1
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Xiao FK, Wang L. Comprehensive Analysis of Expression and Pathway for CD27 in Esophageal Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:2087-2094. [PMID: 37584826 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
CD27 as a marker of memory B cells is belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, CD27 is ligated by CD70, they can co-stimulate T-cell growth and differentiation through their interaction. Uncertainty surrounds CD27's function in esophageal cancer (EC). This study investigated the role of CD27 in the prognosis of EC using the TCGA, cbioportal, linkedomics and GEPIA databases as well as the proliferation assay was applied. CD27 differential expression may be a key factor in the development of EC. different level of CD27 expression in EC has profound impacts on TOR complex, and many kinds of kinase (KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1, and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3.), as well as the cell membrane, and survival analysis revealed that it had a significant impact on both the overall survival and disease-free survival of EC. CD27 overexpression will suppress the viability of the KYSE150 and TE3 cells. Our findings suggested that the degree of CD27 expression could serve as an esophageal cancer prognosis biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Kai Xiao
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
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2
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Devitt KA, Kern W, Kajstura MA, Holl EK, Hays AL, Hedley BD, Gonneau C, Jellison ER, McCloskey TW, Mishra S, Rebeles J, Ouseph MM. Implementation of flow cytometry testing on rare matrix samples: Special considerations and best practices when the sample is unique or difficult to obtain. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2024. [PMID: 39032144 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The publication of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's guideline H62 has provided the flow cytometry community with much-needed guidance on development and validation of flow cytometric assays (CLSI, 2021). It has also paved the way for additional exploration of certain topics requiring additional guidance. Flow cytometric analysis of rare matrices, or unique and/or less frequently encountered specimen types, is one such topic and is the focus of this manuscript. This document is the result of a collaboration subject matter experts from a diverse range of backgrounds and seeks to provide best practice consensus guidance regarding these types of specimens. Herein, we define rare matrix samples in the setting of flow cytometric analysis, address validation implications and challenges with these samples, and describe important considerations of using these samples in both clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Devitt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kern
- Department of Flow Cytometry, MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Malgorzata A Kajstura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eda K Holl
- Danaher Corporation, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amanda L Hays
- Scientific Office, BioAgilytix Labs, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin D Hedley
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christèle Gonneau
- Flow Cytometry Department, Labcorp Central Laboratories Services, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evan R Jellison
- Department of Immunology, UCONN School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas W McCloskey
- Department of Research and Development, ICON Laboratory Services, Farmingdale, New York, USA
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Stem Cell Research Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jennifer Rebeles
- Department of Diagnostics, bioAffinity Technologies, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Madhu M Ouseph
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Gantana EJ, Musekwa E, Chapanduka ZC. Advances in estimating plasma cells in bone marrow: A comprehensive method review. Afr J Lab Med 2024; 13:2381. [PMID: 39114749 PMCID: PMC11304106 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The quantitation of plasma cells in bone marrow (BM) is crucial for diagnosing and classifying plasma cell neoplasms. Various methods, including Romanowsky-stained BM aspirates (BMA), immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and radiological imaging, have been explored. However, challenges such as patchy infiltration and sample haemodilution can impact the reliability of BM plasma cell percentage estimates. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage varies across methods, with immunohistochemically stained biopsies consistently yielding higher values than Romanowsky-stained BMA or flow cytometry alone. CD138 or MUM1 immunohistochemistry and artificial intelligence image analysis on whole-slide images are emerging as promising tools for accurate plasma cell identification and quantification. Radiological imaging, particularly with advanced technologies like dual-energy computed tomography and radiomics, shows potential for multiple myeloma diagnosis, although standardisation remains a challenge. Molecular techniques, such as allele-specific oligonucleotide quantitative polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, offer insights into clonality and measurable residual disease. While no consensus exists on a gold standard method for BM plasma cell quantitation, CD138-stained biopsies are favoured for accurate estimation and play a pivotal role in diagnosing and assessing multiple myeloma treatment responses. Combining multiple methods, such as BMA, BM biopsy, and flow cytometry, enhances accuracy of diagnosis and classification of plasma cell neoplasms. The quest for a gold standard requires ongoing research and collaboration to refine existing methods. Furthermore, the rise of digital pathology is anticipated to reshape laboratory medicine and the role of pathologists in the digital era. What this study adds This article adds a comprehensive review and comparison of different methods for plasma cell estimation in the bone marrow, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The goal is to contribute valuable insights that can guide the selection of optimal techniques for accurate plasma cell estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Gantana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Haematology, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernest Musekwa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Haematology, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zivanai C Chapanduka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Haematology, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
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4
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Park M, Lim J, Ahn A, Oh EJ, Song J, Kim KH, Han JY, Choi HW, Park JH, Shin KH, Kim H, Kim M, Hwang SH, Kim HY, Cho D, Kang ES. Current Status of Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Hematolymphoid Neoplasms in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2024; 44:222-234. [PMID: 38145891 PMCID: PMC10813832 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematolymphoid neoplasms (FCI-HLN) is essential for diagnosis, classification, and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring. FCI-HLN is typically performed using in-house protocols, raising the need for standardization. Therefore, we surveyed the current status of FCI-HLN in Korea to obtain fundamental data for quality improvement and standardization. Methods Eight university hospitals actively conducting FCI-HLN participated in our survey. We analyzed responses to a questionnaire that included inquiries regarding test items, reagent antibodies (RAs), fluorophores, sample amounts (SAs), reagent antibody amounts (RAAs), acquisition cell number (ACN), isotype control (IC) usage, positive/negative criteria, and reporting. Results Most hospitals used acute HLN, chronic HLN, plasma cell neoplasm (PCN), and MRD panels. The numbers of RAs were heterogeneous, with a maximum of 32, 26, 12, 14, and 10 antibodies used for acute HLN, chronic HLN, PCN, ALL-MRD, and multiple myeloma-MRD, respectively. The number of fluorophores ranged from 4 to 10. RAs, SAs, RAAs, and ACN were diverse. Most hospitals used a positive criterion of 20%, whereas one used 10% for acute and chronic HLN panels. Five hospitals used ICs for the negative criterion. Positive/negative assignments, percentages, and general opinions were commonly reported. In MRD reporting, the limit of detection and lower limit of quantification were included. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive study on the current status of FCI-HLN in Korea, confirming the high heterogeneity and complexity of FCI-HLN practices. Standardization of FCI-HLN is urgently needed. The findings provide a reference for establishing standard FCI-HLN guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyang Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ari Ahn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-Yeong Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Partanen A, Waage A, Peceliunas V, Schjesvold F, Anttila P, Säily M, Uttervall K, Putkonen M, Carlson K, Haukas E, Sankelo M, Szatkowski D, Hansson M, Marttila A, Svensson R, Axelsson P, Lauri B, Mikkola M, Karlsson C, Abelsson J, Ahlstrand E, Sikiö A, Klimkowska M, Matuzeviciene R, Fenstad MH, Ilveskero S, Pelliniemi TT, Nahi H, Silvennoinen R. Ixazomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone (IRD) Treatment with Cytogenetic Risk-Based Maintenance in Transplant-Eligible Myeloma: A Phase 2 Multicenter Study by the Nordic Myeloma Study Group. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1024. [PMID: 38473382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Scarce data exist on double maintenance in transplant-eligible high-risk (HR) newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. This prospective phase 2 study enrolled 120 transplant-eligible NDMM patients. The treatment consisted of four cycles of ixazomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (IRD) induction plus autologous stem cell transplantation followed by IRD consolidation and cytogenetic risk-based maintenance therapy with lenalidomide + ixazomib (IR) for HR patients and lenalidomide (R) alone for NHR patients. The main endpoint of the study was undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) with sensitivity of <10-5 by flow cytometry at any time, and other endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We present the preplanned analysis after the last patient has been two years on maintenance. At any time during protocol treatment, 28% (34/120) had MRD < 10-5 at least once. At two years on maintenance, 66% of the patients in the HR group and 76% in the NHR group were progression-free (p = 0.395) and 36% (43/120) were CR or better, of which 42% (18/43) had undetectable flow MRD <10-5. Altogether 95% of the patients with sustained MRD <10-5, 82% of the patients who turned MRD-positive, and 61% of those with positive MRD had no disease progression at two years on maintenance (p < 0.001). To conclude, prolonged maintenance with all-oral ixazomib plus lenalidomide might improve PFS in HR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Partanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Hematology, St. Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Valdas Peceliunas
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Fredrik Schjesvold
- Oslo Myeloma Center, Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pekka Anttila
- Helsinki University Hospital Cancer Center Hematology, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjaana Säily
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, Oulu University Hospital Hematology, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Katarina Uttervall
- Medical Unit Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mervi Putkonen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristina Carlson
- Department of Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Einar Haukas
- Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marja Sankelo
- Hematology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital Hematology, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Damian Szatkowski
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Care, Foerde Central Hospital, 6812 Foerde, Norway
| | - Markus Hansson
- Department of Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anu Marttila
- Department of Medicine, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, 48210 Kotka, Finland
| | - Ronald Svensson
- Department of Hematology, Linköping University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Axelsson
- Department of Haematology, Helsingborg Hospital, 252 23 Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Lauri
- Department of Hematology, Sunderby Hospital, 971 80 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maija Mikkola
- Department of Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, 15850 Lahti, Finland
| | - Conny Karlsson
- Department of Haematology, Halland Hospital, 302 33 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Johanna Abelsson
- Department of Hematology, Uddevalla Hospital, 451 53 Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Erik Ahlstrand
- Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, 701 85 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anu Sikiö
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Monika Klimkowska
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reda Matuzeviciene
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Vilnius University Hospital and Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mona Hoysaeter Fenstad
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sorella Ilveskero
- Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hareth Nahi
- Hematology Centre, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raija Silvennoinen
- Helsinki University Hospital Cancer Center Hematology, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
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Mikkilineni L, Natrakul DA, Lam N, Manasanch EE, Mann J, Weissler KA, Wong N, Brudno JN, Goff SL, Yang JC, Ganaden M, Patel R, Zheng Z, Gartner JJ, Martin KR, Wang HW, Yuan CM, Lowe T, Maric I, Shao L, Jin P, Stroncek DF, Highfill SL, Rosenberg SA, Kochenderfer JN. Rapid anti-myeloma activity by T cells expressing an anti-BCMA CAR with a human heavy-chain-only antigen-binding domain. Mol Ther 2024; 32:503-526. [PMID: 38155568 PMCID: PMC10861980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rarely curable malignancy of plasma cells. MM expresses B cell maturation antigen (BCMA). We developed a fully human anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with a heavy-chain-only antigen-recognition domain, a 4-1BB domain, and a CD3ζ domain. The CAR was designated FHVH33-CD8BBZ. We conducted the first-in-humans clinical trial of T cells expressing FHVH33-CD8BBZ (FHVH-T). Twenty-five patients with relapsed MM were treated. The stringent complete response rate (sCR) was 52%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 78 weeks. Of 24 evaluable patients, 6 (25%) had a maximum cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) grade of 3; no patients had CRS of greater than grade 3. Most anti-MM activity occurred within 2-4 weeks of FHVH-T infusion as shown by decreases in the rapidly changing MM markers serum free light chains, urine light chains, and bone marrow plasma cells. Blood CAR+ cell levels peaked during the time that MM elimination was occurring, between 7 and 15 days after FHVH-T infusion. C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) expression on infusion CD4+ FHVH-T correlated with peak blood FHVH-T levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a shift toward more differentiated FHVH-T after infusion. Anti-CAR antibody responses were detected in 4 of 12 patients assessed. FHVH-T has powerful, rapid, and durable anti-MM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Mikkilineni
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle A Natrakul
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norris Lam
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Mann
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A Weissler
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer N Brudno
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James C Yang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Micaela Ganaden
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rashmika Patel
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn R Martin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hao-Wei Wang
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance M Yuan
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Lowe
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Hematology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lipei Shao
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James N Kochenderfer
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Cui J, Yu T, Lv R, Liu J, Fan H, Yan W, Xu J, Du C, Deng S, Sui W, Ho M, Xu Y, Anderson KC, Dong X, Qiu L, An G. Longitudinal genetically detectable minimal residual disease by fluorescence in situ hybridization confers a poor prognosis in myeloma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231221340. [PMID: 38249329 PMCID: PMC10799601 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231221340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Deeper depth of response (DpR) after induction therapy, especially gain of negative minimal residual disease (MRD), has been linked to prolonged survival in multiple myeloma (MM). However, flow-MRD examination focuses on the numbers but not on the biological characteristics of residual plasma cells (PCs). Objectives To explore whether the genetic features of residual tumor cells affect the survival time of patients with MM. Design A retrospective cohort study. Methods We investigated the clonality of cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) of the residual PCs using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) in the National Longitudinal Cohort of Hematological Diseases in China (NCT04645199). Here, a longitudinal cohort of 269 patients with patient-paired diagnostic and post-induction iFISH results was analyzed. Results Persistent CAs after induction therapy were detected in about half of the patients (118/269, 43%), and patients with undetectable CAs showed significantly improved survival compared with those with genetically detectable MRD [median progression-free survival (mPFS): 59.7 versus 35.7 months, p < 0.001; median overall survival (mOS): 97.1 versus 68.8 months, p = 0.011]. In addition, different patterns of therapy-induced clonal evolution were observed by comparing the clonal structure of residual PCs with paired baseline samples. Patients who maintained at a high risk during follow-up had the worst survival (mPFS: 30.5 months; mOS: 54.4 months), while those who returned to lower risk or had iFISH- at both time points had the best survival (mPFS: 62.0 months, mOS: not reached). Conclusion These findings highlighted the prognostic value of genetic testing in residual tumor cells, which may provide a deep understanding of clonal evolution and guide clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengteng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Huishou Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuhui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Matthew Ho
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xifeng Dong
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshandao, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Gang An
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
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Kubicki T, Derman BA, Dytfeld D, Jakubowiak AJ. Measurable residual disease in peripheral blood in myeloma: dream or reality. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:574-580. [PMID: 37621165 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Therapeutic advancements in multiple myeloma have led to increasingly deeper and more durable responses, creating a need for highly sensitive and applicable techniques for measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment. Bone marrow assays can deeply assess for MRD, but it is not conducive to performing frequent and dynamic evaluations, which may be needed for MRD-adapted treatment approaches. Recently, numerous techniques for MRD assessment in peripheral blood have come under investigation, and their integration into routine clinical practice is eagerly anticipated. RECENT FINDINGS The identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), evaluation of cell-free DNA, and measuring monoclonal protein concentration with mass spectrometry are promising research areas for assessing myeloma in peripheral blood. CTCs assessment and cell-free DNA may carry prognostic significance, but they lack the sensitivity of bone marrow-based techniques. Mass spectrometry has already been implemented in clinical practice in certain centers, but its full potential has yet to be fully realized. This review focuses on recent developments in these fields, emphasizing the potential future roles of these assessments. SUMMARY MRD assessment in peripheral blood is still in the development stage but holds promise for not only complementing bone marrow based evaluations but also potential for improving sensitivity.
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Singh AP, Courville EL. Advances in Monitoring and Prognostication for Lymphoma by Flow Cytometry. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:351-361. [PMID: 37481316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FC) is a well-established method important in the diagnosis and subclassification of lymphoma. In this article, the role of FC in lymphoma prognostication will be explored, and the clinical role for FC minimal/measurable residual disease testing as a monitoring tool for mature lymphoma will be introduced. Potential pitfalls of monitoring for residual/recurrent disease following immunotherapy will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit P Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health, PO Box 800214, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Courville
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health, PO Box 800214, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Roshal M, Gao Q. Flow Cytometry in Diagnosis, Prognostication, and Monitoring of Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:363-375. [PMID: 37481317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry plays a critical role in the diagnosis, prognostication, therapy response evaluation, and clinical management of plasma cell neoplasms. The review summarizes how flow cytometry is used in the initial evaluation to distinguish primary and secondary clonal plasma cell populations from each other and from reactive plasma cells. We further illustrate the kinds of prognostic information the assessment can provide at diagnosis and disease follow-up of primary plasma cell neoplasms. Technical requirements for MRD assays and their use in therapy efficacy assessment and clinical decision-making in multi-myeloma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Roshal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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11
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Wu Z, Wang H, Zheng Y, Fei H, Dong C, Wang Z, Ren W, Xu W, Bian T. Lumbar MR-based radiomics nomogram for detecting minimal residual disease in patients with multiple myeloma. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:5594-5605. [PMID: 36973432 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a standard for assessing treatment response in multiple myeloma (MM). MRD negativity is considered to be the most powerful predictor of long-term good outcomes. This study aimed to develop and validate a radiomics nomogram based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine to detect MRD after MM treatment. METHODS A total of 130 MM patients (55 MRD negative and 75 MRD positive) who had undergone MRD testing through next-generation flow cytometry were divided into a training set (n = 90) and a test set (n = 40). Radiomics features were extracted from lumbar spinal MRI (T1-weighted images and fat-suppressed T2-weighted images) by means of the minimum redundancy maximum relevance method and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm. A radiomics signature model was constructed. A clinical model was established using demographic features. A radiomics nomogram incorporating the radiomics signature and independent clinical factor was developed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Sixteen features were used to establish the radiomics signature. The radiomics nomogram included the radiomics signature and the independent clinical factor (free light chain ratio) and showed good performance in detecting the MRD status (area under the curve: 0.980 in the training set and 0.903 in the test set). CONCLUSIONS The lumbar MRI-based radiomics nomogram showed good performance in detecting MRD status in MM patients after treatment, and it is helpful for clinical decision-making. KEY POINTS • The presence or absence of minimal residual disease status has a strong predictive significance for the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma. • A radiomics nomogram based on lumbar MRI is a potential and reliable tool for evaluating minimal residual disease status in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjie Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yingmei Zheng
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Hairong Fei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Weifeng Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjian Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Tiantian Bian
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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12
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Oliva S, Genuardi E, Paris L, D'Agostino M, Rogers J, Rota-Scalabrini D, Jacob AP, Patriarca F, Luppi M, Bertazzoni P, Velluti C, Capra A, Saraci E, Rossi M, Allegra A, Mina R, Gentile M, Kirsch IR, Belotti A, Cavo M, Bruno B, Musto P, Boccadoro M, Zamagni E, Gay F. Prospective evaluation of minimal residual disease in the phase II FORTE trial: a head-to-head comparison between multiparameter flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 60:102016. [PMID: 37396800 PMCID: PMC10314153 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data are available on the concordance between multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in a large trial for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Methods MRD was explored in the FORTE trial for transplant-eligible MM patients randomised to three carfilzomib-based induction-intensification-consolidation treatments and carfilzomib-lenalidomide (KR) vs R maintenance. MRD was assessed by 8-colour 2nd-generation flow cytometry in patients with ≥very good partial response before maintenance. NGS was performed in case of suspected complete response (CR) in a correlative subanalysis. Biological/prognostic concordance between MFC and NGS, conversion to MRD negativity during maintenance, and 1-year/2-year sustained MRD negativity were explored. Findings Between September 28, 2015 and December 22, 2021, 2020 samples were available for MFC and 728 for the simultaneous MFC/NGS correlation in the "suspected CR population". Median follow-up was 62 months. Biological agreement was 87% at the 10-5 and 83% at the 10-6 cut-offs. A remarkable prognostic concordance was observed: hazard ratios in MFC-MRD and NGS-MRD-negative vs -positive patients were 0.29 and 0.27 for progression-free survival (PFS) and 0.35 and 0.31 for overall survival, respectively (p < 0.05). During maintenance, 4-year PFS was 91% and 97% in 1-year sustained MFC-MRD-negative and NGS-MRD-negative patients (10-5), respectively, and 99% and 97% in 2-year sustained MFC-MRD-negative and NGS-MRD-negative patients, regardless of treatment received. The conversion rate from pre-maintenance MRD positivity to negativity during maintenance was significantly higher with KR vs R both by MFC (46% vs 30%, p = 0.046) and NGS (56% vs 30%, p = 0.046). Interpretation The significant biological/clinical concordance between MFC and NGS at the same sensitivity suggests their possible use in the evaluation of one of the currently strongest predictors of outcome. Funding Amgen, Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb, Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Oliva
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Genuardi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Paris
- Division of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Mattia D'Agostino
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jennifer Rogers
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF), Norwalk, CT, USA
| | - Delia Rota-Scalabrini
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Patriarca
- Hematologic Clinic and Transplant Center, University Hospital of Central Friuli, DAME, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Materno Infantili e dell'Adulto, UNIMORE, UOC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Velluti
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Capra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elona Saraci
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- SOC Ematologia, Department of Oncology/Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Mina
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelo Belotti
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, “Aldo Moro” University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Zamagni
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gay
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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13
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Zamagni E, Oliva S, Gay F, Capra A, Rota-Scalabrini D, D'Agostino M, Belotti A, Galli M, Racca M, Zambello R, Gamberi B, Albano D, Bertamini L, Versari A, Grasso M, Sgherza N, Priola C, Fioritoni F, Patriarca F, De Cicco G, Villanova T, Pascarella A, Zucchetta P, Tacchetti P, Fanti S, Mancuso K, Barbato S, Boccadoro M, Musto P, Cavo M, Nanni C. Impact of minimal residual disease standardised assessment by FDG-PET/CT in transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma enrolled in the imaging sub-study of the FORTE trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 60:102017. [PMID: 37396807 PMCID: PMC10314158 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 18F-FDG-PET/CT is the current standard technique to define minimal residual disease (MRD) outside the bone marrow (BM) in multiple myeloma (MM), recently standardised applying the Deauville scores (DS) to focal lesions (FS) and bone marrow uptake (BMS) and defining the complete metabolic response (CMR) as uptake below the liver background (DS <4). Methods In this analysis, we aimed at confirming the role of CMR, and complementarity with BM multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) at 10-5, in an independent cohort of newly diagnosed transplant-eligible MM patients previously enrolled in the phase II randomised FORTE trial. 109 of the 474 global patients enrolled in the trial between February 23, 2015, and April 5, 2017, who had paired PET/CT (performed at baseline [B] and preceding maintenance therapy [PM]) and MFC evaluation, were included in this analysis. Findings At B, 93% of patients had focal lesions within the bones (FS ≥4 in 89%) and 99% increased BM uptake (BMS ≥4 in 61%). At PM, CMR was achieved in 63% of patients, which was a strong predictor for prolonged PFS in univariate analysis at landmark time PM (HR 0.40, P = 0.0065) and in Cox multivariate analysis (HR 0.31, P = 0.0023). Regarding OS, a trend in favour of CMR was present in univariate (HR 0.44, P = 0.094), and Cox multivariate model (HR 0.17, P = 0.0037). Patients achieving both PET/CT CMR and MFC negativity at PM showed significantly extended PFS in univariate (HR 0.45, P = 0.020) and multivariate analysis (HR 0.41, P = 0.015). Interpretation We herein confirm the applicability and validity of DS criteria to define CMR and its prognostic relevance and complementarity with MFC at the BM level. Funding Amgen, Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb, Italian Ministry of Health (RC-2022-2773423).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zamagni
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Oliva
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Gay
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Capra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Delia Rota-Scalabrini
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Torino, Italy
| | - Mattia D'Agostino
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Belotti
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Galli
- UO Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Manuela Racca
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Albano
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Bertamini
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Annibale Versari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Sgherza
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Priola
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Patriarca
- Hematologic Clinic and Transplant Center, University Hospital of Central Friuli, DAME, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Cicco
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tania Villanova
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Zucchetta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Tacchetti
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Mancuso
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Barbato
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, “Aldo Moro” University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Nanni
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Cordone I, Amodeo R, Bellesi S, Bottan F, Buccisano F, De Propris MS, Masi S, Panichi V, Scerpa MC, Annibali O, Bongarzoni V, Caravita di Toritto T, Coppetelli U, Cupelli L, de Fabritiis P, Franceschini L, Garzia M, Fiorini A, Laverde G, Mengarelli A, Za T, Petrucci MT. Consensus for Flow Cytometry Clinical Report on Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter Harmonization Process Merging Laboratory Experience and Clinical Needs. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072060. [PMID: 37046720 PMCID: PMC10093543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a highly sensitive and specific approach for discriminating between normal and clonal plasma cells in multiple myeloma. Uniform response criteria after treatment have been established by the International Myeloma Working Group and the EuroFlow Group; however, the way in which flow cytometry data are reported has suffered from no collaborative or multicentre efforts. This study, involving 8 expert laboratories and 12 clinical hematology units of the Lazio region in Italy, aims to produce a uniform and shared report among the various Centres. From the pre-analytical phase to sample processing, data acquisition, analysis, and evaluation of the potential limitations and pitfalls of the entire process, the study reaches a final conclusion shared by laboratories and clinicians according to the most updated principles and recommendations. The aim was to identify the necessary data to be included in the clinical report by using multiple-choice questionnaires at every single stage of the process. An agreement of more than 75% of the laboratories was considered mandatory for the data to be included in the report. By ensuring the operational autonomy of each laboratory, this study provides a clear report that limits subjective interpretations and highlights possible bias in the process, better supporting clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Cordone
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-065-266-5110
| | - Rachele Amodeo
- Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellesi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy and Haematology, IRCCS Foundation A. Gemelli University Hospital, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Bottan
- Clinical Pathology Unit, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Buccisano
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania De Propris
- Immunophenotype Laboratory, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Masi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Panichi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Belcolle Central Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Scerpa
- Haematology and Stem Cell Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Ombretta Annibali
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Velia Bongarzoni
- Haematology Unit, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Coppetelli
- Haematology and Stem Cell Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luca Cupelli
- Haematology Unit, Sant’Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Franceschini
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Garzia
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Fiorini
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Belcolle Central Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giacinto Laverde
- Haematology Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mengarelli
- Department of Research and Clinical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Za
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy and Haematology, IRCCS Foundation A. Gemelli University Hospital, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Haematology Unit, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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15
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Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in diagnosis, staging, and treatment response assessment of multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:565-583. [PMID: 35881152 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the initial diagnosis, staging, and assessment of treatment response in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The primary endpoints were defined as the diagnostic performance of DWI for disease detection, staging of MM, and assessing response to treatment in these patients. RESULTS Of 5881 initially reviewed publications, 33 were included in the final qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis. The diagnostic performance of DWI in the detection of patients with MM revealed pooled sensitivity and specificity of 86% (95% CI: 84-89) and 63% (95% CI: 56-70), respectively, with a diagnostic odds ratio (OR) of 14.98 (95% CI: 4.24-52.91). The pooled risk difference of 0.19 (95% CI: - 0.04-0.42) was reported in favor of upstaging with DWI compared to conventional MRI (P value = 0.1). Treatment response evaluation and ADCmean value changes across different studies showed sensitivity and specificity of approximately 78% (95% CI: 72-83) and 73% (95% CI: 61-83), respectively, with a diagnostic OR of 7.21 in distinguishing responders from non-responders. CONCLUSIONS DWI is not only a promising tool for the diagnosis of MM, but it is also useful in the initial staging and re-staging of the disease and treatment response assessment. This can aid clinicians with earlier initiation or change in treatment strategy, which could have prognostic significance for patients.
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Chokr N, Gomez-Arteaga A. Measurable Residual Disease After CAR T-Cell Therapy. Semin Hematol 2023; 60:34-41. [PMID: 37080709 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Testing for measurable residual disease (MRD) provides important prognostic and predictive implications on survival and management of many hematologic diseases. Among the many clinical uses of MRD is post-therapy response assessment and risk stratification. With the integration of precision medicine in routine clinical care and the development of novel and innovative therapies resulting in deeper responses, it is necessary to refine the role of MRD, standardize available methodologies and define its role as a surrogate endpoint for relapse and time-to-next treatment in clinical studies. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an approved treatment for various hematologic malignancies. Even though it produces high rates of remission, the durability of response is still a consideration as almost 40% to 50% of patients eventually relapse. MRD testing as a prognostic and surrogate marker is being explored in patients after CAR T-cell therapy to predict early relapse. In this chapter, we review the various tools available for MRD detection and monitoring post-CAR T-cell therapy. We later discuss disease-specific MRD assessment and its application in recent studies in the post-CAR T setting.
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Rath A, Panda T, Dass J, Seth T, Mahapatra M, Tyagi S. Minimal residual disease analysis in multiple myeloma: A single-center experience. JOURNAL OF APPLIED HEMATOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/joah.joah_69_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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18
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Pacelli P, Raspadori D, Bestoso E, Gozzetti A, Bocchia M. "Friends and foes" of multiple myeloma measurable/minimal residual disease evaluation by next generation flow. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1057713. [PMID: 36518304 PMCID: PMC9742464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1057713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Next Generation Flow (NGF) represents a gold standard for the evaluation of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) in Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients at any stage of treatment. Although the assessment of MRD is still not universally employed in clinical practice, numerous studies have demonstrated the strength of MRD as a reliable predictor of long-term outcome, and its potential to supersede the prognostic value of CR. The possibility to acquire millions of events, in combination with the use of standard reagents and a good expertise in the analysis of rare populations, led to high chance of success and a sensitivity of 10-6 that is superimposable to the one of Next Generation Sequencing molecular techniques. Some minor bias, correlated to the protocols applied, to the quality of samples and to the high heterogeneity of plasma cells phenotype, may be overcome using standard protocols and having at disposition personnel expertise for MRD analysis. With the use of NGF we can today enter a new phase of the quantification of residual disease, switching from the definition of "minimal" residual disease to "measurable" residual disease. This review takes account of the principle "friends and foes" of Myeloma "Measurable" Residual Disease evaluation by NGF, to give insights into the potentiality of this technique. The optimization of the quality of BM samples and the analytic expertise that permits to discriminate properly the rare pathologic clones, are the keys for obtaining results with a high clinical value that could be of great impact and relevance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pacelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Elena Bestoso
- Hematology Unit, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
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Bergantim R, Peixoto da Silva S, Polónia B, Barbosa MAG, Albergaria A, Lima J, Caires HR, Guimarães JE, Vasconcelos MH. Detection of Measurable Residual Disease Biomarkers in Extracellular Vesicles from Liquid Biopsies of Multiple Myeloma Patients-A Proof of Concept. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213686. [PMID: 36430163 PMCID: PMC9690807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring measurable residual disease (MRD) is crucial to assess treatment response in Multiple Myeloma (MM). Detection of MRD in peripheral blood (PB) by exploring Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), and their cargo, would allow frequent and minimally invasive monitoring of MM. This work aims to detect biomarkers of MRD in EVs isolated from MM patient samples at diagnosis and remission and compare the MRD-associated content between BM and PB EVs. EVs were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography, concentrated by ultrafiltration, and characterized according to their size and concentration, morphology, protein concentration, and the presence of EV-associated protein markers. EVs from healthy blood donors were used as controls. It was possible to isolate EVs from PB and BM carrying MM markers. Diagnostic samples had different levels of MM markers between PB and BM paired samples, but no differences between PB and BM were found at remission. EVs concentration was lower in the PB of healthy controls than of patients, and MM markers were mostly not detected in EVs from controls. This study pinpoints the potential of PB EVs from MM remission patients as a source of MM biomarkers and as a non-invasive approach for monitoring MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bergantim
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Hospital Center of São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, FMUP—Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Polónia
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mélanie A. G. Barbosa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Albergaria
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Research Innovation Unit, Translational Research & Industry Partnerships Office, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Research Innovation Unit, Translational Research & Industry Partnerships Office, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José E. Guimarães
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Hospital Center of São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, FMUP—Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário IUCSESPU, 4585-116 Gandra-Paredes, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.E.G.); (M.H.V.); Tel.: +351-225-570-772 (J.E.G. & M.H.V.)
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.E.G.); (M.H.V.); Tel.: +351-225-570-772 (J.E.G. & M.H.V.)
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20
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Gao Q, Chen X, Cherian S, Roshal M. Mature B‐ and plasma‐cell flow cytometric analysis: A review of the impact of targeted therapy. CYTOMETRY PART B: CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 104:224-242. [PMID: 36321879 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has been indispensable in diagnosing B cell lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasms. The advances in novel multicolor flow cytometry have also made this technology a robust tool for monitoring minimal/measurable residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. However, challenges using conventional gating strategies to isolate neoplastic B or plasma cells are emerging due to the rapidly increasing number of antibody therapeutics targeting single or multiple classic B/plasma cell-lineage markers, such as CD19, CD20, and CD22 in B cells and CD38 in plasma cells. This review is the first of a two-part series that summarizes the most current targeted therapies used in B and plasma cell neoplasms and proposes detailed alternative approaches to overcome post-targeted therapy analysis challenges by flow cytometry. The second review in this series (Chen et al.) focuses on challenges encountered in the use of targeted therapy in precursor B cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Sindu Cherian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
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21
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Matsumoto H, Fujita Y, Fukatsu M, Ikezoe T, Yokose K, Asano T, Tsuchida N, Maeda A, Yoshida S, Hashimoto H, Temmoku J, Matsuoka N, Yashiro-Furuya M, Sato S, Murakami M, Sato H, Sakuma C, Kawashima K, Shakespear N, Uchiyama Y, Watanabe H, Kirino Y, Matsumoto N, Migita K. Case Report: Coexistence of Multiple Myeloma and Auricular Chondritis in VEXAS Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897722. [PMID: 35757758 PMCID: PMC9218563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome is an inflammatory disorder caused by somatic UBA1 variants, which are sometimes associated with hematological disorders, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). VEXAS syndrome often overlaps with rheumatic diseases, including relapsing polychondritis. Here, we describe a case of VEXAS syndrome with auricular chondritis and exceptional multiple myeloma (MM). An 83-year-old man was diagnosed with MM, which was treated once by lenalidomide hydrate obtaining a partial response, but the patient did not desire further aggressive therapy. Although the treatment was effective, progressive macrocytic anemia and inflammation of both the ears emerged over the following 2 months. The histological examination of the auricle skin revealed that the perichondrial area was infiltrated by inflammatory cells, leading to the diagnosis of auricular chondritis. He was treated with oral prednisolone 40 mg/day, and his symptoms rapidly resolved. The re-evaluation of the histopathological bone marrow findings revealed vacuoles in the myeloid precursor cells without myelodysplasia-related changes. Sanger sequencing of UBA1 was performed using genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes and revealed a somatic variant (c.122T>C:p.Met41Thr) consistent with VEXAS syndrome. This demonstrates that patients with chondritis can have complications with MM despite the absence of underlying MDS. A strong association exists between UBA1 variants and the risk of MDS; however, it remains elusive whether somatic UBA1 variants contribute to the development of plasma cell dyscrasia without MDS. Hence, we discuss the possible relationship between auricular chondritis and MM on a background of VEXAS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Matsumoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Fukatsu
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikezoe
- Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokose
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Maeda
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Honami Hashimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jumpei Temmoku
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuoka
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Makiko Yashiro-Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mai Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chiharu Sakuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Norshalena Shakespear
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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22
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Immunophenotypic Characteristics of Bone Marrow Microenvironment Cellular Composition at the Biochemical Progression of Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133722. [PMID: 35807007 PMCID: PMC9267252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) relapses are inevitable in the majority of patients, and in addition to genetic changes in the MM clone, the immune profile of the bone marrow (BM) plays a key role in this process. Biochemical progression or relapse (BR) precedes clinical relapse in a significant proportion of patients with MM. In the present study, we used flow cytometry to assess the cellular composition of the BM microenvironment in MM patients with confirmed BR. Fifteen distinct cells subsets in the BM were evaluated with the panel of antibodies used routinely for MRD monitoring in MM in 52 patients with MM (MRD-negative n = 20, BR n = 20, and clinically relapsed MM, RMM n = 12). The median percentage of MM cells detected in BR patients was 0.90% versus not detectable in MRD-negative patients and of 3.0% in RMM cohort. Compared to the MRD-negative group, BR status was associated with an increase in the percentage of lymphoid subpopulations, including memory B cells (p = 0.003), CD27+T cells (p = 0.002), and NK/NKT cells (p < 0.001). Moreover, a decrease in B-cell precursors (p < 0.001) and neutrophils (p = 0.006) was observed. There were no significant differences in the composition of the BM cell subpopulations between the BR and RMM groups. Our results indicate the involvement of B-, T-, and NK cells in the process of losing immune surveillance over the MM clone that leads to relapse. It can be speculated that similar studies of a larger cohort of BR patients can potentially identify a group of patients for which an early treatment intervention would be beneficial.
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23
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Das N, Dahiya M, Gupta R, Kumar L, Sharma A, Rai S, Singh S, Prajapati VK, Sahoo RK, Gogia A. Relevance of polyclonal plasma cells and post-therapy immunomodulation in measurable residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 102:209-219. [PMID: 35389550 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunophenotypic profile and post-therapy alteration in antigenic expression were evaluated in normal, reactive, and aberrant plasma cells (NPC, RPC, and APC) for impact on measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment in multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS Samples from non-MM staging marrow (n = 30), Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 30) and MM (n = 724) were prospectively evaluated for expression profiles of NPC, RPC, and APC using antigens recommended in consensus guidelines. RESULTS Polyclonal NPC-RPC demonstrated aberrations for all antigens evaluated with a higher frequency of aberrancies in post-therapy samples compared to treatment naïve samples (p < 0.001%). Immunomodulation in APC was observed in 79% of post-therapy samples with a change in expression of 1, 2, and ≥3 antigens in 19.9%, 15.6%, and 43.5% samples, respectively. In 13.4% of samples, APC showed no aberrancy and aberrant status was assigned based on cytoplasmic light chain restriction (cyLCR) alone. 9% samples with an admixture of NPC and APC displayed normal cytoplasmic kappa to lambda ratio (cyKLR) when the percentage of APC of total PC (neoplastic plasma cell index, NPCI), was below 25% and 50% for kappa and lambda restricted cases, respectively. CONCLUSION The panorama and high frequency of antigenic aberrations on polyclonal PC signify the importance of MRD assay validation on a large cohort under normal and reactive conditions. Frequent Immunophenotypic shifts in APC re-confirm the redundancy of baseline immunophenotype for MRD evaluation. Small clones of APC may be missed by assessment of cyKLR alone and therefore, surface marker aberrancy supported by cyLCR is required for definitive assignment of residual APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Das
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meetu Dahiya
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Rai
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay K Prajapati
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit K Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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24
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Broijl A, de Jong ACM, van Duin M, Sonneveld P, Kühnau J, van der Velden VHJ. VS38c and CD38-Multiepitope Antibodies Provide Highly Comparable Minimal Residual Disease Data in Patients With Multiple Myeloma. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:494-497. [PMID: 34643211 PMCID: PMC8973271 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare flow cytometric minimal residual disease (MRD) data obtained using the EuroFlow approach, including the CD38-multiepitope (ME) antibody or the VS38c antibody. Methods We evaluated 29 bone marrow samples from patients with multiple myeloma (MM), of whom 15 had received daratumumab within the past 6 months. We evaluated MRD data and fluorescence intensities. Results Qualitative MRD data were 100% concordant between the 2 approaches. In MRD-positive samples (n = 14), MRD levels showed an excellent correlation (R2 = 0.999). Whereas VS38c staining was strong in both normal plasma cells and MM cells, independent of daratumumab treatment, staining intensities for CD38 were lower in MM cells compared with normal plasma cells, and on both cell types CD38 expression was significantly reduced in daratumumab-treated patients. Conclusions Both CD38-ME and VS38c allow reliable MRD detection in MM patients, but the high expression of VS38c allows easier identification of MM cells, especially in daratumumab-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek Broijl
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Augustinus C M de Jong
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van Duin
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Kühnau
- Reagent Partnership Division, Diagnostics and Genomics Group, Agilent Technologies, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Vincent H J van der Velden
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Baumelou M, Payssot A, Row C, Racine J, Lafon I, Bastie J, Chevreux S, Chrétien M, Maynadié M, Caillot D, Guy J. Early achievement of measurable residual disease negativity in the treatment of multiple myeloma as predictor of outcome. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:e82-e85. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Baumelou
- Service d'Hématologie biologique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
| | - Alexandre Payssot
- Service d'Hématologie clinique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
| | - Celine Row
- Service d'Hématologie biologique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
| | - Jessica Racine
- Service d'Hématologie biologique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
| | - Ingrid Lafon
- Service d'Hématologie clinique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
| | - Jean‐Noél Bastie
- Service d'Hématologie clinique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
| | - Steeve Chevreux
- Service d'Hématologie clinique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
| | | | - Marc Maynadié
- Service d'Hématologie biologique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
| | - Denis Caillot
- Service d'Hématologie clinique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
| | - Julien Guy
- Service d'Hématologie biologique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon Dijon France
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26
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Soh KT, Came N, Otteson GE, Jevremovic D, Shi M, Olteanu H, Natoni A, Lagoo A, Theakston E, Óskarsson JÞ, Gorniak M, Grigoriadis G, Arroz M, Fletcher M, Lin P, Ludwig P, Tembhare P, Matuzeviciene R, Radzevicius M, Kay S, Chen W, Cabrita C, Wallace PK. Evaluation of multiple myeloma measurable residual disease by high sensitivity flow cytometry: An international harmonized approach for data analysis. CYTOMETRY PART B: CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 102:88-106. [PMID: 35005838 PMCID: PMC10105368 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) measurable residual disease (MRD) evaluated by flow cytometry is a surrogate for progression-free and overall survival in clinical trials. However, analysis and reporting between centers lack uniformity. We designed and evaluated a consensus protocol for MM MRD analysis to reduce inter-laboratory variation in MM MRD reporting. METHODS Seventeen participants from 13 countries performed blinded analysis of the same eight de-identified flow cytometry files from patients with/without MRD using their own method (Stage 1). A consensus gating protocol was then designed following survey and discussions, and the data re-analyzed for MRD and other bone marrow cells (Stage 2). Inter-laboratory variation using the consensus strategy was reassessed for another 10 cases and compared with earlier results (Stage 3). RESULTS In Stage 1, participants agreed on MRD+/MRD- status 89% and 68% of the time respectively. Inter-observer variation was high for total numbers of analyzed cells, total and normal plasma cells (PCs), limit of detection, lower limit of quantification, and enumeration of cell populations that determine sample adequacy. The identification of abnormal PCs remained relatively consistent. By consensus method, average agreement on MRD- status improved to 74%. Better consistency enumerating all parameters among operators resulted in near-unanimous agreement on sample adequacy. CONCLUSION Uniform flow cytometry data analysis substantially reduced inter-laboratory variation in reporting multiple components of the MM MRD assay. Adoption of a harmonized approach would meet an important need for conformity in reporting MM MRD for clinical trials, and wider acceptance of MM MRD as a surrogate clinical endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Teong Soh
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
| | - Neil Came
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | | | - Min Shi
- Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | | | | | - Anand Lagoo
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Arroz
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental Hospital S. Francisco Xavier Lisbon Portugal
| | - Matthew Fletcher
- UK NEQAS for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, Department of Haematology Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield UK
| | - Pei Lin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | | | | | - Reda Matuzeviciene
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Laboratory Medicine Centre Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Mantas Radzevicius
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Laboratory Medicine Centre Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Sigi Kay
- Tel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel‐Aviv Israel
| | - Weina Chen
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | | | - Paul K. Wallace
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
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Van de Wyngaert Z, Boyle EM. Multiparameter flow cytometry in plasma cell disorders: when in doubt, go with the flow. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:1132-1133. [PMID: 34825361 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Van de Wyngaert
- Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR 938, Paris, France
| | - Eileen M Boyle
- NYU Langone's Perlmutter Cancer Center, New-York, NY, USA
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28
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Krzywdzińska A, Puła B, Czyż A, Krzymieniewska B, Kiernicka-Parulska J, Mierzwa A, Szymczak D, Milanowska A, Kiraga A, Kwiecień I, Zaleska J, Jamroziak K. Harmonization of Flow Cytometric Minimal Residual Disease Assessment in Multiple Myeloma in Centers of Polish Myeloma Consortium. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101872. [PMID: 34679569 PMCID: PMC8534749 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) status is now considered as one of the most relevant prognostic factors in multiple myeloma (MM) while MRD negativity became an important endpoint in clinical trials. Here, we report the results of the first study evaluating the reproducibility of high-sensitivity flow cytometry MM MRD assessment in four laboratories in Poland. EuroFlow protocols for instrument setting standardization and sample preparation in MM MRD assessment were implemented in each laboratory. In the inter-laboratory reproducibility study, 12 bone marrow samples from MM patients were distributed and processed in participant laboratories. In the inter-operator concordance study, 13 raw data files from MM MRD measurements were analyzed by five independent operators. The inter-laboratory study showed high 95% overall concordance of results among laboratories. In the inter-operator study, 89% of MRD results reported were concordant, and the highest immunophenotype interpretation differences with regard to expression of CD27, CD45, CD81 were noticed. We confirmed the applicability and feasibility of the EuroFlow protocol as a highly sensitive method of MRD evaluation in MM. Results of our inter-center comparison study demonstrate that the standardization of MM MRD assessment protocols is highly desirable to improve quality and comparability of results within and between different clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krzywdzińska
- Laboratory of Immunophenotyping, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Czyż
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Beata Krzymieniewska
- Laboratory of Immunophenotyping, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Kiernicka-Parulska
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Haematology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital of Lord’s Transfiguration, 60-101 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Mierzwa
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Haematology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital of Lord’s Transfiguration, 60-101 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Donata Szymczak
- Flow Cytometry and Cytomorphology Laboratory, Department and Clinic of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital in Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.S.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aneta Milanowska
- Flow Cytometry and Cytomorphology Laboratory, Department and Clinic of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital in Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.S.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kiraga
- Flow Cytometry and Cytomorphology Laboratory, Department and Clinic of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital in Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.S.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Iwona Kwiecień
- Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Zaleska
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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29
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Medina A, Jiménez C, Puig N, Sarasquete ME, Flores-Montero J, García-Álvarez M, Prieto-Conde I, Chillón C, Alcoceba M, González-Calle V, Gutiérrez NC, Jacobsen A, Vigil E, Hutt K, Huang Y, Orfao A, González M, Miller J, García-Sanz R. Interlaboratory Analytical Validation of a Next-Generation Sequencing Strategy for Clonotypic Assessment and Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Multiple Myeloma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 146:862-871. [PMID: 34619755 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0088-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a major prognostic factor in multiple myeloma, although validated technologies are limited. OBJECTIVE.— To standardize the performance of the LymphoTrack next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays (Invivoscribe), targeting clonal immunoglobulin rearrangements, in order to reproduce the detection of tumor clonotypes and MRD quantitation in myeloma. DESIGN.— The quantification ability of the assay was evaluated through serial dilution experiments. Paired samples from 101 patients were tested by LymphoTrack, using Sanger sequencing and EuroFlow's next-generation flow (NGF) assay as validated references for diagnostic and follow-up evaluation, respectively. MRD studies using LymphoTrack were performed in parallel at 2 laboratories to evaluate reproducibility. RESULTS.— Sensitivity was set as 1.3 tumor cells per total number of input cells. Clonality was confirmed in 99% and 100% of cases with Sanger and NGS, respectively, showing great concordance (97.9%), although several samples had minor discordances in the nucleotide sequence of rearrangements. Parallel NGS was performed in 82 follow-up cases, achieving a median sensitivity of 0.001%, while for NGF, median sensitivity was 0.0002%. Reproducibility of LymphoTrack-based MRD studies (85.4%) and correlation with NGF (R2 > 0.800) were high. Bland-Altman tests showed highly significant levels of agreement between flow and sequencing. CONCLUSIONS.— Taken together, we have shown that LymphoTrack is a suitable strategy for clonality detection and MRD evaluation, with results comparable to gold standard procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Medina
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Cristina Jiménez
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Noemí Puig
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - María Eugenia Sarasquete
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Juan Flores-Montero
- Departamento de Citometría de Flujo, Laboratorio 11, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00400, Salamanca, Spain (Flores-Montero, Orfao)
| | - María García-Álvarez
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Isabel Prieto-Conde
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Carmen Chillón
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Miguel Alcoceba
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Verónica González-Calle
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Norma C Gutiérrez
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Austin Jacobsen
- Invivoscribe, Inc, San Diego, California (Jacobsen, Vigil, Hutt, Huang, Miller)
| | - Edgar Vigil
- Invivoscribe, Inc, San Diego, California (Jacobsen, Vigil, Hutt, Huang, Miller)
| | - Kasey Hutt
- Invivoscribe, Inc, San Diego, California (Jacobsen, Vigil, Hutt, Huang, Miller)
| | - Ying Huang
- Invivoscribe, Inc, San Diego, California (Jacobsen, Vigil, Hutt, Huang, Miller)
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Departamento de Citometría de Flujo, Laboratorio 11, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00400, Salamanca, Spain (Flores-Montero, Orfao)
| | - Marcos González
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
| | - Jeffrey Miller
- Invivoscribe, Inc, San Diego, California (Jacobsen, Vigil, Hutt, Huang, Miller)
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- From Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSAL/IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC-CB16/12/00233, Salamanca, Spain (Medina, Jiménez, Puig, Sarasquete, García-Álvarez, Prieto-Conde, Chillón, Alcoceba, González-Calle, Gutiérrez, González, García-Sanz)
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30
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Holstein SA, Bahlis N, Bergsagel PL, Bhutani M, Bolli N, Brownstein C, Demolis P, Foureau D, Gay F, Ghobrial IM, Gormley N, Hillengass J, Kaiser M, Maus MV, Melenhorst JJ, Merz M, Dwyer MO, Paiva B, Pasquini MC, Shah N, Wong SW, Usmani SZ, McCarthy PL. The 2020 BMT CTN Myeloma Intergroup Workshop on Immune Profiling and Minimal Residual Disease Testing in Multiple Myeloma. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:807-816. [PMID: 34107340 PMCID: PMC8478786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The fifth annual Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network Myeloma Intergroup Workshop on Immune Profiling and Minimal Residual Disease Testing in Multiple Myeloma was conducted as one of the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting Scientific Workshops on Thursday December 3, 2020. This workshop focused on four main topics: (1) integrating minimal residual disease into clinical trial design and practice; (2) the molecular and immunobiology of disease evolution and progression in myeloma; (3) adaptation of next-generation sequencing, next-generation flow cytometry, and cytometry by time of flight techniques; and (4) chimeric antigen receptor T-cell and other cellular therapies for myeloma. In this report, we provide a summary of the workshop presentations and discuss future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nizar Bahlis
- University of Calgary, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Niccolo Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, and Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Gay
- University of Torino, Divisione di Ematologia 1, Myeloma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Gormley
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Martin Kaiser
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maximilian Merz
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; Department of Medicine II, University Clinic Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Nina Shah
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sandy W Wong
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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31
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Soh KT, Wallace PK. Evaluation of measurable residual disease in multiple myeloma by multiparametric flow cytometry: Current paradigm, guidelines, and future applications. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43 Suppl 1:43-53. [PMID: 34288449 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous group of mature B-cell diseases that are typically characterized by the presence and accumulation of abnormal plasma cells (PCs), which results in the excess production of monoclonal immunoglobulin and/or light chain found in the serum and/or urine. Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) is an indispensable tool to supplement the diagnosis, classification and monitoring of the disease due to its high patient applicability, excellent sensitivity and encouraging results from various clinical trials. In this regard, minimal or, more appropriately, measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity by MFC has been recognized as a powerful predictor of favourable long-term outcomes. Before flow cytometry can be effectively implemented in the clinical setting for MM MRD testing, sample preparation, panel configuration, analysis and gating strategies must be optimized to ensure accurate results. This manuscript will discuss the current consensus guidelines for flow cytometric processing of samples and reporting of results for MM MRD testing. We also discuss alternative approaches to detect plasma cells in the presence of daratumumab treatment. Finally, there is a lack of information describing the subclonal distribution of myeloma cells based on their protein expression. The advent of high-dimensional analysis may assist in following the evolution of antigen expression patterns on abnormal plasma cells in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. This in turn can help identify clonal subtypes that are more aggressive for potential informed decision. An analysis using t-SNE to identify the emergence of PCs subclones by MFC, along with the analysis of their immunophenotypic profiles are presented as a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Teong Soh
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paul K Wallace
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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32
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Ng DP. Flow cytometric myeloma measurable residual disease testing in the era of targeted therapies. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43 Suppl 1:71-77. [PMID: 34288444 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapies in myeloma are rapidly advancing with a host of new targeted therapies coming to market. While these drugs offer significant survival benefits and better side-effect profiles compared with conventional chemotherapeutics, they raise significant difficulties in monitoring post-therapy disease status by flow cytometry due to assay interference and/or selection of phenotypically different sub-clones. The principal culprit, anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, limits the ability to detect plasma cells based on classical CD38/CD45 gating. Other markers, such as CD138, are known to be suboptimal by flow cytometry. Various techniques have been proposed to overcome this problem. The most promising of these techniques has been the marker VS38c, a monoclonal antibody targeting an endoplasmic reticulum protein which has shown high sensitivity for plasma cells. Alternative techniques for gating plasma cells, while variably effective in the near term are already the subject of several targeted therapies rendering their usefulness limited in the longer term. Likewise, future targets of these therapies may render present aberrancy markers ineffective in MRD testing. These therapies pose challenges that must be overcome with new markers and novel panels in order for flow cytometric MRD testing to remain relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Ng
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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33
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Yoroidaka T, Narita K, Takamatsu H, Fujisawa M, Nakao S, Matsue K. Comparison of minimal residual disease detection in multiple myeloma between the DuraClone and EuroFlow methods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11218. [PMID: 34045494 PMCID: PMC8160149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the minimal residual disease (MRD) levels in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were assessed by comparing the new 8-color single-tube multiparameter flow cytometry method (DuraClone), which reduces the cost of antibodies and labor burden of laboratories, with the EuroFlow next-generation flow (NGF) method. A total of 96 samples derived from 69 patients with MM were assessed to determine the total cell acquisition number (tCAN), percentages of total and normal plasma cells (PCs), and MRD levels using two methods. We found that the tCAN was significantly higher with EuroFlow-NGF than with DuraClone (median 8.6 × 106 vs. 5.7 × 106; p < 0.0001). In addition, a significant correlation in the MRD levels between the two methods was noted (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001). However, in the qualitative analysis, 5.2% (5/96) of the samples showed discrepancies in the MRD levels. In conclusion, the DuraClone is a good option to evaluate MRD in multiple myeloma but it should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoroidaka
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kentaro Narita
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-chou, Kamogawa-shi, Chiba, 296-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamatsu
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Momoko Fujisawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakao
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kosei Matsue
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-chou, Kamogawa-shi, Chiba, 296-8602, Japan.
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34
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Stanley J, Hui H, Erber W, Clynick B, Fuller K. Analysis of human chromosomes by imaging flow cytometry. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2021; 100:541-553. [PMID: 34033226 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal analysis is traditionally performed by karyotyping on metaphase spreads, or by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase cells or metaphase spreads. Flow cytometry was introduced as a new method to analyze chromosomes number (ploidy) and structure (telomere length) in the 1970s with data interpretation largely based on fluorescence intensity. This technology has had little uptake for human cytogenetic applications primarily due to analytical challenges. The introduction of imaging flow cytometry, with the addition of digital images to standard multi-parametric flow cytometry quantitative tools, has added a new dimension. The ability to visualize the chromosomes and FISH signals overcomes the inherent difficulties when the data is restricted to fluorescence intensity. This field is now moving forward with methods being developed to assess chromosome number and structure in whole cells (normal and malignant) in suspension. A recent advance has been the inclusion of immunophenotyping such that antigen expression can be used to identify specific cells of interest for specific chromosomes and their abnormalities. This capability has been illustrated in blood cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and plasma cell myeloma. The high sensitivity and specificity achievable highlights the potential imaging flow cytometry has for cytogenomic applications (i.e., diagnosis and disease monitoring). This review introduces and describes the development, current status, and applications of imaging flow cytometry for chromosomal analysis of human chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stanley
- Translational Cancer Pathology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Henry Hui
- Translational Cancer Pathology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy Erber
- Translational Cancer Pathology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Britt Clynick
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathy Fuller
- Translational Cancer Pathology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Bertamini L, D'Agostino M, Gay F. MRD Assessment in Multiple Myeloma: Progress and Challenges. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2021; 16:162-171. [PMID: 33950462 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-021-00633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the last decade, the development of effective treatment approaches for multiple myeloma (MM) has been associated with higher response rates and longer survival. In patients who achieve complete response, several high sensitivity techniques have been studied to assess minimal residual disease (MRD) and detect residual neoplastic cells within the bone marrow (by flow cytometry or molecular biology techniques) or outside the bone marrow (by imaging or circulating disease markers in the peripheral blood). This is of utmost importance, since residual disease can drive clinical relapse. This review focuses on the progress made in the assessment of MRD in MM. RECENT FINDINGS The achievement of MRD negativity after therapy is considered prognostically important for MM patients, and data from clinical trials and meta-analyses have confirmed that it is strongly associated with better survival. Along with well-known techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), next-generation flow (NGF), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), other methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and circulating tumor cells are under study. Intensive treatment regimens at diagnosis can lead up to 70% of MRD negativity in MM patients, although the current proportion of curable patients is still unknown. Today, clinicians who treat MM deal with MRD assessment in routine clinical practice. Its appropriate use in therapeutic decision making may be the most fascinating and challenging issue to be addressed over the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bertamini
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Mattia D'Agostino
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Gay
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Seth N, Mahajan V, Kedia S, Sutar A, Sehgal K. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) detection in B- ALL – Experience of a standalone flow cytometry laboratory. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hedley BD, Cheng G, Keeney M, Kern W, Padurean A, Luider J, Chin‐Yee I, Lowes LE, Rohrbach J, Ortega R, Smit A, Lo K, Magari R, Tejidor L. A multicenter study evaluation of the ClearLLab 10C panels. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2021; 100:225-234. [PMID: 32667744 PMCID: PMC8048967 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiparameter flow cytometry plays an important role in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of patients with a suspected hematological malignancy. The ClearLLab 10C Panels consist of four reagent panels (B-Lineage Tube, T-Lineage Tube, and 2 Myeloid Lineage Tubes), each consisting of 10 color/10 antibody conjugates utilizing Beckman Coulters proprietary dry format optimized for investigating patients with suspected leukemia or lymphoma. A multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the ClearLLab 10C Panels for qualitative assessment of normal versus abnormal phenotype in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph node samples with suspected hematological malignancies. ClearLLab 10C was compared to laboratory developed tests (LDTs) and final clinical diagnosis. Four clinical sites were used to enroll patient's spent specimens (n = 453); three laboratories in North America and one in Europe. Of the 453 specimens, 198 had no malignancy and 255 contained an abnormal population. The diagnostic accuracy of the ClearLLab 10C Panels was achieved with sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 95% with respect to patient final clinical diagnosis. The agreement of phenotyping between ClearLLab10C Panels and LDTs was 98%. Any differences noted between ClearLLab 10C and LDT were due to either the presence of populations below the level of detection, the lack of clinical information provided to the evaluators, or marker(s) not present in these panels. Overall, the ClearLLab 10C demonstrated excellent agreement to LDTs and diagnosis. These four reagent panels can be adopted by individual laboratories to assess the presence or absence of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Hedley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLondon Health Sciences CenterLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Guoyan Cheng
- Department of Clinical Research, Beckman Coulter, Inc.MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Michael Keeney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLondon Health Sciences CenterLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Wolfgang Kern
- MLL Munich Leukemia LaboratoryDepartment of ImmunophenotypingMunichGermany
| | - Adrian Padurean
- Neogenomics Laboratory, Inc.Department of Flow CytometryFort MyersFloridaUSA
| | - Joanne Luider
- Calgary Laboratory ServicesFlow Cytometry CalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Ian Chin‐Yee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLondon Health Sciences CenterLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Lori E. Lowes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLondon Health Sciences CenterLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Justin Rohrbach
- Department of Clinical Research, Beckman Coulter, Inc.MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Robert Ortega
- Department of Clinical Research, Beckman Coulter, Inc.MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Astrid Smit
- Department of Clinical Research, Beckman Coulter, Inc.MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Ka‐Wai Lo
- Department of Clinical Research, Beckman Coulter, Inc.MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Robert Magari
- Department of Clinical Research, Beckman Coulter, Inc.MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Liliana Tejidor
- Department of Clinical Research, Beckman Coulter, Inc.MiamiFloridaUSA
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Zuo X, Liu D. Progress in the application of minimal residual disease detection in multiple myeloma. J Hematop 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-020-00436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Novel Insights in Anti-CD38 Therapy Based on CD38-Receptor Expression and Function: The Multiple Myeloma Model. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122666. [PMID: 33322499 PMCID: PMC7764337 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of malignant plasmacells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM). Despite widespread use of high-dose chemotherapy in combination with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and the introduction of novel agents (immunomodulatory drugs, IMiDs, and proteasome inhibitors, PIs), the prognosis of MM patients is still poor. CD38 is a multifunctional cell-surface glycoprotein with receptor and ectoenzymatic activities. The very high and homogeneous expression of CD38 on myeloma PCs makes it an attractive target for novel therapeutic strategies. Several anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies have been, or are being, developed for the treatment of MM, including daratumumab and isatuximab. Here we provide an in-depth look at CD38 biology, the role of CD38 in MM progression and its complex interactions with the BM microenvironment, the importance of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, and the main mechanisms of antibody resistance. We then review a number of multiparametric flow cytometry techniques exploiting CD38 antigen expression on PCs to diagnose and monitor the response to treatment in MM patients.
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40
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Minimal residual disease assessment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by 4-color flow cytometry: Recommendations from the MRD Working Group of the Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2020; 43:332-340. [PMID: 33281111 PMCID: PMC8446261 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The minimal residual disease (MRD) status plays a crucial role in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is currently used in most therapeutic protocols to guide the appropriate therapeutic decision. Therefore, it is imperative that laboratories offer accurate and reliable results through well standardized technical processes by establishing rigorous operating procedures. Method Our goal is to propose a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) panel for MRD detection in ALL and provide recommendations intended for flow cytometry laboratories that work on 4-color flow cytometry platforms. Results and conclusion The document includes pre-analytical and analytical procedures, quality control assurance, technical procedures, as well as the information that needs to be included in the reports for clinicians.
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Abstract
The TEMPI syndrome is a rare and acquired disorder characterized by 5 salient features, which compose its name: (1) telangiectasias; (2) elevated erythropoietin and erythrocytosis; (3) monoclonal gammopathy; (4) perinephric fluid collections; and (5) intrapulmonary shunting. Complete resolution of symptoms following treatment with plasma cell-directed therapy supports the hypothesis that the monoclonal antibody is causal and pathogenic. Understanding the basis of the TEMPI syndrome will depend on the identification of additional patients and a coordinated international effort.
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42
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Medina A, Puig N, Flores-Montero J, Jimenez C, Sarasquete ME, Garcia-Alvarez M, Prieto-Conde I, Chillon C, Alcoceba M, Gutierrez NC, Oriol A, Rosinol L, Bladè J, Gironella M, Hernandez MT, Gonzalez-Calle V, Cedena MT, Paiva B, San-Miguel JF, Lahuerta JJ, Mateos MV, Martinez-Lopez J, Orfao A, Gonzalez M, Garcia-Sanz R. Comparison of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and next-generation flow (NGF) for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2020; 10:108. [PMID: 33127891 PMCID: PMC7603393 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-00377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting persistent minimal residual disease (MRD) allows the identification of patients with an increased risk of relapse and death. In this study, we have evaluated MRD 3 months after transplantation in 106 myeloma patients using a commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategy (LymphoTrack®), and compared the results with next-generation flow (NGF, EuroFlow). The use of different marrow pulls and the need of concentrating samples for NGS biased the applicability for MRD evaluation and favored NGF. Despite that, correlation between NGS and NGF was high (R2 = 0.905). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates by NGS and NGF were longer for undetectable vs. positive patients (NGS: 88.7% vs. 56.6%; NGF: 91.4% vs. 50%; p < 0.001 for both comparisons), which resulted in a 3-year overall survival (OS) advantage (NGS: 96.2% vs. 77.3%; NGF: 96.6% vs. 74.9%, p < 0.01 for both comparisons). In the Cox regression model, NGS and NGF negativity had similar results but favoring the latter in PFS (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.09–0.45, p < 0.001) and OS (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.75, p = 0.02). All these results reinforce the role of MRD detection by different strategies in patient prognosis and highlight the use of MRD as an endpoint for multiple myeloma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Medina
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noemi Puig
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Flores-Montero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Jimenez
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - M-Eugenia Sarasquete
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - María Garcia-Alvarez
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto-Conde
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Chillon
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcoceba
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norma C Gutierrez
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Albert Oriol
- Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncología (ICO), Institut Josep Carreras, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Rosinol
- Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Institut de Investicacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Bladè
- Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Institut de Investicacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Veronica Gonzalez-Calle
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria-Teresa Cedena
- Hospital 12 de Octubre, i + 12, CNIO, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CUN), Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus F San-Miguel
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CUN), Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan-Jose Lahuerta
- Hospital 12 de Octubre, i + 12, CNIO, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Victoria Mateos
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Orfao
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcos Gonzalez
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ramon Garcia-Sanz
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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Holstein SA, Howard A, Avigan D, Bhutani M, Cohen AD, Costa LJ, Dhodapkar MV, Gay F, Gormley N, Green DJ, Hillengass J, Korde N, Li Z, Mailankody S, Neri P, Parekh S, Pasquini MC, Puig N, Roodman GD, Samur MK, Shah N, Shah UA, Shi Q, Spencer A, Suman VJ, Usmani SZ, McCarthy PL. Summary of the 2019 Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network Myeloma Intergroup Workshop on Minimal Residual Disease and Immune Profiling. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:e247-e255. [PMID: 32589921 PMCID: PMC7529908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) Myeloma Intergroup has organized an annual workshop focused on minimal residual disease (MRD) testing and immune profiling (IP) in multiple myeloma since 2016. In 2019, the workshop took place as an American Society of Hematology (ASH) Friday Scientific Workshop titled "Immune Profiling and Minimal Residual Disease Testing in Multiple Myeloma." This workshop focused on 4 main topics: the molecular and immunologic evolution of plasma cell disorders, development of new laboratory- and imaging-based MRD assessment approaches, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy research, and statistical and regulatory issues associated with novel clinical endpoints. In this report, we provide a summary of the workshop and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Howard
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David Avigan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Adam D Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Francesca Gay
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicole Gormley
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Damian J Green
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center & Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Neha Korde
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zihai Li
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | - Samir Parekh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Noemi Puig
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G David Roodman
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Nina Shah
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Urvi A Shah
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Qian Shi
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Dold SM, Riebl V, Wider D, Follo M, Pantic M, Ihorst G, Duyster J, Zeiser R, Wäsch R, Engelhardt M. Validated single-tube multiparameter flow cytometry approach for the assessment of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2020; 105:e523. [PMID: 33054097 PMCID: PMC7556664 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.238394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Dold
- Department of Medicine I Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine
- Faculty of Biology
| | - Veronika Riebl
- Department of Medicine I Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Dagmar Wider
- Department of Medicine I Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Milena Pantic
- Department of Medicine I Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Medicine I Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Medicine I Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Kriegsmann K, Hundemer M, Hofmeister-Mielke N, Reichert P, Manta CP, Awwad MH, Sauer S, Bertsch U, Besemer B, Fenk R, Hänel M, Munder M, Weisel KC, Blau IW, Neubauer A, Müller-Tidow C, Raab MS, Goldschmidt H, Huhn S. Comparison of NGS and MFC Methods: Key Metrics in Multiple Myeloma MRD Assessment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082322. [PMID: 32824635 PMCID: PMC7464347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to meet the challenges in data evaluation and comparability between studies in multiple myeloma (MM) minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment, the goal of the current study was to provide a step-by-step evaluation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) data. Bone marrow (BM) sample pairs from 125 MM patients were analyzed by NGS and MFC MM MRD methods. Tumor load (TL) and limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated. The best-fit MRD cut-off was chosen as 1 × 10−5, resulting in an overall 9.6% (n overall = 12 (NGS n = 2, MFC n = 10)) nonassessable cases. The overall concordance rate between NGS and MFC was 68.0% (n = 85); discordant results were found in 22.4% (11.2% (n = 14) of cases in each direction. Overall, 55.1% (n = 60/109) and 49.5% (n = 54/109) of patients with a serological response ≥ very good partial response (VGPR) showed BM MRD negativity by NGS and MFC, respectively. A good correlation in the TL assessed by both techniques was found (correlation coefficient = 0.8, n = 40, p < 0.001). Overall, our study shows good concordance between MM BM MRD status and TL when comparing NGS and MFC at a threshold of 10–5. However, a sufficient number of analyzed events and calculation of MRD key metrics are essential for the comparison of methods and evaluability of data at a specific MRD cut-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (M.H.); Tel.: +49-6221-5637238 (K.K.); +49-6221-5639481 (M.H.)
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (M.H.); Tel.: +49-6221-5637238 (K.K.); +49-6221-5639481 (M.H.)
| | - Nicole Hofmeister-Mielke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Philipp Reichert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Calin-Petru Manta
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Mohamed H.S. Awwad
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Sandra Sauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Uta Bertsch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Besemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Roland Fenk
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Mathias Hänel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Chemnitz, 09113 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Markus Munder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Katja C. Weisel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Igor W. Blau
- Medical Clinic, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Marc S. Raab
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Huhn
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.-M.); (P.R.); (C.-P.M.); (M.H.S.A.); (S.S.); (U.B.); (C.M.-T.); (M.S.R.); (H.G.); (S.H.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Taha RY, Hasan S, Ibrahim F, Chantran Y, Sabah HE, Sivaraman S, Bozom IA, Sabbagh AA, Garderet L, Omri HE. Characterization of circulating myeloma tumor cells by next generation flowcytometry in scleromyxedema patient: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20726. [PMID: 32629647 PMCID: PMC7337479 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scleromyxedema (rare cutaneous mucinosis), is characterized by the formation of lichenoid papules and presence of Serum monoclonal IgG in most cases, or all; after repeated testing. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient is a 51-year-old male presented with thick, disfiguring elephant-like erythematous skin folds over the forehead, papular shiny eruptions over ears and trunk and waxy erythematous papules over arms and hands without dysphagia or respiratory or neurologic symptoms DIAGNOSIS: : Skin biopsy from right arm was consistent with scleromyxedema. Serum cryoglobulin was reported negative. Complete blood count and routine blood biochemistry were normal. Thyroid function tests were normal. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation showed monoclonal band of 14.5 g/L typed as IgG lambda. INTERVENTIONS Our patient was refractory to lenalidomide however improved clinically on immunoglobulins infusions on monthly basis without change in the MGUS level. OUTCOMES NGF analysis revealed approximately 0.25% Lambda monotypic plasma cells in the bone marrow expressing CD38, CD138, and CD27 with aberrant expression of CD56 and were negative for CD45, CD19, CD117, and CD81. We also detected 0.002% circulating plasma cells (PCs) in peripheral blood. CONCLUSION The immunophenotype of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) remain close to the malignant PCs phenotype in the BM. Hence, we report NGF approach as a novel diagnostic tool for highly sensitive MRD detection in plasma cell dyscrasias including scleromyxedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Y. Taha
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Hematology and Medical Oncology Department
| | - Saba Hasan
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Hematology and Medical Oncology Department
| | - Firyal Ibrahim
- Hamad Medical Corporations, department and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hesham El Sabah
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Hematology and Medical Oncology Department
| | - Siveen Sivaraman
- Hamad Medical Corporations, Interim Translational research Institute iTRI, Doha, Qatar
| | - Issam Al Bozom
- Hamad Medical Corporations, department and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Al Sabbagh
- Hamad Medical Corporations, department and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laurent Garderet
- Maladies du sang CHU de l’AP-HP Hôpital St-Antoine 184 rue du fg St-Antoine 75571 Paris, France
| | - Halima El Omri
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Hematology and Medical Oncology Department
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Bayly E, Nguyen V, Binek A, Piggin A, Baldwin K, Westerman D, Came N. Validation of a modified pre-lysis sample preparation technique for flow cytometric minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and B-non Hodgkin lymphoma. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 98:385-398. [PMID: 32530574 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment of hematopoietic neoplasia below 10-4 requires more leukocytes than is usually attainable by post-lysis preparation. However, not all laboratories are resourced for consensus Euroflow pre-lysis methodology. Our study aim was to validate a modified pre-lysis protocol against our standard post-lysis method for MRD detection of multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and B-non Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), to meet demand for deeper MRD assessment by flow cytometry. METHOD Clinical samples for MRD assessment of MM, CLL, and B-NHL (50, 30, and 30 cases, respectively) were prepared in parallel by pre and post-lysis methods for the initial validation. Total leukocytes, MRD, and median fluorescence intensity of antigen expression were compared as measures of sensitivity and antigen stability. Lymphocyte and granulocyte composition were compared, assessing relative sample processing stability. Sensitivity of the pre-lysis assay was monitored post validation for a further 18 months. RESULTS Pre-lysis achieved at least 10-4 sensitivity in 85% MM, 81% CLL, and 90% B-NHL samples versus 24%, 48%, and 26% by post-lysis, respectively, with stable antigen expression and leukocyte composition. Post validation over 18 months with technical expertise improving, pre-lysis permitted 10-5 MRD assessment in 69%, 86%, and 82% of the respective patient groups. CONCLUSION This modified pre-lysis procedure provides a sensitive, robust, time efficient, and relatively cost-effective alternative for MRD testing by MFC at 10-5 , facilitating clinically meaningful deeper response assessment for MM, CLL, and B-NHL. This method adaptation may facilitate more widespread adoption of highly sensitive flow cytometry-based MRD assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bayly
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Haematology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vuong Nguyen
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Binek
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Piggin
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Haematology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie Baldwin
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Westerman
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Haematology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil Came
- Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Orfao A. Issue Highlights - May 2019. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 96:177-180. [PMID: 31091004 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kothari S, Hillengass J, McCarthy PL, Holstein SA. Determination of Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Does It Matter? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 14:39-46. [PMID: 30671912 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-019-0497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The ability to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) in myeloma has improved due to advances in flow cytometry and sequencing methodologies. Here, we evaluate recent clinical trial data and explore the current and future roles of MRD assessment in the context of clinical trial design and clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS A review of recent phase III studies reveals that achievement of MRD negativity is associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and/or overall survival (OS). Treatment arms that are more effective from a PFS or overall response rate perspective are also associated with superior MRD negativity rates. The current standard MRD methodologies are limited by requiring bone marrow samples and refinement of methodologies that can detect disease outside of the bone marrow is needed. Currently, MRD is a prognostic biomarker and further efforts are required to determine whether it can serve as a surrogate endpoint. The use of MRD status to guide treatment decisions is currently not recommended outside the confines of a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalin Kothari
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Philip L McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A Holstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986840 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Roshal M. Measurable disease evaluation in patients with myeloma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2020; 33:101154. [PMID: 32139019 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2020.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years saw significant breakthroughs in treatment of multiple myeloma. Durable remissions are now seen in a significant proportion of patients with the previously uniformly incurable and progressive disease. Yet because of deep suppression of the neoplastic myeloma clones by the newer therapies, older disease monitoring techniques are insufficient to distinguish between the patients at high risk of imminent relapse and those in whom durable remission is expected. This review briefly describes prognostic and therapeutic implications of measurable disease (MRD) evaluation, explains why deep MRD evaluation is needed for patients without morphologic evidence of disease, and reviews the state of the art of evaluation of myeloma MRD by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Roshal
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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