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Huang Y, Qing R, Yang Y, Li M, Gao J. Sex and Age Differences in Ontogeny of Alloparenting: A Relation to Forebrain DRD1, DRD2, and HTR2A mRNA Expression? Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22524. [PMID: 38973227 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Alloparenting refers to the practice of caring for the young by individuals other than their biological parents. The relationship between the dynamic changes in psychological functions underlying alloparenting and the development of specific neuroreceptors remains unclear. Using a classic 10-day pup sensitization procedure, together with a pup preference and pup retrieval test on the EPM (elevated plus maze), we showed that both male and female adolescent rats (24 days old) had significantly shorter latency than adult rats (65 days old) to be alloparental, and their motivation levels for pups and objects were also significantly higher. In contrast, adult rats retrieved more pups than adolescent rats even though they appeared to be more anxious on the EPM. Analysis of mRNA expression using real-time-PCR revealed a higher dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) receptor expression in adult hippocampus, amygdala, and ventral striatum, along with higher dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) receptor expression in ventral striatum compared to adolescent rats. Adult rats also showed significantly higher levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) receptor expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, ventral striatum, and hypothalamus. These results suggest that the faster onset of alloparenting in adolescent rats compared to adult rats, along with the psychological functions involved, may be mediated by varying levels of dopamine DRD1, DRD2, and HTR2A in different forebrain regions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Male
- Rats
- Female
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Prosencephalon/metabolism
- Empathy/physiology
- Age Factors
- Sex Characteristics
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Amygdala/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoting Qing
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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2
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Santana‐Coelho D, Womble PD, Blandin KJ, Pilcher JB, O'Neill GM, Douglas LA, Chilukuri SV, Tran DLK, Wiley TA, Lugo JN. Assessment of the effects of sex, age, and rearing condition on ultrasonic vocalizations elicited by pups during the maternal potentiation paradigm in C57BL/6J mice. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22341. [PMID: 36426792 PMCID: PMC9828101 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are important to elicit parental retrieval. This behavior is critical for the animal's survival and can be altered in models of developmental disorders. The potentiation of vocalizations in response to reunion with the dam, also called maternal potentiation, has been extensively studied in rats. However, the assessment of this paradigm in mice is scarce. In rats, the potentiation of vocalizations is dependent on rearing conditions. Since mice are the main species used for genetic models of diseases, we aimed to investigate how different factors such as age, sex, and rearing conditions can affect the potentiation of vocalizations in the maternal potentiation paradigm in mice. We carried out experiments using biparental (dam and sire) or uniparental rearing (dam). Pups were tested on postnatal days (PD) 9 or 12. Pups showed increased potentiation in both sexes at PD9 with uniparental rearing. Both rearing conditions and ages changed the repertoire from the first to the second isolation. Spectral parameters were affected by sex, rearing condition and reunion at PD9. At PD12, only duration was altered by reunion. We conclude that the performance of the pups in the maternal potentiation paradigm is dependent on age, sex, and rearing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paige D. Womble
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | | | - Jacob B. Pilcher
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Grace M. O'Neill
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Doan L. K. Tran
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Taylor A. Wiley
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Joaquin N. Lugo
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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3
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Opendak M, Raineki C, Perry RE, Rincón-Cortés M, Song SC, Zanca RM, Wood E, Packard K, Hu S, Woo J, Martinez K, Vinod KY, Brown RW, Deehan GA, Froemke RC, Serrano PA, Wilson DA, Sullivan RM. Bidirectional control of infant rat social behavior via dopaminergic innervation of the basolateral amygdala. Neuron 2021; 109:4018-4035.e7. [PMID: 34706218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction deficits seen in psychiatric disorders emerge in early-life and are most closely linked to aberrant neural circuit function. Due to technical limitations, we have limited understanding of how typical versus pathological social behavior circuits develop. Using a suite of invasive procedures in awake, behaving infant rats, including optogenetics, microdialysis, and microinfusions, we dissected the circuits controlling the gradual increase in social behavior deficits following two complementary procedures-naturalistic harsh maternal care and repeated shock alone or with an anesthetized mother. Whether the mother was the source of the adversity (naturalistic Scarcity-Adversity) or merely present during the adversity (repeated shock with mom), both conditions elevated basolateral amygdala (BLA) dopamine, which was necessary and sufficient in initiating social behavior pathology. This did not occur when pups experienced adversity alone. These data highlight the unique impact of social adversity as causal in producing mesolimbic dopamine circuit dysfunction and aberrant social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Opendak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Charlis Raineki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Rosemarie E Perry
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Millie Rincón-Cortés
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA
| | - Soomin C Song
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Roseanna M Zanca
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, 10016, USA; The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Emma Wood
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Katherine Packard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Shannon Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Joyce Woo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Krissian Martinez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - K Yaragudri Vinod
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Gerald A Deehan
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Robert C Froemke
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter A Serrano
- Department of Psychology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, 10016, USA; The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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4
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He Z, Hou W, Hao X, Dong N, Du P, Yuan W, Yang J, Jia R, Tai F. Oxytocin receptor antagonist treatments alter levels of attachment to mothers and central dopamine activity in pre-weaning mandarin vole pups. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 84:124-134. [PMID: 28710956 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is known to be important in mother-infant bonding. Although the relationship between OT and filial attachment behavior has been studied in a few mammalian species, the effects on infant social behavior have received little attention in monogamous species. The present study examined the effects of OT receptor antagonist (OTA) treatment on attachment behavior and central dopamine (DA) activity in male and female pre-weaning mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus). Our data showed that OTA treatments decreased the attachment behavior of pups to mothers, measured using preference tests at postnatal day 14, 16, 18 and 20. OTA treatments reduced serum OT concentration in pre-weaning pups and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), indicating a decrease in central DA activity. In male and female pups, OTA reduced DA levels, DA 1-type receptor (D1R) and DA 2-type receptor (D2R) protein expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Our results indicate that OTA treatment inhibits the attachment of pre-weaning pups to mothers. This inhibition is possibly associated with central DA activity and levels of two types of dopamine receptor in the NAcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong He
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Wenjuan Hou
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Na Dong
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Peirong Du
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China; Cognition Neuroscience and Learning Division, Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Fadao Tai
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China; Cognition Neuroscience and Learning Division, Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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5
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He Z, Zhang S, Yu C, Li Y, Jia R, Tai F. Emotional attachment of pre-weaning pups to mothers and fathers in mandarin voles. Behav Processes 2017; 135:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Bodi CM, Vassoler FM, Byrnes EM. Adolescent experience affects postnatal ultrasonic vocalizations and gene expression in future offspring. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 58:714-23. [PMID: 26999300 PMCID: PMC5320520 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study measured postnatal ultrasonic vocalization (USV) and gene expression to examine potential changes in communication and/or attachment in the offspring of mothers exposed to morphine during adolescence. Offspring of morphine-exposed (Mor-F1), saline-exposed (Sal-F1), or non-handled control (Con-F1) female Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for separation-induced distress calls and maternal potentiation of distress calls during early postnatal development. We also examined relative expression of dopamine D2 receptor and mu opioid receptor (oprm1) mRNA in the nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus in these offspring, as their activity has been implicated in the regulation of postnatal USV in response to maternal separation. The findings indicate that adolescent experiences of future mothers, including their 10 daily saline or morphine injections, can result in significant region-specific differences in gene expression. In addition, these experiences resulted in fewer numbers of separation-induced distress calls produced by offspring. In contrast, augmented maternal potentiation was only observed in Mor-F1 offspring. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:714-723, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Bodi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, 01536, MA
| | - Fair M Vassoler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, 01536, MA
| | - Elizabeth M Byrnes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, 01536, MA.
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7
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Homberg JR, Olivier JDA, VandenBroeke M, Youn J, Ellenbroek AK, Karel P, Shan L, van Boxtel R, Ooms S, Balemans M, Langedijk J, Muller M, Vriend G, Cools AR, Cuppen E, Ellenbroek BA. The role of the dopamine D1 receptor in social cognition: studies using a novel genetic rat model. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1147-1158. [PMID: 27483345 PMCID: PMC5087833 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Social cognition is an endophenotype that is impaired in schizophrenia and several other (comorbid) psychiatric disorders. One of the modulators of social cognition is dopamine, but its role is not clear. The effects of dopamine are mediated through dopamine receptors, including the dopamine D1 receptor (Drd1). Because current Drd1 receptor agonists are not Drd1 selective, pharmacological tools are not sufficient to delineate the role of the Drd1. Here, we describe a novel rat model with a genetic mutation in Drd1 in which we measured basic behavioural phenotypes and social cognition. The I116S mutation was predicted to render the receptor less stable. In line with this computational prediction, this Drd1 mutation led to a decreased transmembrane insertion of Drd1, whereas Drd1 expression, as measured by Drd1 mRNA levels, remained unaffected. Owing to decreased transmembrane Drd1 insertion, the mutant rats displayed normal basic motoric and neurological parameters, as well as locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviour. However, measures of social cognition like social interaction, scent marking, pup ultrasonic vocalizations and sociability, were strongly reduced in the mutant rats. This profile of the Drd1 mutant rat offers the field of neuroscience a novel genetic rat model to study a series of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism, depression, bipolar disorder and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jocelien D A Olivier
- Department of Neurobiology, Unit Behavioural Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Marie VandenBroeke
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6040, New Zealand
| | - Jiun Youn
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6040, New Zealand
| | - Arabella K Ellenbroek
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6040, New Zealand
| | - Peter Karel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ling Shan
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon Ooms
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Balemans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Langedijk
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mareike Muller
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Vriend
- CMBI, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander R Cools
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Bart A Ellenbroek
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6040, New Zealand
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Robison WT, Myers MM, Hofer MA, Shair HN, Welch MG. Prairie vole pups show potentiated isolation-induced vocalizations following isolation from their mother, but not their father. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 58:687-99. [PMID: 26990108 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vocalizations can be markers of emotional social communication. Maternal potentiation was originally described as an increased rate of vocalization by isolated rat pups following an interaction with their mothers, but not with other social companions. Here we asked if potentiation in prairie voles, a species with pair-bonding and bi-parental rearing, is parent-specific. We found that isolated, 8-11-day-old voles exhibited potentiation following reunions with the dam, but not the sire. These responses were present whether parents were anesthetized or active during the reunion. There were no significant correlations between parental behaviors during reunions and pup vocalization rates during re-isolation. The absence of potentiation to the sire contrasts to findings in bi-parentally reared rat pups, which do potentiate vocalizations to the sire. We interpret these results to be consistent with the idea that potentiation reflects disruption of mother-infant coregulation and is dependent upon the unique biology of mothering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:687-699, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Theodore Robison
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Michael M Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Unit 40, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY, 10032
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Myron A Hofer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Unit 40, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY, 10032
| | - Harry N Shair
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Unit 40, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY, 10032
| | - Martha G Welch
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032
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9
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Shair HN, Rupert DD, Rosko LM, Hofer MA, Myers MM, Welch MG. Effects of maternal deprivation and the duration of reunion time on rat pup ultrasonic vocalization responses to isolation: possible implications for human infant studies. Dev Psychobiol 2014; 57:63-72. [PMID: 25380197 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In a paradigm that may serve as a translational model for maternal separation experiences of human infants in neonatal intensive care units, we examined how the duration of reunion with the dam influenced the phenomenon of maternal potentiation of ultrasonic vocalizations, in which isolated rat pups increase rates of vocalization following brief interactions with dams. We report that maternal potentiation in 12-13 day-old rats did not occur after reunions with their anesthetized dam that lasted longer than 15-min. However, after 18 hr maternal separation, isolated pups given reunions with their anesthetized dam increased vocalization rate even with reunions as long as 3 hr. Using a split-cage apparatus that prevented physical contact, the impact of 18 hr separations on maternal potentiation was partially offset by experiencing olfactory and/or auditory stimuli of the mother. These results suggest that maintaining partial maternal sensory exposure during prolonged maternal separation can reduce responses elicited by subsequent maternal separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry N Shair
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032, NY; Departments of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 10032, NY
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10
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Shair HN. Parental potentiation of vocalization as a marker for filial bonds in infant animals. Dev Psychobiol 2014; 56:1689-97. [PMID: 24915803 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maternal and paternal potentiation of vocalization are two parts of a promising model of early life social bonds that has been and can be a useful tool in research. Most mammalian infants vocalize when isolated. Interactions with adult females just before isolation have been found to increase vocalizations in several species. Interactions with littermates and other social stimuli do not. In guinea pigs and pigs, the response is specific to the dam. In rats and octagon degus, an unrelated adult female from the colony is sufficient. The presence of an intact adult male in the test chamber with dam-reared pups evokes behavioral inhibition, a fear response. Previous exposure to the male in the home cage, biparental rearing, dramatically transforms the response of the pup. The pup treats the adult male as it does its dam, including potentiation of vocalization during a subsequent isolation. This article outlines the methods, advantages, and disadvantages of parental potentiation as a research tool, as well as a brief review of the evidence supporting its use as a marker for filial attachment. Future research directions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry N Shair
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032.
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11
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There is no sweet escape from social pain: Glucose does not attenuate the effects of ostracism. Physiol Behav 2014; 124:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lin RE, Ambler L, Billingslea EN, Suh J, Batheja S, Tatard-Leitman V, Featherstone RE, Siegel SJ. Electroencephalographic and early communicative abnormalities in Brattleboro rats. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00100. [PMID: 24303172 PMCID: PMC3841036 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reductions in the levels of the neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) and its receptors have been associated with schizophrenia. VP is also critical for appropriate social behaviors in humans as well as rodents. One of the prominent symptoms of schizophrenia is asociality and these symptoms may develop prodromally. A reduction in event-related potential (ERP) peak amplitudes is an endophenotype of schizophrenia. In this study, we use the Brattleboro (BRAT) rat to assess the role of VP deficiency in vocal communication during early development and on auditory ERPs during adulthood. BRAT rats had similar vocal communication to wild-type littermate controls during postnatal days 2 and 5 but the time between vocalizations was increased and the power of the vocalizations was reduced beginning at postnatal day 9. During adulthood, BRAT rats had deficits in auditory ERPs including reduced N40 amplitude and reduced low and high gamma intertrial coherence. These results suggest that the role of VP on vocal communication is an age-dependent process. Additionally, the deficits in ERPs indicate an impairment of auditory information processing related to the reduction in VP. Therefore, manipulation of the VP system could provide a novel mechanism for treatment for negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Forero A, Moore PS, Sarkar SN. Role of IRF4 in IFN-stimulated gene induction and maintenance of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency in primary effusion lymphoma cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1476-85. [PMID: 23804715 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 4 is a hematopoietic cell-specific transcription factor that regulates the maturation and differentiation of immune cells. Using an inducible expression system, we found that IRF4 directly induced a specific subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in a type I IFN-independent manner in both epithelial and B cell lines. Moreover, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) enhances IRF4-mediated gene induction. Coexpression of IRF4 with vFLIP significantly increased ISG60 (IFIT3) and Cig5 (RSAD2) transcription that was dependent on the ability of vFLIP to activate NF-κB. A vFLIP mutant (A57L) defective in NF-κB activation failed to enhance IRF4-mediated ISG induction. Thus, we provide a physiologically relevant mechanism by which viral protein-mediated NF-κB activation modulates specific ISG induction by IRF4. In contrast, IRF4 also acted as a negative regulator of KSHV replication and transcription activator expression after induction of KSHV lytic reactivation in KSHV-positive primary effusion lymphoma cells. Taken together, these results suggest a dual role for IRF4 in regulating ISG induction and KSHV lytic reactivation in primary effusion lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Forero
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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14
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Creighton A, Satterfield D, Chu J. Effects of dopamine agonists on calling behavior in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea. Physiol Behav 2013; 116-117:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Curry T, Egeto P, Wang H, Podnos A, Wasserman D, Yeomans J. Dopamine receptor D2 deficiency reduces mouse pup ultrasonic vocalizations and maternal responsiveness. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 12:397-404. [PMID: 23521753 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine signalling facilitates motivated behaviours, and the D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) is important in mother-infant interactions. D2R antagonists disrupt maternal behaviour and, in isolated rat pups, reduce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) that promote maternal interaction. Here, we examined the effects of genetic D2R signalling deficiency on pup-dam interaction with Drd2 knockout (D2R KO) mice. Using heterozygous (HET) cross littermates, the effect of pup genotype on isolation-induced USVs was quantified. Independent of parental genotype, D2R-deficient pups emitted fewer USVs than wild type (WT) littermates in a gene dose-dependent manner. Using reciprocal D2R KO-WT crosses, we examined how parental genotype affects pup USVs. Heterozygous pups from D2R KO dams produced fewer USVs than HET pups from WT dams. Also, exposure to USV-emitting pups increased plasma prolactin levels in WT dams but not in D2R KO dams, and KO dams showed delayed pup retrieval and nest building. These findings indicate the importance of the interaction between pup and dam genotypes on behaviour and further support the role of D2R signalling in maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Curry
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Abstract
Deficits in social and communication behaviors are common features of a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the molecular and cellular substrates of these higher order brain functions are not well understood. Here we report that specific alterations in social and communication behaviors in mice occur as a result of loss of the EPAC2 gene, which encodes a protein kinase A-independent cAMP target. Epac2-deficient mice exhibited robust deficits in social interactions and ultrasonic vocalizations, but displayed normal olfaction, working and reference memory, motor abilities, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors. Epac2-deficient mice displayed abnormal columnar organization in the anterior cingulate cortex, a region implicated in social behavior in humans, but not in somatosensory cortex. In vivo two-photon imaging revealed reduced dendritic spine motility and density on cortical neurons in Epac2-deficient mice, indicating deficits at the synaptic level. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the molecular and cellular substrates of social and communication behavior.
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Shair HN, Smith JA, Welch MG. Cutting the vagus nerve below the diaphragm prevents maternal potentiation of infant rat vocalization. Dev Psychobiol 2011; 54:70-6. [PMID: 21761404 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In maternal potentiation, the rate of vocalization by a young organism during isolation is greatly enhanced if that isolation has been immediately preceded by an interaction with the mother (or other adult female in the case of rats). The enhancement in isolation-induced vocalization rate does not occur if the young animal had an interaction with other social companions like littermates or with familiar inanimate stimuli like home cage shavings. The present study demonstrates that pups whose vagus nerve is cut below the diaphragm do not potentiate vocalization after an interaction with their dam. The vocalization rates of denervated pups in a first isolation, in the presence of the dam, and during cold exposure do not differ from control pups. Their non-vocal behaviors also appear unaffected by the surgery. Similar to what has been shown in studies of fever-induced behavioral changes, an intact vagus nerve from the gut is necessary for young rat pups to show normal social mediation of their isolation-induced vocal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry N Shair
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Zenko M, Zhu Y, Dremencov E, Ren W, Xu L, Zhang X. Requirement for the endocannabinoid system in social interaction impairment induced by coactivation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the piriform cortex. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1245-58. [PMID: 21557291 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine receptor family consists of D1-D5 receptors (D1R-D5R), and we explored the contributions of each dopamine receptor subtype in the piriform cortex (PirC) to social interaction impairment (SII). Rats received behavioral tests or electrophysiological recording of PirC neuronal activity after injection of the D1R/D5R agonist SKF38393, the D2R/D3R/D4R agonist quinpirole, or both, with or without pretreatment with dopamine receptor antagonists, D1R or D5R antisense oligonucleotides, the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM281, or the endocannabinoid transporter inhibitor VDM11. Systemic injection of SKF38393 and quinpirole together, but not each one alone, induced SII and increased PirC firing rate, which were blocked by D1R or D2R antagonist. Intra-PirC microinfusion of SKF38393 and quinpirole together, but not each one alone, also induced SII, which was blocked by D1R antisense oligonucleotides or D2R antagonist but not by D3R or D4R antagonist or D5R antisense oligonucleotides. SII induced by intra-PirC SKF38393/quinpirole was blocked by AM281 and enhanced by VDM11, whereas neither AM281 nor VDM11 alone affected social interaction behavior. Coadministration of SKF38393 and quinpirole produced anxiolytic effects without significant effects on locomotor activity, olfaction, and acquisition of olfactory short-term memory. These findings suggest that SII induced by coactivation of PirC D1R and D2R requires the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Zenko
- Institute of Mental Health Research and Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Rat pup social motivation: a critical component of early psychological development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1284-90. [PMID: 21251926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Examining the role of the offspring in early social dynamics is especially difficult. Human developmental psychology has found infant behavior to be a vital part of the early environmental setting. In the rodent model, the different ways that a rodent neonate or pup can influence social dynamics are not well known. Typically, litters of neonates or pups offer complex social interactions dominated by behavior seemingly initiated and maintained by the primary caregiver (e.g., the dam). Despite this strong role for the caregiver, the young most likely influence the litter dynamics in many powerful ways including communication signals, discrimination abilities and early approach behavior. Nelson and Panksepp (1996) developed a preference task to examine early rodent pup social motivation. We have used the same task to examine how variations in maternal care or different environmental perturbations could alter the rat pup preferences for social-related stimuli. Rat pups receiving low levels of maternal licking and grooming were impaired in maternal odor cue learning and emitted lower levels of 22kHz ultrasounds compared to pups from the high licking and grooming cohort. Prenatal stress or early exposure to a toxicant (polychlorinated biphenyl) altered early social preferences in the rat pup in different ways indicating that diverse strategies are expressed and specific to the type of perturbation exposure. A greater focus on the offspring motivation following early 'stressors' will allow for more complete understanding of the dynamics in behavior during early social development.
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Kosten TA, Kehoe P. Immediate and enduring effects of neonatal isolation on maternal behavior in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2010; 28:53-61. [PMID: 19782745 PMCID: PMC2815133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that neonatal isolation (1-hisolation/day from dam, litter, and nest on PND 2-9) facilitates cocaine self-administration and increases extracellular dopamine responses in ventral striatum after stimulant administration in adulthood. Recent studies suggest that enduring alterations in neurobehavioral responses associated with early life manipulations reflect changes in maternal behavior. Thus, we sought to determine if neonatal isolation alters maternal care and if dams with neonatal isolation experience as pups showed differential maternal care towards their pups. In Experiment 1, litters were assigned to one of three conditions: neonatal isolation, handled (5-min separation of dam from litter), or non-handled (no separation). Maternal behaviors were rated on PND 2-9 for 60-min immediately following reunion of mother and litter. In Experiment 2, female rats with or without neonatal isolation experience were assigned to either the neonatal isolation or non-handled litter condition and maternal behaviors rated. Dams of isolated and handled litters spent more time licking pups and less time picking up pups to put outside the nest than dams of non-handled litters. Further, dams of isolated and handled vs. non-handled litters showed less non-maternal behaviors of burrowing and grooming. Neonatal isolation-experienced dams with isolated litters failed to increase pup-licking and decrease non-maternal behaviors. Rather, these dams picked up pups to place outside the nest more than non-handled-experienced dams. Neonatal isolation alters maternal behavior that, in turn, may shape neurobehavioral responses of offspring including effects on maternal care. Such changes may reflect epigenetic effects resulting from changes in maternal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese A Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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Shair HN, Muller JM, Moore H. Dopamine's role in social modulation of infant isolation-induced vocalization: I. Reunion responses to the dam, but not littermates, are dopamine dependent. Dev Psychobiol 2009; 51:131-46. [PMID: 19006095 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rat pups' vocalization during social separation and the cessation of vocalization upon social reunion (contact quieting) model early life affiliative relationships. The present study examined the roles of dopamine (DA) receptors in regulating contact quieting. Contact quieting to the dam, but not to littermates, was disrupted by either blockade or exogenous stimulation of DA D1-like receptors. The D2 antagonist raclopride also prevented the quieting effect of reunion with the dam and had a lesser effect on the quieting properties of littermates. In contrast, the D2 agonist quinpirole permitted or enhanced contact quieting. Combined systemic and local striatal administration of D2 ligands showed that stimulation of striatal D2 receptors can enhance, but is not necessary for, contact quieting to the dam. These results are consistent with the literature linking the neural mechanisms of affiliation and reinforcement. This is also the first demonstration that the neurochemical substrates of an infant comfort response to dams differ from a behaviorally similar response to siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry N Shair
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY 10032, USA.
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