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Zandhuis ND, Guislain A, Popalzij A, Engels S, Popović B, Turner M, Wolkers MC. Regulation of IFN-γ production by ZFP36L2 in T cells is time-dependent. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2451018. [PMID: 38980256 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells kill target cells by releasing cytotoxic molecules and proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IFN-γ. The magnitude and duration of cytokine production are defined by posttranscriptional regulation, and critical regulator herein are RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Although the functional importance of RBPs in regulating cytokine production is established, the kinetics and mode of action through which RBPs control cytokine production are not well understood. Previously, we showed that the RBP ZFP36L2 blocks the translation of preformed cytokine encoding mRNA in quiescent memory T cells. Here, we uncover that ZFP36L2 regulates cytokine production in a time-dependent manner. T cell-specific deletion of ZFP36L2 (CD4-cre) had no effect on T-cell development or cytokine production during early time points (2-6 h) of T-cell activation. In contrast, ZFP36L2 specifically dampened the production of IFN-γ during prolonged T-cell activation (20-48 h). ZFP36L2 deficiency also resulted in increased production of IFN-γ production in tumor-infiltrating T cells that are chronically exposed to antigens. Mechanistically, ZFP36L2 regulates IFN-γ production at late time points of activation by destabilizing Ifng mRNA in an AU-rich element-dependent manner. Together, our results reveal that ZFP36L2 employs different regulatory nodules in effector and memory T cells to regulate cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordin D Zandhuis
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Research, T cell differentiation Lab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Cancer center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Guislain
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Research, T cell differentiation Lab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Cancer center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abeera Popalzij
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Research, T cell differentiation Lab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Cancer center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Engels
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Research, T cell differentiation Lab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Cancer center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Branka Popović
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Research, T cell differentiation Lab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Cancer center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika C Wolkers
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Research, T cell differentiation Lab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Cancer center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Völkers M, Preiss T, Hentze MW. RNA-binding proteins in cardiovascular biology and disease: the beat goes on. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:361-378. [PMID: 38163813 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac development and function are becoming increasingly well understood from different angles, including signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. By contrast, the importance of the post-transcriptional landscape of cardiac biology largely remains to be uncovered, building on the foundation of a few existing paradigms. The discovery during the past decade of hundreds of additional RNA-binding proteins in mammalian cells and organs, including the heart, is expected to accelerate progress and has raised intriguing possibilities for better understanding the intricacies of cardiac development, metabolism and adaptive alterations. In this Review, we discuss the progress and new concepts on RNA-binding proteins and RNA biology and appraise them in the context of common cardiovascular clinical conditions, from cell and organ-wide perspectives. We also discuss how a better understanding of cardiac RNA-binding proteins can fill crucial knowledge gaps in cardiology and might pave the way to developing better treatments to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg and Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Preiss
- Shine-Dalgarno Centre for RNA Innovation, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Yoshinaga M, Takeuchi O. Regulation of inflammatory diseases via the control of mRNA decay. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:14. [PMID: 38491500 PMCID: PMC10941436 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation orchestrates a finely balanced process crucial for microorganism elimination and tissue injury protection. A multitude of immune and non-immune cells, alongside various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, collectively regulate this response. Central to this regulation is post-transcriptional control, governing gene expression at the mRNA level. RNA-binding proteins such as tristetraprolin, Roquin, and the Regnase family, along with RNA modifications, intricately dictate the mRNA decay of pivotal mediators and regulators in the inflammatory response. Dysregulated activity of these factors has been implicated in numerous human inflammatory diseases, underscoring the significance of post-transcriptional regulation. The increasing focus on targeting these mechanisms presents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review offers an extensive overview of post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms during inflammatory responses, delving into recent advancements, their implications in human diseases, and the strides made in therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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4
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Yoshinaga M, Takeuchi O. RNA Metabolism Governs Immune Function and Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:145-161. [PMID: 38467978 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process that protects our body from various insults such as infection, injury, and stress. Proper inflammation is beneficial to eliminate the insults and maintain organ homeostasis, however, it can become detrimental if uncontrolled. To tightly regulate inflammation, post-transcriptional mechanisms governing RNA metabolism play a crucial role in monitoring the expression of immune-related genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These mechanisms involve the coordinated action of various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including the Regnase family, Roquin, and RNA methyltransferases, which are responsible for mRNA decay and/or translation regulation. The collaborative efforts of these RBPs are essential in preventing aberrant immune response activation and consequently safeguarding against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation within the immune system and explores the specific roles of individual RBPs in RNA metabolism and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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5
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Akhtar F, Ruiz JH, Liu YG, Resendez RG, Feliers D, Morales LD, Diaz-Badillo A, Lehman DM, Arya R, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Mummidi S. Functional characterization of the disease-associated CCL2 rs1024611G-rs13900T haplotype: The role of the RNA-binding protein HuR. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.31.564937. [PMID: 37961304 PMCID: PMC10635030 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases associated with monocyte/macrophage recruitment, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), tuberculosis, and atherosclerosis. The rs1024611 (alleles:A>G; G is the risk allele) polymorphism in the CCL2 cis-regulatory region is associated with increased CCL2 expression in vitro and ex vivo, leukocyte mobilization in vivo, and deleterious disease outcomes. However, the molecular basis for the rs1024611-associated differential CCL2 expression remains poorly characterized. It is conceivable that genetic variant(s) in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs1024611 could mediate such effects. Previously, we used rs13900 (alleles:_C>T) in the CCL2 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) that is in perfect LD with rs1024611 to demonstrate allelic expression imbalance (AEI) of CCL2 in heterozygous individuals. Here we tested the hypothesis that the rs13900 could modulate CCL2 expression by altering mRNA turnover and/or translatability. The rs13900 T allele conferred greater stability to the CCL2 transcript when compared to the rs13900 C allele. The rs13900 T allele also had increased binding to Human Antigen R (HuR), an RNA-binding protein, in vitro and ex vivo. The rs13900 alleles imparted differential activity to reporter vectors and influenced the translatability of the reporter transcript. We further demonstrated a role for HuR in mediating allele-specific effects on CCL2 expression in overexpression and silencing studies. The presence of the rs1024611G-rs13900T conferred a distinct transcriptomic signature related to inflammation and immunity. Our studies suggest that the differential interactions of HuR with rs13900 could modulate CCL2 expression and explain the interindividual differences in CCL2-mediated disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Akhtar
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University- San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joselin Hernandez Ruiz
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ya-Guang Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Roy G. Resendez
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University- San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Denis Feliers
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Liza D. Morales
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grane Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - Alvaro Diaz-Badillo
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University- San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Donna M. Lehman
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University- San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rector Arya
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University- San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- Department of Population Health and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grane Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University- San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University- San Antonio, Texas, USA
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6
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Bechara R, Vagner S, Mariette X. Post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:486-502. [PMID: 37311941 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation is a fundamental process in gene expression that has a role in diverse cellular processes, including immune responses. A core concept underlying post-transcriptional regulation is that protein abundance is not solely determined by transcript abundance. Indeed, transcription and translation are not directly coupled, and intervening steps occur between these processes, including the regulation of mRNA stability, localization and alternative splicing, which can impact protein abundance. These steps are controlled by various post-transcription factors such as RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, and aberrant post-transcriptional regulation has been implicated in various pathological conditions. Indeed, studies on the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have identified various post-transcription factors as important regulators of immune cell-mediated and target effector cell-mediated pathological conditions. This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding the roles of post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity, as evidenced by studies in both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells, and discusses the relevance of these findings for developing new anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bechara
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Stephan Vagner
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Rheumatology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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7
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Zhao T, Cheng F, Zhan D, Li J, Zheng C, Lu Y, Qin W, Liu Z. The Glomerulus Multiomics Analysis Provides Deeper Insights into Diabetic Nephropathy. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37191251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease, the exact regulation mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we integrated the transcriptomics and proteomics profiles of glomeruli isolated from 50 biopsy-proven DN patients and 25 controls to investigate the latest findings about DN pathogenesis. First, 1152 genes exhibited differential expression at the mRNA or protein level, and 364 showed significant association. These strong correlated genes were divided into four different functional modules. Moreover, a regulatory network of the transcription factors (TFs)-target genes (TGs) was constructed, with 30 TFs upregulated at the protein levels and 265 downstream TGs differentially expressed at the mRNA levels. These TFs are the integration centers of several signal transduction pathways and have tremendous therapeutic potential for regulating the aberrant production of TGs and the pathological process of DN. Furthermore, 29 new DN-specific splice-junction peptides were discovered with high confidence; these peptides may play novel functions in the pathological course of DN. So, our in-depth integrative transcriptomics-proteomics analysis provided deeper insights into the pathogenesis of DN and opened the potential avenue for finding new therapeutic interventions. MS raw files were deposited into the proteomeXchange with the dataset identifier PXD040617.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Beijing Pineal Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dongdong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jin'e Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunxia Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yinghui Lu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Weisong Qin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
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8
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Arunima A, van Schaik EJ, Samuel JE. The emerging roles of long non-coding RNA in host immune response and intracellular bacterial infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1160198. [PMID: 37153158 PMCID: PMC10160451 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1160198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved classes of non-coding regulatory transcripts of > 200 nucleotides in length. They modulate several transcriptional and post-transcriptional events in the organism. Depending on their cellular localization and interactions, they regulate chromatin function and assembly; and alter the stability and translation of cytoplasmic mRNAs. Although their proposed range of functionality remains controversial, there is increasing research evidence that lncRNAs play a regulatory role in the activation, differentiation and development of immune signaling cascades; microbiome development; and in diseases such as neuronal and cardiovascular disorders; cancer; and pathogenic infections. This review discusses the functional roles of different lncRNAs in regulation of host immune responses, signaling pathways during host-microbe interaction and infection caused by obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens. The study of lncRNAs is assuming significance as it could be exploited for development of alternative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of severe and chronic pathogenic infections caused by Mycobacterium, Chlamydia and Rickettsia infections, as well as commensal colonization. Finally, this review summarizes the translational potential of lncRNA research in development of diagnostic and prognostic tools for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James E. Samuel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
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9
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Popović B, Nicolet BP, Guislain A, Engels S, Jurgens AP, Paravinja N, Freen-van Heeren JJ, van Alphen FPJ, van den Biggelaar M, Salerno F, Wolkers MC. Time-dependent regulation of cytokine production by RNA binding proteins defines T cell effector function. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112419. [PMID: 37074914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Potent T cell responses against infections and malignancies require a rapid yet tightly regulated production of toxic effector molecules. Their production level is defined by post-transcriptional events at 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs). RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators in this process. With an RNA aptamer-based capture assay, we identify >130 RBPs interacting with IFNG, TNF, and IL2 3' UTRs in human T cells. RBP-RNA interactions show plasticity upon T cell activation. Furthermore, we uncover the intricate and time-dependent regulation of cytokine production by RBPs: whereas HuR supports early cytokine production, ZFP36L1, ATXN2L, and ZC3HAV1 dampen and shorten the production duration, each at different time points. Strikingly, even though ZFP36L1 deletion does not rescue the dysfunctional phenotype, tumor-infiltrating T cells produce more cytokines and cytotoxic molecules, resulting in superior anti-tumoral T cell responses. Our findings thus show that identifying RBP-RNA interactions reveals key modulators of T cell responses in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Popović
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Benoît P Nicolet
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Guislain
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Engels
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk P Jurgens
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natali Paravinja
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julian J Freen-van Heeren
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floris P J van Alphen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Fiamma Salerno
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika C Wolkers
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Immunity and Infection and Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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10
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Deng Y, Shi S, Luo J, Zhang Y, Dong H, Wang X, Zhou J, Wei Z, Li J, Xu C, Xu S, Sun Y, Ni B, Wu Y, Yang D, Han C, Tian Y. Regulation of mRNA stability contributes to the function of innate lymphoid cells in various diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118483. [PMID: 36776864 PMCID: PMC9909350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important subsets of innate immune cells that regulate mucosal immunity. ILCs include natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells-1 (ILC1s), ILC2s, and ILC3s, which have extremely important roles in the immune system. In this review, we summarize the regulation of mRNA stability mediated through various factors in ILCs (e.g., cytokines, RNA-binding proteins, non-coding RNAs) and their roles in mediating functions in different ILC subsets. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic targets for diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis by regulation of mRNA stability in ILCs, which may provide novel directions for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Saiyu Shi
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yi Tian, ; Di Yang, ; Chao Han,
| | - Chao Han
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yi Tian, ; Di Yang, ; Chao Han,
| | - Yi Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yi Tian, ; Di Yang, ; Chao Han,
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11
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Yoshinaga M, Han K, Morgens DW, Horii T, Kobayashi R, Tsuruyama T, Hia F, Yasukura S, Kajiya A, Cai T, Cruz PHC, Vandenbon A, Suzuki Y, Kawahara Y, Hatada I, Bassik MC, Takeuchi O. The N 6-methyladenosine methyltransferase METTL16 enables erythropoiesis through safeguarding genome integrity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6435. [PMID: 36307435 PMCID: PMC9616860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During erythroid differentiation, the maintenance of genome integrity is key for the success of multiple rounds of cell division. However, molecular mechanisms coordinating the expression of DNA repair machinery in erythroid progenitors are poorly understood. Here, we discover that an RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, METTL16, plays an essential role in proper erythropoiesis by safeguarding genome integrity via the control of DNA-repair-related genes. METTL16-deficient erythroblasts exhibit defective differentiation capacity, DNA damage and activation of the apoptotic program. Mechanistically, METTL16 controls m6A deposition at the structured motifs in DNA-repair-related transcripts including Brca2 and Fancm mRNAs, thereby upregulating their expression. Furthermore, a pairwise CRISPRi screen revealed that the MTR4-nuclear RNA exosome complex is involved in the regulation of METTL16 substrate mRNAs in erythroblasts. Collectively, our study uncovers that METTL16 and the MTR4-nuclear RNA exosome act as essential regulatory machinery to maintain genome integrity and erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kyuho Han
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - David W. Morgens
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Takuro Horii
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Drug and Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Fabian Hia
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shota Yasukura
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Asako Kajiya
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Ting Cai
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Pedro H. C. Cruz
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Yukio Kawahara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512 Japan ,grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Michael C. Bassik
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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12
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Guillemin A, Kumar A, Wencker M, Ricci EP. Shaping the Innate Immune Response Through Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression Mediated by RNA-Binding Proteins. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796012. [PMID: 35087521 PMCID: PMC8787094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the frontline of defense against infections and tissue damage. It is a fast and semi-specific response involving a myriad of processes essential for protecting the organism. These reactions promote the clearance of danger by activating, among others, an inflammatory response, the complement cascade and by recruiting the adaptive immunity. Any disequilibrium in this functional balance can lead to either inflammation-mediated tissue damage or defense inefficiency. A dynamic and coordinated gene expression program lies at the heart of the innate immune response. This expression program varies depending on the cell-type and the specific danger signal encountered by the cell and involves multiple layers of regulation. While these are achieved mainly via transcriptional control of gene expression, numerous post-transcriptional regulatory pathways involving RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and other effectors play a critical role in its fine-tuning. Alternative splicing, translational control and mRNA stability have been shown to be tightly regulated during the innate immune response and participate in modulating gene expression in a global or gene specific manner. More recently, microRNAs assisting RBPs and post-transcriptional modification of RNA bases are also emerging as essential players of the innate immune process. In this review, we highlight the numerous roles played by specific RNA-binding effectors in mediating post-transcriptional control of gene expression to shape innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Guillemin
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1293, Lyon, France
| | - Anuj Kumar
- CRCL, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1293, Lyon, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Emiliano P. Ricci
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1293, Lyon, France
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13
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Lai HC, Ho UY, James A, De Souza P, Roberts TL. RNA metabolism and links to inflammatory regulation and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:21. [PMID: 34971439 PMCID: PMC11072290 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is vital to protect the host against foreign organism invasion and cellular damage. It requires tight and concise gene expression for regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression in immune cells. Dysregulated immune responses caused by gene mutations and errors in post-transcriptional regulation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. The mechanisms underlying post-transcriptional gene expression regulation include mRNA splicing, mRNA export, mRNA localisation, mRNA stability, RNA/protein interaction, and post-translational events such as protein stability and modification. The majority of studies to date have focused on transcriptional control pathways. However, post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA in eukaryotes is equally important and related information is lacking. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms involved in the pre-mRNA splicing events, mRNA surveillance, RNA degradation pathways, disorders or symptoms caused by mutations or errors in post-transcriptional regulation during innate immunity especially toll-like receptor mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chi Lai
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
- South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Uda Y Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander James
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul De Souza
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Macarthur, NSW, Australia
| | - Tara L Roberts
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Macarthur, NSW, Australia
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14
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Corral VM, Schultz ER, Eisenstein RS, Connell GJ. Roquin is a major mediator of iron-regulated changes to transferrin receptor-1 mRNA stability. iScience 2021; 24:102360. [PMID: 33898949 PMCID: PMC8058555 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) has essential iron transport and proposed signal transduction functions. Proper TfR1 regulation is a requirement for hematopoiesis, neurological development, and the homeostasis of tissues including the intestine and muscle, while dysregulation is associated with cancers and immunodeficiency. TfR1 mRNA degradation is highly regulated, but the identity of the degradation activity remains uncertain. Here, we show with gene knockouts and siRNA knockdowns that two Roquin paralogs are major mediators of iron-regulated changes to the steady-state TfR1 mRNA level within four different cell types (HAP1, HUVEC, L-M, and MEF). Roquin is demonstrated to destabilize the TfR1 mRNA, and its activity is fully dependent on three hairpin loops within the TfR1 mRNA 3′-UTR that are essential for iron-regulated instability. We further show in L-M cells that TfR1 mRNA degradation does not require ongoing translation, consistent with Roquin-mediated instability. We conclude that Roquin is a major effector of TfR1 mRNA abundance. Roquin is a major mediator of iron-regulated TfR1 mRNA instability Roquin-mediated instability requires three stem loops within the TfR1 3′-UTR Iron-regulated TfR1 mRNA instability can occur in the absence of Regnase-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Corral
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric R Schultz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Richard S Eisenstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gregory J Connell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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15
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Kang S, Narazaki M, Metwally H, Kishimoto T. Historical overview of the interleukin-6 family cytokine. J Exp Med 2020; 217:151633. [PMID: 32267936 PMCID: PMC7201933 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been identified as a 26-kD secreted protein that stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. Later, IL-6 was revealed to have various functions that overlap with other IL-6 family cytokines and use the common IL-6 signal transducer gp130. IL-6 stimulates cells through multiple pathways, using both membrane and soluble IL-6 receptors. As indicated by the expanding market for IL-6 inhibitors, it has become a primary therapeutic target among IL-6 family cytokines. Here, we revisit the discovery of IL-6; discuss insights regarding the roles of this family of cytokines; and highlight recent advances in our understanding of regulation of IL-6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kang
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hozaifa Metwally
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadamitsu Kishimoto
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Binas O, Tants JN, Peter SA, Janowski R, Davydova E, Braun J, Niessing D, Schwalbe H, Weigand JE, Schlundt A. Structural basis for the recognition of transiently structured AU-rich elements by Roquin. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7385-7403. [PMID: 32491174 PMCID: PMC7367199 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AREs) are the most common cis-regulatory elements in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs, where they fine-tune turnover by mediating mRNA decay. They increase plasticity and efficacy of mRNA regulation and are recognized by several ARE-specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Typically, AREs are short linear motifs with a high content of complementary A and U nucleotides and often occur in multiple copies. Although thermodynamically rather unstable, the high AU-content might enable transient secondary structure formation and modify mRNA regulation by RBPs. We have recently suggested that the immunoregulatory RBP Roquin recognizes folded AREs as constitutive decay elements (CDEs), resulting in shape-specific ARE-mediated mRNA degradation. However, the structural evidence for a CDE-like recognition of AREs by Roquin is still lacking. We here present structures of CDE-like folded AREs, both in their free and protein-bound form. Moreover, the AREs in the UCP3 3′-UTR are additionally bound by the canonical ARE-binding protein AUF1 in their linear form, adopting an alternative binding-interface compared to the recognition of their CDE structure by Roquin. Strikingly, our findings thus suggest that AREs can be recognized in multiple ways, allowing control over mRNA regulation by adapting distinct conformational states, thus providing differential accessibility to regulatory RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Binas
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Tants
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephen A Peter
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Robert Janowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena Davydova
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Braun
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia E Weigand
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlundt
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Heaton SM. Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1115. [PMID: 32099652 PMCID: PMC7030942 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Heaton
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyMonash University23 Innovation WalkClaytonVIC3800Australia
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18
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Heaton SM. Harnessing host-virus evolution in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1067. [PMID: 31312450 PMCID: PMC6613463 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen resistance and development costs are major challenges in current approaches to antiviral therapy. The high error rate of RNA synthesis and reverse‐transcription confers genome plasticity, enabling the remarkable adaptability of RNA viruses to antiviral intervention. However, this property is coupled to fundamental constraints including limits on the size of information available to manipulate complex hosts into supporting viral replication. Accordingly, RNA viruses employ various means to extract maximum utility from their informationally limited genomes that, correspondingly, may be leveraged for effective host‐oriented therapies. Host‐oriented approaches are becoming increasingly feasible because of increased availability of bioactive compounds and recent advances in immunotherapy and precision medicine, particularly genome editing, targeted delivery methods and RNAi. In turn, one driving force behind these innovations is the increasingly detailed understanding of evolutionarily diverse host–virus interactions, which is the key concern of an emerging field, neo‐virology. This review examines biotechnological solutions to disease and other sustainability issues of our time that leverage the properties of RNA and DNA viruses as developed through co‐evolution with their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Heaton
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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