1
|
Queiroz de Souza JC, Penna EA, Chellini PR, Leal de Oliveira MA. Antimalarial analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples by capillary electrophoresis: the state of the art and applications. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39143944 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a serious public health problem, being an endemic disease in 84 countries, mainly in Africa. This review explores the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques for analyzing antimalarial drugs, highlighting methods from 2000 to 2023 for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and human biological samples. The versatility, selectivity, high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and high analytical frequency of CE techniques have become attractive choices for pharmaceutical analysis, focusing on quality control and impurity analysis applications. The evolution of achiral and chiral electromigration methods has been described based on the features of each mode of separation: capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography, microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography. As expected, CZE is reported in most articles owing to its compatibility with drug properties and separation mode. However, it is necessary to perform other separation modes for a few drugs that are present in neutral form. After exhaustive research using different databases and statistical analyses, 27 articles using CE techniques for antimalarial drug analysis were found and are mentioned in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Cordeiro Queiroz de Souza
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria - GQAQ, Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 36026-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Eduarda Alves Penna
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria - GQAQ, Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 36026-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 36026-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Rocha Chellini
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria - GQAQ, Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 36026-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 36026-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria - GQAQ, Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 36026-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics - INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaniad P, Chukaew A, Na-Ek P, Yusakul G, Chuaboon L, Phuwajaroanpong A, Plirat W, Konyanee A, Septama AW, Punsawad C. In vivo antimalarial effect of 1-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyxanthone isolated from Mammea siamensis T. Anders. flowers: pharmacokinetic and acute toxicity studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:129. [PMID: 38521901 PMCID: PMC10960464 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potent antiplasmodial activity of 1-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyxanthone (HTX), isolated from Mammea siamensis T. Anders. flowers, has previously been demonstrated in vitro. However, its in vivo activity has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antimalarial activity and acute toxicity of HTX in a mouse model and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of HTX following a single intraperitoneal administration. METHODS The in vivo antimalarial activity of HTX was evaluated using a 4-day suppressive test. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain and given HTX daily for 4 days. To detect acute toxicity, mice received a single dose of HTX and were observed for 14 days. Additionally, the biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney functions as well as the histopathology of liver and kidney tissues were examined. HTX pharmacokinetics after intraperitoneal administration was also investigated in a mouse model. Liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was used to quantify plasma HTX and calculate pharmacokinetic parameters with the PKSolver software. RESULTS HTX at 10 mg/kg body weight significantly suppressed parasitemia in malaria-infected mice by 74.26%. Mice treated with 3 mg/kg HTX showed 46.88% suppression, whereas mice treated with 1 mg/kg displayed 34.56% suppression. Additionally, no symptoms of acute toxicity were observed in the HTX-treated groups. There were no significant alterations in the biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney functions and no histological changes in liver or kidney tissues. Following intraperitoneal HTX administration, the pharmacokinetic profile exhibited a maximum concentration (Cmax) of 94.02 ng/mL, time to attain Cmax (Tmax) of 0.5 h, mean resident time of 14.80 h, and elimination half-life of 13.88 h. CONCLUSIONS HTX has in vivo antimalarial properties against P. berghei infection. Acute toxicity studies of HTX did not show behavioral changes or mortality. The median lethal dose was greater than 50 mg/kg body weight. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that HTX has a long elimination half-life; hence, shortening the duration of malaria treatment may be required to minimize toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prapaporn Chaniad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Pathobiology and Tropical Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Arnon Chukaew
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Tani, 84100, Thailand
| | - Prasit Na-Ek
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Pathobiology and Tropical Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Litavadee Chuaboon
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Arisara Phuwajaroanpong
- Research Center in Pathobiology and Tropical Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Plirat
- Research Center in Pathobiology and Tropical Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Atthaphon Konyanee
- Research Center in Pathobiology and Tropical Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, Cibinong Science Center, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), West Java, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
- Research Center in Pathobiology and Tropical Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prabhu SR, Ware AP, Saadi AV, Brand A, Ghosh SK, Kamath A, Satyamoorthy K. Malaria Epidemiology and COVID-19 Pandemic: Are They Interrelated? OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:179-188. [PMID: 35404686 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease, impacting multiple organs in the human body. But COVID-19 also impacts other diseases of relevance to public and planetary health. To understand and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, we need an intersectional conceptual lens and systems thinking. For example, the strain on health care systems due to COVID-19 has adversely impacted global malaria elimination programs. With many epidemiological, clinical, and biological parallels documented, we examined in this study the scenario of malaria and COVID-19 syndemic in India. The disruptive influence of COVID-19 on the National Framework for Malaria Elimination (NFME), impact of unintended chemoprophylaxis, population genetic influences, and the shifting patterns of epidemiology are compared. Importantly, a time series analysis forecasted the burden of malaria increasing in the upcoming years. Although reported malaria cases showed a decline in 2020 compared to the previous years, an increase in cases was documented in 2021, with nine states reporting an increase up to July 2021. Pandemics often cause crosscutting disruptions in health care. Reshaping the priorities of the malaria elimination program and a diligent implementation of the priorities in the NFME would, therefore, be well-advised: (1) vector control, (2) antimalarial therapy recommendations, (3) monitoring drug resistance, (4) prevention of the spread of asymptomatic disease-causing low-density transmission, and (5) large-scale testing measures. In conclusion, the findings from the present study inform future comparative studies in other world regions to better understand the broader, systemic, temporal, and spatial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on existing and future diseases across public health systems and services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya R Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Akshay P Ware
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Abdul Vahab Saadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Angela Brand
- United Nations University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanta K Ghosh
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Implications of SARS-Cov-2 infection on eNOS and iNOS activity: Consequences for the respiratory and vascular systems. Nitric Oxide 2021; 111-112:64-71. [PMID: 33831567 PMCID: PMC8021449 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic/mild symptoms to severe illness and death, consequence of an excessive inflammatory process triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The diffuse inflammation leads to endothelium dysfunction in pulmonary blood vessels, uncoupling eNOS activity, lowering NO production, causing pulmonary physiological alterations and coagulopathy. On the other hand, iNOS activity is increased, which may be advantageous for host defense, once NO plays antiviral effects. However, overproduction of NO may be deleterious, generating a pro-inflammatory effect. In this review, we discussed the role of endogenous NO as a protective or deleterious agent of the respiratory and vascular systems, the most affected in COVID-19 patients, focusing on eNOS and iNOS roles. We also reviewed the currently available NO therapies and pointed out possible alternative treatments targeting NO metabolism, which could help mitigate health crises in the present and future CoV's spillovers.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang HC, Ma TH, Tjong WY, Stern A, Chiu DTY. G6PD deficiency, redox homeostasis, and viral infections: implications for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Free Radic Res 2021; 55:364-374. [PMID: 33401987 PMCID: PMC7799378 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1866757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has so far affected more than 45 million people and has caused over 1 million deaths worldwide. Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the pathogenic agent, which is associated with an imbalanced redox status, causes hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm, leading to cell death. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient individuals may experience a hemolytic crisis after being exposed to oxidants or infection. Individuals with G6PD deficiency are more susceptible to coronavirus infection than individuals with normally functioning G6PD. An altered immune response to viral infections is found in individuals with G6PD deficiency. Evidence indicates that G6PD deficiency is a predisposing factor of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Hsiang Ma
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ye Tjong
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Arnold Stern
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1044-1059. [PMID: 33328588 PMCID: PMC7738776 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scientists and health professionals are exhaustively trying to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by elucidating viral invasion mechanisms, possible drugs to prevent viral infection/replication, and health cares to minimize individual exposure. Although neurological symptoms are being reported worldwide, neural acute and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 are still unknown. COVID-19 complications are associated with exacerbated immunoinflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 invasion. In this scenario, pro-inflammatory factors are intensely released into the bloodstream, causing the so-called "cytokine storm". Both pro-inflammatory factors and viruses may cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the central nervous system, activating neuroinflammatory responses accompanied by hemorrhagic lesions and neuronal impairment, which are largely described processes in psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection could trigger and/or worse brain diseases. Moreover, patients with central nervous system disorders associated to neuroimmune activation (e.g. depression, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease) may present increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or achieve severe conditions. Elevated levels of extracellular ATP induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors leading to NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation as a key mediator of neuroinvasion and consequent neuroinflammatory processes, as observed in psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, P2X7 receptor antagonism could be a promising strategy to prevent or treat neurological complications in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mansouri K, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Ghanbri-Movahed M, Safarzadeh M, Kiani S, Ghanbari-Movahed Z. Can a metabolism-targeted therapeutic intervention successfully subjugate SARS-COV-2? A scientific rational. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110694. [PMID: 32920511 PMCID: PMC7451059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a process entailing a high turnover of the host cell molecules, viral replication is required for a successful viral infection and requests virus capacity to acquire the macromolecules required for its propagation. To this end, viruses have adopted several strategies to harness cellular metabolism in accordance with their specific demands. Most viruses upregulate specific cellular anabolic pathways and are largely dependent on such alterations. RNA viruses, for example, upregulate both glycolysisand glycogenolysis providing TCA cycle intermediates essential for anabolic lipogenesis. Also, these infections usually induce the PPP, leading to increased nucleotide levels supporting viral replication. SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of COVID-19)that has so far spread from China throughout the world is also an RNA virus. Owing to the more metabolic plasticity of uninfected cells, a promising approach for specific antiviral therapy, which has drawn a lot of attention in the recent years, would be the targeting of metabolic changes induced by viruses. In the current review, we first summarize some of virus-induced metabolic adaptations and then based on these information as well as SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, propose a potential therapeutic modality for this calamitous world-spreading virus with the hope of employing this strategy for near-future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbri-Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Safarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kiani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim YS, Lee SY, Yoon JW, Kim D, Yu S, Kim JS, Kim JH. Cardiotoxicity induced by the combination therapy of chloroquine and azithromycin in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32958120 PMCID: PMC7607154 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy using chloroquine (CQ) and azithromycin (AZM) has drawn great attention due to its potential anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, clinical trials have revealed that the co-administration of CQ and AZM resulted in severe side effects, including cardiac arrhythmia, in patients with COVID-19. To elucidate the cardiotoxicity induced by CQ and AZM, we examined the effects of these drugs based on the electrophysiological properties of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) using multi-electrode arrays. CQ treatment significantly increased the field potential duration, which corresponds to prolongation of the QT interval, and decreased the spike amplitude, spike slope, and conduction velocity of hESC-CMs. AZM had no significant effect on the field potentials of hESC-CMs. However, CQ in combination with AZM greatly increased the field potential duration and decreased the beat period and spike slope of hESC-CMs when compared with CQ monotherapy. In support of the clinical data suggesting the cardiovascular side effects of the combination therapy of CQ and AZM, our results suggest that AZM reinforces the cardiotoxicity induced by CQ in hESC-CMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Seul Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Soo Yong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jung Won Yoon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dasol Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sangbin Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jeong Su Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| |
Collapse
|