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Gouhier A, Villette V, Mathieu B, Ayon A, Bradley J, Dieudonné S. Identification and Organization of a Postural Anti-Gravity Module in the Cerebellar Vermis. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00263-X. [PMID: 38897374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The cerebellum is known to control the proper balance of isometric muscular contractions that maintain body posture. Current optogenetic manipulations of the cerebellar cortex output, however, have focused on ballistic body movements, examining movement initiation or perturbations. Here, by optogenetic stimulations of cerebellar Purkinje cells, which are the output of the cerebellar cortex, we evaluate body posture maintenance. By sequential analysis of body movement, we dissect the effect of optogenetic stimulation into a directly induced movement that is then followed by a compensatory reflex to regain body posture. We identify a module in the medial part of the anterior vermis which, through multiple muscle tone regulation, is involved in postural anti-gravity maintenance of the body. Moreover, we report an antero-posterior and medio-lateral functional segregation over the vermal lobules IV/V/VI. Taken together our results open new avenues for better understanding of the modular functional organization of the cerebellar cortex and its role in postural anti-gravity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Gouhier
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Vincent Villette
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Benjamin Mathieu
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Annick Ayon
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jonathan Bradley
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Stéphane Dieudonné
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France.
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2
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Wang G, Yang Y, Dong K, Hua A, Wang J, Liu J. Multisensory Conflict Impairs Cortico-Muscular Network Connectivity and Postural Stability: Insights from Partial Directed Coherence Analysis. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:79-89. [PMID: 37989834 PMCID: PMC10774487 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory conflict impacts postural control, yet its effect on cortico-muscular interaction remains underexplored. We aimed to investigate sensory conflict's influence on the cortico-muscular network and postural stability. We used a rotating platform and virtual reality to present subjects with congruent and incongruent sensory input, recorded EEG (electroencephalogram) and EMG (electromyogram) data, and constructed a directed connectivity network. The results suggest that, compared to sensory congruence, during sensory conflict: (1) connectivity among the sensorimotor, visual, and posterior parietal cortex generally decreases, (2) cortical control over the muscles is weakened, (3) feedback from muscles to the cortex is strengthened, and (4) the range of body sway increases and its complexity decreases. These results underline the intricate effects of sensory conflict on cortico-muscular networks. During the sensory conflict, the brain adaptively decreases the integration of conflicting information. Without this integrated information, cortical control over muscles may be lessened, whereas the muscle feedback may be enhanced in compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, China
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kangli Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anke Hua
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Center for Psychological Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, China.
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Divandari N, Bird ML, Vakili M, Jaberzadeh S. The Association Between Cognitive Domains and Postural Balance among Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Literature and Meta-Analysis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:681-693. [PMID: 37856048 PMCID: PMC10673728 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to explore which cognitive domain is more closely associated with which type of balance (static or dynamic). RESENT FINDING Based on recent reviews, inhibitory control, a part of cognition, plays a crucial role in balance performance. Previous reviews report significant links between cognition, mobility, and physical function in older adults. However, evidence regarding the relationship between cognition and balance scores remains inconclusive. The strength of association between cognition and balance appears to be domain-specific and task-specific. Executive function exhibits the strongest correlation with balance, while episodic memory shows a small link with dynamic balance. Processing speed and global cognition demonstrate moderate correlations. Additionally, there is a slight association between cognitive domains and static balance. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for managing balance-related concerns that are domain-specific and task-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Divandari
- Monash Neuromodulation Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, PO Box 527, Melbourne, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia.
| | - Marie-Louise Bird
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham Tasmania 7248, Launceston, Australia
| | - Mahdi Vakili
- Mowbray Medical Clinic, Invermay, TAS, Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Monash Neuromodulation Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, PO Box 527, Melbourne, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
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Horslen BC, Milburn GN, Blum KP, Simha SN, Campbell KS, Ting LH. History-dependent muscle resistance to stretch remains high after small, posturally relevant pre-movements. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245456. [PMID: 37661732 PMCID: PMC10560558 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of intrinsic muscle fiber resistance during mechanical perturbations to standing and other postural behaviors are unclear. Muscle short-range stiffness is known to vary depending on the current level and history of the muscle's activation, as well as the muscle's recent movement history; this property has been referred to as history dependence or muscle thixotropy. However, we currently lack sufficient data about the degree to which muscle stiffness is modulated across posturally relevant characteristics of muscle stretch and activation. We characterized the history dependence of muscle's resistance to stretch in single, permeabilized, activated, muscle fibers in posturally relevant stretch conditions and activation levels. We used a classic paired muscle stretch paradigm, varying the amplitude of a 'conditioning' triangular stretch-shorten cycle followed by a 'test' ramp-and-hold imposed after a variable inter-stretch interval. We tested low (<15%), intermediate (15-50%) and high (>50%) muscle fiber activation levels, evaluating short-range stiffness and total impulse in the test stretch. Muscle fiber resistance to stretch remained high at conditioning amplitudes of <1% optimal fiber length, L0, and inter-stretch intervals of >1 s, characteristic of healthy standing postural sway. An ∼70% attenuation of muscle resistance to stretch was reached at conditioning amplitudes of >3% L0 and inter-stretch intervals of <0.1 s, characteristic of larger, faster postural sway in balance-impaired individuals. The thixotropic changes cannot be predicted solely on muscle force at the time of stretch. Consistent with the disruption of muscle cross-bridges, muscle resistance to stretch during behavior can be substantially attenuated if the prior motion is large enough and/or frequent enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Horslen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Gregory N. Milburn
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kyle P. Blum
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Surabhi N. Simha
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | - Lena H. Ting
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Mirdamadi JL, Ting LH, Borich MR. Distinct cortical correlates of perception and motor function in balance control. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.22.554282. [PMID: 37662247 PMCID: PMC10473579 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in brain state alter how we perceive our body and generate movements but have not been investigated in functional whole-body behaviors. During reactive balance control, we recently showed that evoked brain activity is associated with balance ability in healthy young individuals. Further, in individuals with Parkinson's disease, impairments in whole-body motion perception in reactive balance are associated with clinical balance impairment. Here we investigated brain activity during whole-body motion perception in reactive balance in healthy young adults. We hypothesized that flexibility in brain states underlies successful perception and movement during whole-body movement. We characterized two cortical sensorimotor signals using electroencephalography localized to the supplementary motor area: 1) the "N1 response", a perturbation-evoked potential that decreases in amplitude with expectancy and is larger in individuals with lower balance function; and 2) pre-perturbation beta oscillatory activity, a rhythm that favors maintenance of the current sensorimotor state and is inversely associated with perception in seated somatosensory perceptual tasks. In a two-alternative forced choice task, participants judged whether pairs of backward support-surface perturbations during standing were in the "same" or "different" direction. As expected, lower whole-body perception was associated with lower balance ability. Within a perturbation pair, N1 attenuation was larger on correctly perceived trials and associated with better balance, but not perception. In contrast, pre-perturbation beta power was higher on incorrectly perceived trials and associated with poorer perception, but not balance. Taken together, flexibility in different cortical processes influences perceptual accuracy but have distinct associations with balance and perceptual ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine L. Mirdamadi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lena H. Ting
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael R. Borich
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Sensorimotor recalibration of postural control strategies occurs after whole body vibration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:522. [PMID: 36627328 PMCID: PMC9831994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient postural control results from an effective interplay between sensory feedbacks integration and muscle modulation and can be affected by ageing and neuromuscular injuries. With this study, we investigated the effect of whole-body vibratory stimulation on postural control strategies employed to maintain an upright posture. We explored both physiological and posturography metrics, through corticomuscular and intramuscular coherence, and muscle networks analyses. The stimulation disrupts balance in the short term, but leads to a greater contribution of cortical activity, necessary to modulate muscle activation via the formation of (new) synergies. We also observed a reconfiguration of muscle recruitment patterns that returned to pre-stimulation levels after few minutes, accompanied by a slight improvement of balance in the anterior-posterior direction. Our results suggest that, in the context of postural control, appropriate mechanical stimulation is capable of triggering a recalibration of the sensorimotor set and might offer new perspectives for motor re-education.
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Klymus TM, Ravchyna TV, Herus O, Kozak MY, Tiurina TG, Shkoliar MV, Marcucci G. USING THE SENSORY INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE FOR PEOPLE WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS DURING TRAINING AT THE CLIMBING SECTION. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2023; 51:558-562. [PMID: 38069858 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202305116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To analyze the practical application of the sensory integration technique for individuals with autism spectrum disorder at a climbing section, and to investigate the impact of physical activity on improving their proprioceptive and vestibular systems. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: The method of included participant observation at the climbing classes with constant recording the behavior (desirable and undesirable) was used. The sensory screening (developed by J. Ayres) was applied for recording and determining the sensory systems of the people with ASD before the start of training and again after a month. The scale of Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) was used for assessing certain aspects of participants' sensory processing or perception according to the goals set during the climbing classes. RESULTS Results: The results of the research showed that the application of the sensory integration technique for individuals with ACD at a climbing section promoted the dynamics of changes in their sensory system during training considering the characteristics of their sensory system. The positive changes were observed in the way the people with ACD felt about their own bodies and their involvement in sports activities that in its turn made it possible to be active and develop their sensory system. It has been identified that while planning training for the people with ASD it is necessary to take into account sensory modulation (reading sensory signals) and apply exercises for stimulating sensory sensations that will improve the motor activity of persons with ASD, their social interaction, and safety, as well. CONCLUSION Conclusions: During training at the climbing section sensory information processing of the individuals with ASD have the impact on their body control, hand-eye coordination, and hand sensitivity during training. The improvement of sensory information processing in its turn enables people with ASD to master climbing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetyana V Ravchyna
- SEPARATE STRUCTURAL UNIT "TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL COLLEGE OF LVIV POLYTECHNIC NATIONAL UNIVERSITY", LVIV, UKRAINE
| | - Olha Herus
- LVIV POLITECHNIK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, LVIV, UKRAINE
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Hardesty RL, Ellaway PH, Gritsenko V. The human motor cortex contributes to gravity compensation to maintain posture and during reaching. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:83-101. [PMID: 36448705 PMCID: PMC9799140 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00367.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural control of posture and movement is interdependent. During voluntary movement, the neural motor command is executed by the motor cortex through the corticospinal tract and its collaterals and subcortical targets. Here we address the question of whether the control mechanism for the postural adjustments at nonmoving joints is also involved in overcoming gravity at the moving joints. We used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure the corticospinal excitability in humans during postural and reaching tasks. We hypothesized that the corticospinal excitability is proportional to background muscle activity and the gravity-related joint moments during both static postures and reaching movements. To test this hypothesis, we used visual targets in virtual reality to instruct five postures and three movements with or against gravity. We then measured the amplitude and gain of motor evoked potentials in multiple arm and hand muscles at several phases of the reaching motion and during static postures. The stimulation caused motor evoked potentials in all muscles that were proportional to the muscle activity. During both static postures and reaching movements, the muscle activity and the corticospinal contribution to these muscles changed in proportion with the postural moments needed to support the arm against gravity, supporting the hypothesis. Notably, these changes happened not only in antigravity muscles. Altogether, these results provide evidence that the changes in corticospinal excitability cause muscle cocontraction that modulates limb stiffness. This suggests that the motor cortex is involved in producing postural adjustments that support the arm against gravity during posture maintenance and reaching.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Animal studies suggest that the corticospinal tract and its collaterals are crucial for producing postural adjustments that accompany movement in limbs other than the moving limb. Here we provide evidence for a similar control schema for both arm posture maintenance and gravity compensation during movement of the same limb. The observed interplay between the postural and movement control signals within the corticospinal tract may help explain the underlying neural motor deficits after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L Hardesty
- Departments of Human Performance and Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Peter H Ellaway
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeriya Gritsenko
- Departments of Human Performance and Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Zelenin PV, Lyalka VF, Deliagina TG. Changes in operation of postural networks in rabbits with postural functions recovered after lateral hemisection of the spinal cord. J Physiol 2023; 601:307-334. [PMID: 36463517 PMCID: PMC9840688 DOI: 10.1113/jp283458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord (LHS) severely impairs postural functions, which recover over time. Here, to reveal changes in the operation of postural networks underlying the recovery, male rabbits with recovered postural functions after LHS at T12 (R-rabbits) were used. After decerebration, we characterized the responses of individual spinal interneurons from L5 along with hindlimb EMG responses to stimulation causing postural limb reflexes (PLRs) that substantially contribute to postural corrections in intact animals. The data were compared with those obtained in our previous studies of rabbits with the intact spinal cord and rabbits after acute LHS. Although, in R-rabbits, the EMG responses to postural disturbances both ipsilateral and contralateral to the LHS (ipsi-LHS and co-LHS) were only slightly distorted, PLRs on the co-LHS side (unaffected by acute LHS) were distorted substantially and PLRs on the ipsi-LHS side (abolished by acute LHS) were close to control. Thus, in R-rabbits, plastic changes develop in postural networks both affected and unaffected by acute LHS. PLRs on the ipsi-LHS side recover mainly as a result of changes at brainstem-cerebellum-spinal levels, whereas the forebrain is substantially involved in the generation of PLRs on the co-LHS side. We found that, in areas of grey matter in which the activity of spinal neurons of the postural network was significantly decreased after acute LHS, it recovered to the control level, whereas, in areas unaffected by acute LHS, it was significantly changed. These changes underlie the recovery and distortion of PLRs on the ipsi-LHS and co-LHS sides, respectively. KEY POINTS: After lateral hemisection of the spinal cord (LHS), postural functions recover over time. The underlying changes in the operation of postural networks are unknown. We compared the responses of individual spinal neurons and hindlimb muscles to stimulation causing postural limb reflexes (PLRs) in recovered LHS-rabbits with those obtained in rabbits with the intact spinal cord and rabbits after acute LHS. We demonstrated that changes underlying the recovery of postural functions take place not only in postural networks that are severely impaired, but also in those that are almost unaffected by acute LHS. PLRs on the LHS side recover mainly as a result of changes at brainstem-cerebellum-spinal levels, whereas the forebrain is substantially involved in the generation of PLRs contralateral to the LHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Zelenin
- Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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10
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Spinal Cord Circuits: Models and Reality. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-022-09927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Learning Push Recovery Behaviors for Humanoid Walking Using Deep Reinforcement Learning. J INTELL ROBOT SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10846-022-01656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Gursoy ZG, Yilmaz U, Celik H, Arpinar-Avsar P, Kirazci S. Effect of individualized cognitive and postural task difficulty levels on postural control during dual task condition. Gait Posture 2022; 96:1-8. [PMID: 35533430 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous dual task studies suggested that the difficulty of the concurrent cognitive and motor tasks may not be challenging to the same degree for each person. This study approaches this problem by setting individualized difficulty levels for tasks to examine the dual task interference. RESEARCH QUESTION Do the features of postural sway depend on increased individualized difficulty levels of concurrent cognitive and postural activities? METHODS 20 young healthy participants (10 male, 10 female) took part in the study. Before the experiments, cognitive task difficulty (No-, Medium-, High) has been set individually. Subjects performed postural tasks (quiet stance, voluntary sway) concurrently with or without a cognitive task which based on simple arithmetic calculations. Postural sway features were examined. RESULTS Postural sway features were affected by individualized difficulty level of concurrent cognitive and postural activities. In voluntary sway, as a more challenging postural task, higher reductions were observed for such sway features as COP velocity and range in AP direction. SIGNIFICANCE This study signaled task-specific changes in postural sway features. When the difficulty levels were set individually, the effect of motor and cognitive dual task was more apparent when the balance requirement of the primary motor task increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeren G Gursoy
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Yilmaz
- Department of Biomechanics and Motor Control, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Celik
- Department of Biomechanics and Motor Control, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Arpinar-Avsar
- Department of Biomechanics and Motor Control, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Kirazci
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zwijgers E, Nienhuis B, Rijken H, van Nes IJW, Geurts ACH, Keijsers NLW. The effect of limited sensory information on exoskeleton performance in people with complete spinal cord injury. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2022; 2022:1-5. [PMID: 36176145 DOI: 10.1109/icorr55369.2022.9896518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the absence of somatosensory information from the lower extremities, people with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) can maintain postural stability in an exoskeleton. This is partly because humans are able to reweigh the relative dependence on each of the senses. However, when the sensory environment is changed, people with complete SCI are limited in their ability to reweigh their sensory organization towards more dependence on somatosensory information. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of limited visual and/or auditory information on exoskeleton performance in people with complete SCI. Three experienced exoskeleton users performed twelve walking trials in the ReWalk exoskeleton. In each trial, the presence or absence of visual and/or auditory information was varied. Exoskeleton performance was operationalized as the walking distance covered and the amount of crutch loading. In one participant, the distance covered decreased when visual information was limited. The other two participants did not show substantial differences in distance covered between sensory conditions. Two participants decreased crutch loading when visual information was restricted, and one participant decreased crutch loading when auditory information was limited. The current study suggests a limited influence of the presence or absence of visual and auditory information on the distance covered in people with complete SCI walking in an exoskeleton. Interestingly, crutch loading seemed to decrease rather than increase when visual or auditory information was limited.
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Kannan L, Bhatt T, Zhang A, Ajilore O. Association of balance control mechanisms with brain structural integrity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Neurosci Lett 2022; 783:136699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Beam width and arm position but not cognitive task affect walking balance in older adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6854. [PMID: 35477729 PMCID: PMC9046185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of changes in dynamic balance could help identify older adults at fall risk. Walking on a narrow beam with its width, cognitive load, and arm position manipulated could be an alternative to current tests. Therefore, we examined additive and interactive effects of beam width, cognitive task (CT), and arm position on dynamic balance during beam walking in older adults. Twenty older adults (69 ± 4y) walked on 6, 8, and 10-cm wide beams (2-cm high, 4-m-long), with and without CT, with three arm positions (free, crossed, akimbo). We determined cognitive errors, distance walked, step speed, root mean square (RMS) of center of mass (COM) displacement and trunk acceleration in the frontal plane. Beam width decrease progressively reduced distance walked and increased trunk acceleration RMS. Step speed decreased on the narrowest beam and with CT. Arm crossing decreased distance walked and step speed. COM displacement RMS and cognitive errors were not affected by any manipulation. In conclusion, distance walked indicated that beam width and arm position, but less so CT, affected dynamic balance, implying that beam walking has the potential to become a test of fall risk. Stability measurements suggested effective trunk adjustments to control COM position and keep dynamic balance during the task.
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Goel R, Nakagome S, Paloski WH, Contreras-Vidal JL, Parikh PJ. Assessment of Biomechanical Predictors of Occurrence of Low-Amplitude N1 Potentials Evoked by Naturally Occurring Postural Instabilities. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:476-485. [PMID: 35201989 PMCID: PMC11047164 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3154707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring postural instabilities that occur while standing and walking elicit specific cortical responses in the fronto-central regions (N1 potentials) followed by corrective balance responses to prevent falling. However, no framework could simultaneously track different biomechanical parameters preceding N1s, predict N1s, and assess their predictive power. Here, we propose a framework and show its utility by examining cortical activity (through electroencephalography [EEG]), ground reaction forces, and head acceleration in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction. Ten healthy young adults carried out a balance task of standing on a support surface with or without sway referencing in the AP direction, amplifying, or dampening natural body sway. Using independent components from the fronto-central cortical region obtained from subject-specific head models, we first robustly validated a prior approach on identifying low-amplitude N1 potentials before early signs of balance corrections. Then, a machine learning algorithm was used to evaluate different biomechanical parameters obtained before N1 potentials, to predict the occurrence of N1s. When different biomechanical parameters were directly compared, the time to boundary (TTB) was found to be the best predictor of the occurrence of upcoming low-amplitude N1 potentials during a balance task. Based on these findings, we confirm that the spatio-temporal characteristics of the center of pressure (COP) might serve as an essential parameter that can facilitate the early detection of postural instability in a balance task. Extending our framework to identify such biomarkers in dynamic situations like walking might improve the implementation of corrective balance responses through brain-machine-interfaces to reduce falls in the elderly.
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Janeh O, Steinicke F. A Review of the Potential of Virtual Walking Techniques for Gait Rehabilitation. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:717291. [PMID: 34803632 PMCID: PMC8595292 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.717291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a promising tool for studying and rehabilitating gait disturbances in different cohorts of patients (such as Parkinson's disease, post-stroke, or other neurological disorders) as it allows patients to be engaged in an immersive and artificial environment, which can be designed to address the particular needs of each individual. This review demonstrates the state of the art in applications of virtual walking techniques and related technologies for gait therapy and rehabilitation of people with movement disorders makes recommendations for future research and discusses the use of VR in the clinic. However, the potential for using these techniques in gait rehabilitation is to provide a more personalized approach by simulate the experience of natural walking, while patients with neurological disorders are maintained localized in the real world. The goal of our work is to investigate how the human nervous system controls movement in health and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Janeh
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Frank Steinicke
- Human-Computer Interaction, Department of Informatics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Dewolf AH, Ivanenko YP, Mesquita RM, Willems PA. Postural control in the elephant. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272578. [PMID: 34676869 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As the largest extant legged animals, elephants arguably face the most extreme challenge for stable standing. In this study, we investigated the displacement of the centre of pressure of 12 elephants during quiet standing. We found that the average amplitude of the oscillations in the lateral and fore-aft directions was less than 1.5 cm. Such amplitudes for postural oscillation are comparable with those of dogs and other species, suggesting that some aspects of sensorimotor postural control do not scale with size.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Dewolf
- Laboratoire de physiologie et biomécanique de la locomotion, IoNS Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Center of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Y P Ivanenko
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - R M Mesquita
- Laboratoire de physiologie et biomécanique de la locomotion, IoNS Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - P A Willems
- Laboratoire de physiologie et biomécanique de la locomotion, IoNS Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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19
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Dougherty JB, Disse GD, Bridges NR, Moxon KA. Effect of spinal cord injury on neural encoding of spontaneous postural perturbations in the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:1555-1567. [PMID: 34379540 PMCID: PMC8782649 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00727.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Supraspinal signals play a significant role in compensatory responses to postural perturbations. Although the cortex is not necessary for basic postural tasks in intact animals, its role in responding to unexpected postural perturbations after spinal cord injury (SCI) has not been studied. To better understand how SCI impacts cortical encoding of postural perturbations, the activity of single neurons in the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex (HLSMC) was recorded in the rat during unexpected tilts before and after a complete midthoracic spinal transection. In a subset of animals, limb ground reaction forces were also collected. HLSMC activity was strongly modulated in response to different tilt profiles. As the velocity of the tilt increased, more information was conveyed by the HLSMC neurons about the perturbation due to increases in both the number of recruited neurons and the magnitude of their responses. SCI led to attenuated and delayed hindlimb ground reaction forces. However, HLSMC neurons remained responsive to tilts after injury but with increased latencies and decreased tuning to slower tilts. Information conveyed by cortical neurons about the tilts was therefore reduced after SCI, requiring more cells to convey the same amount of information as before the transection. Given that reorganization of the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex in response to therapy after complete midthoracic SCI is necessary for behavioral recovery, this sustained encoding of information after SCI could be a substrate for the reorganization that uses sensory information from above the lesion to control trunk muscles that permit weight-supported stepping and postural control.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The role of cortical circuits in the encoding of posture and balance is of interest for developing therapies for spinal cord injury. This work demonstrated that unexpected postural perturbations are encoded in the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex even in the absence of hindlimb sensory feedback. In fact, the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex continues to encode for postural perturbations after complete spinal transection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie B Dougherty
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory D Disse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nathaniel R Bridges
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Karen A Moxon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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20
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Hallett M, DelRosso LM, Elble R, Ferri R, Horak FB, Lehericy S, Mancini M, Matsuhashi M, Matsumoto R, Muthuraman M, Raethjen J, Shibasaki H. Evaluation of movement and brain activity. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2608-2638. [PMID: 34488012 PMCID: PMC8478902 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical neurophysiology studies can contribute important information about the physiology of human movement and the pathophysiology and diagnosis of different movement disorders. Some techniques can be accomplished in a routine clinical neurophysiology laboratory and others require some special equipment. This review, initiating a series of articles on this topic, focuses on the methods and techniques. The methods reviewed include EMG, EEG, MEG, evoked potentials, coherence, accelerometry, posturography (balance), gait, and sleep studies. Functional MRI (fMRI) is also reviewed as a physiological method that can be used independently or together with other methods. A few applications to patients with movement disorders are discussed as examples, but the detailed applications will be the subject of other articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Rodger Elble
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | | | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Stephan Lehericy
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Team "Movement, Investigations and Therapeutics" (MOV'IT), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Martina Mancini
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing unit, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Raethjen
- Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Preusserstr. 1-9, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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21
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Wang A, Li X, Huang H. The Effects of Internal Attention on Knee Biomechanics in Volleyball Spike Jump through Augmented Video Feedback. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050541. [PMID: 33922951 PMCID: PMC8145664 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor knee biomechanics in a volleyball spike jump generally result in a higher knee injury risk, which can be altered by an internal focus of attention (FOA). The constrained action hypothesis (CAH) purports that the FOA inhibits sports performance whereas no ecologically valid evidence has been found in previous studies. The purpose of this research is to explore the effect of video feedback on knee biomechanics in a volleyball spike jump including landing and take-off phases. The video feedback was performed in a natural way. Fourteen volleyball male players were recruited in this study. A paired t-test was used to detect the effect of the feedback; meanwhile, statistical parameter mapping (SPM) statistics were used for the continuum differences during movement. After biofeedback, the initial contact flexion angle of the knee (t = 2.179, p = 0.049), the maximal flexion angle of the knee (t = 3.242, p = 0.006) and the maximal internal rotation angular velocity of the knee (t = 5.209, p = 0.003) increased significantly; the maximal extension moment of the knee (t = 3.962, p < 0.001) and the maximal flexion moment of the knee (t = −3.711, p = 0.002) significantly decreased; the maximal abduction moment significantly decreased (t = 3.069, p = 0.037) but the maximal internal rotation moment significantly increased (t = 2.813, p = 0.018); the first peak of the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (t = 7.618, p < 0.001) and the average loading rate to the first peak (t = 4.205, p = 0.004) significantly decreased; the other peaks of the vGRF were not found to have differences; a larger knee flexion was found during the phase from 31.17 to 73.19% (t = 2.611, p = 0.012); a larger adduction angular velocity was found during the phase from 49.07 to 62.46% (t = 3.148, p = 0.004); a smaller external rotational angular velocity was found during the phase from 45.85 to 49.96% (t = 5.011 p = 0.017); there was an increased flexion moment of the knee during the phase from 19.72 to 21.38% (t = 0.029, p = 0.029) and an external moment of the knee during the phase from 85.55 to 95.06% (t = 4.214, p < 0.001); the vGRF significantly decreased during the phase from 3.13 to 5.94% (t = 4.096, p = 0.014) and 19.83–21.97% (t = 4.096, p = 0.024) but significantly increased in the phase of 91.43–100% (t = 4.096, p < 0.001). The impulse of the vGRF and knee power were not found to be different compared with before biofeedback. Therefore, our study suggests video feedback in a natural practice has the potential to improve knee movement whilst not altering the performance in a volleyball spike jump. This indicates that the CAH theory is possibly not suitable in a real competition. Due to the complexity of human movements and the limitations of this study, muscle activities must be considered in the future.
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22
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Lee J, Zhang K, Hogan N. Identifying human postural dynamics and control from unperturbed balance. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:54. [PMID: 33752698 PMCID: PMC7986509 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upright standing requires control of an inherently unstable multi-joint human body within a small base of support, despite biological motor and / or sensory noise which challenge balance. Without applying perturbations, system identification methods have been regarded as inadequate, because the relevant internal biological noise processes are not accessible to direct measurement. As a result, unperturbed balance studies have been limited to investigation of behavioral patterns rather than possible underlying control strategies. Methods In this paper, we present a mathemathically rigorous system identification method that is applicable to study the dynamics and control of unperturbed balance. The method is derived from autocorrelation matrices with non-zero time lags and identifies the system matrix of a discrete-time dynamic system in the presence of unknown noise processes, without requiring any information about the strength of the noise. Results Unlike reasonable ‘least-squares’ approaches, the performance of the new method is consistent across a range of different combinations of internal and measurement noise strengths, even when measurement noise is substantial. We present a numerical example of a model that simulates human upright balancing and show that its dynamics can be identified accurately. With a biomechanically reasonable choice of state and input variables, a state feedback controller can also be identified. Conclusions This study provides a new method to correctly identify the dynamics of human standing without the need for known external perturbations. The method was numerically validated using simulation that included realistic features of human balance. This method avoids potential issues of adaptation or possible reflex responses evoked by external perturbations, and does not require expensive in-lab, high-precision measurement equipment. It may eventually enable diagnosis and treatment of individuals with impaired balance, and the development of safe and effective assistive and / or rehabilitative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Kuangen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Neville Hogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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23
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Dai S, Piscicelli C, Clarac E, Baciu M, Hommel M, Pérennou D. Balance, Lateropulsion, and Gait Disorders in Subacute Stroke. Neurology 2020; 96:e2147-e2159. [PMID: 33177223 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that impaired body orientation with respect to gravity (lateropulsion) would play a key role in poststroke balance and gait disorders. METHODS Cohort study of 220 individuals consecutively admitted to a neurorehabilitation ward after a first hemisphere stroke (DOBRAS cohort [Determinants of Balance Recovery After Stroke] 2012-2018, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03203109), with clinical data systematically collected at 1 month, then at discharge. Primary outcomes were balance and gait disorders, quantified by the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke and the modified Fugl-Meyer Gait Assessment, to be explained by all deficits on day 30, including lateropulsion assessed with the Scale for Contraversive Pushing. Statistics comprised linear regression analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses, and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Lateropulsion was frequent, especially after right hemisphere stroke (RHS, D30, 48%; discharge 24%), almost always in right-handers. Among all deficits, impaired body orientation (lateropulsion) had the most detrimental effect on balance and gait. After RHS, balance disorders were proportional to lateropulsion severity, which alone explained almost all balance disorders at initial assessment (90%; 95% confidence interval [CI] [86-94], p < 0.001) and at discharge (92%; 95% CI 89-95, p < 0.001) and also the greatest part of gait disorders at initial assessment (66%; 95% CI 56-77, p < 0.001) and at discharge (68%; 95% CI 57-78, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Lateropulsion is the primary factor altering poststroke balance and gait at the subacute stage and therefore should be systematically assessed. Poststroke balance and gait rehabilitation should incorporate techniques devoted to misorientation with respect to gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhao Dai
- From the Neurorehabilitation Department (S.D., C.P., E.C., M.B., D.P.), Institute of Rehabilitation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Echirolles; and Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 (S.D., C.P., M.B., D.P.), and AGEIS EA 7407 (M.H.), University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Piscicelli
- From the Neurorehabilitation Department (S.D., C.P., E.C., M.B., D.P.), Institute of Rehabilitation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Echirolles; and Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 (S.D., C.P., M.B., D.P.), and AGEIS EA 7407 (M.H.), University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Clarac
- From the Neurorehabilitation Department (S.D., C.P., E.C., M.B., D.P.), Institute of Rehabilitation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Echirolles; and Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 (S.D., C.P., M.B., D.P.), and AGEIS EA 7407 (M.H.), University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- From the Neurorehabilitation Department (S.D., C.P., E.C., M.B., D.P.), Institute of Rehabilitation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Echirolles; and Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 (S.D., C.P., M.B., D.P.), and AGEIS EA 7407 (M.H.), University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Hommel
- From the Neurorehabilitation Department (S.D., C.P., E.C., M.B., D.P.), Institute of Rehabilitation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Echirolles; and Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 (S.D., C.P., M.B., D.P.), and AGEIS EA 7407 (M.H.), University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominic Pérennou
- From the Neurorehabilitation Department (S.D., C.P., E.C., M.B., D.P.), Institute of Rehabilitation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Echirolles; and Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, UMR CNRS 5105 (S.D., C.P., M.B., D.P.), and AGEIS EA 7407 (M.H.), University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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24
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Aydoğan Arslan S, Demirci CS, Katirci Kirmaci Zİ, Uğurlu K, Keskin ED. Reliability and Validity of Turkish Version of The Brief-BESTest in Stroke Patients. Top Stroke Rehabil 2020; 28:488-497. [PMID: 33148123 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2020.1841424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brief-BESTest is the short version of the BESTest used to evaluate balance and fall risk in a multiple disease populations. The clinicians need practical, short application scales to evaluate the risk of falling, balance and rehabilitation results. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Brief-BESTest (Brief-BESTest-T) in stroke patients. METHODS This study included a total of 40 subacute and chronic stroke patients (mean age of 60.28 ± 9.96 years). The Brief-BESTest, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and 10 m walking test were applied to the patients. RESULTS A strong correlation was observed between the1st and 2nd evaluation Brief-BESTest-T total scores (r = 0.933). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was excellent. According to the correlation analysis performed to test the inter-rater reliability, a very high correlation (r = 0.906) was observed between the Brief-BESTest-T total scores. A high correlation was found between the Brief-BESTest-T and BBS and TUG, while a moderate correlation was found between the FRT, FES, and 10 m walking test. The clinical cut-off point for the Brief-BESTest - T was determined to be 9 points with an AUC of 0.872. There were no floor and ceiling effects found. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the Brief-BESTest-T had excellent internal consistency, intra-rater, and inter-rater reliability. Its concurrent, discriminant, and known-groups validity were also good and had no substantial floor and ceiling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniye Aydoğan Arslan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Cevher Savcun Demirci
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye İpek Katirci Kirmaci
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Kübra Uğurlu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Esra Dilek Keskin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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25
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Effects of different types of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on dynamic balance control. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Amiri P, Kearney RE. Patterns of muscle activation and modulation of ankle intrinsic stiffness in different postural operating conditions. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:743-754. [PMID: 31913747 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00558.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic stiffness describes the dynamic relationship between imposed angular perturbations to a joint and the resulting torque response, due to intrinsic mechanical properties of muscles and joint, and inertia of the limbs. Recently, we showed that ankle intrinsic stiffness changes substantially with sway in normal standing. In the present study, we documented how ankle intrinsic stiffness changes with postural operating conditions. Subjects stood on an apparatus while subjected to ankle position perturbations in five conditions: normal standing, toe-up and toe-down standing, and backward and forward lean. In each condition, ankle intrinsic stiffness was estimated while its modulation with sway was accounted for. The results demonstrated that ankle intrinsic stiffness varies widely, from 0.08 to 0.75 of critical stiffness, across postural operating conditions; however, it is always smaller than the critical stiffness. Therefore, other contributions are necessary to ensure stable standing. The mean intrinsic stiffness was highest in forward lean and lowest in backward lean. Moreover, within each operating condition, the intrinsic stiffness changed with center-of-pressure position in one of three ways, each associated with a distinct muscle activation pattern; these include 1) monotonically increasing stiffness-center of pressure relation, associated with a progressive increase in triceps surae activation, 2) decreasing-increasing stiffness-center of pressure relation, associated with initial activation of tibialis anterior and later activation of triceps surae, and 3) monotonically decreasing stiffness-center of pressure relation, associated with decreasing activation of tibialis anterior. Thus intrinsic stiffness varies greatly within and across postural operating conditions, and a correct understanding of postural control requires accounting for such variations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ankle intrinsic stiffness changes with sway in normal standing. We quantified such changes in different postural operating conditions and demonstrated that the intrinsic stiffness changes in a manner associated with different activation patterns of ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors, emerging in different operating conditions. Large modulations of the intrinsic stiffness within and across postural operating conditions show that the stiffness importance and contribution change and must be accounted for in the study of postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Amiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert E Kearney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Bakshi A, DiZio P, Lackner JR. Adaptation to Coriolis force perturbations of postural sway requires an asymmetric two-leg model. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:2042-2060. [PMID: 30943111 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00607.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the companion paper (Bakshi A, DiZio P, Lackner JR. J Neurophysiol. In press, 2019), we reported how voluntary forward-backward sway in a rotating room generated medial-lateral Coriolis forces that initially deviated intended body sway paths. Pure fore-aft sway was gradually restored over per-rotation trials, and a negative aftereffect occurred during postrotation sway. Force plate recordings showed that subjects learned to compensate for the Coriolis forces by executing a bimodal torque, the distribution of which was asymmetric across the two legs and of opposite sign for forward vs. backward sway. To explain these results, we have developed an asymmetric, nonparallel-leg, inverted pendulum model to characterize upright balance control in two dimensions. Fore-aft and medial-lateral sway amplitudes can be biomechanically coupled or independent. Biomechanical coupling occurs when Coriolis forces orthogonal to the direction of movement perturb sway about the ankles. The model includes a mechanism for alternating engagement/disengagement of each leg and for asymmetric drive to the ankles to achieve adaptation to Coriolis force-induced two-dimensional sway. The model predicts the adaptive control underlying the adaptation of voluntary postural sway to Coriolis forces. A stability analysis of the model generates parameter values that match those measured experimentally, and the parameterized model simulations reproduce the experimentally observed sway trajectories. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper presents a novel nonparallel leg model of postural control that correctly predicts the perturbations of voluntary sway that occur in a rotating environment and the adaptive changes that occur to restore faithful movement trajectories. This engaged leg model (ELM) predicts the asymmetries in force distribution and their patterns between the two legs to restore accurate movement trajectories. ELM has clinical relevance for pathologies that generate postural asymmetries and for altered gravitoinertial force conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Bakshi
- Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Paul DiZio
- Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - James R Lackner
- Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts
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28
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Kaminishi K, Jiang P, Chiba R, Takakusaki K, Ota J. Postural control of a musculoskeletal model against multidirectional support surface translations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212613. [PMID: 30840650 PMCID: PMC6402659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is a complex system driven by hundreds of muscles, and its control mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. To understand the mechanisms of human postural control, neural controller models have been proposed by different research groups, including our feed-forward and feedback control model. However, these models have been evaluated under forward and backward perturbations, at most. Because a human body experiences perturbations from many different directions in daily life, neural controller models should be evaluated in response to multidirectional perturbations, including in the forward/backward, lateral, and diagonal directions. The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of an NC model with FF and FB control under multidirectional perturbations. We developed a musculoskeletal model with 70 muscles and 15 degrees of freedom of joints, positioned it in a standing posture by using the neural controller model, and translated its support surface in multiple directions as perturbations. We successfully determined the parameters of the neural controller model required to maintain the stance of the musculoskeletal model for each perturbation direction. The trends in muscle response magnitudes and the magnitude of passive ankle stiffness were consistent with the results of experimental studies. We conclude that the neural controller model can adapt to multidirectional perturbations by generating suitable muscle activations. We anticipate that the neural controller model could be applied to the study of the control mechanisms of patients with torso tilt and diagnosis of the change in control mechanisms from patients' behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kaminishi
- Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ping Jiang
- Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering (RACE), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Chiba
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takakusaki
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Jun Ota
- Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering (RACE), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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Lee Y, Shin S. Effects of the Shape of the Base of Support and Dual Task Execution on Postural Control. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2019.21.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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30
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Shabani M, Stavness I. Simulating the effect of muscle stiffness and co-contraction on postural stability. COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: IMAGING & VISUALIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21681163.2017.1332530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shabani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ian Stavness
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Dufvenberg M, Adeyemi F, Rajendran I, Öberg B, Abbott A. Does postural stability differ between adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and typically developed? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. SCOLIOSIS AND SPINAL DISORDERS 2018; 13:19. [PMID: 30186976 PMCID: PMC6120087 DOI: 10.1186/s13013-018-0163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural stability deficits have been proposed to influence the onset and progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This study aimed to systematically identify, critically evaluate and meta-analyse studies assessing postural stability during unperturbed stance with posturography in AIS compared to typically developed adolescents. METHODS Studies from four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDro) were searched and case-control methodological quality assessed using a risk-of-bias assessment tool and a posturography methodological quality checklist. Pooled data regarding centre of pressure (COP) parameters such as sway area, Mediolateral (ML) and Anteroposterior (AP) position and range were compared for AIS and typically developed adolescents using Cohen's d effect size (ES) and homogeneity estimates. RESULTS Eighteen studies for quality analysis and 9 of these for meta-analysis were identified from 971 records. Risk-of-bias assessment identified 6 high, 10 moderate and 2 low risk-of-bias studies. The posturography methodological quality checklist identified 4 low, 7 moderate and 7 high-quality studies. Meta-analysis was performed for sway area whereas ML and AP are presented in three different meta-analyses due to divergent measurement units used in the studies: ML position 1 (MLP1), ML position 2 (MLP2) and ML range (MLR); AP position 1 (APP1), AP position 2 (APP2) and AP range (APR). Cohen's d showed a medium ES difference in sway area 0.65, 95% CI (0.49-0.63), whereas ML showed no (MLP1, MLP2) and large (MLR) ES differences; MLP1 0.15, 95% CI (0.08-0.22); MLP2 0.14, 95% CI (0.08-0.19); and MLR 0.94, 95% CI (0.83-1.04). Cohen's d for AP showed small ES (APP1) and large ES difference (APP2 and APR); APP1 0.43, 95% CI (0.31-0.54); APP2 0.85, 95% CI (0.72-0.97); and APR 0.98, 95% CI (0.87-1.09). Cochran's Q and Higgins I2 showed homogeneity between studies. CONCLUSIONS There is moderate quality evidence for decreased postural stability in AIS measured as COP parameters sway area, ML and AP range with a positional shift posteriorly in the sagittal plane. The findings support studying postural stability in early stage AIS and also prospectively identify cause and effect of the curvature as well as effectiveness of postural control interventions in the prevention of scoliosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Dufvenberg
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Fisayo Adeyemi
- Department of Clinical and Rehabilitation Services, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - Isabelle Rajendran
- Department of Clinical and Rehabilitation Services, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - Birgitta Öberg
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Allan Abbott
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Rehabilitation Services, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD 4226 Australia
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Tse CM, Chisholm AE, Lam T, Eng JJ. A systematic review of the effectiveness of task-specific rehabilitation interventions for improving independent sitting and standing function in spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2018; 41:254-266. [PMID: 28738740 PMCID: PMC6055957 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1350340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Impaired balance function after a spinal cord injury (SCI) hinders performance of daily activities. OBJECTIVE To assess the evidence on the effectiveness of task-specific training on sitting and standing function in individuals with SCI across the continuum of care. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on literature published to June 2016 using people (acute or chronic SCI), task-specific interventions compared to conventional physical therapy, and outcome (sitting or standing balance function). The PEDro scale was used to investigate the susceptibility to bias and trial quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A standardized mean difference (SMD) was conducted to investigate the effect size for interventions with sitting or standing balance outcomes. RESULTS Nineteen articles were identified; three RCTs, two prospective controlled trials, one cross-over study, nine pre-post studies and four prospective cohort studies. RCT and cross-over studies were rated from 6 to 8 indicating good quality on the PEDro scale. The SMD of task-specific interventions in sitting compared to active and inactive (no training) control groups was -0.09 (95% CI: -0.663 to 0.488) and 0.39 (95% CI: -0.165 to 0.937) respectively, indicating that the addition of task-specific exercises did not affect sit and reach test performance significantly. Similarly, the addition of BWS training did not significantly affect BBS compared to conventional physical therapy -0.36 (95% CI: -0.840 to 0.113). Task-specific interventions reported in uncontrolled trials revealed positive effects on sitting and standing balance function. CONCLUSION Few RCT studies provided balance outcomes, and those that were evaluated indicate negligible effect sizes. Given the importance of balance control underpinning all aspects of daily activities, there is a need for further research to evaluate specific features of training interventions to improve both sitting and standing balance function in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M. Tse
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries, Vancouver Costal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanda E. Chisholm
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries, Vancouver Costal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tania Lam
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries, Vancouver Costal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Correspondence to: Tania Lam, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210–6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1.
| | - Janice J. Eng
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries, Vancouver Costal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,GF Strong Rehabilitation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Boström KJ, Dirksen T, Zentgraf K, Wagner H. The Contribution of Upper Body Movements to Dynamic Balance Regulation during Challenged Locomotion. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:8. [PMID: 29434544 PMCID: PMC5790866 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that in addition to movements between ankle and hip joints, movements of the upper body, in particular of the arms, also significantly contribute to postural control. In line with these suggestions, we analyzed regulatory movements of upper and lower body joints supporting dynamic balance regulation during challenged locomotion. The participants walked over three beams of varying width and under three different verbally conveyed restrictions of arm posture, to control the potential influence of arm movements on the performance: The participants walked (1) with their arms stretched out perpendicularly in the frontal plane, (2) spontaneously, i.e., without restrictions to the arm movements, and (3) with their hands on their thighs. After applying an inverse-dynamics analysis to the measured joint kinematics, we investigated the contribution of upper and lower body joints to balance regulation in terms of torque amplitude and variation. On the condition with the hands on the thighs, the contribution of the upper body remains significantly lower than the contribution of the lower body irrespective of beam widths. For spontaneous arm movements and for outstretched arms we find that the upper body (including the arms) contributes to the balancing to a similar extent as the lower body. Moreover, when the task becomes more difficult, i.e., for narrower beam widths, the contribution of the upper body increases, while the contribution of the lower body remains nearly constant. These findings lend further support to the hypothetical existence of an "upper body strategy" complementing the ankle and hip strategies especially during challenging dynamic balance tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim J. Boström
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Dirksen
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Department of Movement Science and Training in Sports, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiko Wagner
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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34
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An Overview of the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Postural Control. BIOSYSTEMS & BIOROBOTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72736-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Klavina A, Zusa-Rodke A, Galeja Z. The assessment of static balance in children with hearing, visual and intellectual disabilities. ACTA GYMNICA 2017. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2017.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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36
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Shirota C, van Asseldonk E, Matjačić Z, Vallery H, Barralon P, Maggioni S, Buurke JH, Veneman JF. Robot-supported assessment of balance in standing and walking. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2017; 14:80. [PMID: 28806995 PMCID: PMC5556664 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-017-0273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically useful and efficient assessment of balance during standing and walking is especially challenging in patients with neurological disorders. However, rehabilitation robots could facilitate assessment procedures and improve their clinical value. We present a short overview of balance assessment in clinical practice and in posturography. Based on this overview, we evaluate the potential use of robotic tools for such assessment. The novelty and assumed main benefits of using robots for assessment are their ability to assess 'severely affected' patients by providing assistance-as-needed, as well as to provide consistent perturbations during standing and walking while measuring the patient's reactions. We provide a classification of robotic devices on three aspects relevant to their potential application for balance assessment: 1) how the device interacts with the body, 2) in what sense the device is mobile, and 3) on what surface the person stands or walks when using the device. As examples, nine types of robotic devices are described, classified and evaluated for their suitability for balance assessment. Two example cases of robotic assessments based on perturbations during walking are presented. We conclude that robotic devices are promising and can become useful and relevant tools for assessment of balance in patients with neurological disorders, both in research and in clinical use. Robotic assessment holds the promise to provide increasingly detailed assessment that allows to individually tailor rehabilitation training, which may eventually improve training effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Shirota
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edwin van Asseldonk
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zlatko Matjačić
- University Rehabilitation Institute, Republic of Slovenia, Linhartova 51, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Heike Vallery
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Barralon
- Health Division, Tecnalia Research and Innovation, Paseo Mikeletegi 1, 20009, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Serena Maggioni
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.,Hocoma AG, Industriestrasse 4a, 8604, Volketswil, Switzerland
| | - Jaap H Buurke
- Roessingh Research and Development, Roessinghsbleekweg 33b, 7522 AH, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F Veneman
- Health Division, Tecnalia Research and Innovation, Paseo Mikeletegi 1, 20009, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
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37
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Barbieri FA, Rodrigues ST, Polastri PF, Barbieri RA, de Paula PHA, Milioni F, Redkva PE, Zagatto AM. High intensity repeated sprints impair postural control, but with no effects on free throwing accuracy, in under-19 basketball players. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 54:191-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Hunt AJ, Odle BM, Lombardo LM, Audu ML, Triolo RJ. Reactive stepping with functional neuromuscular stimulation in response to forward-directed perturbations. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2017; 14:54. [PMID: 28601095 PMCID: PMC5466798 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-017-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Implanted motor system neuroprostheses can be effective at increasing personal mobility of persons paralyzed by spinal cord injuries. However, currently available neural stimulation systems for standing employ patterns of constant activation and are unreactive to changing postural demands. Methods In this work, we developed a closed-loop controller for detecting forward-directed body disturbances and initiating a stabilizing step in a person with spinal cord injury. Forward-directed pulls at the waist were detected with three body-mounted triaxial accelerometers. A finite state machine was designed and tested to trigger a postural response and apply stimulation to appropriate muscles so as to produce a protective step when the simplified jerk signal exceeded predetermined thresholds. Results The controller effectively initiated steps for all perturbations with magnitude between 10 and 17.5 s body weight, and initiated a postural response with occasional steps at 5% body weight. For perturbations at 15 and 17.5% body weight, the dynamic responses of the subject exhibited very similar component time periods when compared with able-bodied subjects undergoing similar postural perturbations. Additionally, the reactive step occurred faster for stronger perturbations than for weaker ones (p < .005, unequal varience t-test.) Conclusions This research marks progress towards a controller which can improve the safety and independence of persons with spinal cord injury using implanted neuroprostheses for standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Hunt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, 1930 SW 4th Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Brooke M Odle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lisa M Lombardo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Musa L Audu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ronald J Triolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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39
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de Souza EC, Svoboda Z, Bizovská L, Lehnert M. Relation between knee extensors' strength, postural stability and variability of centre of pressure displacement during gait in adult women. ACTA GYMNICA 2017. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2017.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Qiu A, Yang Z, Li Z. Recent perspectives of cerebral palsy in children. Minerva Pediatr 2017; 71:297-303. [PMID: 28353322 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.17.04880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The movement and posture disorder of cerebral palsy (CP) is presumed to mainly be a consequence of the motor disorder, but accompanying disturbances with sensations and perception have also been suggested to influence motor function. The heterogeneous condition of CP is caused by an injury to the immature brain affecting movement and posture development. The attainment of standing and walking can be difficult and an assistive device to accomplish the tasks may be required for some children with CP. In this review, we enlightened the role of possible sensory and perceptual disturbances for standing difficulties in children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiu Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China -
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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41
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Forghani A, Preuss R, Milner T. Postural response characterization of standing humans to multi-directional, predictable and unpredictable perturbations to the arm. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 32:83-92. [PMID: 28061380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When the arm of a standing human is perturbed in an unpredictable direction, postural muscles are activated at latencies as short as 50-110ms. While the motion of the body clearly progresses in hand-to-leg sequence, there is no systematic muscle activation sequence from the arm to the leg muscles, suggesting that the activation of the muscles is not likely the result of local stretch reflexes. In fact, the lower limb muscles are activated before the upright posture is significantly disturbed. The short-latency activation amplitude and the activation probability are clearly tuned to the direction of the arm perturbation for both rostral and caudal muscles. The effect of central set on the short-latency response has been investigated by manipulating the predictability of the perturbations. Possible underlying neural mechanisms have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Forghani
- Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
| | - Richard Preuss
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Theodore Milner
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Zelenin PV, Lyalka VF, Orlovsky GN, Deliagina TG. Effect of acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord on spinal neurons of postural networks. Neuroscience 2016; 339:235-253. [PMID: 27702647 PMCID: PMC5118056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In quadrupeds, acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord (LHS) severely impairs postural functions, which recover over time. Postural limb reflexes (PLRs) represent a substantial component of postural corrections in intact animals. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of acute LHS on two populations of spinal neurons (F and E) mediating PLRs. For this purpose, in decerebrate rabbits, responses of individual neurons from L5 to stimulation causing PLRs were recorded before and during reversible LHS (caused by temporal cold block of signal transmission in lateral spinal pathways at L1), as well as after acute surgical LHS at L1. Results obtained after Sur-LHS were compared to control data obtained in our previous study. We found that acute LHS caused disappearance of PLRs on the affected side. It also changed a proportion of different types of neurons on that side. A significant decrease and increase in the proportion of F- and non-modulated neurons, respectively, was found. LHS caused a significant decrease in most parameters of activity in F-neurons located in the ventral horn on the lesioned side and in E-neurons of the dorsal horn on both sides. These changes were caused by a significant decrease in the efficacy of posture-related sensory input from the ipsilateral limb to F-neurons, and from the contralateral limb to both F- and E-neurons. These distortions in operation of postural networks underlie the impairment of postural control after acute LHS, and represent a starting point for the subsequent recovery of postural functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Zelenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V F Lyalka
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G N Orlovsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T G Deliagina
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Versteeg CS, Ting LH, Allen JL. Hip and ankle responses for reactive balance emerge from varying priorities to reduce effort and kinematic excursion: A simulation study. J Biomech 2016; 49:3230-3237. [PMID: 27543251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although standing balance is important in many daily activities, there has been little effort in developing detailed musculoskeletal models and simulations of balance control compared to other whole-body motor activities. Our objective was to develop a musculoskeletal model of human balance that can be used to predict movement patterns in reactive balance control. Similar to prior studies using torque-driven models, we investigated how movement patterns during a reactive balance response are affected by high-level task goals (e.g., reducing center-of-mass movement, maintaining vertical trunk orientation, and minimizing effort). We generated 23 forward dynamics simulations where optimal muscle excitations were found using cost functions with different weights on minimizing these high-level goals. Variations in hip and ankle angles observed experimentally (peak hip flexion=7.9-53.1°, peak dorsiflexion=0.5-4.7°) could be predicted by varying the priority of these high-level goals. More specifically, minimizing center-of-mass motion produced a hip strategy (peak hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion angles of 45.5° and 2.3°, respectively) and the response shifted towards an ankle strategy as the priority to keep the trunk vertical was increased (peak hip and ankle angles of 13.7° and 8.5°, respectively). We also found that increasing the priority to minimize muscle stress always favors a hip strategy. These results are similar to those from sagittal-plane torque-driven models. Our muscle-actuated model facilitates the investigation of neuromechanical interactions governing reactive balance control to predict muscle activity and movement patterns based on interactions between neuromechanical elements such as spinal reflexes, muscle short-range stiffness, and task-level sensorimotor feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Versteeg
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lena H Ting
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica L Allen
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Zelenin PV, Lyalka VF, Hsu LJ, Orlovsky GN, Deliagina TG. Effects of acute spinalization on neurons of postural networks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27372. [PMID: 27302149 PMCID: PMC4908393 DOI: 10.1038/srep27372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural limb reflexes (PLRs) represent a substantial component of postural corrections. Spinalization results in loss of postural functions, including disappearance of PLRs. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of acute spinalization on two populations of spinal neurons (F and E) mediating PLRs, which we characterized previously. For this purpose, in decerebrate rabbits spinalized at T12, responses of interneurons from L5 to stimulation causing PLRs before spinalization, were recorded. The results were compared to control data obtained in our previous study. We found that spinalization affected the distribution of F- and E-neurons across the spinal grey matter, caused a significant decrease in their activity, as well as disturbances in processing of posture-related sensory inputs. A two-fold decrease in the proportion of F-neurons in the intermediate grey matter was observed. Location of populations of F- and E-neurons exhibiting significant decrease in their activity was determined. A dramatic decrease of the efficacy of sensory input from the ipsilateral limb to F-neurons, and from the contralateral limb to E-neurons was found. These changes in operation of postural networks underlie the loss of postural control after spinalization, and represent a starting point for the development of spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Zelenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir F. Lyalka
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Li-Ju Hsu
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grigori N. Orlovsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chiba R, Takakusaki K, Ota J, Yozu A, Haga N. Human upright posture control models based on multisensory inputs; in fast and slow dynamics. Neurosci Res 2015; 104:96-104. [PMID: 26746115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Posture control to maintain an upright stance is one of the most important and basic requirements in the daily life of humans. The sensory inputs involved in posture control include visual and vestibular inputs, as well as proprioceptive and tactile somatosensory inputs. These multisensory inputs are integrated to represent the body state (body schema); this is then utilized in the brain to generate the motion. Changes in the multisensory inputs result in postural alterations (fast dynamics), as well as long-term alterations in multisensory integration and posture control itself (slow dynamics). In this review, we discuss the fast and slow dynamics, with a focus on multisensory integration including an introduction of our study to investigate "internal force control" with multisensory integration-evoked posture alteration. We found that the study of the slow dynamics is lagging compared to that of fast dynamics, such that our understanding of long-term alterations is insufficient to reveal the underlying mechanisms and to propose suitable models. Additional studies investigating slow dynamics are required to expand our knowledge of this area, which would support the physical training and rehabilitation of elderly and impaired persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Chiba
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Takakusaki
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Jun Ota
- Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering (RACE), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arito Yozu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Haga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Differences in leg muscle activity and body sway between elderly adults able and unable to maintain one-leg stance for 1 min: the effect of hand support. Aging Clin Exp Res 2015; 28:669-77. [PMID: 26497668 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-leg stance (OLS) training is often used to prevent falls in the elderly. The burden imposed on the supporting lower limb during OLS may differ depending on whether hand support is used, particularly in patients with decreased lower-limb strength. AIMS Here we examined the effect of hand support on leg muscle activity and body sway during OLS in elderly subjects able to maintain OLS for 1 min unaided [able group (AG), n = 13] and those who were unable to do so [unable group (UG), n = 11]. METHODS All subjects performed OLS unaided and OLS with front support (OLS-FS) using one hand for 1 min each. We estimated leg muscle activity [mean and maximum % root mean square (%RMS)] and body sway (total, X-axis, and Y-axis path lengths) for both tests. %RMS was calculated according to the results of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction test. RESULT The overall average mean and maximum %RMS for the tibialis anterior muscle was larger in UG than in AG. In AG, tibialis anterior muscle mean and maximum %RMS and body sway was larger during OLS than during OLS-FS. Total and X-axis path lengths were larger during the first 20 s OLS phase in AG and the first 20 s OLS-FS phase in UG. CONCLUSION These results highlight the need to differentiate between patients able and unable to perform OLS unaided for training because of differences in leg muscle activity.
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Abstract
Background: A good body balance requires a proper function of vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems which can be reach with exercise practice and/or yoga. Aim: To determine the effects of a 5-month hatha yoga training program on body balance in young adults. Materials and Methods: This study used a controlled, nonrandomized design, where the experimental group underwent a 5-month training program and were then compared with the control group that had a sedentary lifestyle. A convenience sample of 34 out of 40 men aged 25-55 years old (34.0 ± 0.9) were deemed eligible for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: Experimental and control groups. Subjects in the experimental group were engaged in 60 min sessions of hatha yoga three times a week for 5 months. We evaluated postural control by measuring the limit of stability and velocity of oscillation (VOS) in three conditions of the balance rehabilitation unit (BRU) and through field procedures (four position, plane, flamingo, hopscotch, and dynamic test). Results: We observed differences (P < 0.05) in postintervention scores between the groups regardless of BRU parameters and field procedures (except for flamingo) even after adjusting for preintervention scores, suggesting that these changes were induced by hatha yoga training. The partial eta squared on BRU parameters ranged from 0.78 (VOS1)-0.97 (COP2), and from 0.00 (flamingo)-0.94 (four position) for the field procedures. Conclusions: Our results provide substantial evidence that postural control in healthy young adults can be improved through practicing hatha yoga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Tadeu Prado
- Department of Health Sciences, Anhanguera University, Master Program of Body Balance Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vagner Raso
- Department of Health Sciences, Anhanguera University, Master Program of Body Balance Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion, Sao Paulo, Brazil ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western Sao Paulo University, Medical School, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Renata Coelho Scharlach
- Department of Health Sciences, Anhanguera University, Master Program of Body Balance Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Akemi Kasse
- Department of Health Sciences, Anhanguera University, Master Program of Body Balance Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Impact of forearm fatigue on the postural response to an externally initiated, predictable perturbation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1473-81. [PMID: 24715025 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to examine the impact of non-postural muscle fatigue on anticipatory postural control, during postural perturbations induced by platform translations. The experimental setup investigated the central changes caused by fatigue without the potential confounding influence of peripheral fatigue within the postural muscles. METHODS Fatigue induced in forearm muscles by a maximal handgrip contraction has been previously shown to influence forearm force production for 10 min, reduce ankle plantarflexion force for 1 min and create measureable central fatigue for 30 s. The peak-to-peak anterior/posterior displacement of the center of mass and center of pressure (COP) and muscle activity were measured during the postural perturbation tasks performed before the fatigue protocol and for 10 min post-fatigue. RESULTS The fatigue protocol decreased the peak-to-peak COP displacement from 128.0 ± 12.3 mm pre-fatigue to 81.9 ± 7.8 mm post-fatigue during the forwards platform translation (p < 0.05) and from 133.8 ± 12.0 to 89.2 ± 7.9 mm during the backwards translation (p < 0.05). The fatigue protocol also caused the tibialis anterior (TA pre-fatigue = -0.25 ± 0.04 s, TA post-fatigue = -0.41 ± 0.02 s, p = 0.001) and medial gastrocnemius muscles (MG pre-fatigue = -0.39 ± 0.03 s, MG post-fatigue = -0.48 ± 0.02 s, p = 0.028) to be recruited significantly earlier relative to the pre-fatigue condition. CONCLUSION This experimental setup ensured that peripheral fatigue did not develop in the postural muscles; therefore, a general fatigued-induced modification of the postural strategy is proposed as the origin of the postural changes and delayed recovery.
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Han JT, Lee MH, Lee KH. Effects of Local Muscle Vibration on the Displacement of Center of Pressure during Quiet Standing. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 25:1643-5. [PMID: 24409039 PMCID: PMC3885858 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local vibration
stimuli on body balance (trace area, trace length, and velocity) in healthy adults during
double-leg standing. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-nine subjects (10 male, 29 female)
participated in this study. They were asked to keep their balance while holding four
positions: standing with their eyes open, with and without vibration stimuli, and standing
with their eyes closed, with and without vibration stimuli. The vibration stimuli, which
had a duration of 30 sec, and a frequency of 60–80 Hz, were applied to the tibialis
anterior and gastrocnemius muscle belly during double-leg standing. Balance measurement
was performed using the Balance Trainer 4 (HUR Labs Oy, Tampere, Finland). All subjects
provided informed consent prior to participation in this study. [Results] In the open-eyes
position, there were no significant differences in trace area, trace length, and velocity
of the center of pressure (COP) either with or without vibration stimuli. However, in the
closed-eyes position, the vibration stimuli significantly decreased trace area, trace
length, and velocity of the COP compared with when no vibration stimuli were applied.
[Conclusion] These results suggest that vibration stimuli applied to the lower leg improve
balance when a person’s eyes are closed during double-leg quiet standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tae Han
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Science, Kyungsung University, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Science, Kyungsung University, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hee Lee
- Lee Keun Hee's Pediatric Development Research Institute, Republic of Korea
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King LA, Horak FB, Mancini M, Pierce D, Priest KC, Chesnutt J, Sullivan P, Chapman JC. Instrumenting the balance error scoring system for use with patients reporting persistent balance problems after mild traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 95:353-9. [PMID: 24200875 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether alterations to the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), such as modified conditions and/or instrumentation, would improve the ability to correctly classify traumatic brain injury (TBI) status in patients with mild TBI with persistent self-reported balance complaints. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS Subjects (n=13; age, 16.3±2y) with a recent history of concussion (mild TBI group) and demographically matched control subjects (n=13; age, 16.7±2y; control group). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures included the BESS, modified BESS, instrumented BESS, and instrumented modified BESS. All subjects were tested on the noninstrumented BESS and modified BESS and were scored by visual observation of instability in 6 and 3 stance conditions, respectively. Instrumentation of these 2 tests used 1 inertial sensor with an accelerometer and gyroscope to quantify bidirectional body sway. RESULTS Scores from the BESS and the modified BESS tests were similar between groups. However, results from the instrumented measures using the inertial sensor were significantly different between groups. The instrumented modified BESS had superior diagnostic classification and the largest area under the curve when compared with the other balance measures. CONCLUSIONS A concussion may disrupt the sensory processing required for optimal postural control, which was measured by sway during quiet stance. These results suggest that the use of portable inertial sensors may be useful in the move toward more objective and sensitive measures of balance control postconcussion, but more work is needed to increase sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A King
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
| | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Martina Mancini
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Donald Pierce
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Kelsey C Priest
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - James Chesnutt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Julie C Chapman
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Washington, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
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