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Abstract
Now in their 5th decade of research and development, conducting polymers represent an interesting class of materials to underpin new wearable or conformable electronic devices. Of particular interest over the years has been poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), commonly known as PEDOT, owing to its ease of fabrication and relative stability under typical ambient conditions. Understanding PEDOT from a variety of fundamental and applied perspectives is important for how it can be enhanced, modified, functionalised, and/or processed for use in commercial products. This feature article highlights the contribution of the research team at the University of South Australia led by Professor Evans, and their collaborators, putting their work into the broader context of conducting polymer research and application. This review focuses on the vapour synthesis of PEDOT doped with the tosylate anion, the benefits of controlling its morphology/structure during synthesis, and its application as an active material interacting with secondary anions in sensors, energy devices and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Evans
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
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2
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Chen X, Zhu C, Jiang F, Liu G, Liu C, Jiang Q, Xu J, An J, Liu P. Regulating monomer assembly to enhance PEDOT capacitance performance via different oxidants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:265-271. [PMID: 34082231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with high specific capacitance is the key to pursuing high-performance supercapacitors, and the electrochemical properties of PEDOT are closely related to the oxidation degree and conjugated chain length of its molecular chain. In this work, the influences of various oxidants (FeCl3, Fe(Tos)3 and MoCl5) on the molecular chain structure and capacitive properties of PEDOT via vapor phase polymerization were systematically investigated. Fe(Tos)3 can significantly improve the degree of oxidation and the length of the conjugated chain of PEDOT compared to FeCl3 and MoCl5, enhancing the conductivity and providing more active sites for Faraday reaction. Therefore, the PEDOT/P(Fe(Tos)3) electrode displays a considerable conductivity of 73 S cm-1, high areal capacitance (419 mF cm-2) and excellent electrochemical stability under the different bent state. Moreover, the conjugated structure strengthens the interaction between PEDOT chains, achieving good cycle stability. Therefore, Fe(Tos)3 is an ideal oxidant for obtaining high-performance PEDOT electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Fengxing Jiang
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- Institute Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Jianyu An
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
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Chen X, Jiang F, Jiang Q, Jia Y, Liu C, Liu G, Xu J, Duan X, Zhu C, Nie G, Liu P. Conductive and flexible PEDOT-decorated paper as high performance electrode fabricated by vapor phase polymerization for supercapacitor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Salomäki M, Marttila L, Kivelä H, Tupala M, Lukkari J. Oxidative Spin-Spray-Assembled Coordinative Multilayers as Platforms for Capacitive Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6736-6748. [PMID: 32453595 PMCID: PMC7588138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spin-spray-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique was used to prepare coordinative oxidative multilayers from Ce(IV), inorganic polyphosphate (PP), and graphene oxide (GO). The films consist of successive tetralayers and have a general structure (PP/Ce/GO/Ce)n. Such oxidative multilayers have been shown to be a general platform for the electrodeless generation of conducting polymer and melanin-type films. Although the incorporation of GO enhances the film growth, the conventional dip LbL method is very time consuming. We show that the spin-spray method reduces the time required to grow thick multilayers by the order of magnitude and the film growth is linear from the beginning, which implies a stratified structure. We have deposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxothiophene), PEDOT, on the oxidative multilayers and studied these redox-active films as models for melanin-type capacitive layers for supercapacitors to be used in biodegradable electronics, both before and after the electrochemical reduction of GO to rGO. The amount of oxidant and PEDOT scales linearly with the film thickness, and the charge transfer kinetics is not mass transfer-limited, especially after the reduction of GO. The areal capacitance of the films grows linearly with the film thickness, reaching a value of ca. 1.6 mF cm-2 with 20 tetralayers, and the specific volumetric (per film volume) and mass (per mass of PEDOT) capacitances are ca. 130 F cm-3 and 65 F g-1, respectively. 5,6-Dihydroxyindole can also be polymerized to a redox-active melanin-type film on these oxidative multilayers, with even higher areal capacitance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Salomäki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku
University Centre for Surfaces and Materials (MatSurf), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Marttila
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Doctoral
Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Kivelä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku
University Centre for Surfaces and Materials (MatSurf), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Tupala
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Lukkari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku
University Centre for Surfaces and Materials (MatSurf), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Zhu J, Lu L, Shi L, Dai Z, Zhuang W, Weng Z. Electric double-layer of [emim][DCA] ionic liquid at heterogeneous interface of TiO2/C composite: From simulation to experiment. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rehmen J, Zuber K, Modarresi M, Kim D, Charrault E, Jannasch P, Zozoulenko I, Evans D, Karlsson C. Structural Control of Charge Storage Capacity to Achieve 100% Doping in Vapor Phase-Polymerized PEDOT/Tosylate. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21818-21826. [PMID: 31891059 PMCID: PMC6933595 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vapor phase polymerization (VPP) is used to fabricate a series of tosylate-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodes on carbon paper. The series of VPP PEDOT/tosylate coatings has varying levels of crystallinity and electrical conductivity because of the use (or not) of nonionic triblock copolymers in the oxidant solution during synthesis. As a result, the impact of the structure on charge storage capacity is investigated using tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate (0.1 M in acetonitrile). The ability to insert anions, and hence store charge, of the VPP PEDOT/tosylate is inversely related to its electrical conductivity. In the case of no nonionic triblock copolymer employed, the VPP PEDOT/tosylate achieves electrochemical doping levels of 1.0 charge per monomer or greater (≥100% doping level). Such high doping levels are demonstrated to be plausible by molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations. Experiments show that this high doping level is attainable when the PEDOT structure is weakly crystalline with (relatively) large crystallite domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaiz Rehmen
- Thin
Film Coating Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001 SA, Australia
| | - Kamil Zuber
- Thin
Film Coating Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001 SA, Australia
| | - Mohsen Modarresi
- Department
of Physics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
- Department
of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-601
74, Sweden
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department
of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-601
74, Sweden
| | - Eric Charrault
- Thin
Film Coating Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001 SA, Australia
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Department
of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-601
74, Sweden
| | - Drew Evans
- Thin
Film Coating Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001 SA, Australia
| | - Christoffer Karlsson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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Suominen M, Damlin P, Kvarnström C. Electrolyte effects on formation and properties of PEDOT-graphene oxide composites. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sahalianov I, Singh SK, Tybrandt K, Berggren M, Zozoulenko I. The intrinsic volumetric capacitance of conducting polymers: pseudo-capacitors or double-layer supercapacitors? RSC Adv 2019; 9:42498-42508. [PMID: 35542835 PMCID: PMC9076818 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10250g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacitance of conducting polymers represents one of the most important material parameters that in many cases determines the device and material performances. Despite a vast number of experimental studies, the theoretical understanding of the origin of the capacitance in conducting polymers remains unsatisfactory and appears even controversial. Here, we present a theoretical method, based on first principle capacitance calculations using density functional theory (DFT), and apply it to calculate the volumetric capacitance of two archetypical conducting polymers: poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polypyrrole (PPy). Our aim is to achieve a quantitate description of the volumetric capacitance and to provide a qualitative understanding of its nature at the atomistic level. We find that the volumetric capacitance of PEDOT and PPy is ≈100 F cm−3 and ≈300 F cm−3, respectively, which is within the range of the corresponding reported experimental results. We demonstrate that the capacitance of conducting polymers originates from charges stored in atomistic Stern layers formed by counterions and doped polymeric chains. The Stern layers have a purely electrostatic origin, since the counterions do not form any bonds with the atoms of the polymeric chains, and no charge transfer between the counterions and conducting polymer takes place. This classifies the conducting polymers as double-layer supercapacitors rather than pseudo-capacitors. Further, we analyze contributions to the total capacitance originating from the classical capacitance CC and the quantum capacitance CQ, respectively, and find that the latter provides a dominant contribution. The method of calculations of the capacitance developed in the present paper is rather general and opens up the way for engineering and optimizing the capacitive response of the conducting polymers. Using the density functional theory, the intrinsic volumetric capacitance of conducting polymers is calculated. It is shown that conducting polymers operate as double-layer supercapacitors rather than pseudo-capacitors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihor Sahalianov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics
- ITN
- Linköping University
- 60174 Norrköping
- Sweden
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics
- ITN
- Linköping University
- 60174 Norrköping
- Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics
- ITN
- Linköping University
- 60174 Norrköping
- Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics
- ITN
- Linköping University
- 60174 Norrköping
- Sweden
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics
- ITN
- Linköping University
- 60174 Norrköping
- Sweden
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10
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Yasin MN, Brooke RK, Rudd S, Chan A, Chen WT, Waterhouse GI, Evans D, Rupenthal ID, Svirskis D. 3-Dimensionally ordered macroporous PEDOT ion-exchange resins prepared by vapor phase polymerization for triggered drug delivery: Fabrication and characterization. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Enhanced pseudocapacitance performance of conductive polymer electroactive film in the presence of green compound of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride: Electrochemical and DFT study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:151-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Influence of newly synthesized geminal dicationic ionic liquid on electrochemical and pseudocapacitance performance of conductive polymer electroactive film. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:1158-1164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Rudd S, Franco-Gonzalez JF, Kumar Singh S, Ullah Khan Z, Crispin X, Andreasen JW, Zozoulenko I, Evans D. Charge transport and structure in semimetallic polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 56:97-104. [PMID: 29242675 PMCID: PMC5725714 DOI: 10.1002/polb.24530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to changes in their chemistry and structure, polymers can be fabricated to demonstrate vastly different electrical conductivities over many orders of magnitude. At the high end of conductivity is the class of conducting polymers, which are ideal candidates for many applications in low‐cost electronics. Here, we report the influence of the nature of the doping anion at high doping levels within the semi‐metallic conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on its electronic transport properties. Hall effect measurements on a variety of PEDOT samples show that the choice of doping anion can lead to an order of magnitude enhancement in the charge carrier mobility > 3 cm2/Vs at conductivities approaching 3000 S/cm under ambient conditions. Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X‐ray Scattering, Density Functional Theory calculations, and Molecular Dynamics simulations indicate that the chosen doping anion modifies the way PEDOT chains stack together. This link between structure and specific anion doping at high doping levels has ramifications for the fabrication of conducting polymer‐based devices. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 97–104
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Rudd
- Thin Film Coatings Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes South Australia 5095 Australia
| | - Juan F Franco-Gonzalez
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics Linkoping University Norrkoping SE-601 74 Sweden
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics Linkoping University Norrkoping SE-601 74 Sweden
| | - Zia Ullah Khan
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics Linkoping University Norrkoping SE-601 74 Sweden
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics Linkoping University Norrkoping SE-601 74 Sweden
| | - Jens W Andreasen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Frederiksborgvej 399 Technical University of Denmark Roskilde 4000 Denmark
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics Linkoping University Norrkoping SE-601 74 Sweden
| | - Drew Evans
- Thin Film Coatings Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes South Australia 5095 Australia
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Casado N, Hilder M, Pozo-Gonzalo C, Forsyth M, Mecerreyes D. Electrochemical Behavior of PEDOT/Lignin in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes: Suitable Cathode/Electrolyte System for Sodium Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:1783-1791. [PMID: 28198593 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived polymers, such as lignin, contain quinone/ hydroquinone redox moieties that can be used to store charge. Composites based on the biopolymer lignin and several conjugated polymers have shown good charge-storage properties. However, their performance has been only studied in acidic aqueous media limiting their applications mainly to supercapacitors. Here, we show that PEDOT/lignin (PEDOT: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) biopolymers are electroactive in aprotic ionic liquids (ILs) and we move a step further by assembling sodium full cell batteries using PEDOT/lignin as electrode material and IL electrolytes. Thus, the electrochemical activity and cycling of PEDOT/lignin electrodes was investigated in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMPyrTFSI), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (BMPyrFSI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMImTFSI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (EMImFSI) IL electrolytes. The effects of water and sodium salt addition to the ILs were investigated to obtain optimum electrolyte systems for sodium batteries. Finally, sodium batteries based on PEDOT/lignin cathode with imidazolium-based IL electrolyte showed higher capacity values than pyrrolidinium ones, reaching 70 mAhg-1 . Our results demonstrate that PEDOT/lignin composites can serve as low cost and sustainable cathode materials for sodium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Casado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Matthias Hilder
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, IFM-Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, 3126, Australia
| | - Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, IFM-Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, 3126, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, IFM-Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, 3126, Australia
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
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Karlsson C, Suga T, Nishide H. Quantifying TEMPO Redox Polymer Charge Transport toward the Organic Radical Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10692-10698. [PMID: 28282111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To design new and better organic active battery materials in a rational fashion, fundamental parameters of the charge transport must be studied. Herein we report on the electronic conductivity by electron diffusion in a TEMPO-containing redox polymer, and the reorganization energy of the TEMPO self-exchange in an organic solvent is determined for the first time. The electronic conductivity was 8.5 μS/cm at E0 and corresponded to a redox hopping mechanism. The apparent electron diffusion coefficient was 1.9 × 10-9 cm2/s at room temperature, and at short times the ion diffusion was limiting with a diffusion coefficient of 6.5 × 10-10 cm2/s. The reorganization energy was determined to be 1.01 eV, indicating a rather polar chemical environment for the TEMPO groups. The implications for the usage of this type of materials in organic energy storage are discussed. As conductivity through 10 μm was demonstrated, we show that, if sufficient swellability can be ensured, charge can be transported through several micrometer thick layers in a battery electrode without any conducting additive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeo Suga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Li Y, Ni X. The Enhanced Supercapacitive Performance of the Hybrid Material Integrating Doped-Polymer with the Composite of Graphene Oxide and Mn 3 O 4. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Koch L, Polek A, Rudd S, Evans D. Macroscopic Electrical Wires from Vapor Deposited Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:65-70. [PMID: 28030759 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers represent a field of materials innovation that bridges the properties of metals (electrical conduction) with those of traditional polymers (mechanical flexibility). Although electronic properties have been studied, minimal attention is given to their mechanical properties such as tensile strength. This study presents macroscopic wires made from the vapor phase polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) using triblock copolymers as a molecular template. These macroscopic wires are conductive (up to 5 × 104 S/m), and possess tensile properties (Young's modulus ∼1.1 GPa; tensile strength ∼90 MPa) comparable to commercially available polymers (Nylon-6 and poly(methyl methacrylate)), without need for nonconductive mechanical fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Koch
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Thin Film Coatings Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Anna Polek
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Thin Film Coatings Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Sam Rudd
- Thin Film Coatings Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Drew Evans
- Thin Film Coatings Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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