1
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Deng Z, Choi SJ, Li G, Wang X. Advancing H 2O 2 electrosynthesis: enhancing electrochemical systems, unveiling emerging applications, and seizing opportunities. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8137-8181. [PMID: 39021095 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00412d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a highly desired chemical with a wide range of applications. Recent advancements in H2O2 synthesis center on the electrochemical reduction of oxygen, an environmentally friendly approach that facilitates on-site production. To successfully implement practical-scale, highly efficient electrosynthesis of H2O2, it is critical to meticulously explore both the design of catalytic materials and the engineering of other components of the electrochemical system, as they hold equal importance in this process. Development of promising electrocatalysts with outstanding selectivity and activity is a prerequisite for efficient H2O2 electrosynthesis, while well-configured electrolyzers determine the practical implementation of large-scale H2O2 production. In this review, we systematically summarize fundamental mechanisms and recent achievements in H2O2 electrosynthesis, including electrocatalyst design, electrode optimization, electrolyte engineering, reactor exploration, potential applications, and integrated systems, with an emphasis on active site identification and microenvironment regulation. This review also proposes new insights into the existing challenges and opportunities within this rapidly evolving field, together with perspectives on future development of H2O2 electrosynthesis and its industrial-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Deng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Seung Joon Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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2
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Zhao L, Yan R, Mao B, Paul R, Duan W, Dai L, Hu C. Advanced Nanocarbons Toward two-Electron Oxygen Electrode Reactions for H 2O 2 Production and Integrated Energy Conversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403029. [PMID: 38966884 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable technologies due to its eco-friendly oxidizing capability. The electrochemical two-electron (2e-) oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction present an environmentally green method for H2O2 production. Over the past three years, significant progress is made in the field of carbon-based metal-free electrochemical catalysts (C-MFECs) for low-cost and efficient production of H2O2 (H2O2EP). This article offers a focused and comprehensive review of designing C-MFECs for H2O2EP, exploring the construction of dual-doping configurations, heteroatom-defect coupling sites, and strategic dopant positioning to enhance H2O2EP efficiency; innovative structural tuning that improves interfacial reactant concentration and promote the timely release of H2O2; modulation of electrolyte and electrode interfaces to support the 2e- pathways; and the application of C-MFECs in reactors and integrated energy systems. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this burgeoning field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Riqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baoguang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rajib Paul
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Wenjie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liming Dai
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuangang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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3
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Sun P, Han B, Yu Z, Yao S, Liu J, Jiang R, Huang J, Hou Y, Zhang B, Li M, Mo R. Exploration of the mechanism of levofloxacin removal by N-doped-induced interfacial micro-electric field-activated persulfate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:36-51. [PMID: 38964123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The defects formed by N doping always coexist with pyrrole nitrogen (Po) and pyridine nitrogen (Pd), and the synergistic mechanisms of H2O2 production and PMS activation between the different Po: Pd are unknown. This paper synthesized MOF-derived carbon materials with different nitrogen-type ratios as cathode materials in an electro-Fenton system using precursors with different nitrogen-containing functional groups. Several catalysts with different Po: Pd ratios (0:4, 1:3, 2:2, 3:1, 4:0) were prepared, and the best catalyst for LEV degradation was FC-CN (Po: Pd=3:1). X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the introduction of nitrogen creates an interfacial micro-electric field (IMEF) in the carbon layer and the metal, accelerates the electron transfer from the carbon layer to the Co atoms, and promotes cycling between the Fe3+/Co2+ redox pairs, with the electron transfer reaching a maximum at Po: Pd = 3:1. FC-CN (Po: Pd=3:1) achieved more than 95 % LEV degradation in 90 min at pH = 3-9, with a lower energy consumption of 0.11 kWh m-3 order-1. and the energy consumption of the catalyst for LEV degradation is lower than that of those catalysts reported. In addition, the degradation pathway of LEV was proposed based on UPLC-MS and Fukui function. This study offers some valuable information for the application of MOF derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxin Sun
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Biao Han
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530020, China
| | - Zebin Yu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ronghua Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanping Hou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Boge Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Rongli Mo
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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4
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Lu T, Sun M, Wang F, Chen S, Li Y, Chen J, Liao X, Sun X, Liu Y, Wang F, Huang B, Wang H. Selective Oxidation of sp-Bonded Carbon in Graphdiyne/Carbon Nanotubes Heterostructures to Form Dominant Epoxy Groups for Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15035-15045. [PMID: 38796777 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) is of great significance to H2O2 production and reversible nonalkaline Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Multiple oxygen-containing sp2-bonded nanocarbons have been developed as electrocatalysts for 2e- ORR, but they still suffer from poor activity and stability due to the limited and mixed active sites at the edges as well as hydrophilic character. Herein, graphdiyne (GDY) with rich sp-C bonds is studied for enhanced 2e- ORR. First, computational studies show that GDY has a favorable formation energy for producing five-membered epoxy ring-dominated groups, which is selective toward the 2e- ORR pathway. Then based on the difference in chemical activity of sp-C bonds in GDY and sp2-C bonds in CNTs, we experimentally achieved conductive and hydrophobic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) covering O-modified GDY (CNTs/GDY-O) through a mild oxidation treatment combined with an in situ CNTs growth approach. Consequently, the CNTs/GDY-O exhibits an average Faraday efficiency of 91.8% toward H2O2 production and record stability over 330 h in neutral media. As a cathode electrocatalyst, it greatly extends the lifetime of 2e- nonalkaline ZABs at both room and subzero temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 000000, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Youzeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuelong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 000000, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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5
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Tuci G, Rossin A, Saki Z, Caporaso L, Liu Y, Centi G, Giambastiani G. The Still Elusive Role of Lightweight Doping in Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts for the Selective Oxygen Reduction Reaction to Hydrogen Peroxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400660. [PMID: 38847086 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The two-electron electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a valuable alternative to the more conventional and energy-intensive anthraquinone process. From a circularity viewpoint, metal-free catalysts constitute a sustainable alternative for the process. In particular, lightweight hetero-doped C-materials are cost-effective and easily scalable samples that replace - more and more frequently - the use of critical raw elements in the preparation of highly performing (electro)catalysts. Anyhow, their large-scale exploitation in industrial processes still suffers from technical limits of samples upscale and reproducibility other than a still moderate comprehension of their action mechanism in the process. This concept article offers a comprehensive and exhaustive "journey" through the most representative lightweight hetero-doped C-based electrocatalysts and their performance in the 2e- ORR process. It provides an interpretation of phenomena at the triple-phase interface of solid catalyst, liquid electrolyte and gaseous oxygen based on the doping-driven generation of ideal electronic microenvironments at the catalyst surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tuci
- Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Zeinab Saki
- Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- University of Salerno, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli"/DCB, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Gabriele Centi
- University of Messina, Department ChiBioFarA, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
- European Research Institute of Catalysis (ERIC aisbl), Rond Point Robert Schuman,14, B-1040, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" - DICUS - and INSTM Research Unit, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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6
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Mok DH, Back S, Siahrostami S. Validating ΔΔG Selectivity Descriptor for Electrosynthesis of H 2O 2 from Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404677. [PMID: 38513003 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding selectivity trends is a crucial hurdle in the developing innovative catalysts for generating hydrogen peroxide through the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR). The identification of selectivity patterns has been made more accessible through the introduction of a newly developed selectivity descriptor derived from thermodynamics, denoted as ΔΔG introduced in Chem Catal. 2023, 3(3), 100568. To validate the suitability of this parameter as a descriptor for 2e-ORR selectivity, we utilize an extensive library of 155 binary alloys. We validate that ΔΔG reliably depicts the selectivity trends in binary alloys reported for their high activity in the 2e-ORR. This analysis also enables the identification of nine selective 2e-ORR catalysts underscoring the efficacy of ΔΔG as 2e-ORR selectivity descriptor. This work highlights the significance of concurrently considering both selectivity and activity trends. This holistic approach is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding in the identification of high-performance catalyst materials for optimal efficiency in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Mok
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoin Back
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Samira Siahrostami
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C. V5 A 1S6, Canada
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Lin Z, Han Z, O'Connell GEP, Wan T, Zhang D, Ma Z, Chu D, Lu X. Graphene and MOF Assembly: Enhanced Fabrication and Functional Derivative via MOF Amorphization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312797. [PMID: 38288643 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The integration of graphene and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has numerous implications across various domains, but fabricating such assemblies is often complicated and time-consuming. Herein, a one-step preparation of graphene-MOF assembly is presented by directly impregnating vertical graphene (VG) arrays into the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) precursors under ambient conditions. This approach can effectively assemble multiple ZIFs, including ZIF-7, ZIF-8, and ZIF-67, resulting in their uniform dispersion on the VG with adjustable sizes and shapes. Hydrogen defects on the VG surface are critical in inducing such high-efficiency ZIF assembly, acting as the reactive sites to interact with the ZIF precursors and facilitate their crystallisation. The versatility of VG-ZIF-67 assembly is further demonstrated by exploring the process of MOF amorphization. Surprisingly, this process leads to an amorphous thin-film coating formed on VG (named VG-IL-amZIF-67), which preserves the short-range molecular bonds of crystalline ZIF-67 while sacrificing the long-range order. Such a unique film-on-graphene architecture maintains the essential characteristics and functionalities of ZIF-67 within a disordered arrangement, making it well-suited for electrocatalysis. In electrochemical oxygen reduction, VG-IL-amZIF-67 exhibits exceptional activity, selectivity, and stability to produce H2O2 in acid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeheng Lin
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhaojun Han
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales, 2070, Australia
| | - George E P O'Connell
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Ding Zhang
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhipeng Ma
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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Fajardo-Puerto E, López-García N, Elmouwahidi A, Bailón-García E, Carrasco-Marín F, Ramírez-Valencia LD, Pérez-Cadenas AF. Size Control of Carbon Xerogel Spheres as Key Factor Governing the H 2O 2 Selectivity in Metal-Free Bifunctional Electro-Fenton Catalysts for Tetracycline Degradation. Gels 2024; 10:306. [PMID: 38786223 PMCID: PMC11121276 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon xerogel spheres co-doped with nitrogen and eco-graphene were synthesized using a typical solvothermal method. The results indicate that the incorporation of eco-graphene enhances the electrochemical properties, such as the current density (JK) and the selectivity for the four transferred electrons (n). Additionally, nitrogen doping has a significant effect on the degradation efficiency, varying with the size of the carbon xerogel spheres, which could be attributed to the type of nitrogenous group doped in the carbon material. The degradation efficiency improved in the nanometric spheres (48.3% to 61.6%) but decreased in the micrometric-scale spheres (58.6% to 53.4%). This effect was attributed to the N-functional groups present in each sample, with N-CNS-5 exhibiting a higher percentage of graphitic nitrogen (35.7%) compared to N-CMS-5 (15.3%). These findings highlight the critical role of sphere size in determining the type of N-functional groups present in the sample. leading to enhanced degradation of pollutants as a result of the electro-Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Fajardo-Puerto
- Materiales Polifuncionales Basados en Carbono, Departamento de Química Inorgánica—Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente—Universidad de Granada (UEQ-UGR), 18071 Granada, Spain; (N.L.-G.); (A.E.); (F.C.-M.); (L.D.R.-V.); (A.F.P.-C.)
| | | | | | - Esther Bailón-García
- Materiales Polifuncionales Basados en Carbono, Departamento de Química Inorgánica—Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente—Universidad de Granada (UEQ-UGR), 18071 Granada, Spain; (N.L.-G.); (A.E.); (F.C.-M.); (L.D.R.-V.); (A.F.P.-C.)
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9
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Xiao Y, Shen C, Sun C, Yang Y, Yang X, Han L. Screening Efficient C-N Coupling Catalysts for Electrosynthesis of Acetamide and Output Ammonia through a Cascade Strategy of Electrochemical CO 2 and N 2 Reduction Using Cu-Based Nitrogen-Carbon Nanosheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38417104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Due to the limitation of the high-value-added products obtained from electrocatalytic CO2 reduction within an acid environment, introducing additional elements can expand the diversity of the products obtained during the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Thus, coelectroreduction of CO2 and N2 is a new strategy for producing acetamide (CH3CONH2) via both C-C and C-N bond coupling using Cu-based nitrogen-carbon nanosheets. CO2 can reduce to CO, and a key ketene (*C═C═O) can be generated from *CO*CO dimerization; this ketene is postulated as an intermediate in the formation of acetamide. However, most studies focus on promoting the C-C bond formation. Here, we propose that C-N bond coupling can form acetamide through the interaction of *C═C═O with NH3. The acetamide is formed via a nucleophilic attack between *NH3 and the *C═C═O intermediate. The C-N coupling mechanism was successfully applied to expand the variety of nitrogen-containing products obtained from CO2 and N2 coreduction. Thus, we successfully screened Cu2-based graphite and Cu-based C3N4 as catalysts that can produce C2+ compounds by integrating CO dimerization with acetamide synthesis. In addition, we observed that Cu2-based C2N and Cu-based C3N4 catalysts are suitable for the NRR. Cu-based C3N4 showed high CO2RR and NRR activities with small negative limiting potential (UL) values of -0.83 and -0.58 V compared to those of other candidates, respectively. The formation of *COHCOH from *COHCO was considered the rate-determining step (RDS) during acetamide electrosynthesis. The limiting potential value of Cu2-based C2N was only -0.46 V for NH3 synthesis, and the formation of *NNH was via the RDS via an alternating path. The adsorption energy difference analysis both CO2 and N2 compare with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), suggesting that Cu2-based C2N exhibited the highest CO2RR and NRR selectivity among the 13 analyzed catalysts. The results of this study provide innovative insights into the design principle of Cu-based nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts for generating highly efficient C-N coupling products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Chen Shen
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yibing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
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10
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Wang N, Ma S, Zhang R, Wang L, Wang Y, Yang L, Li J, Guan F, Duan J, Hou B. Regulating N Species in N-Doped Carbon Electro-Catalysts for High-Efficiency Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Simulated Seawater. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302446. [PMID: 37767950 PMCID: PMC10625060 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an attractive and alternative route for the on-site production of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). The electrochemical synthesis of H2 O2 in neutral electrolyte is in early studying stage and promising in ocean-energy application. Herein, N-doped carbon materials (N-Cx ) with different N types are prepared through the pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. The N-Cx catalysts, especially N-C800 , exhibit an attracting 2e- ORR catalytic activity, corresponding to a high H2 O2 selectivity (≈95%) and preferable stability in 0.5 m NaCl solution. Additionally, the N-C800 possesses an attractive H2 O2 production amount up to 631.2 mmol g-1 h-1 and high Faraday efficiency (79.8%) in H-type cell. The remarkable 2e- ORR electrocatalytic performance of N-Cx catalysts is associated with the N species and N content in the materials. Density functional theory calculations suggest carbon atoms adjacent to graphitic N are the main catalytic sites and exhibit a smaller activation energy, which are more responsible than those in pyridinic N and pyrrolic N doped carbon materials. Furthermore, the N-C800 catalyst demonstrates an effective antibacterial performance for marine bacteria in simulated seawater. This work provides a new insight for electro-generation of H2 O2 in neutral electrolyte and triggers a great promise in ocean-energy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
| | - Shaobo Ma
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy ConversionInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Ruiyong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
| | - Lifei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
| | - Yanan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
| | - Lihui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
| | - Jianhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
| | - Fang Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
| | - Jizhou Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
| | - Baorong Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
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11
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Zhang Q, Chen Y, Pan J, Daiyan R, Lovell EC, Yun J, Amal R, Lu X. Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide through Selective Oxygen Reduction: A Carbon Innovation from Active Site Engineering to Device Design. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302338. [PMID: 37267930 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) through the selective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a promising alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone method, while its success relies largely on the development of efficient electrocatalyst. Currently, carbon-based materials (CMs) are the most widely studied electrocatalysts for electrosynthesis of H2 O2 via ORR due to their low cost, earth abundance, and tunable catalytic properties. To achieve a high 2e- ORR selectivity, great progress is made in promoting the performance of carbon-based electrocatalysts and unveiling their underlying catalytic mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive review in the field is presented by summarizing the recent advances in CMs for H2 O2 production, focusing on the design, fabrication, and mechanism investigations over the catalytic active moieties, where an enhancement effect of defect engineering or heteroatom doping on H2 O2 selectivity is discussed thoroughly. Particularly, the influence of functional groups on CMs for a 2e- -pathway is highlighted. Further, for commercial perspectives, the significance of reactor design for decentralized H2 O2 production is emphasized, bridging the gap between intrinsic catalytic properties and apparent productivity in electrochemical devices. Finally, major challenges and opportunities for the practical electrosynthesis of H2 O2 and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingran Zhang
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Emma C Lovell
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jimmy Yun
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, P. R. China
- Qingdao International Academician Park Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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12
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Jiang K, Li Z, Yu Y, Li J, Ma Z, Wei H, Chu H. SO x-modified porous carbon as a highly active electrocatalyst for efficient H 2O 2 generation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10271-10274. [PMID: 37538047 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02513f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A SOx-decorated porous carbon electrocatalyst that exhibits excellent 2e- oxygen reduction reaction activity is synthesized using UV-curing technology in combination with a pyrolysis process. The H2O2 selectivity using the SOx-porous C shows 95.1% at 0.4 V and delivers a H2O2 production rate of 604.2 mmol gcat-1 h-1. Density-functional theory calculations reveal the reasons for the improvement of catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhenyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Jiefei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhuoyuan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Haibin Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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13
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Li B, Lan M, Liu L, Wang D, Yang S, Sun Y, Xiao F, Xiao J. Continuous On-Site H 2O 2 Electrosynthesis via Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Enabled by an Oxygen-Doped Single-Cobalt Atom Catalyst with Nitrogen Coordination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37619-37628. [PMID: 37489939 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Single-Co atom catalysts are suggested as an efficient platinum metal group-free catalyst for promoting the oxygen reduction into water or hydrogen peroxide, while the relevance of the catalyst structure and selectivity is still ambiguous. Here, we propose a thermal evaporation method for modulating the chemical environment of single-Co atom catalysts and unveil the effect on the selectivity and activity. It discloses that nitrogen functional groups prefer to proceed the oxygen reduction via a 4e- pathway and notably improve the intrinsic activity, especially when being coordinated with the Co center, while oxygen doping tempts the electron delocalization around cobalt sites and decreases the binding force toward HOO* intermediates, thereby increasing the 2e- selectivity. Consequently, the well-designed oxygen-doped single-Co atom catalysts with nitrogen coordination deliver an impressive 2e- oxygen reduction performance, approaching the onset potential of 0.78 V vs RHE and selectivity of >90%. As an impressive cathode catalyst of an electrochemical flow cell, it generates H2O2 at a rate of 880 mmol gcat-1 h-1 and faradaic efficiency of 95.2%, in combination with an efficient nickel-iron oxygen evolution anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Minqiu Lan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liangsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Shengxiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Junwu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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14
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Wittmar ASM, Vigneswaran T, Ranković N, Hagemann U, Hartmann N, Martínez-Hincapié R, Čolić V, Ulbricht M. N-Doped porous carbons obtained from chitosan and spent coffee as electrocatalysts with tuneable oxygen reduction reaction selectivity for H 2O 2 generation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22777-22788. [PMID: 37520102 PMCID: PMC10372475 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02587j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing porous carbons prepared by the pyrolysis of adequate biopolymer-based precursors have shown potential in several electrochemical energy-related applications. However, it is still of crucial interest to find the optimal precursors and process conditions which would allow the preparation of carbons with adequate porous structure as well as suitable nitrogen content and distribution of functional groups. In the present work we suggested a straightforward approach to prepare N-doped porous carbons by direct pyrolysis under nitrogen of chitosan : coffee blends of different compositions and using KOH for simultaneous surface activation. The synthetized carbon materials were tested for the electrochemical oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A higher fraction of chitosan in the precursor led to a decrease in meso- and nano-porosity of the formed porous carbons, while their activity towards H2O2 generation increased. The nitrogen species derived from chitosan seem to play a very important role. Out of the synthesized catalysts the one with the largest content of pyridinic nitrogen sites exhibited the highest faradaic efficiency. The faradaic efficiencies and current densities of the synthesized materials were comparable with the ones of other commercially available carbons obtained from less renewable precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S M Wittmar
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstr. 745141 Essen Germany
- NETZ - NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum, CENIDE - Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Thaarmikaa Vigneswaran
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstr. 745141 Essen Germany
| | - Nikola Ranković
- Electrochemistry for Energy Conversion, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany,
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Ulrich Hagemann
- NETZ - NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum, CENIDE - Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- NETZ - NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum, CENIDE - Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Hincapié
- NETZ - NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum, CENIDE - Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Electrochemistry for Energy Conversion, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany,
| | - Viktor Čolić
- NETZ - NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum, CENIDE - Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Electrochemistry for Energy Conversion, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany,
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstr. 745141 Essen Germany
- NETZ - NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum, CENIDE - Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
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15
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Li M, Bai L, Jiang S, Sillanpää M, Huang Y, Liu Y. Electrocatalytic transformation of oxygen to hydroxyl radicals via three-electron pathway using nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube-encapsulated nickel nanocatalysts for effective organic decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131352. [PMID: 37027919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The selective electrochemical reduction of oxygen (O2) via 3e- pathway for the production of hydroxyl radicals (HO) is a promising alternative to conventional electro-Fenton process. Here, we developed a nitrogen-doped CNT-encapsulated Ni nanoparticle electrocatalyst (Ni@N-CNT) with high O2 reduction selectivity for the generation of HO•via 3e- pathway. Exposed graphitized N on the CNT shell, and Ni nanoparticles encapsulated within the tip of the N-CNT, played a key role in the generation of H2O2 intermediate (*HOOH) via a 2e- oxygen reduction reaction. Meanwhile, those encapsulated Ni nanoparticles at the tip of the N-CNT facilitated the sequential HO• generation by directly decomposing the electrogenerated *H2O2 in a 1e- reduction reaction on the N-CNT shell without inducing Fenton reaction. Improved bisphenol A (BPA) degradation efficiency were observed when compared with conventional batch system (97.5% vs 66.4%). Trials using Ni@N-CNT in a flow-through configuration demonstrated a complete removal of BPA within 30 min (k = 0.12 min-1) with a limited energy consumption of 0.068 kW·h·g-1 TOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohua Li
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Liang Bai
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Shengtao Jiang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Yingping Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
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16
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Liu L, Kang L, Chutia A, Feng J, Michalska M, Ferrer P, Grinter DC, Held G, Tan Y, Zhao F, Guo F, Hopkinson DG, Allen CS, Hou Y, Gu J, Papakonstantinou I, Shearing PR, Brett DJL, Parkin IP, He G. Spectroscopic Identification of Active Sites of Oxygen-Doped Carbon for Selective Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303525. [PMID: 36929681 PMCID: PMC10947142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) via a two-electron (2 e- ) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process provides a promising alternative to replace the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. Herein, we develop a facile template-protected strategy to synthesize a highly active quinone-rich porous carbon catalyst for H2 O2 electrochemical production. The optimized PCC900 material exhibits remarkable activity and selectivity, of which the onset potential reaches 0.83 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M KOH and the H2 O2 selectivity is over 95 % in a wide potential range. Comprehensive synchrotron-based near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy combined with electrocatalytic characterizations reveals the positive correlation between quinone content and 2 e- ORR performance. The effectiveness of chair-form quinone groups as the most efficient active sites is highlighted by the molecule-mimic strategy and theoretical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiang Liu
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Liqun Kang
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | | | - Jianrui Feng
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Martyna Michalska
- Photonic Innovations LabDepartment of Electronic & Electrical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light SourceRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell, DidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - David C. Grinter
- Diamond Light SourceRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell, DidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Georg Held
- Diamond Light SourceRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell, DidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Yeshu Tan
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Fangjia Zhao
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Fei Guo
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - David G. Hopkinson
- electron Physical Science Imaging CentreRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell, DidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Christopher S. Allen
- electron Physical Science Imaging CentreRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell, DidcotOX11 0DEUK
- Department of MaterialsUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PHUK
| | - Yanbei Hou
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate LaboratorySchool of Mechanical and AerospaceNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Junwen Gu
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic Innovations LabDepartment of Electronic & Electrical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | - Paul R. Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation LabDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | - Dan J. L. Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation LabDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Guanjie He
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
- Electrochemical Innovation LabDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
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17
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Xiong J, Zhang S, Ke L, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Cui X, Dai A, Xu C, Cobb K, Liu Y, Ruan R, Wang Y. Research progress on pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing biomass for fuels, materials, and chemicals production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162214. [PMID: 36796688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing biomass holds tremendous potential for producing varieties of high value-added products, alleviating energy depletion. Based on the research status about nitrogen-containing biomass pyrolysis, the effect of biomass feedstock composition on pyrolysis products is first introduced from the aspects of elemental analysis, proximate analysis, and biochemical composition. The properties of biomass with high and low nitrogen used in pyrolysis are briefly summarized. Then, with the pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing biomass as the core, biofuel characteristics, nitrogen migration during pyrolysis, the application prospects, unique advantages of nitrogen-doped carbon materials for catalysis, adsorption and energy storage are introduced, as well as their feasibility in producing nitrogen-containing chemicals (acetonitrile and nitrogen heterocyclic) are reviewed. The future outlook for the application of the pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing biomass, specifically, how to realize the denitrification and upgrading of bio-oil, performance improvement of nitrogen-doped carbon materials, as well as separation and purification of nitrogen-containing chemicals, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Linyao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Anqi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chuangxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Kirk Cobb
- Center for Biorefining, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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18
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Guo Y, Tong X, Yang N. Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide: Principles, Catalyst Design and Performance. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:77. [PMID: 36976372 PMCID: PMC10050521 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a high-demand organic chemical reagent and has been widely used in various modern industrial applications. Currently, the prominent method for the preparation of H2O2 is the anthraquinone oxidation. Unfortunately, it is not conducive to economic and sustainable development since it is a complex process and involves unfriendly environment and potential hazards. In this context, numerous approaches have been developed to synthesize H2O2. Among them, photo/electro-catalytic ones are considered as two of the most promising manners for on-site synthesis of H2O2. These alternatives are sustainable in that only water or O2 is required. Namely, water oxidation (WOR) or oxygen reduction (ORR) reactions can be further coupled with clean and sustainable energy. For photo/electro-catalytic reactions for H2O2 generation, the design of the catalysts is extremely important and has been extensively conducted with an aim to obtain ultimate catalytic performance. This article overviews the basic principles of WOR and ORR, followed by the summary of recent progresses and achievements on the design and performance of various photo/electro-catalysts for H2O2 generation. The related mechanisms for these approaches are highlighted from theoretical and experimental aspects. Scientific challenges and opportunities of engineering photo/electro-catalysts for H2O2 generation are also outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xili Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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19
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Wu F, Nan J, Wang T, Ge Z, Liu B, Chen M, Ye X. Highly selective electrosynthesis of H 2O 2 by N, O co-doped graphite nanosheets for efficient electro-Fenton degradation of p-nitrophenol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130733. [PMID: 36630877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The activity and selectivity of the cathode towards electrosynthesis of H2O2 are critical for electro-Fenton process. Herein, nickel-foam modified with N, O co-doped graphite nanosheets (NO-GNSs/Ni-F) was developed as a cathode for highly efficient and selective electrosynthesis of H2O2. Expectedly, the accumulation of H2O2 at pH= 3 reached 494.2 mg L-1 h-1, with the selectivity toward H2O2 generation reaching 93.0%. The synergistic effect of different oxygen-containing functional groups and N species on the performance and selectivity of H2O2 electrosynthesis was investigated by density functional theory calculations, and the combination of epoxy and graphitic N (EP + N) was identified as the most favorable configuration with the lowest theoretical overpotential for H2O2 generation. Moreover, NO-GNSs/Ni-F was applied in the electro-Fenton process for p-nitrophenol degradation, resulting in 100% removal within 15 min with the kinetic rate constant of 0.446 min-1 and 97.6% mineralization within 6 h. The efficient removal was mainly attributed to the generation of bulk ·OH. Furthermore, NO-GNSs/Ni-F exhibited excellent stability. This work provides a workable option for the enhancement of H2O2 accumulation and the efficient degradation of pollutants in electro-Fenton system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis, Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhencheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Bohan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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20
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Chavez M, Biset-Peiró M, Murcia-López S, Morante JR. Cu 2O-Cu@Titanium Surface with Synergistic Performance for Nitrate-to-Ammonia Electrochemical Reduction. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:3633-3643. [PMID: 36911876 PMCID: PMC9993578 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals, such as titanium (Ti) and copper (Cu) along with their respective metal oxides (TiO2, Cu2O, and CuO), have been widely studied as electrocatalysts for nitrate electrochemical reduction with important outcomes in the fields of denitrification and ammonia generation. Based on this, this work conducted an evaluation of a composite electrode that integrates materials with different intrinsic activities (i.e., Cu and Cu2O for higher activity for nitrate conversion; Ti for higher faradaic efficiency to ammonia) looking for potential synergistic effects in the direction of ammonia generation. The specific performance of single-metal and composite electrodes has shown a strong dependence on pH and nitrate concentration conditions. Faradaic efficiency to ammonia of 92% and productivities of 0.28 mmolNH3 ·cm-2·h-1 at 0.5 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) values are achieved, demonstrating the implicit potential of this approach in comparison to direct N2RR with values in the order of μmolNH3 ·h-1·cm-2. Finally, the electrochemical rate constants (k) for Ti, Cu, and Cu2O-Cu/Ti disk electrodes were determined by the Koutecky-Levich analysis with a rotating disk electrode (RDE) in 3.02 × 10-6, 3.88 × 10-4, and 4.77 × 10-4 cm·s-1 demonstrating an apparent synergistic effect for selective NiRR to ammonia with a Cu2O-Cu/Ti electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo
Eduardo Chavez
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Sant Adrià de Besós 08930, Spain
| | - Martí Biset-Peiró
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Sant Adrià de Besós 08930, Spain
| | - Sebastián Murcia-López
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Sant Adrià de Besós 08930, Spain
| | - Joan Ramon Morante
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Sant Adrià de Besós 08930, Spain
- Facultat
de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franqués,
1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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21
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Wang Y, Huang H, Wu J, Yang H, Kang Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, Menezes PW, Chen Z. Charge-Polarized Selenium Vacancy in Nickel Diselenide Enabling Efficient and Stable Electrocatalytic Conversion of Oxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205347. [PMID: 36479607 PMCID: PMC9896043 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vacancy engineering is deemed as one of the powerful protocols to tune the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts. Herein, Se-vacancy with charge polarization is created in the NiSe2 structure (NiSe2 -VSe ) via a sequential phase conversion strategy. By a combined analysis of the Rietveld method, transient photovoltage spectra (TPV), in situ Raman and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, it is unequivocally discovered that the presence of charge-polarized Se-vacancy is beneficial for stabilizing the structure, decreasing the electron transfer kinetics, as well as optimizing the free adsorption energy of reaction intermediate during two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR). Benefiting from these merits, the as-prepared NiSe2 -VSe delivered the highest selectivity of 96% toward H2 O2 in alkaline media, together with a selectivity higher than 90% over the wide potential range from 0.25 to 0.55 V, ranking it in the top level among the previously reported transition metal-based electrocatalysts. Most notably, it also displayed admirable stability with only a slight selectivity decay after 5000 cycles of accelerated degradation test (ADT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Zhaowu Wang
- School of Physics and EngineeringHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang471023P. R. China
| | - Prashanth W. Menezes
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
- Material Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis ‐ CatLabHelmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert‐Einstein‐Str. 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Ziliang Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
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22
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Whitcomb CA, Sviripa A, Schapowal MI, Mamedov K, Unocic RR, Paolucci C, Davis RJ. Mechanistic Insights on the Low-Temperature Oxidation of CO Catalyzed by Isolated Co Ions in N-Doped Carbon. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colby A. Whitcomb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia22903, United States
| | - Anna Sviripa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia22903, United States
| | - Michael I. Schapowal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia22903, United States
| | - Konstantin Mamedov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia22903, United States
| | - Raymond R. Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
| | - Christopher Paolucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia22903, United States
| | - Robert J. Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia22903, United States
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23
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Qiang H, Shi M, Wang F, Xia M. Green synthesis of high N-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanogranules with ultra-high specific surface area and porosity for capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Fu D, Zhu Y, Chen L, Cui Y, Bao D, Sun Y, Zhang M, Wang H. High-performance Co-PDA-CF catalyst fabrication and lifetime prediction model for electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Probing the relationship between bulk and local environments to understand impacts on electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Fortunato GV, Kronka MS, Cardoso ES, dos Santos AJ, Roveda AC, Lima FH, Ledendecker M, Maia G, Lanza MR. A comprehensive comparison of oxygen and nitrogen functionalities in carbon and their implications for the oxygen reduction reaction. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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27
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Xu S, Lu R, Sun K, Tang J, Cen Y, Luo L, Wang Z, Tian S, Sun X. Synergistic Effects in N,O-Comodified Carbon Nanotubes Boost Highly Selective Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction to H 2 O 2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201421. [PMID: 35901499 PMCID: PMC9507382 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a promising route for renewable and on-site H2 O2 production. Oxygen-rich carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated their high selectivity (≈80%), yet tailoring the composition and structure of carbon nanotubes to further enhance the selectivity and widen working voltage range remains a challenge. Herein, combining formamide condensation coating and mild temperature calcination, a nitrogen and oxygen comodified carbon nanotubes (N,O-CNTs) electrocatalyst is synthesized, which shows excellent selective (>95%) H2 O2 selectivity in a wide voltage range (from 0 to 0.65 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode). It is significantly superior to the corresponding selectivity values of CNTs (≈50% in 0-0.65 V vs RHE) and O-CNTs (≈80% in 0.3-0.65 V vs RHE). Density functional theory calculations revealed that the C neighbouring to N is the active site. Introducing O-related species can strengthen the adsorption of intermediates *OOH, while N-doping can weaken the adsorption of in situ generated *O and optimize the *OOH adsorption energy, thus improving the 2-electron pathway. With optimized N,O-CNTs catalysts, a Janus electrode is designed by adjusting the asymmetric wettability to achieve H2 O2 productivity of 264.8 mol kgcat -1 h-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Ruihu Lu
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of AucklandAuckland1010New Zealand
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Jialun Tang
- State Power Investment Corporation hydrogen energy Co., Ltd.Beijing100029China
| | - Yaping Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of AucklandAuckland1010New Zealand
| | - Shubo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
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28
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Zhang T, Sun L, Sun X, Dong H, Yu H, Yu H. Radical and non-radical cooperative degradation in metal-free electro-Fenton based on nitrogen self-doped biochar. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129063. [PMID: 35650745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To achieve sustainable metal-free electron-Fenton, N self-doped biochar air-cathode (BCAC) was prepared by pyrolyzing coffee residues. During the pyrolysis process, the endogenous N transformed from edge-doping to graphite-doping. Particularly, N vacancies started to evolve when the peak temperature exceeded 700 °C. A high Tetracycline removal rate of 70.42% was obtained on the BCAC at the current density of 4 mA cm-2. Quenching tests incorporated with ESR spectroscopy were adopted to identify the specific oxidants produced on the cathode. The results showed that •OH (37.36%), •O2- (29.67%) and 1O2 (24.17%) played comparable role in the tetracycline removal, suggesting the coexist of radical and non-radical oxidants in our electro-Fenton system. According to the structure characterization and the DFT calculation, graphitic N was suggested as the critical site for H2O2 generation, and both graphitic N and pyridinic N were electroactive sites for H2O2 activation to •OH. Graphitic N and N vacancies with stronger capabilities in O2 adsorption and electron-trapping were proposed as the electroactive sites for 1O2 and •O2- formation. This work predicts a novel electro-Fenton process with cooperative radical and non-radical degradation on N self-doped carbonaceous catalysts at a mild condition, which is extremely meaningful for boosting sustainable electro-Fenton technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Heng Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Han Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China; Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Hongbing Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
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29
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High-Efficiency Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Oxidized Mo2TiC2 MXene. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e−ORR) pathway electrochemical synthesis to H2O2 has the advantages of low investment and environmental protection and is considered to be a promising green method. Herein, the oxidized Mo2TiC2 MXene (O-Mo2TiC2) was successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method as an electrocatalyst in electrocatalytic H2O2 production. The O-Mo2TiC2 achieved the 90% of H2O2 selectivity and 0.72 V vs. RHE of the onset potential. Moreover, O-Mo2TiC2 showed high charge transfer ability and long-term stable working ability of 40 h. This significantly enhanced electrocatalytic H2O2 production capacity is assigned the oxidation treatment of Mo2TiC2 MXene to generate more oxygen-containing groups in O-Mo2TiC2. This work provides a promising catalyst candidate for the electrochemical synthesis of H2O2.
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30
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Three-dimensional functional carbon nanotube architecture as a highly efficient and active indirect catalyst for degradation of 4-chlorophenol. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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An J, Feng Y, Zhao Q, Wang X, Liu J, Li N. Electrosynthesis of H 2O 2 through a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction by carbon based catalysts: From mechanism, catalyst design to electrode fabrication. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 11:100170. [PMID: 36158761 PMCID: PMC9488048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an efficient oxidant with multiple uses ranging from chemical synthesis to wastewater treatment. The in-situ H2O2 production via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) will bring H2O2 beyond its current applications. The development of carbon materials offers the hope for obtaining inexpensive and high-performance alternatives to substitute noble-metal catalysts in order to provide a full and comprehensive picture of the current state of the art treatments and inspire new research in this area. Herein, the most up-to-date findings in theoretical predictions, synthetic methodologies, and experimental investigations of carbon-based catalysts are systematically summarized. Various electrode fabrication and modification methods were also introduced and compared, along with our original research on the air-breathing cathode and three-phase interface theory inside a porous electrode. In addition, our current understanding of the challenges, future directions, and suggestions on the carbon-based catalyst designs and electrode fabrication are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun An
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Environment and Ecology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Environment and Ecology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Environment and Ecology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Environment and Ecology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
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32
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Yang X, Zeng Y, Alnoush W, Hou Y, Higgins D, Wu G. Tuning Two-Electron Oxygen-Reduction Pathways for H 2 O 2 Electrosynthesis via Engineering Atomically Dispersed Single Metal Site Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107954. [PMID: 35133688 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) generation via the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under ambient conditions is emerging as an alternative and green strategy to the traditional energy-intensive anthraquinone process and unsafe direct synthesis using H2 and O2 . It enables on-site and decentralized H2 O2 production using air and renewable electricity for various applications. Currently, atomically dispersed single metal site catalysts have emerged as the most promising platinum group metal (PGM)-free electrocatalysts for the ORR. Further tuning their central metal sites, coordination environments, and local structures can be highly active and selective for H2 O2 production via the 2e- ORR. Herein, recent methodologies and achievements on developing single metal site catalysts for selective O2 to H2 O2 reduction are summarized. Combined with theoretical computation and advanced characterization, a structure-property correlation to guide rational catalyst design with a favorable 2e- ORR process is aimed to provide. Due to the oxidative nature of H2 O2 and the derived free radicals, catalyst stability and effective solutions to improve catalyst tolerance to H2 O2 are emphasized. Transferring intrinsic catalyst properties to electrode performance for viable applications always remains a grand challenge. The key performance metrics and knowledge during the electrolyzer development are, therefore, highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yachao Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Wajdi Alnoush
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Drew Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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33
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Zhang C, Liu G, Long Q, Wu C, Wang L. Tailoring surface carboxyl groups of mesoporous carbon boosts electrochemical H 2O 2 production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:849-859. [PMID: 35561605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-doped porous carbon materials have been shown promising performance for electrochemical two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR), an efficient approach for the safe and continuous on-site generation of H2O2. The regulation and mechanism understanding of active oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs) remain great challenges. Here, OFGs modified porous carbon were prepared by thermal oxidation (MC-12-Air), HNO3 oxidation (MC-12-HNO3) and H2O2 solution hydrothermal treatment (MC-12-H2O2), respectively. Structural characterization showed that the oxygen doping content of three catalysts reached about 20%, with the almost completely maintained specific surface area (exception of MC-12- HNO3). Spectroscopic characterization further revealed that hydroxyl groups are mainly introduced into MC-12-Air, while carboxyl groups are mainly introduced into MC-12- HNO3 and MC-12- H2O2. Compared with the pristine catalyst, three oxygen-functionalized catalysts showed enhanced activity and H2O2 selectivity in 2e- ORR. Among them, MC-12-H2O2 exhibited the highest catalytic activity and selectivity of 94 %, as well as a considerable HO2- accumulation of 46.2 mmol L-1 and excellent stability in an extended test over 36 h in a H-cell. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated the promotion of OFGs on ORR kinetics and the greater contribution of carboxyl groups to the intrinsically catalytic activity. DFT calculations confirmed that the electrons are transferred from carboxyl groups to adjacent carbon and the enhanced adsorption strength toward *OOH intermediate, leading to a lower energy barrier for forming *OOH on carboxyl terminated carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Quanfu Long
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China.
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34
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Xu H, Lv XH, Wang HY, Ye JY, Yuan J, Wang YC, Zhou ZY, Sun SG. Impact of Pore Structure on Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials: Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode vs. Flow Cell. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102587. [PMID: 35102711 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pore structure on the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in nitrogen-doped carbon materials is currently under debate, and previous studies are mainly limited to the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) rather than the practical flow cell (FC) system. In this study, assisted by a group of reliable pore models, the impact of two pore structure parameters, that is, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (SBET ) and micropore surface fraction (fmicro ), on ORR activity and selectivity are investigated in both RRDE and FC. The ORR mass activity correlates positively to the SBET in the RRDE and FC because a higher SBET can host more active sites. The H2 O2 selectivity is independent of fmicro in the RRDE but correlates negatively to fmicro in the FC. The inconsistency results from different states of the electrode in the RRDE and the FC. These insights will guide the design of carbon materials for H2 O2 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Hui Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yu Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Mazzucato M, Daniel G, Perazzolo V, Brandiele R, Rizzi GA, Isse AA, Gennaro A, Durante C. Mesoporosity and nitrogen doping: The leading effect in oxygen reduction reaction activity and selectivity at nitrogen‐doped carbons prepared by using polyethylene oxide‐block‐polystyrene as a sacrificial template. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mazzucato
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Giorgia Daniel
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
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36
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Fortunato GV, Bezerra LS, Cardoso ESF, Kronka MS, Santos AJ, Greco AS, Júnior JLR, Lanza MRV, Maia G. Using Palladium and Gold Palladium Nanoparticles Decorated with Molybdenum Oxide for Versatile Hydrogen Peroxide Electroproduction on Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6777-6793. [PMID: 35080174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic production of H2O2 via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR-2e-) is regarded as a highly promising decentralized and environmentally friendly mechanism for the production of this important chemical commodity. However, the underlying challenges related to the development of catalytic materials that contain zero or low content of noble metals and that are relatively more active, selective, and resistant for long-term use have become a huge obstacle for the electroproduction of H2O2 on commercial and industrial scales. The present study reports the synthesis and characterization of low metal-loaded (≤6.4 wt %) catalysts and their efficiency in H2O2 electroproduction. The catalysts were constructed using gold palladium molybdenum oxide (AuPdMoOx) and palladium molybdenum oxide (PdMoOx) nanoparticles supported on graphene nanoribbons. Based on the application of a rotating ring-disk electrode, we conducted a thorough comparative analysis of the electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts in the ORR under acidic and alkaline media. The proposed catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity (ca. 0.08 mA gnoble metal-1 in an acidic medium and ca. 6.6 mA gnoble metal-1 in an alkaline medium), good selectivity (over 80%), and improved long-term stability toward ORR-2e-. The results obtained showed that the enhanced ORR activity presented by the catalysts, which occurred preferentially via the two-electron pathway, was promoted by a combination of factors including geometry, Pd content, interparticle distance, and site-blocking effects, while the electrochemical stability of the catalysts may have been enhanced by the presence of MoOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme V Fortunato
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Leticia S Bezerra
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S F Cardoso
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Matheus S Kronka
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro J Santos
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Greco
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Jorge L R Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Marcos R V Lanza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Maia
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
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37
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Zhang D, Tsounis C, Ma Z, Djaidiguna D, Bedford NM, Thomsen L, Lu X, Chu D, Amal R, Han Z. Highly Selective Metal-Free Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide on Functionalized Vertical Graphene Edges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105082. [PMID: 34741413 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is an attractive alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone oxidation process. Metal-free carbon-based materials such as graphene show great promise as efficient electrocatalysts in alkaline media. In particular, the graphene edges possess superior electrochemical properties than the basal plane. However, identification and enhancement of the catalytically active sites at the edges remain challenging. Furthermore, control of surface wettability to enhance gas diffusion and promote the performance in bulk electrolysis is largely unexplored. Here, a metal-free edge-rich vertical graphene catalyst is synthesized and exhibits a superior performance for H2 O2 production, with a high onset potential (0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 0.1 mA cm-2 ) and 100% Faradaic efficiency at various potentials. By tailoring the oxygen-containing functional groups using various techniques of electrochemical oxidation, thermal annealing and oxygen plasma post-treatment, the edge-bound in-plane ether-type (COC) groups are revealed to account for the superior catalytic performance. To manipulate the surface wettability, a simple vacuum-based method is developed to effectively induce material hydrophobicity by accelerating hydrocarbon adsorption. The increased hydrophobicity greatly enhances gas transfer without compromising the Faradaic efficiency, enabling a H2 O2 productivity of 1767 mmol gcatalyst -1 h-1 at 0.4 V versus RHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
| | - Constantine Tsounis
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
| | - Zhipeng Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dominique Djaidiguna
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Bedford
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhaojun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
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38
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Shi H, Wu Q, Wu Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Huang H, Liu Y, Kang Z. A metal free catalyst for efficient and stable one-step photocatalytic production of pure hydrogen peroxide. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used as a green and clean energy. The pure H2O2 solution has attracted much attention for its special applications in many fields. Photocatalytic water splitting...
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Zhang Y, Pang Y, Xia D, Chai G. Regulable pyrrolic-N-doped carbon materials as an efficient electrocatalyst for selective O 2 reduction to H 2O 2. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02393h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts with pyrrolic-N as the active site were efficiently synthesized via a direct carbonization method, which exibited a high two-electron oxygen reduction reaction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
| | - Yongyu Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Dong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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40
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Hu T, Tang L, Feng H, Zhang J, Li X, Zuo Y, Lu Z, Tang W. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives as emerging catalysts for electro-Fenton process in water purification. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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41
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Wang D, Feng B, Zhang X, Liu Y, Pei Y, Qiao M, Zong B. Nitrogen-doped Carbon Pyrolyzed from ZIF-8 for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Mehta S, Gupta D, C. Nagaiah T. Selective electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide from reduction of oxygen on mesoporous nitrogen containing carbon. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Mehta
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry INDIA
| | - Divyani Gupta
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry Department of ChemistryMain CampusRUPNAGAR 140001 RUPNAGAR INDIA
| | - Tharamani C. Nagaiah
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry Nangal Road 140 001 Rupnagar INDIA
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43
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Rawah BS, Li W. Electrocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide on cobalt nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Hu C, Paul R, Dai Q, Dai L. Carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts: from oxygen reduction to multifunctional electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11785-11843. [PMID: 34559871 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of N-doped carbon nanotubes as the first carbon-based metal-free electrocatalyst (C-MFEC) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 2009, C-MFECs have shown multifunctional electrocatalytic activities for many reactions beyond ORR, such as oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and hydrogen peroxide production reaction (H2O2PR). Consequently, C-MFECs have attracted a great deal of interest for various applications, including metal-air batteries, water splitting devices, regenerative fuel cells, solar cells, fuel and chemical production, water purification, to mention a few. By altering the electronic configuration and/or modulating their spin angular momentum, both heteroatom(s) doping and structural defects (e.g., atomic vacancy, edge) have been demonstrated to create catalytic active sites in the skeleton of graphitic carbon materials. Although certain C-MFECs have been made to be comparable to or even better than their counterparts based on noble metals, transition metals and/or their hybrids, further research and development are necessary in order to translate C-MFECs for practical applications. In this article, we present a timely and comprehensive, but critical, review on recent advancements in the field of C-MFECs within the past five years or so by discussing various types of electrocatalytic reactions catalyzed by C-MFECs. An emphasis is given to potential applications of C-MFECs for energy conversion and storage. The structure-property relationship for and mechanistic understanding of C-MFECs will also be discussed, along with the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Hu
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Quanbin Dai
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Liming Dai
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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45
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Cao P, Quan X, Zhao K, Zhao X, Chen S, Yu H. Durable and Selective Electrochemical H 2O 2 Synthesis under a Large Current Enabled by the Cathode with Highly Hydrophobic Three-Phase Architecture. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peike Cao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xueyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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46
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Zhang Y, Melchionna M, Medved M, Błoński P, Steklý T, Bakandritsos A, Kment Š, Zbořil R, Otyepka M, Fornaserio P, Naldoni A. Enhanced On‐Site Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis by a Selectively Carboxylated N‐Doped Graphene Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Miroslav Medved
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Steklý
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre CEET VŠB – Technical University Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava-Poruba 70800 Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Kment
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre CEET VŠB – Technical University Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava-Poruba 70800 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre CEET VŠB – Technical University Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava-Poruba 70800 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 2172/15 70800 Ostrava-Poruba Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Fornaserio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Alberto Naldoni
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
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47
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Sun Y, Li S, Paul B, Han L, Strasser P. Highly efficient electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide over nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped carbon nanosheet in alkaline medium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Ramoğlu B, Gümrükçüoğlu A, Çekirge E, Ocak M, Ocak Ü. One Spot Microwave Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots with High Oxygen Content for Fluorometric Determination of Banned Sudan II Dye in Spice Samples. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1587-1598. [PMID: 34342798 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with high oxygen content (O-N-CDs) was carried out with citric acid as a carbon source and 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine as a nitrogen source in triethylene glycol (TEG) media. It was determined by SEM analysis that O-N-CDs consisted of particles of different sizes and shapes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that O-N-CDs have a graphitic structure. Moreover, they showed a high fluorescence property based on the excitation wavelength. Therefore, a new fluorometric method was developed for the determination of banned food dye Sudan II by using the O-N-CDs. The proposed method was used in the determination of Sudan II in spiked spice samples. The detection limit was 0.6 mg L-1 and the linear range was 0-8 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtışen Ramoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Abidin Gümrükçüoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ender Çekirge
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Miraç Ocak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Ocak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
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49
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Wang N, Ma S, Zuo P, Duan J, Hou B. Recent Progress of Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100076. [PMID: 34047062 PMCID: PMC8336511 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Shifting electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via two-electron pathway becomes increasingly crucial as an alternative/green method for hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) generation. Here, the development of 2e- ORR catalysts in recent years is reviewed, in aspects of reaction mechanism exploration, types of high-performance catalysts, factors to influence catalytic performance, and potential applications of 2e- ORR. Based on the previous theoretical and experimental studies, the underlying 2e- ORR catalytic mechanism is firstly unveiled, in aspect of reaction pathway, thermodynamic free energy diagram, limiting potential, and volcano plots. Then, various types of efficient catalysts for producing H2 O2 via 2e- ORR pathway are summarized. Additionally, the catalytic active sites and factors to influence catalysts' performance, such as electronic structure, carbon defect, functional groups (O, N, B, S, F etc.), synergistic effect, and others (pH, pore structure, steric hindrance effect, etc.) are discussed. The H2 O2 electrogeneration via 2e- ORR also has various potential applications in wastewater treatment, disinfection, organics degradation, and energy storage. Finally, potential future directions and prospects in 2e- ORR catalysts for electrochemically producing H2 O2 are examined. These insights may help develop highly active/selective 2e- ORR catalysts and shape the potential application of this electrochemical H2 O2 producing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and ProtectionPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)1 Wenhai RoadQingdao266237China
| | - Shaobo Ma
- MITT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Pengjian Zuo
- MITT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Jizhou Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and ProtectionPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)1 Wenhai RoadQingdao266237China
| | - Baorong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐FoulingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao266071China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and ProtectionPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)1 Wenhai RoadQingdao266237China
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50
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Wei Z, Xu H, Lei Z, Yi X, Feng C, Dang Z. A binder-free electrode for efficient H2O2 formation and Fe2+ regeneration and its application to an electro-Fenton process for removing organics in iron-laden acid wastewater. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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