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Kanmalar M, Kamal R, Abdul Sani SF, Pathmanathan D, Bm Said NA, Paramanantham Y, Abd Jamil AH, Mun KS, Kuppusamy S, Almugren KS, Almajid HF, Bradley DA. Spectroscopic diagnosis and metabolite characterization of cisplatin resistance regulated by FDFT1 in bladder cancer tissue. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 210:111372. [PMID: 38810354 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
As is the case for most solid tumours, chemotherapy remains the backbone in the management of metastatic disease. However, the occurrence of chemotherapy resistance is a cause to worry, especially in bladder cancer. Extensive evidence indicates molecular changes in bladder cancer cells to be the underlying cause of chemotherapy resistance, including the reduced expression of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) - a gene involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. This can likely be a hallmark in examining the resistance and sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. This work performs spectroscopic analysis and metabolite characterization on resistant, sensitive, stable-disease and healthy bladder tissues. Raman spectroscopy has detected peaks at around 1003 cm-1 (squalene), 1178 cm-1 (cholesterol), 1258 cm-1 (cholesteryl ester), 1343 cm-1 (collagen), 1525 cm-1 (carotenoid), 1575 cm-1 (DNA bases) and 1608 cm-1 (cytosine). The peak parameters were examined, and statistical analysis was performed on the peak features, attaining significant differences between the sample groups. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements observed the triglyceride peak together with 6th, 7th and 8th - order collagen peaks; peak parameters were also determined. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) detected seven trace elements. Carbon (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chlorine (Cl) and sodium (Na) have been found to have the greatest concentration in the sample groups, suggestive of a role as a biomarker for cisplatin resistance studies. Results from the present research are suggested to provide an important insight into understanding the development of drug resistance in bladder cancer, opening up the possibility of novel avenues for treatment through personalised interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kanmalar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raihan Kamal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Dharini Pathmanathan
- Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Akmarina Bm Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Amira Hajirah Abd Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K S Mun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Kuppusamy
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K S Almugren
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hadeel F Almajid
- Medicine College, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Sunway University, Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Jalan Universiti, 46150, PJ, Malaysia; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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2
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Matsumoto S, Ogino A, Onoe K, Ukon J, Ishigaki M. Chick sexing based on the blood analysis using Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15999. [PMID: 38987556 PMCID: PMC11237000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Efforts are underway to develop technology for automatically determining the sex of chick embryos, aimed at establishing a stable and efficient poultry farming system while also addressing animal welfare concerns. This study investigated the possibility of chick sexing through blood analysis using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra were obtained from whole blood and its constituents, such as red blood cells (RBCs) and blood plasma, collected from chicks aged 1-2 days, using a 785-nm excitation wavelength. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed statistically significant sex-dependent spectral variations in whole blood and RBCs, whereas blood plasma showed less clear dependency. These spectral differences between male and female chicks were attributed to differences in the proportion of spectral components from oxygenated (oxy-) and deoxygenated (deoxy-) RBCs, with males exhibiting a slightly stronger contribution of oxy-RBCs compared to females. This reflects the higher oxygen affinity of hemoglobin (Hb) in males compared to females. A model for discriminating chick sex was built using the ratios of certain Raman band characteristics of oxy-RBCs and deoxy-RBCs, achieving a sensitivity of 100%. This spectroscopic method holds promise for developing technology to discriminate the sex of early chicken embryos in ovo by detecting differences in oxygen saturation of RBCs based on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Matsumoto
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Akane Ogino
- NABEL Co., Ltd., 86 Morimoto-Cho, Nishikujo, Minami-Ku, Kyoto, 601-8444, Japan
| | - Kai Onoe
- NABEL Co., Ltd., 86 Morimoto-Cho, Nishikujo, Minami-Ku, Kyoto, 601-8444, Japan
| | - Juichiro Ukon
- UKON Craft Science Ltd., 106-4, Fukakusa-Shhinmon-Jotyo, Fushimi-Ku, Kyoto, 612-8436, Japan
| | - Mika Ishigaki
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan.
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3
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Vanna R, Masella A, Bazzarelli M, Ronchi P, Lenferink A, Tresoldi C, Morasso C, Bedoni M, Cerullo G, Polli D, Ciceri F, De Poli G, Bregonzio M, Otto C. High-Resolution Raman Imaging of >300 Patient-Derived Cells from Nine Different Leukemia Subtypes: A Global Clustering Approach. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9468-9477. [PMID: 38821490 PMCID: PMC11170555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia comprises a diverse group of bone marrow tumors marked by cell proliferation. Current diagnosis involves identifying leukemia subtypes through visual assessment of blood and bone marrow smears, a subjective and time-consuming method. Our study introduces the characterization of different leukemia subtypes using a global clustering approach of Raman hyperspectral maps of cells. We analyzed bone marrow samples from 19 patients, each presenting one of nine distinct leukemia subtypes, by conducting high spatial resolution Raman imaging on 319 cells, generating over 1.3 million spectra in total. An automated preprocessing pipeline followed by a single-step global clustering approach performed over the entire data set identified relevant cellular components (cytoplasm, nucleus, carotenoids, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and hemoglobin (HB)) enabling the unsupervised creation of high-quality pseudostained images at the single-cell level. Furthermore, this approach provided a semiquantitative analysis of cellular component distribution, and multivariate analysis of clustering results revealed the potential of Raman imaging in leukemia research, highlighting both advantages and challenges associated with global clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Vanna
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie − Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
(IFN-CNR), c/o Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Ronchi
- IRCCS
Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute
San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Aufried Lenferink
- Medical
Cell BioPhysics, Department of Science and Technology, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede, NL 7500
AE, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- IRCCS
Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute
San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Istituti
Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo
Gnocchi, Milan 20148, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie − Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
(IFN-CNR), c/o Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie − Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
(IFN-CNR), c/o Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- IRCCS
Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute
San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | | | | | - Cees Otto
- Medical
Cell BioPhysics, Department of Science and Technology, TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede, NL 7500
AE, The Netherlands
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4
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Borek-Dorosz A, Nowakowska AM, Laskowska P, Szydłowski M, Tipping W, Graham D, Wiktorska K, Juszczynski P, Baranska M, Mrowka P, Majzner K. Alterations in lipid metabolism accompanied by changes in protein and carotenoid content as spectroscopic markers of human T cell activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159496. [PMID: 38649008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This work aims to understand better the mechanism of cellular processes accompanying the activation of human T cells and to develop a novel, fast, label-free approach to identify molecular biomarkers for this process. The standard methodology for confirming the activation state of T cells is based on flow cytometry and using antibodies recognizing activation markers. The method provide high specificity detection but may be susceptible to background staining or non-specific secondary antibody reactions. Here, we evaluated the potential of Raman-based molecular imaging in distinguishing non-activated and activated human T cells. Confocal Raman microscopy was performed on T cells followed by chemometrics to obtain comprehensive molecular information, while Stimulated Raman Scattering imaging was used to quickly provide high-resolution images of selected cellular components of activated and non-activated cells. For the first time, carotenoids, lipids, and proteins were shown to be important biomarkers of T-cell activation. We found that T-cell activation was accompanied by lipid accumulation and loss of carotenoid content. Our findings on the biochemical, morphological, and structural changes associated with activated mature T cells provide insights into the molecular changes that occur during therapeutic manipulation of the immune response. The methodology for identifying activated T cells is based on a novel imaging method and supervised and unsupervised chemometrics. It unambiguously identifies specific and unique molecular changes without the need for staining, fixation, or any other sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Borek-Dorosz
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Nowakowska
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - William Tipping
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Wiktorska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-724 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Kraków, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Mrowka
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Kraków, Poland.
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5
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Xu J, Morten KJ. Raman micro-spectroscopy as a tool to study immunometabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:733-745. [PMID: 38477393 PMCID: PMC11088913 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, immunometabolism has emerged as a crucial field, unraveling the intricate molecular connections between cellular metabolism and immune function across various cell types, tissues, and diseases. This review explores the insights gained from studies using the emerging technology, Raman micro-spectroscopy, to investigate immunometabolism. Raman micro-spectroscopy provides an exciting opportunity to directly study metabolism at the single cell level where it can be combined with other Raman-based technologies and platforms such as single cell RNA sequencing. The review showcases applications of Raman micro-spectroscopy to study the immune system including cell identification, activation, and autoimmune disease diagnosis, offering a rapid, label-free, and minimally invasive analytical approach. The review spotlights three promising Raman technologies, Raman-activated cell sorting, Raman stable isotope probing, and Raman imaging. The synergy of Raman technologies with machine learning is poised to enhance the understanding of complex Raman phenotypes, enabling biomarker discovery and comprehensive investigations in immunometabolism. The review encourages further exploration of these evolving technologies in the rapidly advancing field of immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K
| | - Karl J Morten
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, The Women Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
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6
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Papadakis VM, Cheimonidi C, Panagopoulou M, Karaglani M, Apalaki P, Katsara K, Kenanakis G, Theodosiou T, Constantinidis TC, Stratigi K, Chatzaki E. Label-Free Human Disease Characterization through Circulating Cell-Free DNA Analysis Using Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12384. [PMID: 37569759 PMCID: PMC10418917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is a liquid biopsy biomaterial attracting significant attention for the implementation of precision medicine diagnostics. Deeper knowledge related to its structure and biology would enable the development of such applications. In this study, we employed Raman spectroscopy to unravel the biomolecular profile of human ccfDNA in health and disease. We established reference Raman spectra of ccfDNA samples from healthy males and females with different conditions, including cancer and diabetes, extracting information about their chemical composition. Comparative observations showed a distinct spectral pattern in ccfDNA from breast cancer patients taking neoadjuvant therapy. Raman analysis of ccfDNA from healthy, prediabetic, and diabetic males uncovered some differences in their biomolecular fingerprints. We also studied ccfDNA released from human benign and cancer cell lines and compared it to their respective gDNA, confirming it mirrors its cellular origin. Overall, we explored for the first time Raman spectroscopy in the study of ccfDNA and provided spectra of samples from different sources. Our findings introduce Raman spectroscopy as a new approach to implementing liquid biopsy diagnostics worthy of further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis M. Papadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.M.P.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (K.S.)
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research & Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Christina Cheimonidi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.M.P.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (K.S.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research & Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Panagopoulou
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research & Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (M.K.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Makrina Karaglani
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research & Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (M.K.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Paraskevi Apalaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.M.P.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Klytaimnistra Katsara
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vasilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece (G.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University—Hellas, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vasilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece (G.K.)
| | - Theodosis Theodosiou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Theodoros C. Constantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Kalliopi Stratigi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.M.P.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research & Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (M.K.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
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7
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Minimally invasive detection of cancer using metabolic changes in tumor-associated natural killer cells with Oncoimmune probes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4527. [PMID: 35927264 PMCID: PMC9352900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells, a subset of innate immune cells, undergo cancer-specific changes during tumor progression. Therefore, tracking NK cell activity in circulation has potential for cancer diagnosis. Identification of tumor associated NK cells remains a challenge as most of the cancer antigens are unknown. Here, we introduce tumor-associated circulating NK cell profiling (CNKP) as a stand-alone cancer diagnostic modality with a liquid biopsy. Metabolic profiles of NK cell activation as a result of tumor interaction are detected with a SERS functionalized OncoImmune probe platform. We show that the cancer stem cell-associated NK cell is of value in cancer diagnosis. Through machine learning, the features of NK cell activity in patient blood could identify cancer from non-cancer using 5uL of peripheral blood with 100% accuracy and localization of cancer with 93% accuracy. These results show the feasibility of minimally invasive cancer diagnostics using circulating NK cells. NK cells can be affected by tumour cells and this difference could be utilised as a cancer diagnostic. Here the authors use a nickel based plasmonic spectroscopy system to measure metabolic differences in NK cells that have been exposed to cancer cells as a method of cancer detection.
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8
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Cui D, Kong L, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang C. In situ identification of environmental microorganisms with Raman spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 11:100187. [PMID: 36158754 PMCID: PMC9488013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms in natural environments are crucial in maintaining the material and energy cycle and the ecological balance of the environment. However, it is challenging to delineate environmental microbes' actual metabolic pathways and intraspecific heterogeneity because most microorganisms cannot be cultivated. Raman spectroscopy is a culture-independent technique that can collect molecular vibration profiles from cells. It can reveal the physiological and biochemical information at the single-cell level rapidly and non-destructively in situ. The first part of this review introduces the principles, advantages, progress, and analytical methods of Raman spectroscopy applied in environmental microbiology. The second part summarizes the applications of Raman spectroscopy combined with stable isotope probing (SIP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Raman-activated cell sorting and genomic sequencing, and machine learning in microbiological studies. Finally, this review discusses expectations of Raman spectroscopy and future advances to be made in identifying microorganisms, especially for uncultured microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Cui
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lingchao Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhu
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory, Shanghai Earthquake Agency, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chuanlun Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, University of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory, Shanghai Earthquake Agency, Shanghai, 200062, China
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9
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Dai Y, Wang L, Luo C, Li W, Huang Q, Li W, Pang L. Featuring few essential Raman spectroscopic signatures between heterogeneous cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100338. [PMID: 34995013 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate it is instructive to quantify cell Raman spectroscopy by sparse regularization. To be able to extract the specific spectral differences in a heterogeneous cell system with great spectroscopic similarities derived from many common biomolecular components, the maximum information entropy probability was proposed and exemplified by identifying normal lymphocytes from leukemia cells. The essential spectroscopic features were observed to locate at three Raman peaks whose spectral signatures were commensurate. The applicability of the extracted features was acknowledged by that the predicted identification accuracy of up to 93% was still achieved when only two peaks were loaded into decision tree model, which may provide the possibility of a clinically rapid hematological malignancy detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Dai
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University Daping Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenkang Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Deparment of Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University Daping Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Pang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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ISHIGAKI M. <i>In situ</i> Imaging of Living Organisms by Raman and Near-infrared Spectroscopies — A look into the Brilliance of Life through Molecular Spectroscopies —. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2022. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.71.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika ISHIGAKI
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University
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11
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Lauwerends LJ, Abbasi H, Bakker Schut TC, Van Driel PBAA, Hardillo JAU, Santos IP, Barroso EM, Koljenović S, Vahrmeijer AL, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Puppels GJ, Keereweer S. The complementary value of intraoperative fluorescence imaging and Raman spectroscopy for cancer surgery: combining the incompatibles. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2364-2376. [PMID: 35102436 PMCID: PMC9165240 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A clear margin is an important prognostic factor for most solid tumours treated by surgery. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging using exogenous tumour-specific
fluorescent agents has shown particular benefit in improving complete resection of tumour tissue. However, signal processing for fluorescence imaging is complex, and fluorescence signal intensity does not always perfectly correlate with tumour location. Raman spectroscopy has the capacity to accurately differentiate between malignant and healthy tissue based on their molecular composition. In Raman spectroscopy, specificity is uniquely high, but signal intensity is weak and Raman measurements are mainly performed in a point-wise manner on microscopic tissue volumes, making whole-field assessment temporally unfeasible. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art of both optical techniques, paying special attention to the combined intraoperative application of fluorescence imaging and Raman spectroscopy in current clinical research. We demonstrate how these techniques are complementary and address the technical challenges that have traditionally led them to be considered mutually exclusive for clinical implementation. Finally, we present a novel strategy that exploits the optimal characteristics of both modalities to facilitate resection with clear surgical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Lauwerends
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Abbasi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - T C Bakker Schut
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P B A A Van Driel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - J A U Hardillo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - I P Santos
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - S Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital/Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A L Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R J Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - G J Puppels
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Keereweer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Leszczenko P, Borek-Dorosz A, Nowakowska AM, Adamczyk A, Kashyrskaya S, Jakubowska J, Ząbczyńska M, Pastorczak A, Ostrowska K, Baranska M, Marzec KM, Majzner K. Towards Raman-Based Screening of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Type B (B-ALL) Subtypes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215483. [PMID: 34771646 PMCID: PMC8582787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy originating from abnormal lymphoid progenitor cells. Since ALL is genetically highly heterogenous, more sensitive and rapid methods for identifying the molecular subtype of ALL are still being searched, and Raman spectroscopy (RS) has a chance of becoming a valuable tool for this purpose. Herein, the RS was applied to analyze normal B cells and three subtypes of B-ALL, characterized by the presence of the product of gene fusion, i.e., BCR-ABL1, TEL-AML1, and TCF3-PBX1. The classification and discrimination of normal and neoplastic cells were carried out with the chemometric approach. Normal B cells were characterized mostly by bands assigned to nucleic acids and proteins, whereas three subtypes of ALL appeared to contain a higher lipid content. Spectral differences between particular ALL subtypes were modest. The results lead to the conclusion that RS has the potential as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of malignant neoplasms in the pediatric population. B-cell precursor ALLs (BCP-ALLs) are derived from the progenitors of B lymphocytes. Traditionally, risk factors stratifying therapy in ALL patients included age at diagnosis, initial leukocytosis, and the response to chemotherapy. Currently, treatment intensity is modified according to the presence of specific gene alterations in the leukemic genome. Raman imaging is a promising diagnostic tool, which enables the molecular characterization of cells and differentiation of subtypes of leukemia in clinical samples. This study aimed to characterize and distinguish cells isolated from the bone marrow of patients suffering from three subtypes of BCP-ALL, defined by gene rearrangements, i.e., BCR-ABL1 (Philadelphia-positive, t(9;22)), TEL-AML1 (t(12;21)) and TCF3-PBX1 (t(1;19)), using single-cell Raman imaging combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Spectra collected from clinical samples were compared with single-cell spectra of B-cells collected from healthy donors, constituting the control group. We demonstrated that Raman spectra of normal B cells strongly differ from spectra of their malignant counterparts, especially in the intensity of bands, which can be assigned to nucleic acids. We also showed that the identification of leukemia subtypes could be automated with the use of chemometric methods. Results prove the clinical suitability of Raman imaging for the identification of spectroscopic markers characterizing leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Leszczenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.L.); (A.B.-D.); (A.M.N.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Borek-Dorosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.L.); (A.B.-D.); (A.M.N.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (M.B.)
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.L.); (A.B.-D.); (A.M.N.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Adriana Adamczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.L.); (A.B.-D.); (A.M.N.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Sviatlana Kashyrskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.L.); (A.B.-D.); (A.M.N.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Justyna Jakubowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Sporna 36/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland; (J.J.); (M.Z.); (A.P.); (K.O.)
| | - Marta Ząbczyńska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Sporna 36/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland; (J.J.); (M.Z.); (A.P.); (K.O.)
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Sporna 36/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland; (J.J.); (M.Z.); (A.P.); (K.O.)
| | - Kinga Ostrowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Sporna 36/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland; (J.J.); (M.Z.); (A.P.); (K.O.)
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.L.); (A.B.-D.); (A.M.N.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (M.B.)
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maria Marzec
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Krakow Institute of Technology, Zakopiańska 73, 30-418 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.M.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.L.); (A.B.-D.); (A.M.N.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (M.B.)
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.M.M.); (K.M.)
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13
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Development overview of Raman-activated cell sorting devoted to bacterial detection at single-cell level. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1315-1331. [PMID: 33481066 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic interactions between bacteria in natural habitat at the single-cell level and the contribution of individual cell to their functions is essential for exploring the dark matter of uncultured bacteria. The combination of Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) and single-cell Raman spectra (SCRS) with unique fingerprint characteristics makes it possible for research in the field of microbiology to enter the single cell era. This review presents an overview of current knowledge about the research progress of recognition and assessment of single bacterium cell based on RACS and further research perspectives. We first systematically summarize the label-free and non-destructive RACS strategies based on microfluidics, microdroplets, optical tweezers, and specially made substrates. The importance of RACS platforms in linking target cell genotype and phenotype is highlighted and the approaches mentioned in this paper for distinguishing single-cell phenotype include surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), biomarkers, stable isotope probing (SIP), and machine learning. Finally, the prospects and challenges of RACS in exploring the world of unknown microorganisms are discussed. KEY POINTS: • Analysis of single bacteria is essential for further understanding of the microbiological world. • Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) systems are significant protocol for characterizing phenotypes and genotypes of individual bacteria.
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14
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Høgset H, Horgan CC, Armstrong JPK, Bergholt MS, Torraca V, Chen Q, Keane TJ, Bugeon L, Dallman MJ, Mostowy S, Stevens MM. In vivo biomolecular imaging of zebrafish embryos using confocal Raman spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6172. [PMID: 33268772 PMCID: PMC7710741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos provide a unique opportunity to visualize complex biological processes, yet conventional imaging modalities are unable to access intricate biomolecular information without compromising the integrity of the embryos. Here, we report the use of confocal Raman spectroscopic imaging for the visualization and multivariate analysis of biomolecular information extracted from unlabeled zebrafish embryos. We outline broad applications of this method in: (i) visualizing the biomolecular distribution of whole embryos in three dimensions, (ii) resolving anatomical features at subcellular spatial resolution, (iii) biomolecular profiling and discrimination of wild type and ΔRD1 mutant Mycobacterium marinum strains in a zebrafish embryo model of tuberculosis and (iv) in vivo temporal monitoring of the wound response in living zebrafish embryos. Overall, this study demonstrates the application of confocal Raman spectroscopic imaging for the comparative bimolecular analysis of fully intact and living zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Høgset
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Conor C Horgan
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James P K Armstrong
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mads S Bergholt
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Craniofacial Development & Stem Cell Biology, Kings College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Vincenzo Torraca
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Qu Chen
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Timothy J Keane
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Laurence Bugeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Margaret J Dallman
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Ditta A, Nawaz H, Mahmood T, Majeed MI, Tahir M, Rashid N, Muddassar M, Al-Saadi AA, Byrne HJ. Principal components analysis of Raman spectral data for screening of Hepatitis C infection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 221:117173. [PMID: 31158766 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, Raman spectroscopy is employed for the identification of the biochemical changes taking place during the development of Hepatitis C. The Raman spectral data acquired from the human blood plasma samples of infected and healthy individuals is analysed by Principal Components Analysis and the Raman spectral markers of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection are identified. Spectral changes include those associated with nucleic acidsat720 cm-1, 1077 cm-1 1678 (CO stretching mode of dGTP of RNA), 1778 cm-1 (RNA), with proteins at 1641 cm-1(amide-I), 1721 cm-1(CC stretching of proteins) and lipids at 1738 cm-1(CO of ester group in lipids). These differences in Raman spectral features of blood plasma samples of the patients and healthy volunteers can be associated with the development of the biochemical changes during HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ditta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - H Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - T Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M I Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - N Rashid
- University of Central Punjab, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A A Al-Saadi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - H J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
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16
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Sinjab F, Awuah D, Gibson G, Padgett M, Ghaemmaghami AM, Notingher I. Holographic optical trapping Raman micro-spectroscopy for non-invasive measurement and manipulation of live cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:25211-25225. [PMID: 30469626 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.025211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach for combining holographic optical tweezers with confocal Raman spectroscopy. Multiple laser foci, generated using a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator, are individually used for both optical trapping and excitation of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy from trapped objects. Raman scattering from each laser focus is spatially filtered using reflective apertures on a digital micro-mirror device, which can be reconfigured with flexible patterns at video rate. We discuss operation of the instrument, and performance and viability considerations for biological measurements. We then demonstrate the capability of the instrument for fast, flexible, and interactive manipulation with molecular measurement of interacting live cell systems.
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17
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Ishigaki M, Meksiarun P, Kitahama Y, Zhang L, Hashimoto H, Genkawa T, Ozaki Y. Unveiling the Aggregation of Lycopene in Vitro and in Vivo: UV-Vis, Resonance Raman, and Raman Imaging Studies. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8046-8057. [PMID: 28817278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the structure of lycopene aggregates both in vitro and in vivo using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Raman spectroscopies. The electronic absorption bands of the J- and H-aggregates in vitro shift to lower and higher energies, respectively, compared to that of the lycopene monomer. Along with these results, the frequencies of the ν1 Raman bands were shifted to lower and higher frequencies, respectively. By plotting the frequencies of the ν1 Raman band against the S0 → S2 transition energy, a linear relationship between the data set with different aggregation conformations can be obtained. Therefore, the band positions depending on the different conformations can be explained based on the idea that the effective conjugated C═C chain lengths within lycopene molecules are different due to the environmental effect (site-shift effect) caused by the aggregation conformation. Applying this knowledge to the in vivo measurement of a tomato fruit sample, the relationship between the aggregation conformation of lycopene and the spectral patterns observed in the UV-vis as well as Raman spectra in different parts of tomato fruits was discussed in detail. The results showed that the concentration of lycopene (particularly that of the J-aggregate) specifically increased, whereas that of chlorophyll decreased, with ripening. Furthermore, Raman imaging indicated that lycopene with different aggregate conformations was distributed inhomogeneously, even within one sample. The layer formation in tomato tissues with high concentrations of J- and H-aggregates was successfully visualized. In this manner, the presence of lycopene distributions with different aggregate conformations was unveiled in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ishigaki
- Kwansei Gakuin University , 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | | | - Yasutaka Kitahama
- Kwansei Gakuin University , 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Kwansei Gakuin University , 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.,College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Kwansei Gakuin University , 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takuma Genkawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Kwansei Gakuin University , 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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18
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Effect of infrared light on live blood cells: Role of β-carotene. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 171:104-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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Atkins CG, Buckley K, Blades MW, Turner RFB. Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Blood Components. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:767-793. [PMID: 28398071 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816686593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood is a bodily fluid that is vital for a number of life functions in animals. To a first approximation, blood is a mildly alkaline aqueous fluid (plasma) in which a large number of free-floating red cells (erythrocytes), white cells (leucocytes), and platelets are suspended. The primary function of blood is to transport oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body and move carbon dioxide in the return direction after it is produced by the cells' metabolism. Blood also carries nutrients to the cells and brings waste products to the liver and kidneys. Measured levels of oxygen, nutrients, waste, and electrolytes in blood are often used for clinical assessment of human health. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that uses the inelastic scattering of light to provide information on chemical composition, and hence has a potential role in this clinical assessment process. Raman spectroscopic probing of blood components and of whole blood has been on-going for more than four decades and has proven useful in applications ranging from the understanding of hemoglobin oxygenation, to the discrimination of cancerous cells from healthy lymphocytes, and the forensic investigation of crime scenes. In this paper, we review the literature in the field, collate the published Raman spectroscopy studies of erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets, plasma, and whole blood, and attempt to draw general conclusions on the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad G Atkins
- 1 Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Canada
- 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Buckley
- 1 Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Canada
- 3 Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory, National University of Ireland, Ireland
| | - Michael W Blades
- 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robin F B Turner
- 1 Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Canada
- 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Canada
- 4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Rau JV, Graziani V, Fosca M, Taffon C, Rocchia M, Crucitti P, Pozzilli P, Onetti Muda A, Caricato M, Crescenzi A. RAMAN spectroscopy imaging improves the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35117. [PMID: 27725756 PMCID: PMC5057130 DOI: 10.1038/srep35117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations strongly suggest that Raman spectroscopy (RS) can be used as a clinical tool in cancer diagnosis to improve diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of Raman imaging microscopy to discriminate between healthy and neoplastic thyroid tissue, by analyzing main variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC), the most common type of thyroid cancer. We performed Raman imaging of large tissue areas (from 100 × 100 μm2 up to 1 × 1 mm2), collecting 38 maps containing about 9000 Raman spectra. Multivariate statistical methods, including Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), were applied to translate Raman spectra differences between healthy and PTC tissues into diagnostically useful information for a reliable tissue classification. Our study is the first demonstration of specific biochemical features of the PTC profile, characterized by significant presence of carotenoids with respect to the healthy tissue. Moreover, this is the first evidence of Raman spectra differentiation between classical and follicular variant of PTC, discriminated by LDA with high efficiency. The combined histological and Raman microscopy analyses allow clear-cut integration of morphological and biochemical observations, with dramatic improvement of efficiency and reliability in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic thyroid nodules, paving the way to integrative findings for tumorigenesis and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio Graziani
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Pierfilippo Crucitti
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Onetti Muda
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Caricato
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
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21
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Majzner K, Wojcik T, Szafraniec E, Lukawska M, Oszczapowicz I, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Nuclear accumulation of anthracyclines in the endothelium studied by bimodal imaging: fluorescence and Raman microscopy. Analyst 2015; 140:2302-10. [PMID: 25599102 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01882f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline antibiotics display genotoxic activity towards cancer cells but their clinical utility is limited by their cardiac and vascular toxicity. The aim of this study was to develop a Raman-based methodology to study the nuclear accumulation of anthracyclines in the endothelium. For this purpose bimodal confocal Raman and fluorescence imaging was used to monitor cellular composition changes as a result of anthracycline exposure on endothelial cells (EA.hy926), and nuclear drug accumulation, respectively. Simultaneously effects of anthracyclines on endothelium viability were investigated by caspases-3 and -7 and MTT assays. We demonstrated that nuclear accumulation of DOX and EDOX was similar; however, EDNR accumulated in endothelial nuclei at concentrations 10 times higher than DNR. In turn, epimers of DOX or DNR were both consistently less toxic on the endothelium as compared to their congeners as evidenced by MTT and caspase assays. In summary, bimodal Raman and fluorescence-based nucleus profiling proves to be a valuable tool to study structure-activity relationship of nuclear accumulation and toxicity of anthracyclines in endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Majzner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Krakow, Poland
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Silge A, Abdou E, Schneider K, Meisel S, Bocklitz T, Lu-Walther HW, Heintzmann R, Rösch P, Popp J. Shedding light on host niches: label-freein situdetection ofMycobacterium gordonaevia carotenoids in macrophages by Raman microspectroscopy. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:832-42. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Silge
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena D-07743 Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 Jena D-07743 Germany
| | - Elias Abdou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena D-07743 Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 Jena D-07743 Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care; University Hospital Jena; Erlanger Alee 101 Jena D-07747 Germany
| | - Kilian Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena D-07743 Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 Jena D-07743 Germany
| | - Susann Meisel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena D-07743 Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 Jena D-07743 Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena D-07743 Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 Jena D-07743 Germany
| | - Hui-Wen Lu-Walther
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 Jena D-07745 Germany
| | - Rainer Heintzmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena D-07743 Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 Jena D-07745 Germany
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena D-07743 Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 Jena D-07743 Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena D-07743 Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 Jena D-07743 Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 Jena D-07745 Germany
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Abstract
In recent years, the field of Raman spectroscopy has witnessed a surge in technological development, with the incorporation of ultrasensitive, charge-coupled devices, improved laser sources and precision Rayleigh-filter systems. This has led to the development of sensitive confocal micro-Raman spectrometers and imaging spectrometers that are capable of obtaining high spatial-resolution spectra and images of subcellular components within single living cells. This review reports on the application of resonance micro-Raman spectroscopy to the study of malaria pigment (hemozoin), a by-product of hemoglobin catabolization by the malaria parasite, which is an important target site for antimalarial drugs. The review aims to briefly describe recent studies on the application of this technology, elucidate molecular and electronic properties of the malaria pigment and its synthetic analog beta-hematin, provide insight into the mechanism of hemozoin formation within the food vacuole of the parasite, and comment on developing strategies for using this technology in drug-screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayden R Wood
- Monash University, Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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Notingher I, Hench LL. Raman microspectroscopy: a noninvasive tool for studies of individual living cellsin vitro. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 3:215-34. [PMID: 16515388 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.3.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for noninvasive methods that are able to monitor individual live cells in vitro, including in vitro testing of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, monitoring the growth of engineered tissues and the development of cell-based biosensors. Raman spectroscopy is a pure optical technique based on inelastic scattering of laser photons by molecular vibrations of biopolymers, which provide a chemical fingerprint of cells or organelles without fixation, lysis or the use of labels and other contrast-enhancing chemicals. Changes in cells during the cell cycle, cell death, differentiation or during the interaction with various chemicals or materials involve biochemical changes that can be measured with high spatial ( approximately 300 nm) and temporal (seconds to minutes) resolution. The latest technological developments, especially high-sensitivity charged coupled detectors and high-power near-infrared lasers, have spurred the growth of Raman microspectroscopy towards being a well established analytical tool. This review covers the recent applications of this technique, including studies of individual cells, both pro- and eukaryotes, and emphasizes the potential impact on modern scientific endeavors, such as tissue engineering and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Notingher
- University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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General Overview on Vibrational Spectroscopy Applied in Biology and Medicine. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7832-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Manabe Y, Hirata T, Sugawara T. Suppressive Effects of Carotenoids on the Antigen-induced Degranulation in RBL-2H3 Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:291-4. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hill GE, Johnson JD. The Vitamin A–Redox Hypothesis: A Biochemical Basis for Honest Signaling via Carotenoid Pigmentation. Am Nat 2012; 180:E127-50. [DOI: 10.1086/667861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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le Roux K, Prinsloo LC, Hussein AA, Lall N. A micro-Raman spectroscopic investigation of leukemic U-937 cells treated with Crotalaria agatiflora Schweinf and the isolated compound madurensine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 95:547-554. [PMID: 22580136 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In South Africa traditional medicine plays an important role in primary health care and therefore it is very important that the medicinal use of plants is scientifically tested for toxicity and effectiveness. It was established that the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Crotalaria agatiflora, as well as the isolated compound madurensine, is moderately toxic against leukemic U-937 cells. Light microscopic investigations indicated that symptoms of cell death are induced during treatments, but flow cytometry analysis of treated cells, using annexin-V and propidium iodide, showed that apoptosis and necrosis are insignificantly induced. The Raman results suggested that protein extraction and DNA melting occur in the cells during treatment with the ethanolic extracts (IC(50) value 73.9 μg/mL), drastically changing the molecular content of the cells. In contrast, treatment with madurensine (IC(50) value 136.5 μg/mL), an isolated pyrrolizidine alkaloid from the ethanolic extract of the leaves, did not have the same effect. The results are also compared to that of cells treated with actinomycin D, a compound known to induce apoptosis. The investigation showed that micro-Raman spectroscopy has great promise to be used for initial screening of samples to determine the effects of different treatments on cancerous cell lines together with conventional methods. The results highlight the fact that for many natural products used for medicinal purposes, the therapeutic effect of the crude plant extract tends to be significantly more effective than the particular action of its individual constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlien le Roux
- Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Ramoji A, Neugebauer U, Bocklitz T, Foerster M, Kiehntopf M, Bauer M, Popp J. Toward a spectroscopic hemogram: Raman spectroscopic differentiation of the two most abundant leukocytes from peripheral blood. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5335-42. [PMID: 22721427 DOI: 10.1021/ac3007363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first response to infection in the blood is mediated by leukocytes. As a result crucial information can be gained from a hemogram. Conventional methods such as blood smears and automated sorting procedures are not capable of recording detailed biochemical information of the different leukocytes. In this study, Raman spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the differences between the leukocyte subtypes which have been obtained from healthy donors. Raman imaging was able to visualize the same morphological features as standard staining methods without the need of any label. Unsupervised statistical methods such as principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were able to separate Raman spectra of the two most abundant leukocytes, the neutrophils and lymphocytes (with a special focus on CD4(+) T-lymphocytes). For the same cells a classification model was built to allow an automated Raman-based differentiation of the cell type in the future. The classification model could achieve an accuracy of 94% in the validation step and could predict the identity of unknown cells from a completely different donor with an accuracy of 81% when using single spectra and with an accuracy of 97% when using the majority vote from all individual spectra of the cell. This marks a promising step toward automated Raman spectroscopic blood analysis which holds the potential not only to assign the numbers of the cells but also to yield important biochemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ramoji
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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30
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Smith ZJ, Wang JCE, Quataert SA, Berger AJ. Integrated Raman and angular scattering microscopy reveals chemical and morphological differences between activated and nonactivated CD8+ T lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:036021. [PMID: 20615023 PMCID: PMC2903831 DOI: 10.1117/1.3443794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Integrated Raman and angular-scattering microscopy (IRAM) is a multimodal platform capable of noninvasively probing both the chemistry and morphology of a single cell without prior labeling. Using this system, we are able to detect activation-dependent changes in the Raman and elastic-scattering signals from CD8+ T cells stimulated with either Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). In both cases, results obtained from the IRAM instrument correlate well with results obtained from traditional fluorescence-based flow cytometry for paired samples. SEB-mediated activation was distinguished from resting state in CD8+ T cells by an increase in the number and mean size of small ( approximately 500-nm) elastic scatterers as well as a decrease in Raman bands, indicating changes in nuclear content. PMA-mediated activation induced a different profile in CD8+ T cells from SEB, showing a similar increase in small elastic scatterers but a different Raman change, with elevation of cellular protein and lipid bands. These results suggest the potential of this multimodal, label-free optical technique for studying processes in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Smith
- University of Rochester, The Institute of Optics, 275 Hutchison Road, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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31
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Wood BR, Caspers P, Puppels GJ, Pandiancherri S, McNaughton D. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of red blood cells using near-infrared laser excitation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:1691-703. [PMID: 17151857 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectra of oxygenated and deoxygenated functional erythrocytes recorded using 785 nm laser excitation are presented. The high-quality spectra show a mixture of enhanced A(1g), A(2g), B(1g), B(2g), E(u) and vinyl modes. The high sensitivity of the Raman system enabled spectra from four oxygenation and deoxygenation cycles to be recorded with only 18 mW of power at the sample over a 60-minute period. This low power prevented photo-/thermal degradation and negated protein denaturation leading to heme aggregation. The large database consisting of 210 spectra from the four cycles was analyzed with principal components analysis (PCA). The PC1 loadings plot provided exquisite detail on bands associated with the oxygenated and deoxygenated states. The enhancement of a band at 567 cm(-1), observed in the spectra of oxygenated cells and the corresponding PC1 loadings plot, was assigned to the Fe-O(2) stretching mode, while a band appearing at 419 cm(-1) was assigned to the Fe-O-O bending mode based on previous studies. For deoxygenated cells, the enhancement of B(1g) modes at 785 nm excitation is consistent with vibronic coupling between band III and the Soret transition. In the case of oxygenated cells, the enhancement of iron-axial out-of-plane modes and non-totally symmetric modes is consistent with enhancement into the y,z-polarized transition a(iu)(pi)-->d(xz)+O(2)(pi(g)) centered at 785 nm. The enhancement of non-totally symmetric B(1g) modes in oxygenated cells suggests vibronic coupling between band IV and the Soret band. This study provides new insights into the vibrational dynamics, electronic structure and resonant enhancement of heme moieties within functional erythrocytes at near-IR excitation wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayden R Wood
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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32
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Briviba K, Bornemann R, Lemmer U. Visualization of astaxanthin localization in HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells by combined confocal resonance Raman and fluorescence microspectroscopy. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:991-5. [PMID: 17039456 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a carotenoid found in plants and seafood, exhibits antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. We show that astaxanthin delivered with tetrahydrofuran is effectively taken up by cultured colon adenocarcinoma cells and is localized mostly in the cytoplasm as detected by confocal resonance Raman and broad-band fluorescence microspectroscopy image analysis. Cells incubated with beta-carotene at the same concentration as astaxanthin (10 microM) showed about a 50-fold lower cellular amount of beta-carotene, as detected by HPLC. No detectable Raman signal of beta-carotene was found in cells, but a weak broad-band fluorescence signal of beta-carotene was observed. beta-Carotene, like astaxanthin, was localized mostly in the cytoplasm. The heterogeneity of astaxanthin and beta-carotene cellular distribution in cells of intestinal origin suggests that the possible defense against reactive molecules by carotenoids in these cells may also be heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlis Briviba
- Lichttechnisches Institut and Center for Functional Nanostructures, Universität Karlsruhe TH, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Rösch P, Harz M, Schmitt M, Peschke KD, Ronneberger O, Burkhardt H, Motzkus HW, Lankers M, Hofer S, Thiele H, Popp J. Chemotaxonomic identification of single bacteria by micro-Raman spectroscopy: application to clean-room-relevant biological contaminations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1626-37. [PMID: 15746368 PMCID: PMC1065155 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.3.1626-1637.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, such as bacteria, which might be present as contamination inside an industrial food or pharmaceutical clean room process need to be identified on short time scales in order to minimize possible health hazards as well as production downtimes causing financial deficits. Here we describe the first results of single-particle micro-Raman measurements in combination with a classification method, the so-called support vector machine technique, allowing for a fast, reliable, and nondestructive online identification method for single bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rösch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Koljenović S, Bakker Schut TC, van Meerbeeck JP, Maat APWM, Burgers SA, Zondervan PE, Kros JM, Puppels GJ. Raman microspectroscopic mapping studies of human bronchial tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2004; 9:1187-1197. [PMID: 15568939 DOI: 10.1117/1.1805555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the biochemical composition of normal bronchial tissue is a prerequisite for understanding the biochemical changes that accompany histological changes during lung cancer development. In this study, 12 Raman microspectroscopic mapping experiments are performed on frozen sections of normal bronchial tissue. Pseudocolor Raman images are constructed using principal component analysis and K-means cluster analysis. Subsequent comparison of Raman images with histologic evaluation of stained sections enables the identification of the morphologic origin (e.g., bronchial mucus, epithelium, fibrocollagenous stroma, smooth muscle, glandular tissue, and cartilage) of the spectral features. Raman spectra collected from the basal side of epithelium consistently show higher DNA contributions and lower lipid contributions when compared with superficial epithelium spectra. Spectra of bronchial mucus reveal a strong signal contribution of lipids, predominantly triolein. These spectra are almost identical to the spectra obtained from submucosal glands, which suggests that the bronchial mucus is mainly composed of gland secretions. Different parts of fibrocollagenous tissue are distinguished by differences in spectral contributions from collagen and actin/myosin. Cartilage is identified by spectral contributions of glycosaminoglycans and collagen. As demonstrated here, in situ analysis of the molecular composition of histologic structures by Raman microspectroscopic mapping creates powerful opportunities for increasing our fundamental understanding of tissue organization and function. Moreover, it provides a firm basis for further in vitro and in vivo investigations of the biochemical changes that accompany pathologic transformation of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senada Koljenović
- Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Intensive Care Research and Optical Spectroscopy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Uzunbajakava N, Lenferink A, Kraan Y, Willekens B, Vrensen G, Greve J, Otto C. Nonresonant Raman imaging of protein distribution in single human cells. Biopolymers 2004; 72:1-9. [PMID: 12400086 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A confocal Raman microscope is used to study the protein distribution inside biological cells. It is shown that high quality Raman imaging of the protein distribution can be obtained using confocal nonresonant Raman imaging (lambda(exc) = 647.1 nm). The results are shown for two different human cell types. Perpheral blood lymphocytes are used as an example of the fully maturated cells with a low level of nuclear transcription. Human eye lens epithelial cells are used as an example of cells with a high level of nuclear activity. The protein distribution in both cell types is completely different. The nuclear distribution of the protein largely varies in the peripheral blood lymphocyte cells, while proteins are more homogenously distributed over the nuclear space in the eye lens epithelial cells. The imaging time is approximately 20 min for a field of view of 10 x 10 microm(2). The size of the sampling volume is 1.4 fL using a full width at half-maximum criterion along the z axis and a 1/e(2) criterion in the xy plane. The results presented here indicate that Raman imaging is particularly of interest in the study of cellular processes, like phagocytosis, apoptosis, chromatin compaction, and cellular differentiation, which are accompanied by relatively large-scale redistributions of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Uzunbajakava
- Biomedical Technology Institute, Department of Applied Physics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Uzunbajakava N, Otto C. Combined Raman and continuous-wave-excited two-photon fluorescence cell imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2003; 28:2073-2075. [PMID: 14587819 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.002073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a confocal optical microscope that combines cw two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy with confocal Raman microscopy. With this microscope fast image acquisition with fluorescence imaging can be used to select areas of interest for subsequent chemical analysis with spontaneous Raman imaging. The distribution of the UV-absorbing fluorophore Hoechst 33342 in the apoptotic HeLa cells is measured in the combined cw two-photon-excited fluorescence and Raman microscopy modes. The 647-nm line of a Kr-ion laser is used to excite both the Raman scattering and the two-photon-excited fluorescence emission. The lateral and axial resolutions in the two imaging modes are compared by use of the Gaussian beam approximation and backprojection of the focal volume through the confocal pinhole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Uzunbajakava
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Institute, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Uzunbajakava N, Lenferink A, Kraan Y, Volokhina E, Vrensen G, Greve J, Otto C. Nonresonant confocal Raman imaging of DNA and protein distribution in apoptotic cells. Biophys J 2003; 84:3968-81. [PMID: 12770902 PMCID: PMC1302978 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)75124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2002] [Accepted: 01/28/2003] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonresonant confocal Raman imaging has been used to map the DNA and the protein distributions in individual single human cells. The images are obtained on an improved homebuilt confocal Raman microscope. After statistical analysis, using singular value decomposition, the Raman images are reconstructed from the spectra covering the fingerprint region. The data are obtained at a step interval of approximately 250 nm and cover a field from 8- to 15- micro m square in size. Dwell times at each pixel are between 0.5 and 2 s, depending on the nature and the state of the cell under investigation. High quality nonresonant Raman images can only be obtained under these conditions using continuous wave high laser powers between 60 and 120 mW. We will present evidence that these laser powers can still safely be used to recover the chemical distributions in fixed cells. The developed Raman imaging method is used to image directly, i.e., without prior labeling, the nucleotide condensation and the protein distribution in the so-called nuclear fragments of apoptotic HeLa cells. In the control (nonapoptotic) HeLa cells, we show, for the first time by Raman microspectroscopy, the presence of the RNA in a cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Uzunbajakava
- Biomedical Technology Institute, Department of Applied Physics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Astley SB, Elliott RM, Archer DB, Southon S. Increased cellular carotenoid levels reduce the persistence of DNA single-strand breaks after oxidative challenge. Nutr Cancer 2003; 43:202-13. [PMID: 12588700 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc432_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants, such as the carotenoids, may protect DNA from oxidative damage. This has been proposed to explain the epidemiological association between higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in antioxidants, and lower incidence of cancer. However, this remains to be demonstrated conclusively. The effects of carotenoid supplementation on 1) baseline DNA damage, 2) susceptibility of cellular DNA to oxidative attack, and 3) DNA repair were measured in the human lymphocyte cell line Molt-17. Baseline DNA damage, susceptibility to oxidant attack (100 mumol/l H2O2 for 5 min at 4 degrees C), and disappearance of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) after oxidative challenge were monitored by single-cell gel electrophoresis. DNA repair patch synthesis activity in cell extracts was determined using assays that measure nucleotide incorporation during repair of oxidative lesions in template DNA. Unlike single-cell gel electrophoresis, the parameters measured with these assays are not dependent on strand break religation. There was no evidence that beta-carotene, lutein, or beta-cryptoxanthin supplementation protected cellular DNA from oxidation under basal conditions or after oxidative challenge. However, only carotenoid-supplemented cells exhibited a significant decrease in numbers of SSB over a 2-h period after treatment with H2O2. Carotenoid supplementation did not provoke any detectable change in repair patch synthesis activity. We conclude that supplementation with carotenoids at 8 mumol/l does not provide significant antioxidant protection for DNA in Molt-17 lymphocytes but may enhance recovery of cells from oxidative challenge, as measured by loss of SSB. We argue that these data are most consistent with carotenoids acting to enhance DNA strand break repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân B Astley
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Arikan S, Sands HS, Rodway RG, Batchelder DN. Raman spectroscopy and imaging of beta-carotene in live corpus luteum cells. Anim Reprod Sci 2002; 71:249-66. [PMID: 12047933 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(02)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been used to identify and locate beta-carotene within individual living luteal cells. The cells were either freshly prepared or cultured; the latter was incubated in the presence or absence of beta-carotene in the form of enriched bovine high-density lipoprotein. Luteal cells were investigated using several Raman spectroscopic and imaging techniques. These techniques did not give accurate concentration levels of beta-carotene within parts of the cell but illustrated the distribution of the molecule. Freshly prepared luteal cells were found to contain an appreciable concentration of beta-carotene. Over a period of several days, the concentration gradually reduced to a nearly undetectable level; similar results were found for cells cultured in the absence of the beta-carotene. For cells cultured in the presence of beta-carotene, the molecular concentration was maintained for as long as 2 weeks. The Raman spectra of fragmented cells showed that the beta-carotene is predominantly localised in the lipid-rich cell components, with the concentration highest in the microsomal fraction. The Raman imaging techniques revealed that beta-carotene was spread over the entire volume of the luteal cells with higher levels occurring at distinct sites, including the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arikan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, University of Leeds, UK.
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Gruszecki WI, Zelent B, Tajmir-Riahi HA, Wang G, Taleb T, Veeranjaneyulu K, Leblanc RM. Chlorophyll a–violaxanthin interactions in monolayers at air–water interface and in Langmuir–Blodgett films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(00)00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Schuster KC, Reese I, Urlaub E, Gapes JR, Lendl B. Multidimensional information on the chemical composition of single bacterial cells by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Anal Chem 2000; 72:5529-34. [PMID: 11101227 DOI: 10.1021/ac000718x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In many biotechnological processes, living microorganisms are used as biocatalysts. Biochemical engineering science is becoming more aware that individual cells of an organism in a process can be fairly inhomogeneous regarding their properties and physiological status. Raman microspectroscopy is a novel approach to characterize such differentiated populations. Cells of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii were dried on transparent support surfaces. The laser beam of a confocal Raman microscope was focused on individual cells viewed through the objective. Single bacterial cells in size approximately 1 microm and sample mass approximately 1 pg could be analyzed within a few minutes, when placed on a calcium fluoride support and using excitation at 632.8 nm. Spectral features could be attributed to all major cell components. Cells from a morphologically differentiated culture sample showed different compositions, indicating the presence of subpopulations. As a reference, the storage polymer granulose was detected. The multidimensional information in Raman spectra gives a global view on all major components of the cell at once, complementing other more specific information-rich methods for single-cell analysis. The method can be used, for example, to study heterogeneities in a microbial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Schuster
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Wien, Austria
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Sijtsema NM, Tibbe AG, Segers-Nolten IG, Verhoeven AJ, Weening RS, Greve J, Otto C. Intracellular reactions in single human granulocytes upon phorbol myristate acetate activation using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Biophys J 2000; 78:2606-13. [PMID: 10777757 PMCID: PMC1300850 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have obtained new evidence for the occurrence of intracellular NADPH-oxidase activity in neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). PMA activation leads to a partial translocation of cytochrome b(558) from the membranes of the specific granules to the plasma membrane. It was suggested that NADPH-oxidase activity only takes place in the plasma membrane, leading to an extracellular release of oxygen metabolites because cellular self-destruction can be avoided in this way. The effects of PMA activation were indirectly studied in recent experiments employing scavengers of extracellular superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, and support for intracellular NADPH-oxidase activity was obtained. In this paper we use Raman microspectroscopy as a direct method to study intracellular molecular reactions that result from cellular triggering by PMA. The molecular specificity of this microscopic method enables us to show that intracellular reduction of both myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cytochrome b(558) occurs in neutrophilic granulocytes. Control measurements with cytochrome b(558)-deficient neutrophilic granulocytes did not show a reduction of intracellular MPO. This is direct support for the occurrence of intracellular NADPH-oxidase activity in organelles that must be in close contact with the azurophilic granules that contain MPO. Furthermore, a comparison was made with chemical reactions occurring in eosinophilic granulocytes after activation with PMA. Moreover, in these cells an intracellular reduction of eosinophil peroxidase was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Sijtsema
- University of Twente, Institute for Biomedical Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Applied Optics Group (TOP), 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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beta-Carotene and selenium supplementation enhances immune response in aged humans. INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE : INTEGRATING CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2000; 2:85-92. [PMID: 10882881 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-2190(00)00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nutritional research has focused on the effects of specific nutrients' ability to cause or prevent cancer. While beta-carotene and selenium (both important for antioxidant systems) have cancer prevention capabilities, their antineoplastic mechanism(s) remains to be elucidated. Methods: In a prospective, randomized study design we evaluated immunological changes in free-living, healthy aged humans (57-84 years of age) given a placebo, beta-carotene (45 mg/day), and/or selenium (400 µg/day) supplement for 6 months and after 2 months of discontinuation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated and subtyped using flowcytometry. Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity was determined by a fluorescent method. Plasma diene conjugates were assessed to evaluate changes in oxidative stress. Results: Selenium and selenium plus beta-carotene supplementation caused an increase in total T cells by 27% and 31%, respectively (p <.05). The only group that was different (in T lymphocytes) from the controls (placebo group) after 6 months of supplementation (p <.05) was the selenium-supplemented group (+65%). Much of this increase was the result of an increase in CD4(+) T-cell subsets. Selenium or beta-carotene supplementation for 3 months increased NK cell cytotoxicity over pretreatment levels by 58% and 34%, respectively; however, these levels returned to +12% and -6% of pretreatment levels after 6 months supplementation. Selenium plus beta-carotene supplementation caused an increase in the percentage of NK cell by 121% and 161% at 3 and 6 months, respectively. However, the increased numbers of NK cells were not correlated with NK cell activity. Conclusions: We found that selenium enhanced immune function (NK cell cytotoxicity) and phenotypic expression of T-cell subsets, whereas beta-carotene affected only immune function. Increased NK cell cytotoxicity may last for only a short period of supplementation and was not sustained throughout the 6 months of supplementation. Supplemental selenium and beta-carotene seemed to affect immune function in aged subjects by different mechanisms.
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Hanlon EB, Manoharan R, Koo TW, Shafer KE, Motz JT, Fitzmaurice M, Kramer JR, Itzkan I, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Prospects for in vivo Raman spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol 2000; 45:R1-59. [PMID: 10701500 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/45/2/201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a potentially important clinical tool for real-time diagnosis of disease and in situ evaluation of living tissue. The purpose of this article is to review the biological and physical basis of Raman spectroscopy of tissue, to assess the current status of the field and to explore future directions. The principles of Raman spectroscopy and the molecular level information it provides are explained. An overview of the evolution of Raman spectroscopic techniques in biology and medicine, from early investigations using visible laser excitation to present-day technology based on near-infrared laser excitation and charge-coupled device array detection, is presented. State-of-the-art Raman spectrometer systems for research laboratory and clinical settings are described. Modern methods of multivariate spectral analysis for extracting diagnostic, chemical and morphological information are reviewed. Several in-depth applications are presented to illustrate the methods of collecting, processing and analysing data, as well as the range of medical applications under study. Finally, the issues to be addressed in implementing Raman spectroscopy in various clinical applications, as well as some long-term directions for future study, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Hanlon
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, George R Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
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Ghidoni R, Sala G, Giuliani A. Use of sphingolipid analogs: benefits and risks. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1439:17-39. [PMID: 10395962 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Ghidoni
- INSERM U410, Neuroendocrinologie et Biologie Cellulaire Digestives, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.
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Sijtsema NM, Otto C, Segers-Nolten GM, Verhoeven AJ, Greve J. Resonance Raman microspectroscopy of myeloperoxidase and cytochrome b558 in human neutrophilic granulocytes. Biophys J 1998; 74:3250-5. [PMID: 9635778 PMCID: PMC1299665 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)78031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With (resonance) Raman microscospectroscopy, it is possible to investigate the chemical constitution of a very small volume (0.5 fl) in a living cell. We have measured resonance Raman spectra in the cytoplasm of living normal, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-deficient, and cytochrome b558-deficient neutrophils and in isolated specific and azurophilic granule fractions, using an excitation wavelength of 413.1 nm. Similar experiments were performed after reduction of the redox centers by the addition of sodium dithionite. The specific and azurophilic granules in both redox states appeared to have clearly distinguishable Raman spectra when exciting at a wavelength of 413.1 nm. The azurophilic granules and the cytochrome b558-deficient neutrophils showed Raman spectra similar to that of the isolated MPO. The spectra of the specific granules and the MPO-deficient neutrophils corresponded very well to published cytochrome b558 spectra. The resonance Raman spectrum of the cytoplasmic region of normal neutrophilic granulocytes could be fitted with a combination of the spectra of the specific and azurophilic granules, which shows that the Raman signal of neutrophilic granulocytes mainly originates from MPO and cytochrome b558, at an excitation wavelength of 413.1 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Sijtsema
- Department of Applied Physics, Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Takai Y, Masuko T, Takeuchi H. Lipid structure of cytotoxic granules in living human killer T lymphocytes studied by Raman microspectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1335:199-208. [PMID: 9133657 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(96)00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The structures of cytotoxic granules in interleukin-2-activated human killer T lymphocytes have been investigated by Raman microspectroscopy at a single cell level. The Raman spectra of granules share a common feature that lipid Raman bands are much stronger than the Raman bands due to protein, indicating that one of the main components of the granule is lipid. To analyze the lipid structures of individual granules, relationships between Raman spectra and structures have been examined for a series of triacylgycerols with varied degrees of acyl chain unsaturation. Analysis based on the relationships shows that the granulous lipid is characterized by a high content of cis C=C bond, which ranges from about 1.5 C=C bonds per acyl chain in isolated minor granules and to about 2.2 C=C bonds in clustering major granules. The highly unsaturated lipid of major cytotoxic granules is in sharp contrast to the moderately unsaturated (about one C=C bond per acyl chain) plasma membrane lipid. The large difference in lipid unsaturation between the granule and plasma membrane may have relevance to the role of granulous lipid in packaging cytotoxic proteins inside the granule and preventing them from attacking the killer lymphocyte itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takai
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Japan
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Bakker Schut TC, Puppels GJ, Kraan YM, Greve J, van der Maas LL, Figdor CG. Intracellular carotenoid levels measured by Raman microspectroscopy: comparison of lymphocytes from lung cancer patients and healthy individuals. Int J Cancer 1997; 74:20-5. [PMID: 9036864 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970220)74:1<20::aid-ijc4>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Most studies concerning a possible protective role of carotenoids against cancer focus on serum carotenoid levels. We have used Raman microspectroscopy to study the intracellular amounts of carotenoids in lymphocytes of lung cancer patients and of healthy individuals. Our results indicate a significant decrease of carotenoids in lung carcinoma patients compared with healthy individuals, particularly in adenocarcinoma patients. Carotenoid supplementation raised the serum concentration in 2 lung cancer patients up to normal levels, whereas intracellular content remained significantly lower. This indicates that carotenoid uptake by lymphocytes is not only dependent on serum carotenoid concentration. Our findings indicate that Raman microspectroscopy, a recently developed technique to measure intracellular levels of drugs, is also well suited to obtain quantitative data on carotenoid amounts inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Bakker Schut
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Puppels G, Schut T, Sijtsema N, Grond M, Maraboeuf F, de Grauw C, Figdor C, Greve J. Development and application of Raman microspectroscopic and Raman imaging techniques for cell biological studies. J Mol Struct 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(95)08570-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Salmaso BL, Puppels GJ, Caspers PJ, Floris R, Wever R, Greve J. Resonance Raman microspectroscopic characterization of eosinophil peroxidase in human eosinophilic granulocytes. Biophys J 1994; 67:436-46. [PMID: 7919017 PMCID: PMC1225376 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A resonance Raman microspectroscopic study is presented of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in human eosinophilic granulocytes. Experiments were carried out at the single cell level with laser excitation in Soret-, Qv-, and charge transfer absorption bands of the active site heme of the enzyme. The Raman signal obtained from the cells was almost exclusively due to EPO. Methods were developed to determine depolarization ratios and excitation profiles of Raman bands of EPO in situ. A number of Raman band assignments based on earlier experiments with isolated EPO have been revised. The results show that in agreement with literature on isolated eosinophil peroxidase, the prosthetic group of the enzyme in the (unactivated) cells is a high spin, 6-coordinated, ferric protoporphyrin IX. The core size of the heme is about 2.04 A. The proximal and distal axial ligands are most likely a histidine with the strong imidazolate character typical for peroxidases, and a weakly bound water molecule, respectively. The data furthermore indicate that the central iron is displaced from the plane of the heme ring. The unusual low wavenumber Raman spectrum of EPO, strongly resembling that of lactoperoxidase, intestinal peroxidase and myeloperoxidase, suggests that these mammalian peroxidases are closely related, and characterized by, as yet unspecified, interactions between the peripheral substituents and the protein, different from those found in other protoheme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Salmaso
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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