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Bayes J, Schloss J, Sibbritt D. The use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men: current evidence and existing challenges. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:214-218. [PMID: 37519245 PMCID: PMC10751942 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300168x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that diet therapy (nutrients, foods and dietary patterns) could be effective as a potential adjunctive treatment option for major depressive disorder. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed, including the role inflammation, oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and tryptophan/serotonin metabolism. Despite known differences in depression characteristics and treatment responses between males and females, there are limited sex-specific studies examining the role of diet in young men specifically. This is important as young men are often reluctant to seek mental health support, so finding treatment strategies which appeal to this demographic is crucial. This brief report provides an overview of the most recent advances in the use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men, highlighting existing challenges and opportunities for future research. We recommend that clinicians discuss the role of diet with depressed young men, so that diet may be used alongside current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bayes
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW2480, Australia
| | - Janet Schloss
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW2480, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW2007, Australia
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2
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Sadok I, Jędruchniewicz K. Dietary Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites-Source, Fate, and Chromatographic Determinations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16304. [PMID: 38003492 PMCID: PMC10671297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism plays an essential role in human health. In mammals, about 95% of dietary tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway, which is associated with the development of several pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Some of the kynurenine pathway metabolites are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor involved in metabolic functions, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Thus, their origins, fates, and roles are of widespread interest. Except for being produced endogenously, these metabolites can originate from exogenous sources (e.g., food) and undergo absorption in the digestive tract. Recently, a special focus on exogenous sources of tryptophan metabolites was observed. This overview summarizes current knowledge about the occurrence of the kynurenine pathway metabolites (kynurenines) in food and the analytical method utilized for their determination in different food matrices. Special attention was paid to sample preparation and chromatographic analysis, which has proven to be a core technique for the detection and quantification of kynurenines. A discussion of the fate and role of dietary kynurenines has also been addressed. This review will, hopefully, guide further studies on the impact of dietary kynurenines on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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3
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Bruncsics B, Hullam G, Bolgar B, Petschner P, Millinghoffer A, Gecse K, Eszlari N, Gonda X, Jones DJ, Burden ST, Antal P, Deakin B, Bagdy G, Juhasz G. Genetic risk of depression is different in subgroups of dietary ratio of tryptophan to large neutral amino acids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4976. [PMID: 36973313 PMCID: PMC10042855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of intake of serotonin precursor tryptophan has been exploited to rapidly induce and alleviate depression symptoms. While studies show that this latter effect is dependent on genetic vulnerability to depression, the effect of habitual tryptophan intake in the context of predisposing genetic factors has not been explored. Our aim was to investigate the effect of habitual tryptophan intake on mood symptoms and to determine the effect of risk variants on depression in those with high and low tryptophan intake in the whole genome and specifically in serotonin and kynurenine pathways. 63,277 individuals in the UK Biobank with data on depressive symptoms and tryptophan intake were included. We compared two subpopulations defined by their habitual diet of a low versus a high ratio of tryptophan to other large amino acids (TLR). A modest protective effect of high dietary TLR against depression was found. NPBWR1 among serotonin genes and POLI in kynurenine pathway genes were significantly associated with depression in the low but not in the high TLR group. Pathway-level analyses identified significant associations for both serotonin and kynurenine pathways only in the low TLR group. In addition, significant association was found in the low TLR group between depressive symptoms and biological process related to adult neurogenesis. Our findings demonstrate a markedly distinct genetic risk profile for depression in groups with low and high dietary TLR, with association with serotonin and kynurenine pathway variants only in case of habitual food intake leading to low TLR. Our results confirm the relevance of the serotonin hypothesis in understanding the neurobiological background of depression and highlight the importance of understanding its differential role in the context of environmental variables such as complexity of diet in influencing mental health, pointing towards emerging possibilities of personalised prevention and intervention in mood disorders in those who are genetically vulnerable.
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Grants
- BME NC TKP2020, BME IE-BIO TKP2020, Artificial Intelligence National Laboratory Programme NRDI Fund based on the charter of bolster issued by the NRDI Office under the auspices of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology
- TKP2021-EGA-02 National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund of Hungary
- OTKA 139330 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary
- ÚNKP-21-5-BME-362 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
- ÚNKP-21-4-II-BME-143 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
- ÚNKP-22-3-II-SE-27 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
- ÚNKP-22-4-II-SE-1 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
- ERAPERMED2019-108 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary , under the frame of ERA PerMed (2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005)
- ERAPERMED2019-108 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary , under the frame of ERA PerMed (2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005)
- ERAPERMED2019-108 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary , under the frame of ERA PerMed (2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005)
- ERAPERMED2019-108 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary , under the frame of ERA PerMed (2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005)
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- NAP2022-I-4/2022 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- P20809 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research in Japan, standard program)
- TKP2021-EGA-25 Thematic Excellence Programme, Ministry of Innovation and Technology in Hungary, from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Bruncsics
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Hullam
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Bolgar
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andras Millinghoffer
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Gecse
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Debra J Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sorrel T Burden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Antal
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Arakawa M. Tryptophan intake is related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4215-4222. [PMID: 35895138 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tryptophan is an essential amino acid wholly derived from diet. While the majority of tryptophan is degraded through the kynurenine pathway into neuroactive metabolites like quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid, a small proportion of ingested tryptophan is metabolized into the neurotransmitter serotonin. The current cross-sectional study in Japan examined the association between tryptophan intake and depressive symptoms during pregnancy. METHODS Study subjects were 1744 pregnant women. Dietary intake during the preceding month was assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were defined as a score ≥ 16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Adjustment was made for age, gestation, region of residence, number of children, family structure, history of depression, family history of depression, smoking, secondhand smoke exposure at home and at work, employment, household income, education, body mass index, and intake of saturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid, calcium, vitamin D, and isoflavones. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy was 19.2%. After adjustment for confounding factors, higher tryptophan intake was independently inversely associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy: the adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) for depressive symptoms during pregnancy in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of tryptophan intake were 1 (reference), 0.99 (0.76-1.28), 0.94 (0.71-1.25), and 0.64 (0.44-0.93), respectively (p for trend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Higher estimated tryptophan intake was cross-sectionally independently associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
- Research Promotion Unit, Translation Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
- Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Research Promotion Unit, Translation Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okubo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Wellness Research Fields, Faculty of Global and Regional Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- The Department of Cross Cultural Studies, Osaka University of Tourism, Nago, Okinawa, Japan
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Solís-Ortiz S, Arriaga-Avila V, Trejo-Bahena A, Guevara-Guzmán R. Deficiency in the Essential Amino Acids l-Isoleucine, l-Leucine and l-Histidine and Clinical Measures as Predictors of Moderate Depression in Elderly Women: A Discriminant Analysis Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113875. [PMID: 34836128 PMCID: PMC8623361 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in depression are common in some elderly women. Elderly women often show moderate depressive symptoms, while others display minimal depressive symptoms. These discrepancies have produced contradictory and inconclusive outcomes, which have not been explained entirely by deficits in neurotransmitter precursors. Deficiency in some amino acids have been implicated in major depression, but its role in non-clinical elderly women is not well known. An analysis of essential amino acids, depression and the use of discriminant analysis can help to clarify the variation in depressive symptoms exhibited by some elderly women. The aim was to investigate the relationship of essential amino acids with affective, cognitive and comorbidity measures in elderly women without major depression nor severe mood disorders or psychosis, specifically thirty-six with moderate depressive symptoms and seventy-one with minimal depressive symptoms. The plasma concentrations of nineteen amino acids, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores, global cognitive scores and comorbidities were submitted to stepwise discriminant analysis to identify predictor variables. Seven predictors arose as important for belong to the group based on amino acid concentrations, with the moderate depressive symptoms group characterized by higher BDI, GDS and cognitive scores; fewer comorbidities; and lower levels of l-histidine, l-isoleucine and l-leucine. These findings suggest that elderly women classified as having moderate depressive symptoms displayed a deficiency in essential amino acids involved in metabolism, protein synthesis, inflammation and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Solís-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato 37320, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +52-477-7145859
| | - Virginia Arriaga-Avila
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.A.-A.); (R.G.-G.)
| | - Aurora Trejo-Bahena
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato 37320, Mexico;
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.A.-A.); (R.G.-G.)
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Islam MR, Ali S, Karmoker JR, Kadir MF, Ahmed MU, Nahar Z, Islam SMA, Islam MS, Hasnat A, Islam MS. Evaluation of serum amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:333. [PMID: 32580709 PMCID: PMC7315550 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alterations of biological markers are thought to be effective tools to understand the pathophysiology and management of major depressive disorder (MDD). A lot of researches has implied many markers for depression, but any of them fully discovered the association between the markers and depression. The present study investigated the serum levels of amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in major depression, and also explained their association with depression. METHODS This study examined 247 MDD patients and 248 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) was used to all the participants to measure the severity of depression. Quantification of serum amino acids, vitamin A and E were carried out using the HPLC system whereas vitamin C levels were measured by UV-spectrophotometer. All the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software (version 23.0). The independent sample t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Fisher's exact test were applied to detect the group differences where a Bonferroni correction applied to the p value. RESULTS It was observed that serum levels of four amino acids (methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) along with three non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, E, and C) were significantly dropped in MDD patients compared to HCs (Cohen's d (d): - 0.45, - 0.50, - 0.68, - 0.21, - 0.27, - 0.65, and - 0.24, respectively). Furthermore, Ham-D scores of cases were negatively correlated with serum levels of methionine (r = - 0.155, p = 0.015) and tyrosine (r = - 0.172, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that lowered serum methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and non-enzymatic antioxidants are associated with depression. The reduction of these parameters in MDD patients may be the consequence, and not the cause, of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Islam
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh ,grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Samia Ali
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - James Regun Karmoker
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Fahim Kadir
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Maizbha Uddin Ahmed
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Sardar Mohammad Ashraful Islam
- grid.443051.70000 0004 0496 8043Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- grid.449503.f0000 0004 1798 7083Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur Noakhali, 3814 Bangladesh
| | - Abul Hasnat
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
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Archangelidi O, Mentzakis E. Body-weight and psychological well-being in the UK general population. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 40:245-252. [PMID: 28505347 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the consequences of body weight for physical health are well explored, the evidence for psychological well-being is less straightforward. An instrumental variable approach is used to address the endogenous relationship between body weight and well-being in the UK general population. Methods Data from the Health Survey for England (2003, 2004 and 2006) are used to fit linear and ordered probit instrument variable models for a sample of 13 862 individuals, with frequent white meat consumption instrumenting for body-weight. Non-linearities in the relationship, robustness to weak instruments and relaxation of strict exogeneity assumption are further examined. Results Accounting for endogeneity and conditional on health a protective effect on well-being is observed. A unit increase in body mass index (BMI) improves General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) by 0.17 (95% CI: 0.02-0.31) points and reduces the probability of reporting very low GHQ by 2.5% (95% CI: 0.01-0.05). Empirical testing showed that the instrument performs well, with increased meat consumption adding 0.58 points (95% CI: 0.42-0.74) to ones' BMI. Conclusions We present support for the jolly-fat hypothesis, however, caution is recommended in drawing inferences. Further research needs to resolve the mixed findings in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Archangelidi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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8
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Shafiei F, Keshteli AH, Pouraram H, Afshar H, Salari-Moghaddam A, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. Egg consumption and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1923-1932. [PMID: 29948220 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE No previous study has examined the associations between egg consumption and prevalence of psychological disorders. The present study was conducted to determine the association between egg consumption and depression in a large sample of Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3172 adults in Isfahan, Iran. Egg consumption was assessed by using a validated, self-administered, dish-based, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The Iranian validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to screen for anxiety and depression. The Iranian validated version of General Health Questionnaire with 12 items was used to assess psychological distress. Depression, anxiety and psychological distress were defined according to standard criteria. RESULTS The mean age of the study participants was 36.5 ± 7.9 years. Depression, anxiety and psychological distress were prevalent among 28.4, 13.6 and 23% of the study subjects, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, no significant association was observed between egg intake and depression (OR for comparing extreme quartiles: 1.08; 95% CIs 0.80-1.45) and anxiety (OR 0.79; 95% CIs 0.54-1.16), as well as psychological distress (OR 1.03; 95% CIs 0.76-1.41) in the whole population. In men, significant positive associations were observed between egg intake and depression before controlling for BMI (OR 1.68; 95% CIs 1.01-2.80); however, the associations became non-significant after taking BMI into account (OR 1.62; 95% CIs 0.96-2.72). CONCLUSIONS We found no significant association between egg intake and psychological disorders. Further studies, in particular of prospective design, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Shafiei
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Pouraram
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Asma Salari-Moghaddam
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Suga H, Asakura K, Kobayashi S, Nojima M, Sasaki S. Association between habitual tryptophan intake and depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged women. J Affect Disord 2018; 231:44-50. [PMID: 29438897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, is assumed to affect serotonin availability and depression onset. Nevertheless, a definitive relationship between dietary tryptophan intake and depressive symptoms has not been established. We examined the association between tryptophan intake and depressive symptoms screened in a group of 4272 first-year female dietetic students and 3651 their mothers. METHODS Dietary tryptophan intake during the preceding month was assessed with a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) using two cutoff scores: CES-D score ≥ 16 and CES-D score ≥ 19 (the optimal cutoff score for Japanese people). The multivariate adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for depressive symptoms were calculated using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥ 16) was 50.0% for young women and 26.5% for middle-aged women. The adjusted PR (95% CI) for depressive symptoms in the highest versus lowest quintile of tryptophan intake was 0.84 (0.75, 0.93) in young women (P for trend < 0.0001) and 0.83 (0.64, 1.01) in middle-aged women (P for trend < 0.0001). These associations were stable even when depressive symptoms were defined as a CES-D score ≥ 19. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study showed that a higher tryptophan intake was independently associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in young Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Suga
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Kobayashi
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Division of Advanced Medicine Promotion, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Gulsun M, Oznur T, Aydemir E, Ozcelik F, Erdem M, Zincir S, Akgul O, Kurt Y. Possible relationship between amino acids, aggression and psychopathy. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2016; 20:91-100. [PMID: 26982638 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2016.1144771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aggressive behaviour is associated with reduced serotonin metabolism in the brain, but there is not enough knowledge on potential changes of the serotonin precursor levels among violent offenders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships among the tendency of psychopathy, anger and the basic amino acids. METHODS Fifty-two young adult male patients with antisocial personality disorder (APD) and 30 healthy men included the study. Serum amino acid levels were measured by HPLC method. Aggression questionnaire and Hare Psychopathology Scale were used for all participants. RESULTS Blood levels of phosphoserine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, aminoadipic acid and 1-methylhistidine in group of patients with APD were significantly higher than the control group. Blood levels of TRP, asparagine, citrulline, cystine, isoleucine, tyrosine, histidine, hydroxylysine, lysine, ethanolamine and arginine in the group of patients were found lower than the control group. A significant positive correlation between anger scores and histidine, methionine and GABA was found. GABA and methionine showed a significant correlation with the indirect aggression score. CONCLUSION Our study showed a relationship between serum amino acid levels and the scores of aggression and psychopathy. We think that this is a productive research area for understanding the relationship among biochemical factors, aggression and psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Gulsun
- a Department of Psychiatry , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Taner Oznur
- a Department of Psychiatry , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emre Aydemir
- a Department of Psychiatry , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozcelik
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry , Erzincan Military Hospital , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Murat Erdem
- a Department of Psychiatry , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serkan Zincir
- c Department of Psychiatry , Golcuk Military Hospital , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Ozgur Akgul
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kurt
- a Department of Psychiatry , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , Turkey
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Lindseth G, Helland B, Caspers J. The effects of dietary tryptophan on affective disorders. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2015; 29:102-7. [PMID: 25858202 PMCID: PMC4393508 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Using a randomized crossover study design, 25 healthy young adults were examined for differences in anxiety, depression, and mood after consuming a high tryptophan and a low tryptophan diet for 4days each. There was a 2week washout between the diets. A within-subjects analysis of the participants' mood indicated significantly (p<.01) more positive affect scores after consuming a high tryptophan diet as compared to a low tryptophan diet. Negative affect differences between the diets were not statistically significant (p>.05). Also, consuming more dietary tryptophan resulted in (p<.05) less depressive symptoms and decreased anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie Caspers
- Northland Community and Technical College, Bemidji, MN.
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12
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Sanhueza C, Ryan L, Foxcroft DR. Diet and the risk of unipolar depression in adults: systematic review of cohort studies. J Hum Nutr Diet 2012; 26:56-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2012.01283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Sanhueza
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford; UK
| | - L. Ryan
- Functional Food Centre; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford; UK
| | - D. R. Foxcroft
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford; UK
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Ravindran AV, Lam RW, Filteau MJ, Lespérance F, Kennedy SH, Parikh SV, Patten SB. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. V. Complementary and alternative medicine treatments. J Affect Disord 2009; 117 Suppl 1:S54-64. [PMID: 19666194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2001, the Canadian Psychiatric Association and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) partnered to produce evidence-based clinical guidelines for the treatment of depressive disorders. A revision of these guidelines was undertaken by CANMAT in 2008-2009 to reflect advances in the field. There is widespread interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS The CANMAT guidelines are based on a question-answer format to enhance accessibility to clinicians. An evidence-based format was used with updated systematic reviews of the literature and recommendations were graded according to Level of Evidence using pre-defined criteria. Lines of Treatment were identified based on criteria that included evidence and expert clinical support. This section on "Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments" is one of 5 guideline articles. RESULTS There is Level 1 evidence to support light therapy in seasonal MDD and St. John's wort in mild to moderate MDD. There is also some evidence for the use of exercise, yoga and sleep deprivation, as well as for omega-3 fatty acids and SAM-e . Support for other natural health products and therapies is still limited. LIMITATIONS The evidence base remains limited and studies often have methodological problems, including small samples, variability in dose, short duration of treatment, unknown quality of the agent and limited long-term data. Safety data are also sparse with little information about drug interactions. CONCLUSIONS Some CAM treatments have evidence of benefit in MDD. However, problems with standardization and safety concerns may limit their applicability in clinical practice.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nutritional issues have received little attention in geriatric psychiatry research. This review focuses on literature published in 2003 and 2004 on nutritional factors in mental illness in the elderly and proposes directions for future research. RECENT FINDINGS There has been more research on the role of micronutrients in psychiatric disorders of older adults but studies examining nutritional state in this population are lacking. The former research suggests associations between low folic acid/vitamin B12 status and depression in older adults whereas evidence for other micronutrients is still tentative. In the latter work, there is only one study that examines malnutrition in psychogeriatric patients despite the availability of well-validated screening tools for assessing nutritional state in the elderly and the known impact of undernutrition in ageing and the development of frailty. The role of obesity in ageing is also relevant especially as more people with schizophrenia live longer, although the current evidence in the non-mentally ill elderly suggests that being overweight may have protective effects in the elderly. SUMMARY Malnutrition is likely to have considerable impact on the mental and physical state of the elderly.
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Hakkarainen R, Partonen T, Haukka J, Virtamo J, Albanes D, Lönnqvist J. Food and nutrient intake in relation to mental wellbeing. Nutr J 2004; 3:14. [PMID: 15363099 PMCID: PMC519023 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-3-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We studied food consumption and nutrient intake in subjects with depressed mood, anxiety and insomnia as indices of compromised mental wellbeing. Methods The study population consisted of 29,133 male smokers aged 50 to 69 years who entered the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study in 1985–1988. This was a placebo-controlled trial to test whether supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene prevents lung cancer. At baseline 27,111 men completed a diet history questionnaire from which food and alcohol consumption and nutrient intake were calculated. The questionnaire on background and medical history included three symptoms on mental wellbeing, anxiety, depression and insomnia experienced in the past four months. Results Energy intake was higher in men who reported anxiety or depressed mood, and those reporting any such symptoms consumed more alcohol. Subjects reporting anxiety or depressed mood had higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids. Conclusions Our findings conflict with the previous reports of beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Hakkarainen
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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