1
|
Booth E, Garre M, Wu D, Daly HC, O’Shea DF. A NIR-Fluorochrome for Live Cell Dual Emission and Lifetime Tracking from the First Plasma Membrane Interaction to Subcellular and Extracellular Locales. Molecules 2024; 29:2474. [PMID: 38893352 PMCID: PMC11174088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular probes with the ability to differentiate between subcellular variations in acidity levels remain important for the investigation of dynamic cellular processes and functions. In this context, a series of cyclic peptide and PEG bio-conjugated dual near-infrared emissive BF2-azadipyrromethene fluorophores with maxima emissions at 720 nm (at pH > 6) and 790 nm (at pH < 5) have been developed and their aqueous solution photophysical properties determined. Their inter-converting emissions and fluorescence lifetime characteristics were exploited to track their spatial and temporal progression from first contact with the plasma membrane to subcellular locales to their release within extracellular vesicles. A pH-dependent reversible phenolate/phenol interconversion on the fluorophore controlled the dynamic changes in dual emission responses and corresponding lifetime changes. Live-cell confocal microscopy experiments in the metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 confirmed the usability of the dual emissive properties for imaging over prolonged periods. All three derivatives performed as probes capable of real-time continuous imaging of fundamental cellular processes such as plasma membrane interaction, tracking endocytosis, lysosomal/large acidic vesicle accumulation, and efflux within extracellular vesicles without perturbing cellular function. Furthermore, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy provided valuable insights regarding fluorophore progression through intracellular microenvironments over time. Overall, the unique photophysical properties of these fluorophores show excellent potential for their use as information-rich probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Donal F. O’Shea
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dahl Jensen J, Jakobsen RK, Yao Z, Laursen BW. Investigating Design Rules for Photoinduced Electron Transfer Quenching in Triangulenium Probes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301077. [PMID: 37261711 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching of long lifetime triangulenium fluorophores have found multiple applications. For such probes a successful design relies on the right balance between the rate of PET quenching and fluorescence. In a series of ADOTA (A) and DAOTA (D) triangulenium fluorophores appended with aniline-like quencher moieties, we have investigated the rate of quenching and its relation to thermodynamic driving force, distance, and conjugation within the quencher moiety. Three different quenchers, a short (1), a long (2), and a long twisted (3), 4-aminophenyl, 4'-aminobiphenyl, and 2,2'-dimethyl-4'-aminobiphenyl, respectively were investigated. Steady-state spectroscopy and electrochemistry confirms that the quencher moieties are electronically decoupled from the dyes and have similar oxidation potentials and thus driving force for PET quenching, irrespectively of their different length and conjugation. Time-resolved fluorescence measurement was used to measure the fast PET quenching, with rate constant kPET ranging from >4×1011 to 2×109 s-1 . Interestingly, PET quenching is equally efficient/fast from 1 and 2, even with increase in distance between the donor and the acceptor. However, when twisting the biphenyl in 3, a 20-fold decrease in quenching is found. Even with this decrease in kPET, the quenching in 3 A/D is still highly efficient, with nearly 99 % quenching. The study show that long lifetime fluorophores can be efficiently switched even by relatively slow PET processes and that PET quencher moieties can be removed far from the fluorophore if conjugated linkers are applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dahl Jensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Rasmus K Jakobsen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Zehan Yao
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bleeker J, Kahn AP, Baumgartner LM, Grozema FC, Vermaas DA, Jager WF. Quinolinium-Based Fluorescent Probes for Dynamic pH Monitoring in Aqueous Media at High pH Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2050-2059. [PMID: 37128994 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal pH imaging using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is an excellent technique for investigating dynamic (electro)chemical processes. However, probes that are responsive at high pH values are not available. Here, we describe the development and application of dedicated pH probes based on the 1-methyl-7-amino-quinolinium fluorophore. The high fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield, the high (photo)stability, and the inherent water solubility make the quinolinium fluorophore well suited for the development of FLIM probes. Due to the flexible fluorophore-spacer-receptor architecture, probe lifetimes are tunable in the pH range between 5.5 and 11. An additional fluorescence lifetime response, at tunable pH values between 11 and 13, is achieved by deprotonation of the aromatic amine at the quinolinium core. Probe lifetimes are hardly affected by temperature and the presence of most inorganic ions, thus making FLIM imaging highly reliable and convenient. At 0.1 mM probe concentrations, imaging at rates of 3 images per second, at a resolution of 4 μm, while measuring pH values up to 12 is achieved. This enables the pH imaging of dynamic electrochemical processes involving chemical reactions and mass transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit Bleeker
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Aron P Kahn
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenz M Baumgartner
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - David A Vermaas
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gold Nanocluster-Based Fluorometric Banoxantrone Assay Enabled by Photoinduced Electron Transfer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111861. [PMID: 35683717 PMCID: PMC9182391 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the blood concentration of banoxantrone (AQ4N) is important to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of this new anticancer prodrug during its clinical applications. Herein, we report a fluorescence method for AQ4N detection through the modulation of the molecule-like photoinduced electron transfer (PET) behavior of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). AQ4N can electrostatically bind to the surface of carboxylated chitosan (CC) and dithiothreitol (DTT) co-stabilized AuNCs and quench their fluorescence via a Coulomb interaction-accelerated PET process. Under optimized experimental conditions, the linear range of AQ4N is from 25 to 200 nM and the limit of detection is as low as 5 nM. In addition, this assay is confirmed to be reliable based on its successful use in AQ4N determination in mouse plasma samples. This work offers an effective strategy for AQ4N sensing based on fluorescent AuNCs and widens the application of AuNCs in clinical diagnosis and pharmaceutical analysis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jensen JD, Bisballe N, Kacenauskaite L, Thomsen MS, Chen J, Hammerich O, Laursen BW. Utilizing Selective Chlorination to Synthesize New Triangulenium Dyes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17002-17010. [PMID: 34791879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of new sites on the triangulenium structure has been achieved by early-stage chlorination with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), giving rise to two new triangulenium dyes (1 and 3). By introducing the chlorine functionalities in the acridinium precursor, positions complementary to those previously obtained by electrophilic aromatic substitution on the final dyes are accessed. The chlorination is selective, giving only one regioisomer for both mono- and dichlorination products. For the monochlorinated acridinium compound, a highly selective ring-closing reaction was discovered, generating a single regioisomer of the cationic [4]helicene product. Further investigations into the mechanism of the [4]helicene formation lead to the first isolation of the previously proposed intermediate of the two-step SNAr reaction, key to all aza-bridged triangulenium and helicenium systems. Late-stage functionalization of DAOTA+ with NCS gave rise to a different dichlorinated compound (2). The fully ring closed chlorinated triangulenium dyes 1, 2, and 3 show a redshift in absorption and emission, while maintaining relatively high fluorescence quantum yields of 36%, 26%, and 41% and long fluorescence lifetimes of 15, 12.5, and 16 ns, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry shows that chlorination of the triangulenium dyes significantly lowers reduction potentials and thus allows for efficient tuning of redox and photoredox properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dahl Jensen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Bisballe
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Kacenauskaite
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Storm Thomsen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hulkko E, Lahtinen T, Marjomäki V, Pohjolainen E, Saarnio V, Sokolowska K, Ajitha A, Kuisma M, Lehtovaara L, Groenhof G, Häkkinen H, Pettersson M. Covalent and non-covalent coupling of a Au 102 nanocluster with a fluorophore: energy transfer, quenching and intracellular pH sensing. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6649-6658. [PMID: 36132657 PMCID: PMC9417352 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00368b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between an atomically precise gold nanocluster Au102(p-MBA)44 (p-MBA = para mercaptobenzoic acid) and a fluorescent organic dye molecule (KU, azadioxatriangulenium) are studied. In solution, the constituents form spontaneously a weakly bound complex leading to quenching of fluorescence of the KU dye via energy transfer. The KU can be separated from the complex by lowering pH, leading to recovery of fluorescence, which forms a basis for an optical reversible pH sensor. However, the sensor is not a stable entity, which could be delivered inside cells. For this purpose, a covalently bound hybrid is synthesized by linking the KU dye to the ligand layer of the cluster via an ester bond. Covalent linking facilitates entry of the cluster-dye hybrids into cells via endocytosis. Inside cells, the hybrids accumulate in endosomes where Au102 releases its cargo via hydrolysis of the ester bond. Changes of the local pH inside endosomes regulate reversible fluorescence due to variations in the interactions between the Au102 cluster and the dye. This work presents a concept for delivering reporter molecules into cells by using atomically precise gold nanoclusters as carriers and paves the way for future developments of cluster-reporter sensors for in vivo measurements of e.g. absolute pH values or ion concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero Hulkko
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Tanja Lahtinen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Emmi Pohjolainen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Ville Saarnio
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Karolina Sokolowska
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Ardra Ajitha
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Mikael Kuisma
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Lauri Lehtovaara
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Gerrit Groenhof
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hande PE, Shelke YG, Datta A, Gharpure SJ. Recent Advances in Small Molecule-Based Intracellular pH Probes. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100448. [PMID: 34695287 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pH plays an important role in many biological and pathological processes. Small-molecule based pH probes are found to be the most effective for pH sensing because of ease of preparation, high sensitivity, and quick response. They have many advantages such as small perturbation to the functions of the target, functional adaptability, cellular component-specific localization, etc. The present review highlights the flurry of recent activity in the development of such probes. The probes are categorized based on the type of fluorophore used like quinoline, coumarin, BODIPY, rhodamine, indolium, naphthalimide, etc., and their analytical performance is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj E Hande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Yogesh G Shelke
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tarrieu R, Delgado IH, Zinna F, Dorcet V, Colombel-Rouen S, Crévisy C, Baslé O, Bosson J, Lacour J. Hybrids of cationic [4]helicene and N-heterocyclic carbene as ligands for complexes exhibiting (chir)optical properties in the far red spectral window. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3793-3796. [PMID: 33876124 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, electronic and structural properties of a chiral NHC bearing a N-bonded cationic [4]helicene moiety are reported. This ligand is used to construct AuI, AuIII and RhI complexes exhibiting far-red (chir)optical properties regardless of the metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tarrieu
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kitamoto Y, Oda K, Ogino K, Hiyama K, Kita H, Hattori T, Oi S. Synthesis of an azadioxa-planar triphenylborane and investigation of its structural and photophysical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2297-2300. [PMID: 33533350 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report here the first successful synthesis of planar triphenylborane 1 with the phenyl groups bridged by oxygen and nitrogen atoms via double nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The hetero atom-bridged 1 has excellent planarity. Its structural and photophysical properties are tunable by altering the bridging atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kitamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - K Oda
- Advanced Technology Center, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., 2970 Ishikawa-Machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8505, Japan
| | - K Ogino
- Advanced Technology Center, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., 2970 Ishikawa-Machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8505, Japan
| | - K Hiyama
- Advanced Technology Center, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., 2970 Ishikawa-Machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8505, Japan
| | - H Kita
- Advanced Technology Center, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., 2970 Ishikawa-Machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8505, Japan
| | - T Hattori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - S Oi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lewis BW, Bisballe N, Santella M, Summers PA, Vannier JB, Kuimova MK, Laursen BW, Vilar R. Assessing The Key Photophysical Properties of Triangulenium Dyes for DNA Binding by Alteration of the Fluorescent Core. Chemistry 2021; 27:2523-2536. [PMID: 33105523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four-stranded G-quadruplex (G4) DNA is a non-canonical DNA topology that has been proposed to form in cells and play key roles in how the genome is read and used by the cellular machinery. Previously, a fluorescent triangulenium probe (DAOTA-M2) was used to visualise G4s in cellulo, thanks to its distinct fluorescence lifetimes when bound to different DNA topologies. Herein, the library of available triangulenium probes is expanded to explore how modifications to the fluorescent core of the molecule affect its photophysical characteristics, interaction with DNA and cellular localisation. The benzo-bridged and isopropyl-bridged diazatriangulenium dyes, BDATA-M2 and CDATA-M2 respectively, featuring ethyl-morpholino substituents, were synthesised and characterised. The interactions of these molecules with different DNA topologies were studied to determine their binding affinity, fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence lifetime response. Finally, the cellular uptake and localisation of these optical probes were investigated. Whilst structural modifications to the triangulenium core only slightly alter the binding affinity to DNA, BDATA-M2 and CDATA-M2 cannot distinguish between DNA topologies through their fluorescence lifetime. It is argued theoretically and experimentally that this is due to reduced effectiveness of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching. This work presents valuable new evidence into the critical role of PET quenching when using the fluorescence lifetime of triangulenium dyes to discriminate G4 DNA from duplex DNA, highlighting the importance of fine tuning redox and spectral properties when developing new triangulenium-based G4 probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,Institute of Chemical Biology, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Niels Bisballe
- Department of Chemistry & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Santella
- Department of Chemistry & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter A Summers
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Vannier
- Telomere Replication and Stability Group, Medical Research Council-London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Marina K Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,Institute of Chemical Biology, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Department of Chemistry & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,Institute of Chemical Biology, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tabasi ZA, Walsh JC, Bodwell GJ, Thompson DW, Zhao Y. Comparative study of the photophysical and crystallographic properties of 4-(9 H-pyreno[4,5- d]imidazol-10-yl)phenol and its alkylated derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical and crystallographic properties of a para-hydroxphenyl-substituted pyrenoimidazole and its decylated analogues were investigated. The fluorescence of these compounds is sensitive to environmental acidity and basicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra A. Tabasi
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
| | - Joshua C. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
| | - David W. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luminescent probes for luminescence lifetime sensing and imaging in live cells: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
13
|
Hirakawa K, Takai S, Horiuchi H, Okazaki S. Photooxidation Activity Control of Dimethylaminophenyl-tris-( N-methyl-4-pridinio)porphyrin by pH. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27702-27708. [PMID: 33134734 PMCID: PMC7594313 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To control the activity of photodynamic agents by pH, an electron donor-connecting cationic porphyrin, meso-(N',N'-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl)-tris(N-methyl-p-pyridinio)porphyrin (DMATMPyP), was designed and synthesized. The photoexcited state (singlet excited state) of DMATMPyP was deactivated through intramolecular electron transfer under a neutral condition. The pK a of the protonated DMATMPyP was 4.5, and the fluorescence intensity and singlet oxygen-generating activity increased under an acidic condition. Furthermore, the protonation of DMATMPyP enhanced the biomolecule photooxidative activity through electron extraction. Photodamage of human serum albumin (HSA) was observed under a neutral condition because a hydrophobic HSA environment can reverse the deactivation of photoexcited DMATMPyP. However, an HSA-damaging mechanism of DMATMPyP under a neutral condition was explained by singlet oxygen production. Therefore, it is indicated that the protein photodamaging activity of DMATMPyP goes into an OFF state under a neutral hypoxic condition. Under an acidic condition, the HSA photodamaging quantum yield by DMATMPyP through electron extraction could be preserved in the presence of a singlet oxygen quencher. Photooxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by DMATMPyP was also enhanced under an acidic condition. This study demonstrated the concept of using pH to control photosensitizer activity via inhibition of the intramolecular electron transfer deactivation and enhancement of the oxidative activity through the electron extraction mechanism. Specifically, biomolecule oxidation through electron extraction may play an important role in photodynamic therapy to treat tumors under a hypoxic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Hirakawa
- Applied
Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering,
Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
- Department
of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Takai
- Applied
Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering,
Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Horiuchi
- Division
of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho 1-5-1, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- Preeminent
Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Frankær CG, Rosenberg M, Santella M, Hussain KJ, Laursen BW, Sørensen TJ. Tuning the p K a of a pH Responsive Fluorophore and the Consequences for Calibration of Optical Sensors Based on a Single Fluorophore but Multiple Receptors. ACS Sens 2019; 4:764-773. [PMID: 30762336 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since Sørensen and Bjerrum defined the pH scale, we have relied on two methods for determining pH, the colorimetric or the electrochemical. For pH electrodes, calibration is easy as a linear response is observed in the interesting pH range from 1 to ∼12. For colorimetric sensors, the response follows the sigmoidal Bjerrum diagram of an acid-base equilibrium. Thus, calibration of colorimetric sensors is more complex. Here, seven pH responsive fluorescent dyes based on the same diazaoxatriangulenium (DAOTA) fluorophore linked to varying receptor groups were prepared. Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) quenching from appended aniline or phenol receptors generated the pH response of the DAOTA dyes, and the position of the p Ka value of the dye was tuned using the Hammett relationship as a guideline. The fluorescence intensity of the dyes in a sol-gel matrix environment was measured as a function of pH in universal buffer, and it was found that the dyes behave as perfect pH responsive probes under these conditions. The response of optical pH sensors is nonlinear and was found to be limited to 2-3 pH units for a precision of 0.01 pH unit. As sensors with a broader sensitivity range can be achieved by mixing multiple dyes with different p Ka values, mixtures of dyes in solution were investigated, and a broad range pH sensor with a precision of 0.006 pH units over a range of 3.6 pH units was demonstrated. Further, approximating the sensor response as linear was considered, and a limiting precision for this approach was determined. As the responses of the pH responsive DAOTA dyes were found to be ideally sigmoidal and as the six dyes were shown to have p Ka values scattered over a range from ∼2 to ∼9, this allows for design of a broad range optical pH sensor in the pH range from 1 to 10. This hypothesis was tested using quaternary mixtures of the different DAOTA dyes, and these were found to behave as a direct sum of the individual components. Thus, while linear calibration is limited to a precision of 0.02 in a range of 2-3 pH units, calibration using ideal sigmoidal functions is possible in the range of 1-10 with a precision better than 0.01, and as good as 0.002 pH units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian G. Frankær
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- FRS-systems ApS, Hovedgaden 20, 4621 Gadstrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Rosenberg
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marco Santella
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Bo W. Laursen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Thomas J. Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- FRS-systems ApS, Hovedgaden 20, 4621 Gadstrup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|