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Dinh MTP, Mukhamedshin A, Abhishek K, Lam FW, Gifford SC, Shevkoplyas SS. Separation of platelets by size in a microfluidic device based on controlled incremental filtration. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:913-923. [PMID: 38263850 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The significant biological and functional differences between small and large platelets suggested by recent studies could have profound implications for transfusion medicine. However, investigating the relationship between platelet size and function is challenging because separating platelets by size without affecting their properties is difficult. A standard approach is centrifugation, but it inevitably leads to premature activation and aggregation of separated platelets. This paper describes the development and validation of a microfluidic device based on controlled incremental filtration (CIF) for separating platelets by size without the cell damage and usability limitations associated with centrifugation. Platelet samples derived from whole blood were used to evaluate the dependence of the CIF device separation performance on design parameters and flow rate, and to compare the properties of PLT fractions generated by the CIF device with those produced using a centrifugation protocol in a split-sample study. This was accomplished by quantifying the platelet size distribution, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) and platelet activation before and after processing for all input and output samples. The 'large platelet' fractions produced by the CIF device and the centrifugation protocol were essentially equivalent (no significant difference in MPV and P-LCR). Platelets in the 'small platelet' fraction produced by the CIF device were significantly smaller than those produced by centrifugation (lower MPV and P-LCR). This was because the CIF 'small platelet' fraction was contaminated by much fewer large platelets (∼2-times lower recovery of >12 fL platelets) and retained the smallest platelets that were discarded by the centrifugation protocol. There was no significant difference in platelet activation between the two methods. However, centrifugation required a substantial amount of additional anticoagulant to prevent platelet aggregation during pelleting. Unlike centrifugation, the CIF device offered continuous, flow-through, single-step processing that did not cause platelet aggregation. Such a capability has the potential to accelerate the basic studies of the relationship between platelet size and function, and ultimately improve transfusion practice, particularly in the pediatric setting, where the need for low-volume, high-quality platelet transfusions is most urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T P Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204-5060, USA.
| | - Anton Mukhamedshin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204-5060, USA.
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204-5060, USA.
| | - Fong W Lam
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean C Gifford
- Halcyon Biomedical Incorporated, Friendswood, TX 77546, USA
| | - Sergey S Shevkoplyas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204-5060, USA.
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2
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Yastrebova ES, Gisich AV, Nekrasov VM, Gilev KV, Strokotov DI, Chernyshev AV, Karpenko AA, Maltsev VP. A light scatter based model relating erythrocyte vesiculation to lifetime in circulation. Cytometry A 2023; 103:712-722. [PMID: 37195007 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Methods for measuring erythrocyte age distribution are not available as a simple analytical tool. Most of them utilize the fluorescence or radioactive isotopes labeling to construct the age distribution and support physicians with aging indices of donor's erythrocytes. The age distribution of erythrocyte may be a useful snapshot of patient state over 120-days period of life. Previously, we introduced the enhanced assay of erythrocytes with measurement of 48 indices in four categories: concentration/content, morphology, aging and function (10.1002/cyto.a.24554). The aging category was formed by the indices based on the evaluation of the derived age of individual cells. The derived age does not exactly mean the real age of erythrocytes and its evaluation utilizes changes of cellular morphology during a lifespan. In this study, we are introducing the improved methodological approach that allows us to retrieve the derived age of individual erythrocytes, to construct the aging distribution, and to reform the aging category consisting of eight indices. The approach is based on the analysis of the erythrocyte vesiculation. The erythrocyte morphology is analyzed by scanning flow cytometry that measures the primary characteristics (diameter, thickness, and waist) of individual cells. The surface area (S) and sphericity index (SI) are calculated from the primary characteristics and the scattering diagram SI versus S is used in the evaluation of the derived age of each erythrocyte in a sample. We developed the algorithm to evaluate the derived age that provides eight indices in the aging category based on a model using light scatter features. The novel erythrocyte indices were measured for simulated cells and blood samples of 50 donors. We determined the first-ever reference intervals for these indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Yastrebova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alla V Gisich
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav M Nekrasov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Gilev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karpenko
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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3
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Strokotov DI, Nekrasov VM, Gilev KV, Karpenko AA, Maltsev VP. Ultraviolet light scattering scanning flow cytometry in the characterization of submicron microparticles. Cytometry A 2023; 103:736-743. [PMID: 37306103 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet lasers are commonly used in flow cytometry to excite fluorochrome molecules with subsequent measurement of the specific fluorescence of individual cells. In this study, the performance of the ultraviolet light scattering (UVLS) in the analysis of individual particles with flow cytometry has been demonstrated for the first time. The main advantage of the UVLS relates to the improvement of the analysis of submicron particles due to the strong dependence of the scattering efficiency on the wavelength of the incident light. In this work, submicron particles were analyzed using a scanning flow cytometer (SFC) that allows measurements of light scattering in an angle-resolved regime. The measured light-scattering profiles of individual particles were utilized in solution of the inverse light-scattering problem to retrieve the particle characteristics using a global optimization. The standard polystyrene microspheres were successfully characterized from the analysis of UVLS which provided the size and refractive index (RI) of individual beads. We believe that the main application of UVLS relates to the analysis of microparticles in a serum, in particular in the analysis of chylomicrons (CMs). We have demonstrated the performance of the UVLS SFC in the analysis of CMs of a donor. The RI versus size scatterplot of CMs was successfully retrieved from the analysis. The current set-up of the SFC has allowed us to characterize individual CMs starting from the size of 160 nm that provides determination of the CM concentration in a serum with flow cytometry. This feature of the UVLS should help with the analysis of lipid metabolism measuring RI and size map evolution after lipase action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav M Nekrasov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Gilev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karpenko
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Biomedical Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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4
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Welsh JA, Arkesteijn GJA, Bremer M, Cimorelli M, Dignat-George F, Giebel B, Görgens A, Hendrix A, Kuiper M, Lacroix R, Lannigan J, van Leeuwen TG, Lozano-Andrés E, Rao S, Robert S, de Rond L, Tang VA, Tertel T, Yan X, Wauben MHM, Nolan JP, Jones JC, Nieuwland R, van der Pol E. A compendium of single extracellular vesicle flow cytometry. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12299. [PMID: 36759917 PMCID: PMC9911638 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) offers a multiparametric technology capable of characterizing single extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, most flow cytometers are designed to detect cells, which are larger than EVs. Whereas cells exceed the background noise, signals originating from EVs partly overlap with the background noise, thereby making EVs more difficult to detect than cells. This technical mismatch together with complexity of EV-containing fluids causes limitations and challenges with conducting, interpreting and reproducing EV FCM experiments. To address and overcome these challenges, researchers from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC), and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) joined forces and initiated the EV FCM working group. To improve the interpretation, reporting, and reproducibility of future EV FCM data, the EV FCM working group published an ISEV position manuscript outlining a framework of minimum information that should be reported about an FCM experiment on single EVs (MIFlowCyt-EV). However, the framework contains limited background information. Therefore, the goal of this compendium is to provide the background information necessary to design and conduct reproducible EV FCM experiments. This compendium contains background information on EVs, the interaction between light and EVs, FCM hardware, experimental design and preanalytical procedures, sample preparation, assay controls, instrument data acquisition and calibration, EV characterization, and data reporting. Although this compendium focuses on EVs, many concepts and explanations could also be applied to FCM detection of other particles within the EV size range, such as bacteria, lipoprotein particles, milk fat globules, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ger J A Arkesteijn
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Cimorelli
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Clinical Research Center, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine Kuiper
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Metrology Institute, VSL, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- Flow Cytometry Support Services, LLC, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Andrés
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shoaib Rao
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Leonie de Rond
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera A Tang
- Flow Cytometry & Virometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John P Nolan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
- Cellarcus Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yastrebova ES, Nekrasov VM, Gilev KV, Gisich AV, Abubakirova OA, Strokotov DI, Chernyshev AV, Karpenko AA, Maltsev VP. Erythrocyte lysis and angle-resolved light scattering measured by scanning flow cytometry result to 48 indices quantifying a gas exchange function of the human organism. Cytometry A 2023; 103:39-53. [PMID: 35349217 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular/cell level of gas exchange function assumes the accurate measurement of erythrocyte characteristics and rate constants concerning to molecules involved into the CO2 /O2 transport. Unfortunately, common hematology analyzers provide the measurement of eight indices of erythrocytes only and say little about erythrocyte morphology and nothing about rate constants of cellular function. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the ability of the Scanning Flow Cytometer (SFC) in the complete morphological analysis of mature erythrocytes and characterization of erythrocyte function via measurement of lysing kinetics. With this study we are introducing 48 erythrocyte indices. To provide the usability of application of the SFC in clinical diagnosis, we formed four categories of indices which are as follows: content/concentration (9 indices), morphology (26 indices), age (5 indices), and function (8 indices). The erythrocytes of 39 healthy volunteers were analyzed with the SFC to fix the first-ever reference intervals for the new indices introduced. The essential measurable reliability of the presented method is expressed in terms of errors of characteristics of single erythrocytes retrieved from the solution of the inverse light-scattering problem and errors of parameters retrieved from the fitting of the experimental kinetics by molecular-kinetics model of erythrocyte lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Yastrebova
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav M Nekrasov
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Gilev
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alla V Gisich
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Abubakirova
- Department of Vascular and Hybrid Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Chernyshev
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karpenko
- Department of Vascular and Hybrid Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Physical department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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6
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Gul B, Syed F, Khan S, Iqbal A, Ahmad I. Characterization of extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry: Challenges and promises. Micron 2022; 161:103341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2022.103341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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7
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van der Pol E, Welsh JA, Nieuwland R. Minimum information to report about a flow cytometry experiment on extracellular vesicles: Communication from the ISTH SSC subcommittee on vascular biology. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:245-251. [PMID: 34637195 PMCID: PMC8729195 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Extracellular Vesicle Flow Cytometry Working Group (http://www.evflowcytometry.org) is formed by members of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC), and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). This working group of flow cytometry experts develops guidelines for best practices regarding flow cytometry detection of extracellular vesicles. To improve rigor and standardization, this working group published a framework outlining the minimal information to report about a flow cytometry experiment on extracellular vesicles (MIFlowCyt-EV) in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, the ISEV journal, in 2020. In parallel, an article explaining MIFlowCyt-EV was published in Cytometry Part A, one of the ISAC journals, and now will be introduced to the ISTH as an SSC Communication in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. The goal of this SSC Communication is to explain why flow cytometry is becoming the instrument of choice to characterize single extracellular vesicles, the obstacles that have been identified and (mostly) overcome by developing procedures to calibrate flow cytometers, and the relevance of reporting minimal information to improve reliability and reproducibility of experiments in which flow cytometers are used for characterization of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin van der Pol
- Vesicle Observation CenterAmsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and PhysicsAmsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology SectionLaboratory of PathologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation CenterAmsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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8
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Misinterpretation of solid sphere equivalent refractive index measurements and smallest detectable diameters of extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24151. [PMID: 34921157 PMCID: PMC8683472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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López-Pacheco C, Bedoya-López A, Olguín-Alor R, Soldevila G. Analysis of Tumor-Derived Exosomes by Nanoscale Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2174:171-191. [PMID: 32813250 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of tumor exosomes has gained relevance in the last decades due to their potential use for therapeutic and diagnostic application. Although there is extensive knowledge of exosome biology, some biological samples like tumor-derived exosomes have been difficult to characterize due to their complexity and heterogeneity. This distinctive feature makes difficult the identification of specific exosome subpopulations with a shared molecular signature that could allow for targeting of exosomes with therapeutic and diagnostic potential use in cancer patients. Nanoscale flow cytometry has lately emerged as an alternative tool that can be adapted to the study of nanoparticles, such as exosomes. However, the physicochemical properties of these particles are an important issue to consider as nanoparticles need the application of specific settings which differ from those used in conventional flow cytometry of cells. Therefore, in the last few years, one of the main aims has been the optimization of technical and experimental protocols to improve exosome analysis. In this chapter, we discuss several aspects of cytometric systems with a special emphasis in technical considerations of samples and equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia López-Pacheco
- Departamento de Inmunología and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Bedoya-López
- Departamento de Inmunología and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Olguín-Alor
- Departamento de Inmunología and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología and Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Gul B, Ashraf S, Khan S, Nisar H, Ahmad I. Cell refractive index: Models, insights, applications and future perspectives. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102096. [PMID: 33188939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell refractive index (RI) is an intrinsic optical parameter that governs the propagation of light (i.e., scattering and absorption) in the cell matrix. The RI of cell is sensitively correlated with its mass distribution and thereby has the capability to provide important insights for diverse biological models. Herein, we review the cell refractive index and the fundamental models for measurement of cell RI, summarize the published RI data of cell and cell organelles and discuss the associated insights. Illustrative applications of cell RI in cell biology are also outlined. Finally, future research trends and applications of cell RI, including novel imaging techniques, reshaping flow cytometry and microfluidic platforms for single cell manipulation are discussed. The rapid technological advances in optical imaging integrated with microfluidic regime seems to enable deeper understanding of subcellular dynamics with high spatio-temporal resolution in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banat Gul
- Department of Basic Sciences, Military College of Engineering, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumara Ashraf
- Department of Physics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Khan
- Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Nisar
- Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan.
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11
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Werner LM, Palmer A, Smirnov A, Belcher Dufrisne M, Columbus L, Criss AK. Imaging Flow Cytometry Analysis of CEACAM Binding to Opa-Expressing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Cytometry A 2020; 97:1081-1089. [PMID: 32484607 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are a family of receptors that mediate intercellular interactions. Pathogenic bacteria have ligands that bind CEACAMs on human cells. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) encodes numerous unique outer membrane opacity-associated (Opa) proteins that are ligands for one or more CEACAMs. CEACAMs that are expressed on epithelial cells facilitate Gc colonization, while those expressed on neutrophils affect phagocytosis and consequent intracellular survival of Gc. Since Opa protein expression is phase-variable, variations in receptor tropism affect how individual bacteria within a population interact with host cells. Here we report the development of a rapid, quantitative method for collecting and analyzing fluorescence intensity data from thousands of cells in a population using imaging flow cytometry to detect N-CEACAM bound to the surface of Opa-expressing Gc. We use this method to confirm previous findings regarding Opa-CEACAM interactions and to examine the receptor-ligand interactions of Gc expressing other Opa proteins, as well as for other N-CEACAM proteins. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacie M Werner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA
| | - Allison Palmer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA
| | - Asya Smirnov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA
| | | | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA
| | - Alison K Criss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA
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12
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Handtke S, Thiele T. Large and small platelets-(When) do they differ? J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:1256-1267. [PMID: 32108994 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are most important in providing cellular hemostasis but also take part in inflammation and immune processes. Increased platelet size has been regarded as a feature describing a young and more reactive subpopulation until studies were published which questioned this concept. Moreover, changes of platelet size given by the mean platelet volume (MPV) were described for immune thrombocytopenia, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, venous thromboembolism, chronic lung disease, sepsis, cancer-associated thrombosis, autoimmune disorders, and others. This review summarizes the literature on what is known about platelets with different size and describes controversies of studies with large and small platelets putting a focus on their thrombogenicity, age, and on the association of MPV with the mentioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Handtke
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Butement JT, Holloway PM, Welsh JA, Holloway JA, Englyst NA, Horak P, West J, Wilkinson JS. Monolithically-integrated cytometer for measuring particle diameter in the extracellular vesicle size range using multi-angle scattering. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1267-1280. [PMID: 32149292 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Size measurement of extracellular vesicles is hampered by the high cost and measurement uncertainty of conventional flow cytometers which is mainly due to the use of non-specialised free space optics. Integrated cytometry, where the optics and fluidics are embedded in a monolithic chip shows promise for the production of low cost, micro-flow cytometers dedicated for extracellular vesicle (EV) analysis with improved size measurement accuracy and precision. This research demonstrates a unique integrated cytometer for sub-micron particle size measurement using multi-angle scattering analysis. A combination of three technologies is used: (i) Dean-based hydrodynamic focussing to deliver a tight sample core stream to the analysis region, (ii) integrated waveguides with multimode interference devices to focus a narrow excitation beam onto the sample stream, and (iii) an angular array of collection waveguides to measure particle scattering distribution and calculate diameter. Low index 200 nm liposomes could be detected and polystyrene size standards as small as 400 nm diameter could be measured with an uncertainty of ±21 nm (1/2 IQR) demonstrating a first step on the path to high performance integrated cytometry of EVs.
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14
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Welsh JA, Van Der Pol E, Arkesteijn GJ, Bremer M, Brisson A, Coumans F, Dignat-George F, Duggan E, Ghiran I, Giebel B, Görgens A, Hendrix A, Lacroix R, Lannigan J, Libregts SF, Lozano-Andrés E, Morales-Kastresana A, Robert S, De Rond L, Tertel T, Tigges J, De Wever O, Yan X, Nieuwland R, Wauben MH, Nolan JP, Jones JC. MIFlowCyt-EV: a framework for standardized reporting of extracellular vesicle flow cytometry experiments. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1713526. [PMID: 32128070 PMCID: PMC7034442 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1713526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, heterogeneous and difficult to measure. Flow cytometry (FC) is a key technology for the measurement of individual particles, but its application to the analysis of EVs and other submicron particles has presented many challenges and has produced a number of controversial results, in part due to limitations of instrument detection, lack of robust methods and ambiguities in how data should be interpreted. These complications are exacerbated by the field's lack of a robust reporting framework, and many EV-FC manuscripts include incomplete descriptions of methods and results, contain artefacts stemming from an insufficient instrument sensitivity and inappropriate experimental design and lack appropriate calibration and standardization. To address these issues, a working group (WG) of EV-FC researchers from ISEV, ISAC and ISTH, worked together as an EV-FC WG and developed a consensus framework for the minimum information that should be provided regarding EV-FC. This framework incorporates the existing Minimum Information for Studies of EVs (MISEV) guidelines and Minimum Information about a FC experiment (MIFlowCyt) standard in an EV-FC-specific reporting framework (MIFlowCyt-EV) that supports reporting of critical information related to sample staining, EV detection and measurement and experimental design in manuscripts that report EV-FC data. MIFlowCyt-EV provides a structure for sharing EV-FC results, but it does not prescribe specific protocols, as there will continue to be rapid evolution of instruments and methods for the foreseeable future. MIFlowCyt-EV accommodates this evolution, while providing information needed to evaluate and compare different approaches. Because MIFlowCyt-EV will ensure consistency in the manner of reporting of EV-FC studies, over time we expect that adoption of MIFlowCyt-EV as a standard for reporting EV- FC studies will improve the ability to quantitatively compare results from different laboratories and to support the development of new instruments and assays for improved measurement of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edwin Van Der Pol
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ger J.A. Arkesteijn
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alain Brisson
- UMR-5248-CBMN, CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Pessac, France
| | - Frank Coumans
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Center of Cardiovascular Research and Nutrition (C2VN) UMR-INSERM INRA 1263, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Ionita Ghiran
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Clinical Research Center, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Center of Cardiovascular Research and Nutrition (C2VN) UMR-INSERM INRA 1263, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- Flow Cytometry Core, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sten F.W.M. Libregts
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NIHR Cambridge BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Andrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aizea Morales-Kastresana
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Leonie De Rond
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - John Tigges
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Flow Cytometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H.M. Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer C. Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Yastrebova ES, Konokhova AI, Strokotov DI, Karpenko AA, Maltsev VP, Chernyshev AV. Proposed Dynamics of CDB3 Activation in Human Erythrocytes by Nifedipine Studied with Scanning Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1275-1284. [PMID: 31750613 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nifedipine is calcium channels and pumps blocker widely used in medicine. However, mechanisms of nifedipine action in blood are not clear. In particular, the influence of nifedipine on erythrocytes is far from completely understood. In this work, applying scanning flow cytometry, we observed experimentally for the first time the dynamics behind a significant increase of HCO3 - /Cl- transmembrane exchange rate of CDB3 (main anion exchanger, AE1, Band 3, SLC4A1) of human erythrocytes in the presence of nifedipine in blood. It was found that the rate of CDB3 activation is not limited by the rate of nifedipine binding and/or Ca2+ transport. In order to explain the experimental data, we suggested a kinetic model assuming that the rate of CDB3 activation is limited by the dynamics of the balance between two intracellular processes (1) the activation of CDB3 limited by its interaction with intracellular Ca2+ , and (2) the spontaneous deactivation of CDB3. Thus the use of scanning flow cytometry allowed to clarify quantitatively the molecular kinetic mechanism of nifedipine action on human erythrocytes. In particular, the efficiency (~30) and rates of activation (~0.3 min-1 ) and deactivation (~10-3 min-1 ) of CDB3 in human erythrocytes was evaluated for two donors. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Yastrebova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Rechkunovskaya 15, 630055, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiya I Konokhova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Rechkunovskaya 15, 630055, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - Andrei A Karpenko
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Rechkunovskaya 15, 630055, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - Andrei V Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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16
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Chernova DN, Konokhova AI, Novikova OA, Yurkin MA, Strokotov DI, Karpenko AA, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP. Chylomicrons against light scattering: The battle for characterization. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700381. [PMID: 29603652 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chylomicrons (CMs) are lipoprotein particles circulating in blood and transporting dietary lipids. Optically speaking, CMs are small compared to the wavelength of visible light and widely distributed by the size and refractive index (RI). Consequently, intensity of light scattered by the CMs scales with up to the sixth power of their size, hampering simultaneous analysis of 60 and 600 nm CMs. We present an accurate method for quantitative characterization of large-size CM subpopulation by the distributions over size and RI. For the first time the CM characteristics have been determined at a single particle level based on angle-resolved light-scattering measurements. We applied the developed method to 2 key processes relating to CM metabolism, namely in vivo dynamics of CMs in blood plasma after a meal and in vitro lipolysis of CMs by the lipoprotein lipase in postheparin plasma. We have observed the substantial variations in CM concentration, size and RI distributions. This opens the way for a multitude of medical applications involving screening of CM metabolism, which we exemplified by revealing large differences in CM characteristics after a 12-hour fast between a healthy volunteer and a patient with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya N Chernova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Olga A Novikova
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim A Yurkin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei A Karpenko
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei V Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Welsh JA, Holloway JA, Wilkinson JS, Englyst NA. Extracellular Vesicle Flow Cytometry Analysis and Standardization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:78. [PMID: 28913335 PMCID: PMC5582084 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The term extracellular vesicles (EVs) describes membranous vesicles derived from cells, ranging in diameter from 30 to 1,000 nm with the majority thought to be in the region of 100-150 nm. Due to their small diameter and complex and variable composition, conventional techniques have struggled to accurately count and phenotype EVs. Currently, EV characterization using high-resolution flow cytometry is the most promising method when compared to other currently available techniques, due to it being a high-throughput, single particle, multi-parameter analysis technique capable of analyzing a large range of particle diameters. Whilst high resolution flow cytometry promises detection of the full EV diameter range, standardization of light scattering and fluorescence data between different flow cytometers remains an problem. In this mini review, we will discuss the advances in high-resolution flow cytometry development and future direction of EV scatter and fluorescence standardization. Standardization and therefore reproducibility between research groups and instrumentation is lacking, hindering the validation of EVs use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Welsh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A. Holloway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Wilkinson
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A. Englyst
- Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom
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18
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Gilev K, Yastrebova E, Strokotov D, Yurkin M, Karmadonova N, Chernyshev A, Lomivorotov V, Maltsev V. Advanced consumable-free morphological analysis of intact red blood cells by a compact scanning flow cytometer. Cytometry A 2017; 91:867-873. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K.V. Gilev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - E.S. Yastrebova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - D.I. Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52; Novosibirsk 630091 Russia
| | - M.A. Yurkin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - N.A. Karmadonova
- Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Rechkunovskaya 15; Novosibirsk 630055 Russia
| | - A.V. Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - V.V. Lomivorotov
- Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Rechkunovskaya 15; Novosibirsk 630055 Russia
| | - V.P. Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52; Novosibirsk 630091 Russia
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19
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Pretorius E, Akeredolu OO, Soma P, Kell DB. Major involvement of bacterial components in rheumatoid arthritis and its accompanying oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:355-373. [PMID: 27889698 PMCID: PMC5298544 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216681549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the evidence that infectious agents, including those that become dormant within the host, have a major role to play in much of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis and the inflammation that is its hallmark. This occurs in particular because they can produce cross-reactive (auto-)antigens, as well as potent inflammagens such as lipopolysaccharide that can themselves catalyze further inflammagenesis, including via β-amyloid formation. A series of observables coexist in many chronic, inflammatory diseases as well as rheumatoid arthritis. They include iron dysregulation, hypercoagulability, anomalous morphologies of host erythrocytes, and microparticle formation. Iron dysregulation may be responsible for the periodic regrowth and resuscitation of the dormant bacteria, with concomitant inflammagen production. The present systems biology analysis benefits from the philosophical idea of "coherence," that reflects the principle that if a series of ostensibly unrelated findings are brought together into a self-consistent narrative, that narrative is thereby strengthened. As such, we provide a coherent and testable narrative for the major involvement of (often dormant) bacteria in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Oore-Ofe Akeredolu
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Prashilla Soma
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- 2 School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,3 The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,4 Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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20
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Litvinenko A, Moskalensky A, Karmadonova N, Nekrasov V, Strokotov D, Konokhova A, Yurkin M, Pokushalov E, Chernyshev A, Maltsev V. Fluorescence-free flow cytometry for measurement of shape index distribution of resting, partially activated, and fully activated platelets. Cytometry A 2016; 89:1010-1016. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.L. Litvinenko
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - A.E. Moskalensky
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - N.A. Karmadonova
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - V.M. Nekrasov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - D.I. Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Medical University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - A.I. Konokhova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - M.A. Yurkin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - E.A. Pokushalov
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - A.V. Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - V.P. Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Medical University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
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21
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L Ramos T, Sánchez-Abarca LI, Muntión S, Preciado S, Puig N, López-Ruano G, Hernández-Hernández Á, Redondo A, Ortega R, Rodríguez C, Sánchez-Guijo F, del Cañizo C. MSC surface markers (CD44, CD73, and CD90) can identify human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles by conventional flow cytometry. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:2. [PMID: 26754424 PMCID: PMC4709865 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) are multipotent cells with both regenerative and immunomodulatory activities making them an attractive tool for cellular therapy. In the last few years it has been shown that the beneficial effects of hMSC may be due to paracrine effects and, at least in part, mediated by extracellular vesicles (EV). EV have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a routine technology used in most clinical laboratories and could be used as a methodology for hMSC-EV characterization. Although several reports have characterized EV by FCM, a specific panel and protocol for hMSC-derived EV is lacking. The main objective of our study was the characterization of hMSC-EV using a standard flow cytometer. METHODS Human MSC from bone marrow of healthy donors, mesenchymal cell lines (HS-5 and hTERT) and a leukemic cell line (K562 cells) were used to obtain EV for FCM characterization. EV released from the different cell lines were isolated by ultracentrifugation and were characterized, using a multi-parametric analysis, in a conventional flow cytometer. EV characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot (WB) and Nano-particle tracking analysis (NTA) was also performed. RESULTS EV membranes are constituted by the combination of specific cell surface molecules depending on their cell of origin, together with specific proteins like tetraspanins (e.g. CD63). We have characterized by FCM the EV released from BM-hMSC, that were defined as particles less than 0.9 μm, positive for the hMSC markers (CD90, CD44 and CD73) and negative for CD34 and CD45 (hematopoietic markers). In addition, hMSC-derived EV were also positive for CD63 and CD81, the two characteristic markers of EV. To validate our characterization strategy, EV from mesenchymal cell lines (hTERT/HS-5) were also studied, using the leukemia cell line (K562) as a negative control. EV released from mesenchymal cell lines displayed the same immunophenotypic profile as the EV from primary BM-hMSC, while the EV derived from K562 cells did not show hMSC markers. We further validated the panel using EV from hMSC transduced with GFP. Finally, EV derived from the different sources (hMSC, hTERT/HS-5 and K562) were also characterized by WB, TEM and NTA, demonstrating the expression by WB of the exosomal markers CD63 and CD81, as well as CD73 in those from MSC origin. EV morphology and size/concentration was confirmed by TEM and NTA, respectively. CONCLUSION We described a strategy that allows the identification and characterization by flow cytometry of hMSC-derived EV that can be routinely used in most laboratories with a standard flow cytometry facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Ramos
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Luis Ignacio Sánchez-Abarca
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Sandra Muntión
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Silvia Preciado
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Noemí Puig
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Guillermo López-Ruano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Alba Redondo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Ortega
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Concepción Rodríguez
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Consuelo del Cañizo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
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Zucker RM, Ortenzio JN, Boyes WK. Characterization, detection, and counting of metal nanoparticles using flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2015; 89:169-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Zucker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; Toxicology Assessment Division (MD-B105-04); North Carolina 27711
| | - Jayna N.R. Ortenzio
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) appointee at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, USEPA, RTP; North Carolina 27711
| | - William K. Boyes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; Toxicology Assessment Division (MD-B105-04); North Carolina 27711
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