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Becerra-Fajardo L, Minguillon J, Krob MO, Rodrigues C, González-Sánchez M, Megía-García Á, Galán CR, Henares FG, Comerma A, Del-Ama AJ, Gil-Agudo A, Grandas F, Schneider-Ickert A, Barroso FO, Ivorra A. First-in-human demonstration of floating EMG sensors and stimulators wirelessly powered and operated by volume conduction. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:4. [PMID: 38172975 PMCID: PMC10765656 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently we reported the design and evaluation of floating semi-implantable devices that receive power from and bidirectionally communicate with an external system using coupling by volume conduction. The approach, of which the semi-implantable devices are proof-of-concept prototypes, may overcome some limitations presented by existing neuroprostheses, especially those related to implant size and deployment, as the implants avoid bulky components and can be developed as threadlike devices. Here, it is reported the first-in-human acute demonstration of these devices for electromyography (EMG) sensing and electrical stimulation. METHODS A proof-of-concept device, consisting of implantable thin-film electrodes and a nonimplantable miniature electronic circuit connected to them, was deployed in the upper or lower limb of six healthy participants. Two external electrodes were strapped around the limb and were connected to the external system which delivered high frequency current bursts. Within these bursts, 13 commands were modulated to communicate with the implant. RESULTS Four devices were deployed in the biceps brachii and the gastrocnemius medialis muscles, and the external system was able to power and communicate with them. Limitations regarding insertion and communication speed are reported. Sensing and stimulation parameters were configured from the external system. In one participant, electrical stimulation and EMG acquisition assays were performed, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach to power and communicate with the floating device. CONCLUSIONS This is the first-in-human demonstration of EMG sensors and electrical stimulators powered and operated by volume conduction. These proof-of-concept devices can be miniaturized using current microelectronic technologies, enabling fully implantable networked neuroprosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Becerra-Fajardo
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08018, Spain
| | - Jesus Minguillon
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08018, Spain
- Research Centre for Information and Communications Technologies, University of Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Marc Oliver Krob
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Camila Rodrigues
- Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28002, Spain
- Systems Engineering and Automation Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, 28903, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Sánchez
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain
| | - Álvaro Megía-García
- Biomechanics and Assistive Technology Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics. Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Biomechanics and Sensory-Motor Function (HNP-SESCAM), Unit associated to the CSIC, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carolina Redondo Galán
- Biomechanics and Assistive Technology Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics. Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Biomechanics and Sensory-Motor Function (HNP-SESCAM), Unit associated to the CSIC, Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco Gutiérrez Henares
- Biomechanics and Assistive Technology Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics. Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Biomechanics and Sensory-Motor Function (HNP-SESCAM), Unit associated to the CSIC, Toledo, Spain
| | - Albert Comerma
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08018, Spain
| | - Antonio J Del-Ama
- School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Angel Gil-Agudo
- Biomechanics and Assistive Technology Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics. Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Biomechanics and Sensory-Motor Function (HNP-SESCAM), Unit associated to the CSIC, Toledo, Spain
- CSIC's Associated RDI Unit 'Unidad De Neurorehabilitación, Biomecánica Y Función Sensitivo-Motora', Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Grandas
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain
| | | | - Filipe Oliveira Barroso
- Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28002, Spain
- CSIC's Associated RDI Unit 'Unidad De Neurorehabilitación, Biomecánica Y Función Sensitivo-Motora', Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Ivorra
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08018, Spain.
- Serra Húnter Fellow Programme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08018, Spain.
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Mijic M, Schoser B, Young P. Efficacy of functional electrical stimulation in rehabilitating patients with foot drop symptoms after stroke and its correlation with somatosensory evoked potentials-a crossover randomised controlled trial. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1301-1310. [PMID: 36544079 PMCID: PMC10023639 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The connectivity between somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and cortical plasticity remains elusive due to a lack of supporting data. This study investigates changes in pathological latencies and amplitudes of SEPs caused by an acute stroke after 2 weeks of rehabilitation with functional electrical stimulation (FES). Furthermore, changes in SEPs and the efficacy of FES against foot drop (FD) stroke symptoms were correlated using the 10-m walk test and foot-ankle strength. METHODS A randomised controlled two-period crossover design plus a control group (group C) was designed. Group A (n = 16) was directly treated with FES, while group B (n = 16) was treated after 2 weeks. The untreated control group of 20 healthy adults underwent repeated SEP measurements for evaluation only. RESULTS The repeated-measures ANOVA showed a decrease in tibial nerve (TN) P40 and N50 latencies in group A after the intervention, followed by a decline in non-paretic TN SEP in latency N50 (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared to groups B and C from baseline to 4 weeks, group A showed a decrease in paretic TN latency P40 and N50 (p < 0.05). An increase in FD strength and a reduction in step cadence in group B (p < 0.05) and a positive tendency in FD strength (p = 0.12) and step cadence (p = 0.08) in group A were observed after the treatment time. The data showed a moderate (r = 0.50-0.70) correlation between non-paretic TN latency N50 and step cadence in groups A and B after the intervention time. CONCLUSION The FES intervention modified the pathological gait in association with improved SEP afferent feedback. Registered on 25 February 2021 on ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier number: NCT04767360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mijic
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Young
- Clinic for Neurology, Medical Park, Reithof 1, 83075, Bad Feilnbach, Germany
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Wilson BS, Tucci DL, Moses DA, Chang EF, Young NM, Zeng FG, Lesica NA, Bur AM, Kavookjian H, Mussatto C, Penn J, Goodwin S, Kraft S, Wang G, Cohen JM, Ginsburg GS, Dawson G, Francis HW. Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Otolaryngology and the Communication Sciences. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2022; 23:319-349. [PMID: 35441936 PMCID: PMC9086071 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of artificial intelligence (AI) is a burgeoning field in otolaryngology and the communication sciences. A virtual symposium on the topic was convened from Duke University on October 26, 2020, and was attended by more than 170 participants worldwide. This review presents summaries of all but one of the talks presented during the symposium; recordings of all the talks, along with the discussions for the talks, are available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktfewrXvEFg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gQ5qX2v3rg . Each of the summaries is about 2500 words in length and each summary includes two figures. This level of detail far exceeds the brief summaries presented in traditional reviews and thus provides a more-informed glimpse into the power and diversity of current AI applications in otolaryngology and the communication sciences and how to harness that power for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake S. Wilson
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Hearing Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA ,grid.410711.20000 0001 1034 1720Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Debara L. Tucci
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.214431.10000 0001 2226 8444National Institute On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - David A. Moses
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA
| | - Edward F. Chang
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA
| | - Nancy M. Young
- grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Division of Otolaryngology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Communication, Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Fan-Gang Zeng
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Nicholas A. Lesica
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, WC1X 8EE UK
| | - Andrés M. Bur
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Hannah Kavookjian
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Caroline Mussatto
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Joseph Penn
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Sara Goodwin
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Shannon Kraft
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Guanghui Wang
- grid.68312.3e0000 0004 1936 9422Department of Computer Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Cohen
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.415014.50000 0004 0575 3669ENT Department, Kaplan Medical Center, 7661041 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961MEDx (Medicine & Engineering at Duke), Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University School of Medicine and the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, NIH Autism Center of Excellence, Durham, NC 27705 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Howard W. Francis
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Page DM, George JA, Wendelken SM, Davis TS, Kluger DT, Hutchinson DT, Clark GA. Discriminability of multiple cutaneous and proprioceptive hand percepts evoked by intraneural stimulation with Utah slanted electrode arrays in human amputees. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:12. [PMID: 33478534 PMCID: PMC7819250 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation of residual afferent nerve fibers can evoke sensations from a missing limb after amputation, and bionic arms endowed with artificial sensory feedback have been shown to confer functional and psychological benefits. Here we explore the extent to which artificial sensations can be discriminated based on location, quality, and intensity. METHODS We implanted Utah Slanted Electrode Arrays (USEAs) in the arm nerves of three transradial amputees and delivered electrical stimulation via different electrodes and frequencies to produce sensations on the missing hand with various locations, qualities, and intensities. Participants performed blind discrimination trials to discriminate among these artificial sensations. RESULTS Participants successfully discriminated cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations ranging in location, quality and intensity. Performance was significantly greater than chance for all discrimination tasks, including discrimination among up to ten different cutaneous location-intensity combinations (15/30 successes, p < 0.0001) and seven different proprioceptive location-intensity combinations (21/40 successes, p < 0.0001). Variations in the site of stimulation within the nerve, via electrode selection, enabled discrimination among up to five locations and qualities (35/35 successes, p < 0.0001). Variations in the stimulation frequency enabled discrimination among four different intensities at the same location (13/20 successes, p < 0.0005). One participant also discriminated among individual stimulation of two different USEA electrodes, simultaneous stimulation on both electrodes, and interleaved stimulation on both electrodes (20/24 successes, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Electrode location, stimulation frequency, and stimulation pattern can be modulated to evoke functionally discriminable sensations with a range of locations, qualities, and intensities. This rich source of artificial sensory feedback may enhance functional performance and embodiment of bionic arms endowed with a sense of touch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob A George
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Suzanne M Wendelken
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, 04102, USA
| | - Tyler S Davis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory A Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Chari A, Budhdeo S, Sparks R, Barone DG, Marcus HJ, Pereira EAC, Tisdall MM. Brain-Machine Interfaces: The Role of the Neurosurgeon. World Neurosurg 2020; 146:140-147. [PMID: 33197630 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurotechnology is set to expand rapidly in the coming years as technological innovations in hardware and software are translated to the clinical setting. Given our unique access to patients with neurologic disorders, expertise with which to guide appropriate treatments, and technical skills to implant brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), neurosurgeons have a key role to play in the progress of this field. We outline the current state and key challenges in this rapidly advancing field, including implant technology, implant recipients, implantation methodology, implant function, and ethical, regulatory, and economic considerations. Our key message is to encourage the neurosurgical community to proactively engage in collaborating with other health care professionals, engineers, scientists, ethicists, and regulators in tackling these issues. By doing so, we will equip ourselves with the skills and expertise to drive the field forward and avoid being mere technicians in an industry driven by those around us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Chari
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sanjay Budhdeo
- Department for Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; OwkinInc, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Sparks
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Damiano G Barone
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hani J Marcus
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erlick A C Pereira
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin M Tisdall
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Stefano M, Cordella F, Guglielmelli E, Zollo L. Intraneural electrical stimulation of median nerve: a simulation study on sensory and motor fascicles. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:127-136. Technology in Medicine. [PMID: 33386043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprostheses can be an innovative solution to improve quality of life of upper limb amputees. In this framework, the recovery of sensory feedback is a property widely requested by amputee subjects. Neural prostheses are based on neural interfaces that allow delivering direct current stimuli to the nerve fibers. The study of the interaction between the nerve and the electrode is fundamental to investigate activation properties in the nerve. Furthermore, the results could provide useful insight into improve the design of the electrodes and to advance and ameliorate tactile sensations, elicited by these interfaces, obtaining tactile feedback more like natural sensations. This work aims at studying, by means of a FEM Neuron computational model, the axon fibers activation by means of neural stimulation provided through the intraneural electrodes DS-file. Three different types of stimulation waveforms (i.e. biphasic charge balanced stimulus with inter-pulse delay, biphasic charge balanced stimulus without inter-pulse delay, biphasic charge unbalanced stimulus with inter-pulse delay), three different nerve fascicles, i.e. two sensory and one motor fascicle, and ten distances from the electrode in the fascicles, are considered. The efficacy of the stimulation expressed as the percentage of activation of the fibers, and the safety, in terms of current intensity and used waveform, are studied in the previously described different conditions and the results are compared. The obtained results show that: i. stimulating a sensory fascicle with implanted active sites can activate a fascicle close to it, but not all the fascicles belonging to the same nerve. In fact, in the nerve considered in this study, a motor fascicle cannot be activated due to the values of the electrical potential which are too low to activate the fibers; ii. the current intensity necessary to activate fibers increases according to the distance from the source of the stimulus; iii. by using a biphasic charge unbalanced stimulus, the threshold to activate the fibers is lower than using the other tested waveforms. It is an important result because the stimulation is efficient and safer since current intensity is lower than the one used for the other two waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stefano
- Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies - CREO Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cordella
- Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies - CREO Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - E Guglielmelli
- Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies - CREO Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - L Zollo
- Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies - CREO Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Neuroprostheses that activate musculature of the lower extremities can enable standing and movement after paralysis. Current systems are functionally limited by rapid muscle fatigue induced by conventional, non-varying stimulus waveforms. Previous work has shown that sum of phase-shifted sinusoids (SOPS) stimulation, which selectively modulates activation of individual motor unit pools (MUPs) to lower the duty cycle of each while maintaining a high net muscle output, improves joint moment maintenance but introduces greater instability over conventional stimulation. In this case study, implementation of SOPS stimulation with a real-time feedback controller successfully decreased joint moment instability and further prolonged joint moment output with increased stimulation efficiency over open-loop approaches in one participant with spinal cord injury. These findings demonstrate the potential for closed-loop SOPS to improve functionality of neuroprosthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Gelenitis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10,900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Max Freeberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10,900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Triolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10,900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Yu X, Su JY, Guo JY, Zhang XH, Li RH, Chai XY, Chen Y, Zhang DG, Wang JG, Sui XH, Durand DM. Spatiotemporal characteristics of neural activity in tibial nerves with carbon nanotube yarn electrodes. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 328:108450. [PMID: 31577919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable interfacing with peripheral nervous system is essential to extract neural signals. Current implantable peripheral nerve electrodes cannot provide long-term reliable interfaces due to their mechanical mismatch with host nerves. Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns possess excellent mechanical flexibility and electrical conductivity. It is of great necessity to investigate the selectivity of implantable CNT yarn electrodes. NEW METHOD Neural interfaces were fabricated with CNT yarn electrodes insulated with Parylene-C. Acute recordings were carried out on tibial nerves of rats, and compound nerve action potentials (CNAPs) were electrically evoked by biphasic current stimulation of four toes. Spatiotemporal characteristics of neural activity and spatial selectivity of the electrodes, denoted by selectivity index (SI), were analyzed in detail. RESULTS Conduction velocities of sensory afferent fibers recorded by CNT yarn electrodes varied between 4.25 m/s and 37.56 m/s. The SI maxima for specific toes were between 0.55 and 0.99 across seven electrodes. SIs for different CNT yarn electrodes are significantly different among varied toes. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Most single CNT yarn electrode with a ∼ 500 μm exposed length can be sensitive to one or two specific toes in rodent animals. While, it is only possible to discriminate two non-adjacent toes by multisite TIME electrodes. CONCLUSION Single CNT yarn electrode exposed ∼ 500 μm showed SI values for different toes comparable to a multisite TIME electrode, and had high spatial selectivity for one or two specific toes. The electrodes with cross section exposed could intend to be more sensitive to one specific toe.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Y Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Y Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - R H Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Y Chai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - D G Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J G Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - X H Sui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - D M Durand
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
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Abstract
The technological ability to capture electrophysiological activity of populations of cortical neurons through chronic implantable devices has led to significant advancements in the field of brain-computer interfaces. Recent progress in the field has been driven by developments in integrated microelectronics, wireless communications, materials science, and computational neuroscience. Here, we review major device development landmarks in the arena of neural interfaces from FDA-approved clinical systems to prototype head-mounted and fully implantable wireless systems for multi-channel neural recording. Additionally, we provide an outlook toward next-generation, highly miniaturized technologies for minimally invasive, vastly parallel neural interfaces for naturalistic, closed-loop neuroprostheses.
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10
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Spüler M, López-Larraz E, Ramos-Murguialday A. On the design of EEG-based movement decoders for completely paralyzed stroke patients. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2018; 15:110. [PMID: 30458838 PMCID: PMC6247630 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-018-0438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain machine interface (BMI) technology has demonstrated its efficacy for rehabilitation of paralyzed chronic stroke patients. The critical component in BMI-training consists of the associative connection (contingency) between the intention and the feedback provided. However, the relationship between the BMI design and its performance in stroke patients is still an open question. Methods In this study we compare different methodologies to design a BMI for rehabilitation and evaluate their effects on movement intention decoding performance. We analyze the data of 37 chronic stroke patients who underwent 4 weeks of BMI intervention with different types of association between their brain activity and the proprioceptive feedback. We simulate the pseudo-online performance that a BMI would have under different conditions, varying: (1) the cortical source of activity (i.e., ipsilesional, contralesional, bihemispheric), (2) the type of spatial filter applied, (3) the EEG frequency band, (4) the type of classifier; and also evaluated the use of residual EMG activity to decode the movement intentions. Results We observed a significant influence of the different BMI designs on the obtained performances. Our results revealed that using bihemispheric beta activity with a common average reference and an adaptive support vector machine led to the best classification results. Furthermore, the decoding results based on brain activity were significantly higher than those based on muscle activity. Conclusions This paper underscores the relevance of the different parameters used to decode movement, using EEG in severely paralyzed stroke patients. We demonstrated significant differences in performance for the different designs, which supports further research that should elucidate if those approaches leading to higher accuracies also induce higher motor recovery in paralyzed stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Spüler
- Department of Computer Engineering, Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduardo López-Larraz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Silcherstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ander Ramos-Murguialday
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Silcherstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,TECNALIA, Health Technologies, Neural Enginering Laboratory, Mikeletegi Pasalekua 1, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain.
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11
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Hunt AJ, Odle BM, Lombardo LM, Audu ML, Triolo RJ. Reactive stepping with functional neuromuscular stimulation in response to forward-directed perturbations. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2017; 14:54. [PMID: 28601095 PMCID: PMC5466798 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-017-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Implanted motor system neuroprostheses can be effective at increasing personal mobility of persons paralyzed by spinal cord injuries. However, currently available neural stimulation systems for standing employ patterns of constant activation and are unreactive to changing postural demands. Methods In this work, we developed a closed-loop controller for detecting forward-directed body disturbances and initiating a stabilizing step in a person with spinal cord injury. Forward-directed pulls at the waist were detected with three body-mounted triaxial accelerometers. A finite state machine was designed and tested to trigger a postural response and apply stimulation to appropriate muscles so as to produce a protective step when the simplified jerk signal exceeded predetermined thresholds. Results The controller effectively initiated steps for all perturbations with magnitude between 10 and 17.5 s body weight, and initiated a postural response with occasional steps at 5% body weight. For perturbations at 15 and 17.5% body weight, the dynamic responses of the subject exhibited very similar component time periods when compared with able-bodied subjects undergoing similar postural perturbations. Additionally, the reactive step occurred faster for stronger perturbations than for weaker ones (p < .005, unequal varience t-test.) Conclusions This research marks progress towards a controller which can improve the safety and independence of persons with spinal cord injury using implanted neuroprostheses for standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Hunt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, 1930 SW 4th Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Brooke M Odle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lisa M Lombardo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Musa L Audu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ronald J Triolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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12
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George E, Elman I, Becerra L, Berg S, Borsook D. Pain in an era of armed conflicts: Prevention and treatment for warfighters and civilian casualties. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 141:25-44. [PMID: 27084355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common squealae of military- and terror-related injuries. While its pathophysiology has not yet been fully elucidated, it may be potentially related to premorbid neuropsychobiological status, as well as to the type of injury and to the neural alterations that it may evoke. Accordingly, optimized approaches for wounded individuals should integrate primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in the form of thorough evaluation of risk factors along with specific interventions to contravene and mitigate the ensuing chronicity. Thus, Premorbid Events phase may encompass assessments of psychological and neurobiological vulnerability factors in conjunction with fostering preparedness and resilience in both military and civilian populations at risk. Injuries per se phase calls for immediate treatment of acute pain in the field by pharmacological agents that spare and even enhance coping and adaptive capabilities. The key objective of the Post Injury Events is to prevent and/or reverse maladaptive peripheral- and central neural system's processes that mediate transformation of acute to chronic pain and to incorporate timely interventions for concomitant mental health problems including post-traumatic stress disorder and addiction We suggest that the proposed continuum of care may avert more disability and suffering than the currently employed less integrated strategies. While the requirements of the armed forces present a pressing need for this integrated continuum and a framework in which it can be most readily implemented, this approach may be also instrumental for the care of civilian casualties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E George
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School (HMS), United States; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, MGH, HMS, Boston, MA, United States; Commander, MC, USN (Ret), United States
| | - I Elman
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School (HMS), United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Center, United States; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - L Becerra
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School (HMS), United States; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, BCH, HMS, Boston, MA, United States; Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, MGH, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sheri Berg
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School (HMS), United States; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, MGH, HMS, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School (HMS), United States; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, BCH, HMS, Boston, MA, United States; Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, MGH, Boston, MA, United States.
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Abstract
Retinal prostheses aim at restoring visual perception in blind patients affected by retinal diseases leading to the loss of photoreceptors, such as age-related macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach for restoring useful vision. Despite a limited number of electrodes (60), and therefore of pixels, some patients were able to read words and to recognize high-contrast objects. Face recognition and independent locomotion in unknown urban environments imply technological breakthroughs to increase the number and density of electrodes. This review presents recent clinical results and discusses future solutions to answer the major technological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Picaud
- Inserm, U968, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Inserm, U968, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 75012 Paris, France; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom; Académie des sciences, Institut de France, 23, quai de Conti, 75006 Paris, France
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