1
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Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Steinmeyer BC, Rich MW. Outcomes of a tailored self-care intervention for patients with heart failure and major depression: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 147:104585. [PMID: 37611354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a recognized barrier to heart failure self-care, but there has been little research on interventions to improve heart failure self-care in depressed patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate the outcomes of an individually tailored self-care intervention for patients with heart failure and major depression, and to determine whether the adequacy of self-care at baseline, the severity of depression or anxiety, or other factors affect the outcomes of this intervention. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from a pre-registered randomized controlled trial (NCT02997865). METHODS Outpatients with heart failure and comorbid major depression (n = 139) were randomly assigned to cognitive behavior therapy or usual care for depression. In addition, an experienced cardiac nurse provided the tailored self-care intervention to all patients in both arms of the trial starting eight weeks after randomization. Weekly self-care intervention sessions were held between Weeks 8 and 16; the frequency was tapered to biweekly or monthly between Weeks 17 and 32. The Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (v6.2) was used to assess self-care outcomes, with scores ≥70 on each of its three scales (Maintenance, Management, and Confidence) being consistent with adequate self-care. The Week 16 Maintenance scale score was the primary outcome for this analysis. RESULTS At baseline, 107 (77%) of the patients scored in the inadequate self-care range on the Maintenance scale. Between Weeks 8 and 16, Maintenance scores improved more in patients with initially inadequate than initially adequate self-care (11.9 vs. 3.2 points, p = .003). Sixty-six (48%) of the patients with initially inadequate Maintenance scores achieved scores in the adequate range by Week 32 (p < .0001). Covariate-adjusted predictors of better Maintenance outcomes included adequate Maintenance at baseline (p < .0001), higher anxiety at baseline (p < .05), and higher dosages of the self-care intervention (p < .0001). Neither treatment with cognitive behavior therapy nor less severe major depression predicted better self-care outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Depressed patients with inadequate heart failure self-care are able to achieve clinically significant improvements in self-care with the help of an individually tailored self-care intervention. Further refinement and testing are needed to increase the intervention's potential for clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Freedland
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Judith A Skala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert M Carney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian C Steinmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael W Rich
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Han S, Li XX, Wei S, Zhao D, Ding J, Xu Y, Yu C, Chen Z, Zhou DS, Yuan TF. Orbitofrontal cortex-hippocampus potentiation mediates relief for depression: A randomized double-blind trial and TMS-EEG study. Cell Rep Med 2023:101060. [PMID: 37263267 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been 15 years since repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was approved by the FDA for clinical depression treatment. Yet, the underlying mechanisms for rTMS-induced depression relief are not fully elucidated. This study analyzes TMS-electroencephalogram (EEG) data from 64 healthy control (HC) subjects and 53 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after rTMS treatment. Prior to treatment, patients with MDD have lower activity in the DLPFC, the hippocampus (HPC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and DLPFC-OFC connectivity compared with HCs. Following active rTMS treatment, patients with MDD show a significant increase in the DLPFC, HPC, and OFC. Notably, the increase in HPC activity is specifically associated with amelioration of depressive symptoms but not anxiety or sleep quality. The orbitofrontal-hippocampal pathway plays a crucial role in mediating depression relief following rTMS treatment. These findings suggest potential alternative targets for brain stimulation therapy against depression (chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR2100052007).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315201, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xing-Xing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shuochi Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jinjun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yongming Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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3
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Browning MHEM, Shin S, Drong G, McAnirlin O, Gagnon RJ, Ranganathan S, Sindelar K, Hoptman D, Bratman GN, Yuan S, Prabhu VG, Heller W. Daily exposure to virtual nature reduces symptoms of anxiety in college students. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1239. [PMID: 36690698 PMCID: PMC9868517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to natural environments offers an array of mental health benefits. Virtual reality provides simulated experiences of being in nature when outdoor access is limited. Previous studies on virtual nature have focused mainly on single "doses" of virtual nature. The effects of repeated exposure remain poorly understood. Motivated by this gap, we studied the influence of a daily virtual nature intervention on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and an underlying cause of poor mental health: rumination. Forty college students (58% non-Hispanic White, median age = 19) were recruited from two U.S. universities and randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Over several weeks, anxious arousal (panic) and anxious apprehension (worry) decreased with virtual nature exposure. Participants identifying as women, past VR users, experienced with the outdoors, and engaged with the beauty in nature benefited particularly strongly from virtual nature. Virtual nature did not help symptoms of anhedonic depression or rumination. Further research is necessary to distinguish when and for whom virtual nature interventions impact mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H E M Browning
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Seunguk Shin
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gabrielle Drong
- College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Olivia McAnirlin
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ryan J Gagnon
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Shyam Ranganathan
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory N Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vishnunarayan Girishan Prabhu
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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4
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Sanborn V, Lace J, Gunstad J, Galioto R. Considerations regarding noncredible performance in the neuropsychological assessment of patients with multiple sclerosis: A case series. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021; 30:458-467. [PMID: 34514920 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1971229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Determining the validity of data during clinical neuropsychological assessment is crucial for proper interpretation, and extensive literature has emphasized myriad methods of doing so in diverse samples. However, little research has considered noncredible presentation in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). PwMS often experience one or more factors known to impact validity of data, including major neurocognitive impairment, psychological distress/psychogenic interference, and secondary gain. This case series aimed to illustrate the potential relationships between these factors and performance validity testing in pwMS. Six cases from an IRB-approved database containing pwMS referred for neuropsychological assessment at a large, academic medical center involving at least one of the above-stated factors were identified. Backgrounds, neuropsychological test data, and clinical considerations for each were reviewed. Interestingly, no pwMS diagnosed with major neurocognitive impairment was found to have noncredible performance, nor was any patient with noncredible performance in the absence of notable psychological distress. Given the variability of noncredible performance and multiplicity of factors affecting performance validity in pwMS, clinicians are strongly encouraged to consider psychometrically appropriate methods for evaluating validity of cognitive data in pwMS. Additional research aiming to elucidate base rates of, mechanisms begetting, and methods for assessing noncredible performance in pwMS is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Lace
- Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Section of Neuropsychology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John Gunstad
- Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Rachel Galioto
- Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Section of Neuropsychology, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland, OH, USA
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5
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Molina-Gallego B, Gómez-Cantarino S, Ugarte-Gurrutxaga MI, Molina-Gallego L, Mordillo-Mateos L. Neuropsychological Study in Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9030241. [PMID: 33668343 PMCID: PMC7996187 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was designed to determinate the nature, pattern, and extent of cognitive deficits in a group of participants with subacute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in both patients with subacute and chronic SCI. Different cognitive functions were evaluated through a neuropsychological protocol designed for this purpose, taking into account the patient’s emotional state. Results: A total of 100 patients suffering a spinal cord injury were evaluated. There were no differences between the two groups when age, sex, level of education, and region of origin were studied. The chronic injured patients obtained lower scores in the neuropsychological evaluation protocol respective to the subacute injured patients. Conclusions: Subjects with chronic spinal cord injury presented a cognitive profile that differed greatly in the number of altered cognitive functions as well as in their magnitude from the subacute spinal cord injured patient profile. Moreover, cognitive dysfunction may be important beyond the end of the first stage of rehabilitation as it can affect an individual’s quality of life and possible integration in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brígida Molina-Gallego
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- Nursing Department, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Toledo, Spain; (S.G.-C.); (M.I.U.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-925-247700 (ext. 47224) or +34-619-085120; Fax: +34-925-247745
| | - Sagrario Gómez-Cantarino
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Toledo, Spain; (S.G.-C.); (M.I.U.-G.)
| | - María Idoia Ugarte-Gurrutxaga
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Toledo, Spain; (S.G.-C.); (M.I.U.-G.)
| | - Laura Molina-Gallego
- Nursing Department, Hospital Mancha-Centro, SESCAM, Alcázar de San Juan, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Laura Mordillo-Mateos
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Talavera, Spain
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6
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Liu K, Nijmeh JS, Warren SL. Factor Structure, Measurement Invariance, and Concurrent Validity of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire Across Development, Psychopathology, and Culture. Assessment 2021; 29:909-924. [PMID: 33583190 DOI: 10.1177/1073191121993223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) is a widely used assessment of excessive worry. American undergraduate samples have predominately been used to evaluate its factor structure, which may not generalize to other developmental, cultural, and psychopathology populations. The present study tested the PSWQ's factor structure across three diverse samples: American undergraduate students (n = 3,243), Dutch high school students (n = 3,906), and American adults with psychopathology (n = 384). Exploratory, confirmatory, and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Measurement invariance and concurrent validity were also tested. Method-factor and two-factor models were largely equivalent and superior to a one-factor model. Invariance tests supported configural and metric invariance but only partial scalar invariance. Positively worded items but not negatively worded items demonstrated concurrent validity with anxiety and depression symptom measures and diagnoses. Overall, the PSWQ appears to measure a unitary construct. Present results warrant further testing of the PSWQ across diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Liu
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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7
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Chen Y, Xu H, Liu C, Zhang J, Guo C. Association Between Future Orientation and Anxiety in University Students During COVID-19 Outbreak: The Chain Mediating Role of Optimization in Primary-Secondary Control and Resilience. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:699388. [PMID: 34421680 PMCID: PMC8373437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfamiliar and menacing epidemic has undoubtedly increased the anxiety of students. Therefore, the strategies to reduce anxiety are urgently required. The present study principally investigated a protective mechanism of future orientation in anxiety during the low-risk period of COVID-19 outbreak. The study was conducted in 528 non-infected students (range = 16-24 years) recruited from five universities in China. The participants completed questionnaires between January 22, 2021, and January 24, 2021. Chain intermediary analyses were performed after controlling for gender and age. Results indicated that future orientation lowers anxiety through (a) optimization in primary and secondary control, (b) resilience, and (c) chain mediating path of optimization in primary and secondary control coupled with resilience. We investigated how individuals deal with risk factors after encountering adversity and how their psychological flexibility stimulates and promotes them to achieve a well-adapted developmental state. This study provided reference suggestions on reducing anxiety levels during an emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuanshi Liu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Oriental Academy for Analytical psychology, City University of Macau, Macao, SAR China
| | - Chenguang Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Lai CH. Task MRI-Based Functional Brain Network of Major Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:19-33. [PMID: 33834392 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter will focus on task magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to understand the biological mechanisms and pathophysiology of brain in major depressive disorder (MDD), which would have minor alterations in the brain function. Therefore, the functional study, such as task MRI functional connectivity, would play a crucial role to explore the brain function in MDD. Different kinds of tasks would determine the alterations in functional connectivity in task MRI studies of MDD. The emotion-related tasks are linked with alterations in anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and default mode network. The emotional memory task is linked with amygdala-hippocampus alterations. The reward-related task would be related to the reward circuit alterations, such as fronto-straital. The cognitive-related tasks would be associated with frontal-related functional connectivity alterations, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and other frontal regions. The visuo-sensory characteristics of tasks might be associated with the parieto-occipital alterations. The frontolimbic regions might be major components of task MRI-based functional connectivity in MDD. However, different scenarios and tasks would influence the representations of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Lai
- Psychiatry & Neuroscience Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Li T, Wang L, Camilleri JA, Chen X, Li S, Stewart JL, Jiang Y, Eickhoff SB, Feng C. Mapping common grey matter volume deviation across child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:273-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Association between olfactory function and inhibition of emotional competing distractors in major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6322. [PMID: 32286450 PMCID: PMC7156747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the changes of olfaction of major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after medical treatment, and to preliminarily scrutinize the association between the olfactory function and the severity of depressive symptoms, response inhibition, and emotional responding. Forty-eight medicine-naïve MDD patients plus 33 healthy controls (HC) matched on gender, ages, and level of education, were recruited in the test group. The Chinese Smell Identification Test (CSIT), Self-reported Olfactory Scale (SROS), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and mean reaction time/accuracy rate (ΔMRT) of emotional Stroop test were measured. The patients were assessed before the treatment (baseline) and 3 months after the treatment (follow-up). The data at the baseline level were measured then associated using multiple linear regression stepwise analysis. The MDD patients had lower scores of the CSIT and SROS and longer ΔMRT at baseline level compared to HC while the ΔMRT of MDD patients remained longer after 3-month treatment (p’s < 0.05). At the baseline level, the regression equation including age and ΔMRT of negative word-color congruent (NEG-C), was finally observed as follows: y(CSIT) = 10.676–0.063 × 1–0.002 × 2, [x1 = the age(y), x2 = the NEG-C (ms)]. The olfactory function of MDD appears to be correlated negatively with the age and the ΔMRT of negative stimuli before treatment. After the remission of MDD, the olfactory dysfunction was improved, which might be regarded as a responding phenotype of brain function of MDD rather than the emotional responding.
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11
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Guha A, Spielberg J, Lake J, Popov T, Heller W, Yee CM, Miller GA. Effective connectivity between Broca's area and amygdala as a mechanism of top-down control in worry. Clin Psychol Sci 2020; 8:84-98. [PMID: 32983628 PMCID: PMC7517719 DOI: 10.1177/2167702619867098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals higher in trait worry exhibit increased activation in Broca's area during inhibitory processing tasks. To identify whether such activity represents an adaptive mechanism supporting top-down control, functional and effective connectivity of Broca's area were investigated during a task of inhibitory control. fMRI data obtained from 106 participants performing an emotion-word Stroop task were examined using psychophysiological interaction and Granger Causality (GC) analyses. Findings revealed greater directed connectivity from Broca's to amygdala in the presence of emotional distraction. Furthermore, a predictive relationship was observed between worry and the asymmetry in effective connectivity, with worriers exhibiting greater directed connectivity from Broca's to amygdala. When performing the task, worriers with greater GC directional asymmetry were more accurate than worriers with less asymmetry. Present findings indicate that individuals with elevated trait worry employ a mechanism of top-down control in which communication from Broca's to amygdala fosters successful compensation for interference effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Guha
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Jeffrey Spielberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Jessica Lake
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Tzvetan Popov
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Cindy M Yee
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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12
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Banich MT. The Stroop Effect Occurs at Multiple Points Along a Cascade of Control: Evidence From Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2164. [PMID: 31681058 PMCID: PMC6797819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This article argues that the Stroop effect can be generated at a variety of stages from stimulus input to response selection. As such, there are multiple loci at which the Stroop effect occurs. Evidence for this viewpoint is provided by a review of neuroimaging studies that were specifically designed to isolate levels of interference in the Stroop task and the underlying neural systems that work to control the effects of interference at those levels. In particular, the evidence suggests that lateral prefrontal regions work to bias processing toward the task-relevant dimension of a Stroop stimulus (e.g., its color) and away from the task-irrelevant dimension (e.g., the meaning of the word). Medial prefrontal regions, in contrast, tend to be more involved in response-related and late-stage aspects of control. Importantly, it is argued that this control occurs in a cascade-like manner, such that the degree of control that is exerted at earlier stages influences the degree of control that needs to be exerted at later stages. As such, the degree of behavioral interference that is observed is the culmination of processing in specific brain regions as well as their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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13
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Fusar‐Poli P, Solmi M, Brondino N, Davies C, Chae C, Politi P, Borgwardt S, Lawrie SM, Parnas J, McGuire P. Transdiagnostic psychiatry: a systematic review. World Psychiatry 2019; 18:192-207. [PMID: 31059629 PMCID: PMC6502428 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of current psychiatric classification, which is based on ICD/DSM categorical diagnoses, remains questionable. A promising alternative has been put forward as the "transdiagnostic" approach. This is expected to cut across existing categorical diagnoses and go beyond them, to improve the way we classify and treat mental disorders. This systematic review explores whether self-defining transdiagnostic research meets such high expectations. A multi-step Web of Science literature search was performed according to an a priori protocol, to identify all studies that used the word "transdiagnostic" in their title, up to May 5, 2018. Empirical variables which indexed core characteristics were extracted, complemented by a bibliometric and conceptual analysis. A total of 111 studies were included. Most studies were investigating interventions, followed by cognition and psychological processes, and neuroscientific topics. Their samples ranged from 15 to 91,199 (median 148) participants, with a mean age from 10 to more than 60 (median 33) years. There were several methodological inconsistencies relating to the definition of the gold standard (DSM/ICD diagnoses), of the outcome measures and of the transdiagnostic approach. The quality of the studies was generally low and only a few findings were externally replicated. The majority of studies tested transdiagnostic features cutting across different diagnoses, and only a few tested new classification systems beyond the existing diagnoses. About one fifth of the studies were not transdiagnostic at all, because they investigated symptoms and not disorders, a single disorder, or because there was no diagnostic information. The bibliometric analysis revealed that transdiagnostic research largely restricted its focus to anxiety and depressive disorders. The conceptual analysis showed that transdiagnostic research is grounded more on rediscoveries than on true innovations, and that it is affected by some conceptual biases. To date, transdiagnostic approaches have not delivered a credible paradigm shift that can impact classification and clinical care. Practical "TRANSD"iagnostic recommendations are proposed here to guide future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusar‐Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK,OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK,Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Marco Solmi
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK,Neuroscience Department, Psychiatry UnitUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Natascia Brondino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Cathy Davies
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Chungil Chae
- Applied Cognitive Science Lab, Department of Information Science and TechnologyPennsylvania State University, University ParkPAUSA
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | | | - Josef Parnas
- Center for Subjectivity ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Philip McGuire
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK,National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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14
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Dennis-Tiwary TA, Roy AK, Denefrio S, Myruski S. Heterogeneity of the Anxiety-Related Attention Bias: A Review and Working Model for Future Research. Clin Psychol Sci 2019; 7:879-899. [PMID: 33758680 DOI: 10.1177/2167702619838474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The anxiety-related attention bias (AB) has been studied for several decades as a clinically-relevant output of the dynamic and complex threat detection-response system. Despite research enthusiasm for the construct of AB, current theories and measurement approaches cannot adequately account for the growing body of mixed, contradictory, and null findings. Drawing on clinical, neuroscience, and animal models, we argue that the apparent complexity and contradictions in the empirical literature can be attributed to the field's failure to clearly conceptualize AB heterogeneity and the dearth of studies in AB that consider additional cognitive mechanisms in anxiety, particularly disruptions in threat-safety discrimination and cognitive control. We review existing research and propose a working model of AB heterogeneity positing that AB may be best conceptualized as multiple subtypes of dysregulated processing of and attention to threat anchored in individual differences in threat-safety discrimination and cognitive control. We review evidence for this working model and discuss how it can be used to advance knowledge of AB mechanisms and inform personalized prevention and intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Dennis-Tiwary
- Hunter College, The City University of New York, Department of Psychology, New York, NY.,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Department of Psychology, New York, NY
| | - Amy Krain Roy
- Fordham University, Department of Psychology, Bronx, NY.,New York University Langone School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY
| | - Samantha Denefrio
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Department of Psychology, New York, NY.,Hunter College, The City University of New York, Department of Psychology, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Myruski
- Hunter College, The City University of New York, Department of Psychology, New York, NY
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15
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Garcia DDS, Polydoro MS, Alvim MKM, Ishikawa A, Moreira JCV, Nogueira MH, Zanão TA, de Campos BM, Betting LEGG, Cendes F, Yasuda CL. Anxiety and depression symptoms disrupt resting state connectivity in patients with genetic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia 2019; 60:679-688. [PMID: 30854641 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the lifetime trajectories in genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) and investigate the impact of symptoms of anxiety and depression on resting state functional connectivity (FC). METHODS Seventy-four GGE patients were classified according to the pharmacological response as seizure-free (12 patients), pharmacoresistant (PhR; 14 patients), and fluctuating (FL; 48 patients). Fifty-four subjects completed both the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and 38 also underwent 3-T resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. These 38 patients were subdivided into a positive group (13 patients with concurrent symptoms of depression and anxiety) and a negative group (21 asymptomatic patients and four with mild anxiety or depression symptoms). For FC analysis of resting state networks, we matched 38 healthy asymptomatic volunteers and used the UF2C toolbox running on MATLAB2017/SPM12. RESULTS The PhR group presented shorter duration of epilepsy (P = 0.016) and follow-up (P < 0.001) compared to the FL group. The PhR group showed higher levels (median = 20) on the BAI and BDI. Myoclonic seizures were the most difficult to control, as 50% of subjects persisted with them at last appointment, compared to generalized tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures (<40%). Patients with concurrent anxiety and depression symptoms were 7.7 times more likely to exhibit pharmacoresistant seizures, although an increase of 1 year of epilepsy duration was associated with a decrease in the odds of presenting pharmacoresistance by a factor of 0.9. Overall, FC was altered between default mode network (DMN) and visuospatial/dorsal attention. However, only the positive group displayed abnormal FC between DMN and left executive control network, and between salience and visuospatial/dorsal attention. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings may help clinicians to have a better understanding of GGE clinical course and increase attention to the potential relationship of psychopathologies and brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Kutsodontis Machado Alvim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Akari Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Cendes
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L Yasuda
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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16
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Booth RW. Reduced Stroop interference under stress: Decreased cue utilisation, not increased executive control. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2018; 72:1522-1529. [PMID: 30304992 DOI: 10.1177/1747021818809368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, researchers have been reporting that stress reduces Stroop interference. This is puzzling, as stress and anxiety typically have deleterious effects on cognitive control and performance. The traditional explanation is that stress reduces "cue utilisation": It withdraws attentional resources from less relevant stimuli (including the distracter word), meaning that the target colour is left with a stronger influence over response selection. However, it could also be that stress somehow boosts distracter inhibition, or some other aspect of executive control. To test these two accounts, 59 students completed a Stroop task featuring occasional startlingly loud sounds (high stress) or the same sounds at a lower, comfortable volume (low stress). Alongside standard Stroop interference, two measures of executive control-negative priming and conflict adaptation-were calculated from the Stroop data. Stress produced a clear reduction of Stroop interference, but it did not influence negative priming, and no conflict adaptation effects were detected at all. These findings support the cue utilisation account. Furthermore, for the first time, stress was shown to reduce Stroop interference in a task with no congruent trials, showing that the effect does not result from stress's modulating any strategy changes participants might make in response to congruent trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Booth
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sabancı University, İstanbul, Turkey
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17
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Pacheco-Colón I, Coxe S, Musser ED, Duperrouzel JC, Ross JM, Gonzalez R. Is Cannabis Use Associated with Various Indices of Motivation among Adolescents? Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:1158-1169. [PMID: 29272172 PMCID: PMC6175605 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1400566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Decreased motivation is often noted as a consequence of cannabis use (CU). Previous work has yielded mixed findings, relied mostly on adult samples, and varied to the extent that it accounted for potential confounds. This study examines associations between CU and several motivation indices among adolescents. We hypothesized that regular cannabis users would report lower motivation than light users, and that greater lifetime and past 30-day CU amounts would be associated with decreased motivation. Participants were 79 adolescents, ages 14-18, classified as recent regular cannabis users (n = 36) or light users (n = 43). Frequency and amount of substance use were assessed across participants' lifetime and during the past 30 days. Motivation was measured through the Apathy Evaluation Scale and Motivation and Engagement Scale. To examine associations between CU and our motivation indices, we conducted a series of two-step hierarchical multiple regressions. Variables found to correlate with any motivation measure were entered on step 1 (e.g., mental health, other substance use) and the relevant CU variable was entered on step 2. After controlling for confounds, no significant differences were observed between regular and light users on any motivation index, p > .01. Similarly, no associations between motivation and lifetime or past 30-day CU amount were observed, p > .01. Our findings do not support a link between reduced motivation and CU among adolescents after controlling for relevant confounds. Future studies will examine the levels of CU which influence motivation in adolescents, and the conditions under which this link becomes manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Pacheco-Colón
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Stefany Coxe
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Erica D Musser
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
| | | | - J Megan Ross
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
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18
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Baykan H, Durmaz O, Baykan O, Sahin Can M, Kara H, Hismiogullari AA, Karlidere T. Investigating the relationship between plasma neuropeptide-S levels and clinical depression. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:292-295. [PMID: 29488437 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1444088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuropeptide-S (NPS) is a novel 20-amino acid peptide, mainly expressed in the central nervous system and endocrine tissues. NPS has been linked to anxiety and fear-related behaviors. The association of NPS with depression in a human population has not been previously examined. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential association of NPS with clinical depression and comorbid anxiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder and seventy-eight controls were included in the study. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) were used to measure depression and anxiety levels, respectively. Venous blood samples were obtained to measure plasma NPS levels. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the patients and controls in terms of sex, marital status, and smoking status. Plasma NPS levels were also not significantly different between the patients and controls. In patients with major depressive disorder, HAM-A and HAM-D scores were significantly higher than those of controls. No correlation was found between plasma NPS levels and age, body mass index (BMI), median HAM-A scores, and median HAM-D scores. CONCLUSIONS Despite a significantly high level of comorbid anxiety among the patient group, we found no relationship between plasma NPS levels and depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Baykan
- a Department of Psychiatry , Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine , Balıkesir , Turkey
| | - Onur Durmaz
- b Department of Psychiatry , Erenköy Mental Health and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, S.B.Ü. Erenköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ozgur Baykan
- c Department of Biochemistry , Balıkesir Atatürk State Hospital , Balıkesir , Turkey
| | - Merve Sahin Can
- d Department of Psychiatry , Hopa State Hospital , Artvin , Turkey
| | - Hayrettin Kara
- e Department of Biochemistry , Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine , Balıkesir , Turkey
| | | | - Tunay Karlidere
- a Department of Psychiatry , Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine , Balıkesir , Turkey
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19
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Han D, Li M, Mei M, Sun X. The functional and structural characteristics of the emotion network in alexithymia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:991-998. [PMID: 29695908 PMCID: PMC5905825 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s154601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality trait characterized by emotional dysfunction. METHODS In this study, the functional and structural features of the emotion network in alexithymia were investigated using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI), voxel-based morphometry (VBM), functional connectivity (FC) analysis, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Alexithymic and non-alexithymic students were recruited from the local university. The intrinsic neural activity and gray matter density of the brain regions in the emotion network were measured using rsfMRI and VBM; the FC and structural connectivity of the brain regions in the emotion network were measured using FC analysis and DTI. RESULTS The altered intrinsic neural activity in V1, rostral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and left amygdala, and the weak FC between V1 and left superior temporal gyrus and V1 and left paracentral lobule in alexithymia subjects were identified. However, no alteration of the structure and structural connectivity of the emotion network was identified. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the development of alexithymia might have been caused only by slight alteration of the neural activity. Furthermore, the results suggest that noninvasive treatment technologies for improving the brain activity are suitable for alexithymic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Han
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Children and Adolescents Mental Health Joint Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Li
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjun Mei
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Fang Y, Li M, Mei M, Sun X, Han D. Characteristics of brain functional and structural connectivity in alexithymic students. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2609-2615. [PMID: 30349259 PMCID: PMC6186308 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s174015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality trait and a risk factor for several mental and physical diseases. METHODS In this study, 21 alexithymic students and 21 nonalexithymic students were recruited from the local university and assigned to the alexithymic group and the control group, respectively. Then, the functional connectivity and the structural connectivity among the brain regions of the students were investigated using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), function connection (FC) analysis, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). RESULTS The rsfMRI results revealed 14 brain regions showing significant differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations between the two groups. Comparative analysis of the FC and DTI data in these brain regions between the two groups identified altered levels of functional and structural connectivity between the following four pairs of regions in the alexithymic subjects: the right inferior temporal gyrus and the central posterior gyrus, the left temporal gyrus and the insula, and the bilateral superior frontal gyrus and the anterior cingulate gyrus. CONCLUSION Compared with single MRI analysis, the multiple MRI analysis identified more precisely the brain regions that could play a key role in the development of alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Fang
- Children and Adolescents Mental Health Joint Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mei Li
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjun Mei
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Han
- Children and Adolescents Mental Health Joint Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
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21
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Zhao K, Liu H, Yan R, Hua L, Chen Y, Shi J, Lu Q, Yao Z. Cortical thickness and subcortical structure volume abnormalities in patients with major depression with and without anxious symptoms. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00754. [PMID: 28828215 PMCID: PMC5561315 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious depression is one of the common subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD). Clinically, patients with anxious depression exhibit more severe depressive symptoms than patients with nonanxious depression. The aim of the present study was to explore the common and differing cortical and subcortical structural changes between patients with anxious and nonanxious depression. METHODS Patients were placed into one of three groups: the anxious depression group (MDD patients with high levels of anxiety symptoms, n = 23), the nonanxious depression group (n = 22), and healthy controls (n = 43) that were matched for age, sex, and education level. All participants underwent T1-weighted MRI. The Freesurfer, which uses a set of automated sequences to analyze the abnormal changes of cortical thickness, cortical and subcortical structures, was used to process the T1 images. RESULTS Compared to controls, MDD patients showed thinner cortical thickness in the left inferior temporal, the right superior temporal, and the right parsorbitalis, and a smaller volume of the left hippocampus. Compared to nonanxious depression, anxious depressive patients showed a cortical thinning of the left superior frontal and right superior temporal, as well as the right lingual, and significantly increased subcortical volume of the bilateral caudate nuclei. Correlation analysis showed that the volumes of the bilateral caudate nuclei were directly proportional to the anxiety/somatization factor score. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that smaller hippocampal volume and atrophic prefrontal and temporal cortices might be a common pattern of cortical and subcortical alterations in patients with depression and/or anxiety. However, the change in the caudate nucleus volume may be indicative of anxious depression and may potentially be used to distinguish anxious from nonanxious depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lingling Hua
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiabo Shi
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Lu
- Research Center of Learning ScienceSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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22
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Crane NA, Jenkins LM, Dion C, Meyers KK, Weldon AL, Gabriel LB, Walker SJ, Hsu DT, Noll DC, Klumpp H, Phan KL, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Comorbid anxiety increases cognitive control activation in Major Depressive Disorder. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:967-977. [PMID: 27454009 PMCID: PMC5050098 DOI: 10.1002/da.22541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders often co-occur, with poorer treatment response and long-term outcomes. However, little is known about the shared and distinct neural mechanisms of comorbid MDD and anxiety (MDD+Anx). This study examined how MDD and MDD+Anx differentially impact cognitive control. METHODS Eighteen MDD, 29 MDD+Anx, and 54 healthy controls (HC) completed the Parametric Go/No-Go (PGNG) during fMRI, including Target, Commission, and Rejection trials. RESULTS MDD+Anx had more activation in the anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and caudate during Rejections, and inferior parietal lobule during correct Targets than MDD and HC. During Rejections HC had greater activation in a number of cognitive control regions compared to MDD; in the posterior cingulate compared to MDD+Anx; and in the fusiform gyrus compared to all MDD. During Commissions HC had greater activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus than all MDD. MDD had more activation in the mid-cingulate, inferior parietal lobule, and superior temporal gyrus than MDD+Anx during Commissions. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar performance, MDD and MDD+Anx showed distinct differences in neural mechanisms of cognitive control in relation to each other, as well as some shared differences in relation to HC. The results were consistent with our hypothesis of hypervigilance in MDD+Anx within the cognitive control network, but inconsistent with our hypothesis that there would be greater engagement of salience and emotion network regions. Comorbidity of depression and anxiety may cause increased heterogeneity in study samples, requiring further specificity in detection and measurement of intermediate phenotypes and treatment Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anne L. Weldon
- University of Illinois at Chicago,University of Michigan
| | | | - Sara J. Walker
- University of Michigan,Oregon Health and Science University
| | - David T. Hsu
- University of Michigan,State University of New York, Stony Brook
| | | | - Heide Klumpp
- University of Illinois at Chicago,University of Michigan
| | - K. Luan Phan
- University of Illinois at Chicago,University of Michigan,Jesse Brown VA
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23
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Bennett MR, Hatton S, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Behavior, neuropsychology and fMRI. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 145-146:1-25. [PMID: 27393370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscientists in the late 20th century began the task of identifying the part(s) of the brain concerned with normal behavior as manifest in the psychological capacities as affective powers, reasoning, behaving purposively and the pursuit of goals, following introduction of the 'functional magnetic resonance imaging' (fMRI) method for identifying brain activity. For this research program to be successful two questions require satisfactory answers. First, as the fMRI method can currently only be used on stationary subjects, to what extent can neuropsychological tests applicable to such stationary subjects be correlated with normal behavior. Second, to what extent can correlations between the various neuropsychological tests on the one hand, and sites of brain activity determined with fMRI on the other, be regarded as established. The extent to which these questions have yet received satisfactory answers is reviewed, and suggestions made both for improving correlations of neuropsychological tests with behavior as well as with the results of fMRI-based observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell R Bennett
- Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Sean Hatton
- Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia.
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24
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Heller W. Award for distinguished contributions to psychophysiology: Gregory A. Miller. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:961-4. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology; University of Illinois; Champaign-Urbana Illinois USA
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25
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Booth RW, Peker M. State anxiety impairs attentional control when other sources of control are minimal. Cogn Emot 2016; 31:1004-1011. [PMID: 27073974 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1172474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests anxiety impairs attentional control; however, this effect has been unreliable. We argue that anxiety's impairment of attentional control is subtle, and can be obscured by other non-emotional sources of control. We demonstrate this by examining conflict adaptation, an enhancement in attentional control following a trial with high conflict between distracter and target stimuli. Participants completed a Stroop task featuring incongruent (e.g. RED in green font; high-conflict) and control (e.g. +++ in green font; low-conflict) trials. More state-anxious participants showed greater Stroop interference following control trials, but interference was uniformly low following incongruent trials. This suggests state anxiety can impair attention, but other sources of top-down control - such as conflict adaptation - can easily overcome this impairment. This is consistent with recent theories of anxious cognition and shows that anxiety researchers must attend to the dynamics and sources of attentional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Booth
- a Department of Psychology , MEF University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Müjde Peker
- a Department of Psychology , MEF University , Istanbul , Turkey
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26
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Subclinical depression severity is associated with distinct patterns of functional connectivity for subregions of anterior cingulate cortex. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 71:103-11. [PMID: 26468907 PMCID: PMC4630072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by sad mood and anhedonia. Neuroscientific research has consistently identified abnormalities in a network of brain regions in major depression, including subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, few studies have investigated whether the same neural correlates of depression symptom severity are apparent in subclinical or healthy subjects. In the current study, we used resting-state fMRI to examine functional connectivity for subregions of the ACC in N = 28 participants with subclinical levels of depression. In regression analyses, we examined relationships between depression severity and functional connectivity for pregenual ACC (pgACC), anterior subgenual ACC (sgACC), and posterior sgACC seed regions. Additionally, we examined relationships between ACC subregion connectivity and trait levels of positive and negative affect. We found distinct associations between depression severity and functional connectivity of ACC subregions. Higher depression severity was associated with reduced pgACC-striatum connectivity and reduced anterior sgACC-anterior insula connectivity. Consistent with resting-state findings in major depression, higher depression severity was also related to greater anterior sgACC-posterior cingulate connectivity and greater posterior sgACC-dorsolateral prefrontal connectivity. Lastly, there were distinct correlations between connectivity for anterior versus posterior ACC subregions and positive and negative affective traits. These findings provide novel support linking subclinical depression to the same neural substrates associated with major depression. More broadly, these results contribute to an emerging literature on dimensional approaches to psychiatric illness.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Van Essen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington UniversitySt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington UniversitySt. Louis, MO, USA
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Costa A, Caltagirone C. Individual differences in approach-avoidance aptitude: some clues from research on Parkinson's disease. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:43. [PMID: 25852500 PMCID: PMC4371695 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approach and avoidance are two basic behavioral aptitudes of humans whose correct balance is critical for successful adaptation to the environment. As the expression of approach and avoidance tendencies may differ significantly between healthy individuals, different psychobiological factors have been posited to account for such variability. In this regard, two main issues are still open that refers to (i) the role played by dopamine neurotransmission; and (ii) the possible influence of cognitive characteristics, particularly executive functioning. The aim of the present paper was to highlight the contribution of research on Parkinson's disease (PD) to our understanding of the above issues. In particular, we here reviewed PD literature to clarify whether neurobiological and neuropsychological modifications due to PD are associated to changes in approach-avoidance related personality features. Available data indicate that PD patients may show and approach-avoidance imbalance as documented by lower novelty-seeking and higher harm-avoidance behaviors, possibly suggesting a relationship with neurobiological and neurocognitive PD-related changes. However, the literature that directly investigated this issue is still sparse and much more work is needed to better clarify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Costa
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Rome University Tor Vergata Rome, Italy
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Lotan A, Fenckova M, Bralten J, Alttoa A, Dixson L, Williams RW, van der Voet M. Neuroinformatic analyses of common and distinct genetic components associated with major neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:331. [PMID: 25414627 PMCID: PMC4222236 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Major neuropsychiatric disorders are highly heritable, with mounting evidence suggesting that these disorders share overlapping sets of molecular and cellular underpinnings. In the current article we systematically test the degree of genetic commonality across six major neuropsychiatric disorders-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders (Anx), autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). We curated a well-vetted list of genes based on large-scale human genetic studies based on the NHGRI catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A total of 180 genes were accepted into the analysis on the basis of low but liberal GWAS p-values (<10(-5)). 22% of genes overlapped two or more disorders. The most widely shared subset of genes-common to five of six disorders-included ANK3, AS3MT, CACNA1C, CACNB2, CNNM2, CSMD1, DPCR1, ITIH3, NT5C2, PPP1R11, SYNE1, TCF4, TENM4, TRIM26, and ZNRD1. Using a suite of neuroinformatic resources, we showed that many of the shared genes are implicated in the postsynaptic density (PSD), expressed in immune tissues and co-expressed in developing human brain. Using a translational cross-species approach, we detected two distinct genetic components that were both shared by each of the six disorders; the 1st component is involved in CNS development, neural projections and synaptic transmission, while the 2nd is implicated in various cytoplasmic organelles and cellular processes. Combined, these genetic components account for 20-30% of the genetic load. The remaining risk is conferred by distinct, disorder-specific variants. Our systematic comparative analysis of shared and unique genetic factors highlights key gene sets and molecular processes that may ultimately translate into improved diagnosis and treatment of these debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lotan
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and the Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michaela Fenckova
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Aet Alttoa
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Neurobiology Program, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luanna Dixson
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, Center for Integrative and Translational Genomics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Monique van der Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
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