was recorded. This enzyme is strongly inhibited by the presence of EDTA, suggesting that it is a metalloenzyme. The dimeric structure of GaPIP was determined at a resolution of 2.4 Å. To date, GaPIP is the first characterised PIP from yeasts and the structure of GaPIP is the first structure for PIP from eukaryotes.
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