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González LPF, Rodrigues FDS, Jantsch J, Fraga GDF, Squizani S, Castro LFDS, Correia LL, Neto JP, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in Wistar rats following cafeteria diet-induced obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:172-183. [PMID: 36657165 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2168229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjetives: Omega-3 (n3) fatty acids have been studied as an option to alleviate the harmful effects of obesity. However, its role in obesity-related behavioral changes is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of n3 on behavior and neuroinflammation in obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control diet (CT), CT+n3, cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+n3. Diet was administered for 13 weeks, and n3 was supplemented during the last 5 weeks. Metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated, as well as anxiety-like behaviors. Immunoblots were conducted in the animals' cerebral cortex and hippocampus to assess changes in neuroinflammatory markers.Results: CAF-fed animals showed higher weight gain, visceral adiposity, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels, and n3 improved the lipid profile and restored insulin sensitivity. CAF-fed rats showed anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and light-dark box tasks but not in the contextual aversive conditioning. Omega-3 did not exert any effect on these behaviors. Regarding neuroinflammation, diet and supplementation acted in a region-specific manner. In the hippocampus, CAF reduced claudin-5 expression with no effect of n3, indicating a brain-blood barrier disruption following CAF. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) were reduced in treated obese animals. However, n3 could not reverse the TLR-4 expression increase in the cerebral cortex.Discussion: Although n3 may protect against some neuroinflammatory manifestations in the hippocampus, it does not seem sufficient to reverse the increase in anxiolytic manifestations caused by CAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Paola Facciola González
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samia Squizani
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Dos Santos Castro
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lídia Luz Correia
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Neto
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Feistauer V, Fisch J, da Silva Oliveira CK, Giovenardi M, Almeida S. Restriction and hyperlipidic diets during pregnancy, lactation and adult life modified the expression of dopaminergic system related genes both in female mice and their adult offspring. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:245-252. [PMID: 32619693 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The neurocircuitry underlying hunger, satiety, motivation to eat and food reward is complex, however a lot of mechanisms are still unknown. Two main cerebral areas are responsible for controlling feeding through hunger and food reward: the hypothalamus (HPT) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), respectively. The dopaminergic system modulates both these areas and is essential to control food ingestion. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effects of restrictive and hyperlipidic diets during pregnancy, lactation and during adult life of the offspring, on the expression of dopaminergic system genes in VTA and HPT of mice dams and their adult male offspring. We also measured diets' effect in locomotor activity in the open field (OF) test. Female mice were divided into control (CONT), restriction (RD) and hyperlipidic (HD) dietary groups, and mated with isogenic male mice. On the 9th postpartum day (PPD), dams were tested in the OF, and on the 22nd PPD cerebral areas were collected. After weaning, the offspring also were divided into one of three diet groups, independently of the diets provided to their dams. In the 80th PPD, the offspring was tested in the OF, and at 100th PPD, VTA and HPT were collected. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between gene expression and locomotor activity was also assessed. In dams' VTA, both diets upregulated the expression of Th, Slc6a3/Dat1, Drd1 and Drd2 genes. In opposition, in the offspring the maternal diet was associated with a reduction in Th and Ddc gene expression. In the HPT, mice dams that received restriction or hyperlipidic diets had increased Th mRNA levels, but reduced the expression of Drd4 gene. The offspring diet had no effect on the expression of the studied genes in their adult lives. Both diets increased mice dam's locomotion in the OF, however none of them altered the offspring locomotor activity. We detected a positive correlation between the duration of total locomotion in the OF and Slc6a3/Dat1 gene expression in VTA of mice dams. In the HPT, a negative correlation of locomotion and Drd4 mRNA levels, and a positive correlation with Th gene expression was observed. Our results show that restriction and hyperlipidic diets alter mice dams' locomotor activity in the OF and modify the expression of dopaminergic system genes in VTA and HPT of mice dams and in VTA of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Feistauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Joana Fisch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Kalkmann da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
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Menezes J, Souto das Neves BH, Gonçalves R, Benetti F, Mello-Carpes PB. Maternal deprivation impairs memory and cognitive flexibility, effect that is avoided by environmental enrichment. Behav Brain Res 2020; 381:112468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Leichtweis KS, Carvalho M, Morais-Silva G, Marin MT, Amaral VCS. Short and prolonged maternal separation impacts on ethanol-related behaviors in rats: sex and age differences. Stress 2020; 23:162-173. [PMID: 31429361 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1653847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) is an animal model widely used to evaluate the influence of early-life stress exposure on ethanol consumption and dependence. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of brief and prolonged MS on the pattern of consumption and ethanol conditioned place preference (CPP) in male and female rats during adolescence and adulthood. Wistar rat pups were separated daily from their dams for 15 or 180 minutes during the 2 to 10 postnatal days (PND). In adolescence, half of the litter from each group was evaluated in the ethanol consumption test using the three-bottle test choice paradigm. In addition, using biased procedure, ethanol-conditioned place preference was also evaluated. In adulthood, the other half of the litter was evaluated on the same tests. Our results showed that there are differences in consumption pattern and in alcohol reinforcement between males and females, adolescents and adults. While prolonged MS had no effect on total ethanol consumption in adolescents of both sexes, it induced CPP in these animals. In turn, in adults, previous exposure to prolonged MS increased ethanol consumption without altering ethanol-CPP.Lay summaryGiving the importance of the mother-children (dam-pups when talking about rodents) relationship to proper brain development, the separation of pups from their dam is broadly used as an animal model to study the impact of early-life stress exposure. Here, we used a protocol of brief or prolonged maternal separation to study the impact of early-life stress exposure in the alcohol consumption and conditioned place preference in rats, and how age and sex influence it. We showed that, overall, the prolonged maternal separation increased alcohol consumption in both males and females, but only when animals were tested during the adulthood. In the other hand, prolonged maternal separation increased ethanol conditioned place preference in adolescent rats, both male and female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Souto Leichtweis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPGCAPS), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brasil
| | - Marielly Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPGCAPS), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brasil
| | - Gessynger Morais-Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Araraquara, Brasil
- Programa Interinstitucional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UFSCar/UNESP), São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Tadeu Marin
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Araraquara, Brasil
- Programa Interinstitucional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UFSCar/UNESP), São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Cristiane Santana Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPGCAPS), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brasil
- Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas Henrique Santillo (CCET), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brasil
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Lipatova O, Campolattaro MM, Picone JA. Fornix lesions impair place-, but not response-learning in the open-field tower maze. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 167:107134. [PMID: 31790811 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine hippocampal function for spatial learning in a land-based circular maze (i.e., the open-field tower maze [OFTM]). The OFTM, a task designed to be non-stressful, has been previously used to demonstrate the influence of gonadal hormones on spatial learning. Thus, determination of brain function for navigating in the OFTM provides an important extension to previous knowledge. Fornix lesions were used in the present experiment to disrupt hippocampal processing. After initial pre-training, rats received either an electrolytic fornix lesion surgery or a sham surgery. The rats from each surgical group were given either place- or response-training in the OFTM. The results showed that (1) lesioned place-learners required more trials than sham place-learners to solve the OFTM and (2) lesioned response-learners solved the OFTM at the same rate as sham response-learners. Our findings support the hypothesis that the hippocampus is necessary for place-, but not response-learning in the OFTM task. The OFTM is an appetitive task that does not depend on a choice between restricted directions that a rat would be required to make in a T-maze or a radial arm-maze, and does not include aversive components inherent to a Morris Water Maze or Barnes Maze. Thus, the OFTM can be used to investigate the manipulations of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning without confounding variables related to an animal's stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lipatova
- Christopher Newport University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience Program, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States.
| | - Matthew M Campolattaro
- Christopher Newport University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience Program, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States
| | - Joseph A Picone
- Christopher Newport University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience Program, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States
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Fisch J, Feistauer V, de Moura AC, Silva AO, Bollis V, Porawski M, Almeida S, Guedes RP, Barschak AG, Giovenardi M. Maternal feeding associated to post-weaning diet affects metabolic and behavioral parameters in female offspring. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:162-167. [PMID: 30802509 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors related to maternal diet may predispose offspring to serious diseases. However, consequences of a maternal diet intervention during gestation and lactation, and its association with caloric restriction after weaning on the progeny are not completely known. In this context, the goal of the present study was to investigate how different maternal diets, control (CONT), hypercaloric (HD) or restrictive (RD) diets during gestation and lactation, may affect the metabolism and behavior of the offspring that was also submitted to RD. Experimental groups were abbreviated accordingly maternal/offspring diets: CONT/CONT, CONT/RD, RD/CONT, RD/RD, HD/CONT, HD/RD. Our results showed that glucose serum concentration is increased in mice from dams fed a HD. However, offspring from RD-fed dams showed lower insulin and leptin levels than the other groups, indicating a maternal diet effect. Moreover, animals from RD/CONT group showed a higher adipocyte area in comparison to both HD/CONT and CON/CONT. Offspring from RD-fed dams exhibited a decrease in lateral area locomotion in the open field test. Evaluation of anxiety-like behavior and recognition memory showed no significant difference among groups. Thus, maternal RD provides a beneficial response in metabolic parameters, but its effects on behavior is not completely clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Fisch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Feistauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Andrew Oliveira Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bollis
- Curso de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Silvana Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alethea Gatto Barschak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 - CEP, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
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Russell AL, Tasker JG, Lucion AB, Fiedler J, Munhoz CD, Wu TYJ, Deak T. Factors promoting vulnerability to dysregulated stress reactivity and stress-related disease. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12641. [PMID: 30144202 PMCID: PMC6181794 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective coordination of the biological stress response is integral for the behavioural well-being of an organism. Stress reactivity is coordinated by an interplay of the neuroendocrine system and the sympathetic nervous system. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in orchestrating the bodily responses to stress, and the activity of the axis can be modified by a wide range of experiential events. This review focuses on several factors that influence subsequent HPA axis reactivity. Some of these factors include early-life adversity, exposure to chronic stress, immune activation and traumatic brain injury. The central premise is that each of these experiences serves as a general vulnerability factor that accelerates future HPA axis reactivity in ways that make individuals more sensitive to stress challenges, therefore feeding forward into the exacerbation of ongoing (or greater susceptibility toward) future stress-related disease states, especially as they pertain to negative affect and overall brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Russell
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey G Tasker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles
| | - Aldo B Lucion
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jenny Fiedler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina D Munhoz
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tao-Yiao John Wu
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Terrence Deak
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC), Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
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Sex differences and the role of acute stress in the open-field tower maze. Physiol Behav 2018; 189:16-25. [PMID: 29486171 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many studies provide evidence that differences in spatial learning exist between males and females. However, it is necessary to consider non-mnemonic factors that may influence these findings. The present experiment investigated acquisition, retention, and the effects of stress on response- and place-learning in male and female rats. Rats were trained in an open-field tower maze. Procedures were used to minimize stress in the rats, and their ability to solve place- or response-learning in the maze was determined by analyzing a response variable (i.e., first choice correct response) that was not influenced by general locomotor activity. The results revealed that male and female rats acquire place- and response-learning at the same rate even though females moved significantly faster in the maze. However, females showed better retrieval of place-, but not response-learning compared to male rats. This effect appeared to be enhanced when the rats were tested immediately following an acute restraint stress. Furthermore, both female and male rats that were exposed to acute restraint stress showed less impairment than controls when subsequently tested in a novel situation. These findings have clinical implications that a mild physiological stress response can make one more cognitively resistant to adversities later in life.
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Matsuzaki T, Munkhzaya M, Tungalagsuvd A, Mayila Y, Iwasa T, Yano K, Yanagihara R, Tokui T, Kato T, Kuwahara A, Matsui S, Irahara M. Prenatal undernutrition disrupted the sexual maturation, but not the sexual behavior, in male rats. Reprod Med Biol 2017; 16:325-329. [PMID: 29259485 PMCID: PMC5715893 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exposure to various stressors, including psychological, metabolic, and immune, in the perinatal period induces long‐lasting effects in physiological function and increase the risk of metabolic disorders in later life. In the present study, sexual maturation and sexual behavior were assessed in prenatally undernourished mature male rats. Methods All the pregnant rats were divided into the maternal normal nutrition (mNN) group and the maternal undernutrition (mUN) group. The mUN mothers received 50% of the amount of the daily food intake of the mNN mothers. Preputial separation and sexual behavior were observed in randomly selected pups of the mNN and mUN groups. Results The body weight of the mothers was significantly lighter in the mUN group than in the mNN group. Similarly, the pups in the mUN group showed a significantly lower body weight than those in the mNN group from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND 15. The preputial separation day was significantly delayed in the mUN group, compared to the mNN group. Sexual behavior did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion These findings indicated that prenatal undernutrition delayed sexual maturation, but did not suppress sexual behavior, in mature male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Yiliyasi Mayila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Rie Yanagihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Takako Tokui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Sumika Matsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
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Oliveira C, Scarabelot VL, Vercelino R, Silveira NP, Adachi LN, Regner GG, Silva LS, Macedo IC, Souza A, Caumo W, Torres IL. Morphine exposure and maternal deprivation during the early postnatal period alter neuromotor development and nerve growth factor levels. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 63:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduaçăo em Medicina: Ciências MédicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós‐Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Vanessa L. Scarabelot
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós‐Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Rafael Vercelino
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Centro Universitário FADERGSPorto AlegreRSBrazil
- Health and Wellness School Laureate International Universities
| | - Natalia P. Silveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós‐Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Lauren N.S. Adachi
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduaçăo em Medicina: Ciências MédicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós‐Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Gabriela G. Regner
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós‐Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Lisiane S. Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós‐Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós‐Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Universidade Federal do PampaAvenida Antônio Trilha, 184797300‐000São GabrielRSBrazil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós‐Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduaçăo em Medicina: Ciências MédicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Iraci L.S. Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré‐ClínicasDepartamento de FarmacologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduaçăo em Medicina: Ciências MédicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós‐Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
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Supriya C, Akhila B, Pratap Reddy K, Girish BP, Sreenivasula Reddy P. Effects of maternal exposure to aflatoxin B1 during pregnancy on fertility output of dams and developmental, behavioral and reproductive consequences in female offspring using a rat model. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:202-10. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1151967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Neves BH, Menezes J, Souza MA, Mello-Carpes PB. Physical exercise prevents short and long-term deficits on aversive and recognition memory and attenuates brain oxidative damage induced by maternal deprivation. Physiol Behav 2015; 152:99-105. [PMID: 26403760 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is known from previous research that physical exercise prevents long-term memory deficits induced by maternal deprivation in rats. But we could not assume similar effects of physical exercise on short-term memory, as short- and long-term memories are known to result from some different memory consolidation processes. Here we demonstrated that, in addition to long-term memory deficit, the short-term memory deficit resultant from maternal deprivation in object recognition and aversive memory tasks is also prevented by physical exercise. Additionally, one of the mechanisms by which the physical exercise influences the memory processes involves its effects attenuating the oxidative damage in the maternal deprived rats' hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Hur Neves
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory & Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Po Box 118, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Menezes
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory & Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Po Box 118, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauren Assis Souza
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory & Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Po Box 118, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Pâmela B Mello-Carpes
- Physiology Research Group, Stress, Memory & Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Po Box 118, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Supriya C, Reddy PS. Prenatal exposure to aflatoxin B1: developmental, behavioral, and reproductive alterations in male rats. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2015; 102:26. [PMID: 25911313 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-015-1274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) inhibits androgen biosynthesis as a result of its ability to form a high-affinity complex with the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. The results of the present study demonstrate the postnatal effects of in utero exposure to AfB1 in the rat. Pregnant Wistar rats were given 10, 20, or 50 μg AfB1/kg body weight daily from gestation day (GD) 12 to GD 19. At parturition, newborns were observed for clinical signs and survival. All animals were born alive and initially appeared to be active. Male pups from control and AfB1-exposed animals were weaned and maintained up to postnatal day (PD) 100. Litter size, birth weight, sex ratio, survival rate, and crown-rump length of the pups were significantly decreased in AfB1-exposed rats when compared to controls. Elapsed time (days) for testes to descend into the scrotal sac was significantly delayed in experimental pups when compared to control pups. Behavioral observations such as cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, surface rightening activity, ascending wire mesh, open field behavior, and exploratory and locomotory activities were significantly impaired in experimental pups. Body weights and the indices of testis, cauda epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles, and liver were significantly reduced on PD 100 in male rats exposed to AfB1 during embryonic development when compared with controls. Significant reduction in the testicular daily sperm production, epididymal sperm count, and number of viable, motile, and hypo-osmotic tail coiled sperm was observed in experimental rats. The levels of serum testosterone and activity levels of testicular hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner with a significant increase in the serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in experimental rats. Deterioration in the testicular and cauda epididymal architecture was observed in experimental rats. The results of fertility studies revealed a significant decrease in the mating index in experimental rats with an increase in the pre- and post-implantation losses in rats mated with prenatal AfB1-exposed males, indicating poor male reproductive performance. These results indicate that in utero exposure to AfB1 severely compromised postnatal development of neonatal rats, and caused a delay in testes descent and reduction in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis that were accomplished by suppressed reproduction at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Supriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, India
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Benetti F, da Silveira CKB, Rosa J, Izquierdo I. Histamine acting on the basolateral amygdala reverts the impairment of aversive memory of rats submitted to neonatal maternal deprivation. Behav Brain Res 2015; 278:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lipatova O, Byrd D, Green JT, Toufexis DJ. Effects of continuous vs. cycling estrogen replacement on the acquisition, retention and expression of place- and response-learning in the open-field tower maze. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 114:81-9. [PMID: 24837787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen has been shown to either enhance or impair learning and memory in female rats. The use of different experimental paradigms or estrogen treatment regimens may contribute to these disparate findings. In order to assess the effect of different estradiol (E2) treatments on several aspects of cognition, we trained ovariectomized female rats with either continuous, cycling, or vehicle E2 replacement, in an open-field tower maze task (OFTM) designed to test reference memory in a low-stress environment. In addition, in order to compare two distinct learning and memory systems, rats were trained to use either a dorsolateral striatum-based response type learning or a hippocampal-based place type learning to solve the maze. Results showed that cyclic, but not continuous, E2 replacement facilitated the acquisition of spatial memory in place-learners. Neither E2 regimen affected acquisition in response-learners. Additionally, when all experimental groups were performing at asymptote, rats were evaluated for performance stability by changing the location of their start position in the OFTM. Both regimens of E2 disrupted the expression of spatial memory in place-learners following the novel start position. However, E2 replacement protected ovariectomized female rats from the disruption of memory expression following a start position change in response-learners. Additionally all experimental groups performed equally well when tested following a 21-day period during which rats were absent from the maze. These results suggest that E2 fluctuation is particularly important in the acquisition of hippocampal-mediated spatial learning, and that hippocampal-based memory may be subject to disruption following environmental change, while striatum-based memory is subject to protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lipatova
- University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
| | - Dennis Byrd
- University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - John T Green
- University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Donna J Toufexis
- University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, United States
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Uriarte N, Fernández MV, Agrati D, Zuluaga MJ, Ferreño M, Ferreira A. Maternal and affective behaviors of lactating rats reared in overlapping litters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 108:221-30. [PMID: 24746748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum mating in rats gives rise to complex family units consisting of the mother and two overlapping litters. As a consequence, newborn pups of the second litter, since the moment they are born, acquire experience not only from interaction with the mother and age-matched littermates but also from interaction with older siblings. Newborn pups reared in overlapping litters (OLs) receive a different pattern of maternal stimulation compared to those reared in single litters (SL: one litter of same aged pups), as the mothers reduce some maternal behavior components and juvenile pups from the first litter develop maternal behavior. Since there is strong evidence showing that variations in maternal behavior are transmitted throughout generations, we hypothesized that the altered pattern of maternal stimulation received by OL reared females would modify their behavior during motherhood. To test this hypothesis maternal behavior, maternal aggression and experimental anxiety of dams reared under OL and SL conditions during the first postpartum week were compared. No differences were found between the groups in their maternal behavior and aggression. This result may be explained by the maternal behavior of the juveniles that could compensate for the deficits in the caregiving behaviors received by OL litters. However, a subtle temporal reorganization of the licking behavior was found in OL reared mothers, together with an increased anxiety-related behavior in the plus maze test. These results suggest dissociation in the effects provoked by early environmental alterations on different behavioral systems, and more importantly, that independently of their early family composition, both groups can cope effectively with the changing demands of the pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Sección Biomatemática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - María Victoria Fernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Sección Biomatemática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Daniella Agrati
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - María José Zuluaga
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Marcela Ferreño
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Annabel Ferreira
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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Babb JA, Carini LM, Spears SL, Nephew BC. Transgenerational effects of social stress on social behavior, corticosterone, oxytocin, and prolactin in rats. Horm Behav 2014; 65:386-93. [PMID: 24657520 PMCID: PMC4076950 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Social stressors such as depressed maternal care and family conflict are robust challenges which can have long-term physiological and behavioral effects on offspring and future generations. The current study investigates the transgenerational effects of an ethologically relevant chronic social stress on the behavior and endocrinology of juvenile and adult rats. Exposure to chronic social stress during lactation impairs maternal care in F0 lactating dams and the maternal care of the F1 offspring of those stressed F0 dams. The overall hypothesis was that the male and female F2 offspring of stressed F1 dams would display decreased social behavior as both juveniles and adults and that these behavioral effects would be accompanied by changes in plasma corticosterone, prolactin, and oxytocin. Both the female and male F2 offspring of dams exposed to chronic social stress displayed decreased social behavior as juveniles and adults, and these behavioral effects were accompanied by decreases in basal concentrations of corticosterone in both sexes, as well as elevated juvenile oxytocin and decreased adult prolactin in the female offspring. The data support the conclusion that social stress has transgenerational effects on the social behavior of the female and male offspring which are mediated by changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Social stress models are valuable resources in the study of the transgenerational effects of stress on the behavioral endocrinology of disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, and other disorders involving disrupted social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Babb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Lindsay M Carini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Stella L Spears
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Benjamin C Nephew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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Zuluaga MJ, Agrati D, Uriarte N, Ferreira A. Social aversive stimuli presented to the mother produce the precocious expression of fear in rat pups. Dev Psychobiol 2014; 56:1187-98. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María J. Zuluaga
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República (UdelaR); Igua 4225 piso 10 ala sur, CP.11400 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Daniella Agrati
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República (UdelaR); Igua 4225 piso 10 ala sur, CP.11400 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Natalia Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias; Sección Biomatemática; Facultad de Ciencias; UdelaR; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Annabel Ferreira
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República (UdelaR); Igua 4225 piso 10 ala sur, CP.11400 Montevideo Uruguay
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Sexually dimorphic long-term effects of an early life experience on AMPA receptor subunit expression in rat brain. Neuroscience 2014; 257:49-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ferreira CF, Bernardi JR, Krolow R, Arcego DM, Fries GR, de Aguiar BW, Senter G, Kapczinski FP, Silveira PP, Dalmaz C. Vulnerability to dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency after exposure to early stress in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 107:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ursinus WW, Bolhuis JE, Zonderland JJ, Rodenburg TB, de Souza AS, Koopmanschap RE, Kemp B, Korte-Bouws GAH, Korte SM, van Reenen CG. Relations between peripheral and brain serotonin measures and behavioural responses in a novelty test in pigs. Physiol Behav 2013; 118:88-96. [PMID: 23685231 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pigs differ in their behavioural responses towards environmental challenges. Individual variation in maladaptive responses such as tail biting, may partly originate from underlying biological characteristics related to (emotional) reactivity to challenges and serotonergic system functioning. Assessing relations between behavioural responses and brain and blood serotonin parameters may help in understanding susceptibility to the development of maladaptive responses. The objective of the current study was, therefore, to assess the relationship between the pigs' serotonergic parameters measured in both blood and brain, and the behaviour of pigs during a novelty test. Pigs (n=31) were subjected to a novelty test at 11weeks of age, consisting of 5-min novel environment exposure after which a novel object (a bucket) was introduced for 5min. Whole blood serotonin, platelet serotonin level, and platelet serotonin uptake were determined at 13weeks of age. Levels of serotonin, its metabolite and serotonin turnover were determined at 19weeks of age in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus. The behaviour of the pigs was different during exposure to a novel object compared to the novel environment only, with more fear-related behaviours exhibited during novel object exposure. Platelet serotonin level and brain serotonergic parameters in the hippocampus were interrelated. Notably, the time spent exploring the test arena was significantly correlated with both platelet serotonin level and right hippocampal serotonin activity (turnover and concentration). In conclusion, the existence of an underlying biological trait - possibly fearfulness - may be involved in the pig's behavioural responses toward environmental challenges, and this is also reflected in serotonergic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winanda W Ursinus
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Adaptation Physiology Group, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Victoria NC, Inoue K, Young LJ, Murphy AZ. A Single Neonatal Injury Induces Life-Long Deficits in Response to Stress. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:326-37. [DOI: 10.1159/000351121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Estrogen enhances the retention of spatial reference memory in the open field tower task, but disrupts the expression of spatial memory following a novel start position. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tang AC, Reeb-Sutherland BC, Romeo RD, McEwen BS. Reducing behavioral inhibition to novelty via systematic neonatal novelty exposure: the influence of maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal regulation. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 72:150-6. [PMID: 22521147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral inhibition (BI) to novelty is thought to be a stable temperament type that appears early in life and is a major risk factor for anxiety disorders. In the rat, habituation of such inhibition can be facilitated via neonatal novelty exposure (NNE), thus reducing BI to novelty. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this early intervention effect is modulated by the context of maternal self-stress regulation. METHODS The NNE was carried out during postnatal days 1-21, in which one half of each litter was exposed to a relatively novel nonhome environment for 3-min daily while the remaining one half stayed in the home cage. After weaning, BI to novelty was assessed in an open field with a measure of disinhibition defined as a greater increase in exploration across two brief trials. Maternal context was characterized by trait measures of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, including basal and stress-evoked corticosterone (CORT) responses. RESULTS Family-to-family variations in the NNE effect were associated with variations in maternal HPA function-a low-basal CORT and high-evoked CORT response profile constituting the context for a novelty-induced facilitation of disinhibition (i.e., a greater increase in exploratory activity over repeated trials) and an opposite HPA profile constituting the context for a novelty-induced reduction of disinhibition. CONCLUSIONS This result is consistent with the hypothesis that maternal self-stress regulation modulates the effect of early life intervention on BI to novelty and suggests that effective interventions should include strategies to help mothers improve their self-stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaysha C Tang
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Hacquemand R, Jacquot L, Brand G. Postnatal exposure to predator odor (TMT) enhances spatial learning in mice adulthood. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:113-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Analysis of transcriptional levels of the oxytocin receptor in different areas of the central nervous system and behaviors in high and low licking rats. Behav Brain Res 2012; 228:176-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reeb-Sutherland BC, Tang AC. Dissociation between neonatal novelty-induced preferential maternal care and enhancement in cognitive, social, and emotional functions. Behav Brain Res 2011; 224:318-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Neonatal novelty-induced persistent enhancement in offspring spatial memory and the modulatory role of maternal self-stress regulation. J Neurosci 2011; 31:5348-52. [PMID: 21471369 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6808-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of spatial memory in the rat is influenced by both maternal and nonmaternal aspects of the postnatal environment. Yet it remains poorly understood how these two aspects of the postnatal environment interact to program offspring cognitive development. By considering the joint influence of neonatal environmental novelty and maternal self-stress regulation on the development of spatial memory function in Long-Evans hooded rats, we show a persistent neonatal novelty-induced enhancement in spatial reference and working memory functions among the same individual offspring from juvenility to adulthood and a contrasting transient maternal modulatory influence on this novelty-related enhancement present during only juvenility. Specifically, at and only at juvenility, for mothers with good self-stress regulation as indexed by a low circulating basal corticosterone level, offspring showed a novelty-induced enhancement in spatial memory function, whereas for mothers with poor self-stress regulation, indexed by a high basal corticosterone level, offspring showed little enhancement or even small impairments. These findings indicate that maternal and nonmaternal postnatal environments exert separate but interacting influences on offspring cognitive development and support a maternal modulation model of cognitive development that considers maternal self-stress regulation as an important factor among the multitude of maternal influences.
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Postnatal exposure to synthetic predator odor (TMT) induces quantitative modification in fear-related behaviors during adulthood without change in corticosterone levels. Behav Brain Res 2010; 215:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stamatakis A, Toutountzi E, Fragioudaki K, Kouvelas E, Stylianopoulou F, Mitsacos A. Selective effects of neonatal handling on rat brain N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Neuroscience 2009; 164:1457-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kiosterakis G, Stamatakis A, Diamantopoulou A, Fameli M, Stylianopoulou F. Long-term effects of neonatal handling on mu-opioid receptor levels in the brain of the offspring. Dev Psychobiol 2009; 51:439-49. [PMID: 19507200 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal handling is an experimental paradigm of an early experience which permanently alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function resulting in increased ability to cope with stress, and decreased emotionality. In the present work we investigated the effect of neonatal handling on adult rat brain mu-opioid receptor levels, since the opioid system is known to play an important role in emotional processing, anxiety and stress responses. Neonatal handling resulted in increased levels of mu-opioid receptors in the basolateral and central amygdaloid nuclei, in the CA3 and CA4 hippocampal areas, in the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex. Handled animals of both sexes had lower anxiety as measured in the elevated plus maze. The increased mu receptor levels could participate in the molecular mechanisms underlying the well-documented decreased stress and anxiety responses of handled animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kiosterakis
- Biology-Biochemistry Lab, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, 123 Papadiamantopoulou str., 11527 Athens, Greece
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Environmental and tactile stimulation modulates the neonatal handling effect on adult rat spatial memory. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27:747-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Revised: 08/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mello PB, Benetti F, Cammarota M, Izquierdo I. Physical exercise can reverse the deficit in fear memory induced by maternal deprivation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2009; 92:364-9. [PMID: 19398029 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal deprivation during the first 10 days of life induces significant behavioral alterations in rodents which persist through adulthood. Physical exercise reduces the cognitive deficits associated with pharmacologic and pathological conditions. Here we investigated whether forced physical exercise alters memory deficits caused by postnatal maternal deprivation. Male rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) deprived, (3) exercised, and (4) deprived+exercised. In groups 2 and 4, pups were deprived from their mothers for 3h/day during the first 10 days post-birth. In groups 3 and 4, from postnatal day 45 (PND-45) on, animals were submitted to forced treadmill exercise. At adulthood, animals were submitted to four different behavioral tasks: open field, Morris water maze (MWM), object recognition (OR) and inhibitory avoidance (IA). Maternal deprivation had no effect on open field behavior, but disrupted memory in the three other tasks. Physical exercise alone had no effect, except for a slight enhancement of MWM learning. Importantly, physical exercise reversed the deficit of IA and reduced the deficit of spatial memory but not that of OR seen in deprived animals. It is possible that physical exercise may counteract the influence of maternal deprivation on neurohumoral or hormonal memory modulatory systems related to stress. Indeed, the decreasing order of the effect of exercise on the memory disturbances induced by deprivation roughly follows the descending degree of stress associated with each task (IA>MWM>OR). Maternal deprivation is known to hinder hormonal mechanisms involved in coping with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Billig Mello
- Centro de Memória, Instituto do Cérebro, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Uriarte N, Ferreira A, Rosa XF, Lucion AB. Effects of litter-overlapping on emotionality, stress response, and reproductive functions in male and female rats. Dev Psychobiol 2009; 51:259-67. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.20360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Benetti F, Mello PB, Bonini JS, Monteiro S, Cammarota M, Izquierdo I. Early postnatal maternal deprivation in rats induces memory deficits in adult life that can be reversed by donepezil and galantamine. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 27:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.09.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Benetti
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Av. Ipiranga, 669090610‐000Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: FisiologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Pâmela Billig Mello
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Av. Ipiranga, 669090610‐000Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: FisiologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Juliana Sartori Bonini
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Av. Ipiranga, 669090610‐000Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Siomara Monteiro
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Av. Ipiranga, 669090610‐000Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Martín Cammarota
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Av. Ipiranga, 669090610‐000Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Iván Izquierdo
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Av. Ipiranga, 669090610‐000Porto AlegreRSBrazil
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Uriarte N, Ferreira A, Rosa XF, Sebben V, Lucion AB. Overlapping litters in rats: Effects on maternal behavior and offspring emotionality. Physiol Behav 2008; 93:1061-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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