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Luo X, Zhai Y, Wang P, Tian B, Liu S, Li J, Yang C, Strehmel V, Li S, Matyjaszewski K, Yilmaz G, Strehmel B, Chen Z. Light-Mediated Polymerization Catalyzed by Carbon Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316431. [PMID: 38012084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, specifically carbon dots and carbon nitrides, play a crucial role as heterogeneous photoinitiators in both radical and cationic polymerization processes. These recently introduced materials offer promising solutions to the limitations of current homogeneous systems, presenting a novel approach to photopolymerization. This review highlights the preparation and photocatalytic performance of these nanomaterials, emphasizing their application in various polymerization techniques, including photoinduced i) free radical, ii) RAFT, iii) ATRP, and iv) cationic photopolymerization. Additionally, it discusses their potential in addressing contemporary challenges and explores prospects in this field. Moreover, carbon nitrides, in particular, exhibit exceptional oxygen tolerance, underscoring their significance in radical polymerization processes and allowing their applications such as 3D printing, surface modification of coatings, and hydrogel engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Northeast Forestry University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
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2
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Hu P, Xu H, Pan Y, Sang X, Liu R. Upconversion particle-assisted NIR polymerization enables microdomain gradient photopolymerization at inter-particulate length scale. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3653. [PMID: 37339956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High crosslinking and low shrinkage stress are difficult to reconcile in the preparation of performance-enhancing photopolymer materials. Here we report the unique mechanism of upconversion particles-assisted NIR polymerization (UCAP) in reducing shrinkage stress and enhancing mechanical properties of cured materials. The excited upconversion particle emit UV-vis light with gradient intensity to the surroundings, forming a domain-limited gradient photopolymerization centered on the particle, and the photopolymer grows within this domain. The curing system remains fluid until the percolated photopolymer network is formed and starts gelation at high functional group conversion, with most of the shrinkage stresses generated by the crosslinking reaction having been released prior to gelation. Longer exposures after gelation contribute to a homogeneous solidification of cured material, and polymer materials cured by UCAP exhibit high gel point conversion, low shrinkage stress and strong mechanical properties than those cured by conventional UV polymerization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hang Xu
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Pan
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinxin Sang
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ren Liu
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhu J, He W, Liu Y, Sang X, Liu R. 3D printing of unsupported multi-scale and large-span ceramic via near-infrared assisted direct ink writing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2381. [PMID: 37185359 PMCID: PMC10130026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the three-dimensional printing process of ceramic with low-angle structures, additional supporting structures are usually employed to avoid collapse of overhanging parts. However, the extra supporting structures not only affect printing efficiency, but the problems caused by their removal are also a matter of concern. Herein, we present a ceramic printing method, which can realize printing of unsupported multi-scale and large-span ceramics through the combination of direct ink writing and near-infrared induced up-conversion particles-assisted photopolymerization. This printing technology enables in-situ curing of multi-scale filaments with diameters ranging from 410 µm to 3.50 mm, and ceramic structures of torsion spring, three-dimensional bending and cantilever beam were successfully constructed through unsupported printing. This method will bring more innovation to the unsupported 3D manufacturing of complex shape ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junzhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wangyan He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 213122, China
| | - Xinxin Sang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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High-Performance Photoinitiating Systems for LED-Induced Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020342. [PMID: 36679223 PMCID: PMC9860695 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, increasing attention has been focused on light-emitting diodes (LEDs)-induced photopolymerization. The common LEDs (e.g., LED at 365 nm and LED at 405 nm) possess narrow emission bands. Due to their light absorption properties, most commercial photoinitiators are sensitive to UV light and cannot be optimally activated under visible LED irradiation. Although many photoinitiators have been designed for LED-induced free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization, there is still the issue of the mating between photoinitiators and LEDs. Therefore, the development of novel photoinitiators, which could be applied under LED irradiation, is significant. Many photoinitiating systems have been reported in the past decade. In this review, some recently developed photoinitiators used in LED-induced photopolymerization, mainly in the past 5 years, are summarized and categorized as Type Ⅰ photoinitiators, Type Ⅱ photoinitiators, and dye-based photoinitiating systems. In addition, their light absorption properties and photoinitiation efficiencies are discussed.
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5
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Hermes P, Hermsen A, Jäger M, Gutmann JS, Strehmel V, Strehmel B. Challenges and limits of upconversion nanoparticles for cationic photopolymerization with UV initiators excited at 980 nm. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00460g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with various modifications around the NaYF4:Tm/Yb core served as a source for generating UV light upon excitation with laser light at 980 nm resulting in initiation of cationic photopolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hermes
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hermsen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Jäger
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Essen, Germany
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6
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Cerretani C, Palm-Henriksen G, Liisberg MB, Vosch T. The effect of deuterium on the photophysical properties of DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2021; 12:16100-16105. [PMID: 35024132 PMCID: PMC8672707 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of using D2O versus H2O as solvent on the spectroscopic properties of two NIR emissive DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA–AgNCs). The two DNA–AgNCs were chosen because they emit in the same energy range as the third overtone of the O–H stretch. Opposite effects on the ns-lived decay were observed for the two DNA–AgNCs. Surprisingly, for one DNA–AgNC, D2O shortened the ns decay time and enhanced the amount of µs-lived emission. We hypothesize that the observed effects originate from the differences in the hydrogen bonding strength and vibrational frequencies in the two diverse solvents. For the other DNA–AgNC, D2O lengthened the ns decay time and made the fluorescence quantum yield approach unity at 5 °C. We investigated the effect of using D2O versus H2O as solvent on the spectroscopic properties of two NIR emissive DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA–AgNCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cerretani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Gustav Palm-Henriksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Liisberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
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7
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Rationale Auswahl von Cyaninen zur Erzeugung von konjugierter Säure und freien Radikalen für die Photopolymerisation durch Belichtung bei 860 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Wang Q, Popov S, Feilen A, Strehmel V, Strehmel B. Rational Selection of Cyanines to Generate Conjugate Acid and Free Radicals for Photopolymerization upon Exposure at 860 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26855-26865. [PMID: 34405510 PMCID: PMC9298067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different cyanines absorbing in the NIR between 750 and 930 nm were applied to study the efficiency of both radical and cationic polymerization in combination with diaryliodonium salt. Variation of the connecting methine chain and structure of the terminal indolium moiety provided a deeper insight in the structure of the cyanine NIR‐sensitizer and the efficiency to generate initiating radicals and conjugate acid. Photophysical studies were pursued by fluorescence spectroscopy providing a deeper understanding regarding the lifetime of the excited state and contribution of nonradiative deactivation resulting in generation of additional heat in the polymerization process. Furthermore, electrochemical experiments demonstrated connection to oxidation and reduction capability as influenced by the structural pattern of the sensitizer. LC–MS measurements provided a deeper pattern about the photoproducts formed. A nonamethine‐based cyanine showed the best performance regarding bleaching in combination with an iodonium salt at 860 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstrasse 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd., Murmanskaya 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alfred Feilen
- Easytech GmbH, Pascalstrasse 6, 52076, Aachen, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstrasse 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstrasse 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
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9
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Shukla S, Pandey PC, Narayan RJ. Tunable Quantum Photoinitiators for Radical Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2694. [PMID: 34451234 PMCID: PMC8398557 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the use of nanocrystal-based photocatalysts as quantum photoinitiators, including semiconductor nanocrystals (e.g., metal oxides, metal sulfides, quantum dots), carbon dots, graphene-based nanohybrids, plasmonic nanocomposites with organic photoinitiators, and tunable upconverting nanocomposites. The optoelectronic properties, cross-linking behavior, and mechanism of action of quantum photoinitiators are considered. The challenges and prospects associated with the use of quantum photoinitiators for processes such as radical polymerization, reversible deactivation radical polymerization, and photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization are reviewed. Due to their unique capabilities, we forsee a growing role for quantum photoinitiators over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Prem C. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA;
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10
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Oprych D, Strehmel B. Mediated Generation of Conjugate Acid by UV and Blue Sensitizers with Upconversion Nanoparticles at 980 nm. Chemistry 2021; 27:4297-4301. [PMID: 33349989 PMCID: PMC7986751 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NIR and UV exposure of systems comprising upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) based on NaYF4:Tm/Yb@NaYF4, a sensitizer absorbing either in the blue or UV region, and an onium salt with weak coordinating anion resulted in formation of conjugate acid (con‐H+). That was namely Ivocerin (di(4‐methoxybenzoyl)diethylgermane), ITX (2‐iso‐propyl thioxanthone), anthracene, pyrene, rubrene, camphore quinone, and a strong fluorescent coumarin (1,1,6,6,8‐pentamethyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahyhdro‐1H,4H‐11‐oxa‐3a‐aza‐benzo[de]anthracene‐10‐one). Quantification occurred by treatment with Rhodamine B lactone whose color switched to intensive red after photolytic formation of con‐H+. Exposure with a NIR laser at 980 nm resulted in less con‐H+ compared to 395 nm where all sensitizers absorb radiation. UCNP did not mainly interfered formation of con‐H+. The different rates obtained in both experiments responsibly explain the failure and success to initiate polymerization of epoxides applying ether 980 nm or 395 nm excitation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Oprych
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 147798KrefeldGermany
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 147798KrefeldGermany
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11
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Pang Y, Shiraishi A, Keil D, Popov S, Strehmel V, Jiao H, Gutmann JS, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR-Sensitized Cationic and Hybrid Radical/Cationic Polymerization and Crosslinking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1465-1473. [PMID: 32964609 PMCID: PMC7839698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NIR‐sensitized cationic polymerization proceeded with good efficiency, as was demonstrated with epoxides, vinyl ether, and oxetane. A heptacyanine functioned as sensitizer while iodonium salt served as coinitiator. The anion adopts a special function in a series selected from fluorinated phosphates (a: [PF6]−, b: [PF3(C2F5)3]−, c: [PF3(n‐C4F9)3]−), aluminates (d: [Al(O‐t‐C4F9)4]−, e: [Al(O(C3F6)CH3)4]−), and methide [C(O‐SO2CF3)3]− (f). Vinyl ether showed the best cationic polymerization efficiency followed by oxetanes and oxiranes. DFT calculations provided a rough pattern regarding the electrostatic potential of each anion where d showed a better reactivity than e and b. Formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) using trimethylpropane triacrylate and epoxides proceeded in the case of NIR‐sensitized polymerization where anion d served as counter ion in the initiator system. No IPN was formed by UV‐LED initiation using the same monomers but thioxanthone/iodonium salt as photoinitiator. Exposure was carried out with new NIR‐LED devices emitting at either 805 or 870 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- San-Apro Ltd., 1-40, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyoku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH, Technikumstraße 1, 06766, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd., Murmanskaya 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Hongjun Jiao
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD., Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park, 448000, Jingmen, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
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12
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Pang Y, Shiraishi A, Keil D, Popov S, Strehmel V, Jiao H, Gutmann JS, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR‐sensibilisierte kationische und hybride radikalische/kationische Polymerisation und Vernetzung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Fachbereich Chemie Institut für Lacke und Oberflächenchemie Hochschule Niederrhein Adlerstraße 1 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District Beijing 100875 VR China
| | | | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH Technikumstraße 1 06766 Bitterfeld-Wolfen Deutschland
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd. Murmanskaya 5 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Fachbereich Chemie Institut für Lacke und Oberflächenchemie Hochschule Niederrhein Adlerstraße 1 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
| | - Hongjun Jiao
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD. Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park 448000 Jingmen Hubei Province VR China
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District Beijing 100875 VR China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Fachbereich Chemie Institut für Lacke und Oberflächenchemie Hochschule Niederrhein Adlerstraße 1 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
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13
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Meng X, Li L, Huang Y, Deng X, Liu X, Li Z. Upconversion nanoparticle-assisted cationic and radical/cationic hybrid photopolymerization using sulfonium salts. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01455b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several sulfonium salts as unimolecular photoinitiators can efficiently initiate UCNP-assisted direct cationic and radial/cationic photopolymerization under 980 nm NIR light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Meng
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longji Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoxin Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Deng
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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3D printing of multi-scalable structures via high penetration near-infrared photopolymerization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3462. [PMID: 32651379 PMCID: PMC7351743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing consisted of in-situ UV-curing module can build complex 3D structures, in which direct ink writing can handle versatile materials. However, UV-based direct ink writing (DIW) is facing a trade-off between required curing intensity and effectiveness range, and it cannot implement multiscale parallelization at ease. We overcome these difficulties by ink design and introducing near-infrared (NIR) laser assisted module, and this increases the scalability of direct ink writing to solidify the deposited filament with diameter up to 4 mm, which is much beyond any of existing UV-assisted DIW. The NIR effectiveness range can expand to tens of centimeters and deliver the embedded writing capability. We also demonstrate its parallel manufacturing capability for simultaneous curing of multi-color filaments and freestanding objects. The strategy owns further advantages to be integrated with other types of ink-based 3D printing technologies for extensive applications. Currently UV-based direct ink writing (DIW) is facing a trade-off between required curing intensity and effectiveness range. Here the authors overcome this problem by introducing near-infrared photopolymerization into DIW
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Ultra-High Through-Cure of (Meth)Acrylate Copolymers via Photofrontal Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061291. [PMID: 32512877 PMCID: PMC7361706 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization offers substantial advantages in terms of time, temperature, energy consumption, and spatial control of the initiation. The application however is strongly limited due to the constrained penetration of light into thick films. Strategies to overcome the problem of limited curing depth, as well as to improve the curing of shadow areas, involve dual curing, frontal polymerization, and upconversion of particles. Whereas excellent results have been accomplished applying photofrontal polymerization on a theoretical level, few studies report on practical applications achieving high curing depth within short time. This study aims to investigate the potential of photofrontal polymerization, performed only with photoinitiator and light, for the fast and easy production of several-centimeter-thick (meth)acrylic layers. Monomer/ initiator systems were evaluated with respect to their optical density as well as photobleaching behavior. Moreover, depth-dependent polymerization was studied in specimens of varying monomer ratio and photoinitiator concentration. When an ideal photoinitiator concentration was selected, curing up to 52 mm in depth was accomplished within minutes.
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Pang Y, Fan S, Wang Q, Oprych D, Feilen A, Reiner K, Keil D, Slominsky YL, Popov S, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR‐Sensitized Activated Photoreaction between Cyanines and Oxime Esters: Free‐Radical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Department of Chemistry Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Adlerstr. 1 47798 Krefeld Germany
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Shuheng Fan
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Qunying Wang
- Department of Chemistry Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Adlerstr. 1 47798 Krefeld Germany
| | - Dennis Oprych
- Department of Chemistry Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Adlerstr. 1 47798 Krefeld Germany
| | | | - Knut Reiner
- FEW Chemicals GmbH Technikumstraße 1 06766 Bitterfeld-Wolfen Germany
| | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH Technikumstraße 1 06766 Bitterfeld-Wolfen Germany
| | - Yuriy L. Slominsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences Kiev 03094 Ukraine
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd. Murmanskaya 5 02094 Kiev Ukraine
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Adlerstr. 1 47798 Krefeld Germany
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17
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Pang Y, Fan S, Wang Q, Oprych D, Feilen A, Reiner K, Keil D, Slominsky YL, Popov S, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR-Sensitized Activated Photoreaction between Cyanines and Oxime Esters: Free-Radical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11440-11447. [PMID: 32350980 PMCID: PMC7383488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyanines comprising either a benzo[e]‐ or benzo[c,d]indolium core facilitate initiation of radical photopolymerization combined with high power NIR‐LED prototypes emitting at 805 nm, 860 nm, or 870 nm, while different oxime esters function as radical coinitiators. Radical photopolymerization followed an initiation mechanism based on the participation of excited states, requiring additional thermal energy to overcome an existing intrinsic activation barrier. Heat released by nonradiative deactivation of the sensitizer favored the system, even under conditions where a thermally activated photoinduced electron transfer controls the reaction protocol. The heat generated internally by the NIR sensitizer promotes generation of the initiating reactive radicals. Sensitizers with a barbiturate group at the meso‐position preferred to bleach directly, while sensitizers carrying a cyclopentene moiety unexpectedly initiated the photosensitized mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shuheng Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qunying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Oprych
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Knut Reiner
- FEW Chemicals GmbH, Technikumstraße 1, 06766, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH, Technikumstraße 1, 06766, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
| | - Yuriy L Slominsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, 03094, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd., Murmanskaya 5, 02094, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
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