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Guan M, Wu L, Cheng Y, Qi D, Chen J, Song H, Hu H, Wan Q. Defining the threshold: triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio's non-linear impact on tubular atrophy in primary membranous nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1322646. [PMID: 38327562 PMCID: PMC10847559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1322646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia is common in primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) patients, and tubular atrophy (TA) is an unfavorable prognostic factor. However, the correlation between the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and TA is controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and TA in PMN patients. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected data from 363 PMN patients at Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from January 2008 to April 2023. The primary objective was to evaluate the independent correlation between the TG/HDL-C ratio and TA using binary logistic regression model. We used a generalized additive model along with smooth curve fitting and multiple sensitivity analyses to explore the relationship between these variables. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to delve deeper into the results. Results Of the 363 PMN patients, 75 had TA (20.66%). The study population had a mean age of 46.598 ± 14.462 years, with 217 (59.78%) being male. After adjusting for sex, age, BMI, hypertension, history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, UPRO, eGFR, HB, FPG, and ALB, we found that the TG/HDL-C ratio was an independent risk factor for TA in PMN patients (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.61, P=0.0213). A non-linear correlation was observed between the TG/HDL-C ratio and TA, with an inflection point at 4.25. The odds ratios (OR) on the left and right sides of this inflection point were 1.56 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.07) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.04, 1.54), respectively. Sensitivity analysis confirmed these results. Subgroup analysis showed a consistent association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and TA, implying that factors such as gender, BMI, age, UPRO, ALB, hypertension and severe nephrotic syndrome had negligible effects on the link between the TG/HDL-C ratio and TA. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a non-linear positive correlation between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the risk of TA in PMN patients, independent of other factors. Specifically, the association is more pronounced when the ratio falls below 4.25. Based on our findings, it would be advisable to decrease the TG/HDL-C ratio below the inflection point in PMN patients as part of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijie Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongli Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qijun Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Vrbjar N, Jasenovec T, Kollarova M, Snurikova D, Chomova M, Radosinska D, Shawkatova I, Tothova L, Radosinska J. Na,K-ATPase Kinetics and Oxidative Stress in Kidneys of Zucker Diabetic Fatty (fa/fa) Rats Depending on the Diabetes Severity-Comparison with Lean (fa/+) and Wistar Rats. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101519. [PMID: 36290422 PMCID: PMC9598139 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For a better insight into relations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Na,K-ATPase properties in kidneys, we aimed to characterize two subgroups of ZDF obese (fa/fa) rats, with more and less developed T2DM, and compare them with two controls: lean (fa/+) and Wistar. Na,K-ATPase enzyme kinetics were estimated by measuring the ATP hydrolysis in the range of NaCl and ATP levels. As Na,K-ATPase is sensitive to oxidative stress, we evaluated selected oxidative stress parameters in kidney homogenates. Our results suggest that thiol-disulfide redox balance in the renal medulla and Na,K-ATPase properties in the renal cortex differ between both controls, while observed measurements in lean (fa/+) rats showed deviation towards the values observed in ZDF (fa/fa) rats. In comparison with both controls, Na,K-ATPase enzyme activity was higher in the renal cortex of ZDF rats independent of diabetes severity. This might be a consequence of increased glucose load in tubular fluid. The increase in lipid peroxidation observed in the renal cortex of ZDF rats was not associated with Na,K-ATPase activity impairment. Regarding the differences between subgroups of ZDF animals, well-developed T2DM (glycemia higher than 10 mmol/L) was associated with a higher ability of Na,K-ATPase to utilize the ATP energy substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Vrbjar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Jasenovec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Kollarova
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Premedix Academy, Medená 18, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Snurikova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Chomova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Radosinska
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Shawkatova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomira Tothova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Radosinska
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-90119526
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Dong L, Li YQ, Guo SM, Xu G, Wei W, Han M. Hypercholesterolemia Correlates With Glomerular Phospholipase A2 Receptor Deposit and Serum Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibody and Predicts Proteinuria Outcome in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905930. [PMID: 35784308 PMCID: PMC9248763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody is a non-invasive diagnostic tool and prognosis predictor of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). Baseline hypercholesterolemia independently predicts proteinuria outcomes in IMN patients. Thus, we investigated whether hyperlipidemia is correlated with anti-PLA2R and pathological indicators. Methods A total of 495 IMN patients identified by kidney biopsy in Wuhan Tongji Hospital, China, from January 2016 through December 2020 were enrolled in this study. Data on clinical features, pathology findings, and outcomes were collected. Results Total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were positively related to proteinuria, indicating damage to the renal glomerulus [Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.432, 0.462, 0.315, and 0.289, respectively, P < 0.001 for all]. In univariate logistic regression, low HDL-C [odds ratio (OR): 0.856; 95% CI: 0.778–0.939; P = 0.001] and high TG [OR: 1.025; 95% CI: 1.006–1.044; P = 0.011] were correlated with tubular atrophy, suggesting lesions on tubules. Increased TC [adjusted OR: 1.285; 95% CI: 1.119–1.475; P < 0.001], non-HDL-C [adjusted OR: 1.284; 95% CI: 1.113–1.482; P = 0.001], and LDL-C [adjusted OR: 1.178; 95% CI: 1.009–1.376; P = 0.039] independently predicted glomerular PLA2R deposit; similar results were observed for lipids in predicting the seropositivity of anti-PLA2R antibodies. After treatment, increased HDL-C [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.764; 95% CI: 1.241–2.507; P = 0.002] and decreased non-HDL-C [adjusted HR: 0.884; 95% CI: 0.795–0.983; P = 0.022] independently predicted proteinuria remission. Conclusion Hypercholesterolemia is a potentially useful biomarker for disease severity, serum anti-PLA2R antibody, glomerular PLA2R deposit, and proteinuria outcome of IMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue-Qiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shui-Ming Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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da Silva MM, Gomes MFP, de Moura EDOC, Veras MM, Kubota MC, Takano AP, dos Santos ACC, José CGDR, Souza GADS, Cardoso NM, Estadella D, Lambertucci RH, Medeiros A. Aerobic exercise training combined or not with okra consumption as a strategy to prevent kidney changes caused by metabolic syndrome in Zucker rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269418. [PMID: 35657982 PMCID: PMC9165804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complications of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) include kidney disease, and most dialysis patients are diagnosed with MetS. The benefit of exercise training (ET) for MetS treatment is already well defined in the literature, but the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic benefits of okra (O) have been discovered only recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of O and/or ET supplementation on renal function and histology; serum urea and creatinine value; inflammation (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) and oxidative stress in renal tissue. For this, 32 Zucker rats (fa/fa) were randomly separated into four groups of 8 animals each: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), MetS + Okra (MetS + O), MetS + Exercise Training (MetS + ET), and MetS + Exercise Training and Okra (MetS + ET + O), and 8 Zucker lean (fa/+) rats comprised the Control group (CTL). Okra was administered by orogastric gavage 2x/day (morning and night, 100 mg/kg) and ET performed on the treadmill, at moderate intensity, 1h/day, 5x/week for 6 weeks. Although the renal function was not altered, the animals with MetS showed greater fibrotic deposition accompanied by a worse stage of renal injury, in addition to increased kidney weight. Although all interventions were beneficial in reducing fibrosis, only ET combined with O was able to improve the degree of renal tissue impairment. ET improved the anti-inflammatory status and reduced nitrite levels, but the combination of ET and O was more beneficial as regards catalase activity. Okra consumption alone did not promote changes in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the kidney. In conclusion, ET combined or not with O seems to be beneficial in preventing the progression of renal disease when renal function is not yet altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Marques da Silva
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratory of Environmental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo - School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melina Chiemi Kubota
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Takano
- Laboratory of Environmental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo - School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Naiara Magalhães Cardoso
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
- Biosciences Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Rafael Herling Lambertucci
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
- Biosciences Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Medeiros
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
- Biosciences Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Animal models of diabetic microvascular complications: Relevance to clinical features. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112305. [PMID: 34872802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become more common in recent years worldwide, and this growth is projected to continue in the future. The primary concern with diabetes is developing various complications, which significantly contribute to the disease's mortality and morbidity. Over time, the condition progresses from the pre-diabetic to the diabetic stage and then to the development of complications. Years and enormous resources are required to evaluate pharmacological interventions to prevent or delay the progression of disease or complications in humans. Appropriate screening models are required to gain a better understanding of both pathogenesis and potential therapeutic agents. Different species of animals are used to evaluate the pharmacological potentials and study the pathogenesis of the disease. Animal models are essential for research because they represent most of the structural, functional, and biochemical characteristics of human diseases. An ideal screening model should mimic the pathogenesis of the disease with identifiable characteristics. A thorough understanding of animal models is required for the experimental design to select an appropriate model. Each animal model has certain advantages and limitations. The present manuscript describes the animal models and their diagnostic characteristics to evaluate microvascular diabetic complications.
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Use of the ZDF rat to model dietary fat induced hypercoagulability is limited by progressive and fatal nephropathy. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 107:106933. [PMID: 33122074 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats are used widely as an animal model of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Our study focused on the effects of high versus low dietary fat on the development of Type 2 diabetes in obese male ZDF rats (fa/fa), including biomarkers to detect early signs of hypercoagulability and vascular injury in the absence of overt thrombosis. METHODS In this study, male (5/group) 10-week-old CRL:ZDF370(obese) rats were fed low (LFD, 16.7% fat) or high fat (HFD, 60% fat) diet for 12 or 15 weeks. Cohorts of 5 rats within diet groups were scheduled for sample collection after weeks 12 and 15. RESULTS HFD-fed ZDF rats had oily coats, lower rates of food consumption, more accelerated weight gain and increased serum cholesterol (+15%) and triglyceride concentrations (+75%) vs. LFD-fed ZDF rats. Urinary ketones were observed only in HFD-fed ZDF rats and greater urine glucose and protein concentrations in HFD-fed ZDF vs. LFD-fed ZDF rats were seen. Hemostasis testing showed ~2-fold greater fibrinogen concentration, increased von Willebrand factor concentration, and high thrombin generation in HFD-fed ZDF vs LFD-fed ZDF rats. Increased mortality in the HFD-fed ZDF rat was attributed to exacerbations of altered carbohydrate metabolism as evidenced by ketonuria and nephropathy leading to renal failure. DISCUSSION This characterization shows that the ZDF rat at the age, sex and weight used in this study is highly sensitive to dietary fat content that can exacerbate prothrombotic, metabolic and renal disturbances and increase mortality.
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Zhao R, Wang J, Qin L, Zhang X, Mei Y. Stevioside improved hyperglycemia-induced cardiac dysfunction by attenuating the development of fibrosis and promoting the degradation of established fibrosis. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Toba H, Lindsey ML. Extracellular matrix roles in cardiorenal fibrosis: Potential therapeutic targets for CVD and CKD in the elderly. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:99-120. [PMID: 30149103 PMCID: PMC6309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are age-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), aging alone is an independent risk factor. With advancing age, the heart and kidney gradually but significantly undergo inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, which eventually results in an irreversible decline in organ physiology. Through cardiorenal network interactions, cardiac dysfunction leads to and responds to renal injury, and both facilitate aging effects. Thus, a comprehensive strategy is needed to evaluate the cardiorenal aging network. Common hallmarks shared across systems include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, along with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-9. The wide range of MMP-9 substrates, including ECM components and inflammatory cytokines, implicates MMP-9 in a variety of pathological and age-related processes. In particular, there is strong evidence that inflammatory cell-derived MMP-9 exacerbates cardiorenal aging. This review explores the potential therapeutic targets against CVD and CKD in the elderly, focusing on ECM and MMP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Coentro JQ, Capella-Monsonís H, Graceffa V, Wu Z, Mullen AM, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. Collagen Quantification in Tissue Specimens. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1627:341-350. [PMID: 28836212 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the major extracellular protein in mammals. Accurate quantification of collagen is essential in the biomaterials (e.g., reproducible collagen scaffold fabrication), drug discovery (e.g., assessment of collagen in pathophysiologies, such as fibrosis), and tissue engineering (e.g., quantification of cell-synthesized collagen) fields. Although measuring hydroxyproline content is the most widely used method to quantify collagen in biological specimens, the process is very laborious. To this end, the Sircol™ Collagen Assay is widely used due to its inherent simplicity and convenience. However, this method leads to overestimation of collagen content due to the interaction of Sirius red with basic amino acids of non-collagenous proteins. Herein, we describe the addition of an ultrafiltration purification step in the process to accurately determine collagen content in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Quintas Coentro
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Héctor Capella-Monsonís
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Valeria Graceffa
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Zhuning Wu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Michael Raghunath
- Centre for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Kaur R, Sodhi RK, Aggarwal N, Kaur J, Jain UK. Renoprotective effect of lansoprazole in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:73-85. [PMID: 26475618 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have exhibited glucose lowering action in animal models of diabetes; however, their potential in diabetes-related complications has not yet been evaluated. Hence, the present study has been undertaken to investigate the renoprotective potential of lansoprazole in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Diabetic nephropathy was induced with a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg, i.p.). Lansoprazole (40 mg/kg; 80 mg/kg, p.o.; 4 weeks) was administered to diabetic rats after 4 weeks of STZ treatment. A battery of biochemical tests such as serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, albumin, and kidney weight/body weight (%) ratio were performed to evaluate the renal functions. Oxidative stress was determined by estimating renal thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Lipid profile was assessed by determining serum cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The STZ-treated rats demonstrated deleterious alterations in kidney functions, enhanced oxidative stress, and disturbed lipid profile. Administration of lansoprazole to diabetic rats significantly reduced serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, BUN, creatinine, albumin levels, and oxidative stress. Serum lipids like TC and TG were decreased, and HDL was enhanced in lansoprazole-treated STZ rats. The findings of our study indicate that renoprotective effects of lansoprazole may be attributed to its glucose-lowering, lipid-lowering, and antioxidative potential.
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Yang M, Liu C, Jiang J, Zuo G, Lin X, Yamahara J, Wang J, Li Y. Ginger extract diminishes chronic fructose consumption-induced kidney injury through suppression of renal overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:174. [PMID: 24885946 PMCID: PMC4047007 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Renal inflammation is well known to play an important role in the initiation and progression of tubulointerstitial injury of the kidneys. Ginger, one of the most commonly used spices and medicinal plants, has been demonstrated to improve diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. However, the efficacy of ginger on the metabolic syndrome-associated kidney injury remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ginger on fructose consumption-induced adverse effects in the kidneys. METHODS The fructose control rats were treated with 10% fructose in drinking water over 5 weeks. The fructose consumption in ginger-treated rats was adjusted to match that of fructose control group. The ethanolic extract of ginger was co-administered (once daily by oral gavage). The indexes of lipid and glucose homeostasis were determined enzymatically, by ELISA and/or histologically. Gene expression was analyzed by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS In addition to improve hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, supplement with ginger extract (50 mg/kg) attenuated liquid fructose-induced kidney injury as characterized by focal cast formation, slough and dilation of tubular epithelial cells in the cortex of the kidneys in rats. Furthermore, ginger also diminished excessive renal interstitial collagen deposit. By Real-Time PCR, renal gene expression profiles revealed that ginger suppressed fructose-stimulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and its receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-2. In accord, overexpression of two important macrophage accumulation markers CD68 and F4/80 was downregulated. Moreover, overexpressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-beta1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 were downregulated. Ginger treatment also restored the downregulated ratio of urokinase-type plasminogen activator to PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that ginger supplement diminishes fructose-induced kidney injury through suppression of renal overexpression of macrophage-associated proinflammatory cytokines in rats. Our findings provide evidence supporting the protective effect of ginger on the metabolic syndrome-associated kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Changjin Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Guowei Zuo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | | | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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Kong LL, Wu H, Cui WP, Zhou WH, Luo P, Sun J, Yuan H, Miao LN. Advances in murine models of diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:797548. [PMID: 23844375 PMCID: PMC3697778 DOI: 10.1155/2013/797548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which is also associated with a poor life expectancy of diabetic patients. However, the pathogenesis of DN is still unclear. Thus, it is of great use to establish appropriate animal models of DN for doing research on pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Although a large number of murine models of DN including artificially induced, spontaneous, and genetically engineered (knockout and transgenic) animal models have been developed, none of them develops renal changes sufficiently reflecting those seen in humans. Here we review the identified murine models of DN from the aspects of genetic background, type of diabetes, method of induction, gene deficiency, animal age and gender, kidney histopathology, and phenotypic alterations in the hope of enhancing our comprehension of genetic susceptibility and molecular mechanisms responsible for this disease and providing new clues as to how to choose appropriate animal models of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Kong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wen-peng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wen-hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Li-ning Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
- *Li-ning Miao:
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Zhang DM, Li YC, Xu D, Ding XQ, Kong LD. Protection of curcumin against fructose-induced hyperuricaemia and renal endothelial dysfunction involves NO-mediated JAK–STAT signalling in rats. Food Chem 2012; 134:2184-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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He L, Qi Y, Rong X, Jiang J, Yang Q, Yamahara J, Murray M, Li Y. The Ayurvedic Medicine Salacia oblonga Attenuates Diabetic Renal Fibrosis in Rats: Suppression of Angiotensin II/AT1 Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:807451. [PMID: 19706694 PMCID: PMC3137643 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In human diabetic nephropathy, the extent of tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease; fibrosis is closely correlated with renal dysfunction. Although a wide array of medicinal plants play a role in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, there are few reports of the application of herbal medicines in amelioration of renal fibrosis, or the underlying mechanisms by which such benefits are mediated. The efficacy of the Ayurvedic antidiabetic medicine Salacia oblonga (SO) root on rat renal fibrosis was investigated. An aqueous extract from SO (100 mg/kg, p.o., 6 weeks) diminished renal glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, as revealed by van Giesen-staining. SO also reduced renal salt-soluble, acid-soluble and salt-insoluble collagen contents. These changes were accompanied by normalization of hypoalbuminemia and BUN. Gene profiling revealed that the increase in transcripts encoding the glomerulosclerotic mediators collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 observed in ZDF rat kidney was suppressed by SO. In rat-derived mesangial cells, similar to the effect of the AT1 antagonist telmisartan, SO and its major component mangiferin suppressed the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on proliferation and increased mRNA expression and/or activities of collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, AT1, TGF-β1 and PAI-1. Considered together the present findings demonstrate that SO attenuates diabetic renal fibrosis, at least in part by suppressing anigiotensin II/AT1 signaling. Further, it now emerges that mangiferin is an effective antifibrogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birminham, 35294-3360, USA
| | | | - Michael Murray
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuhao Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Amin KA, Kamel HH, Abd Eltawab MA. Protective effect of Garcinia against renal oxidative stress and biomarkers induced by high fat and sucrose diet. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:6. [PMID: 21235803 PMCID: PMC3034692 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity became major health problem in the world, the objective of this work was to examine the effect of high sucrose and high fat diet to induce obesity on antioxidant defense system, biochemical changes in blood and tissue of control, non treated and treated groups by administration of Garcinia cambogia, and explore the mechanisms that link obesity with altered renal function. METHODS Rats were fed a standard control diet for 12 week (wk) or a diet containing 65% high sucrose (HSD) or 35% fat (HFD) for 8 wk and then HFD group divided into two groups for the following 4 wks. One group was given Garcinia+HFD, the second only high fat, Also the HSD divided into two groups, 1st HSD+Garcinia and 2nd HSD. Blood and renal, mesenteric, Perirenal and epididymal adipose tissues were collected for biochemical assays. RESULTS HFD and HSD groups of rats showed a significant increase in feed intake, Body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI). Also there were significant increases in weights of mesenteric, Perirenal and epididymal adipose tissues in HFD and HSD groups.HFD and HSD affect the kidney by increasing serum urea and creatinine levels and decreased level of nitric oxide (NO) and increased blood glucose, low density lipoproteins (LDL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities were significantly decreased in HFD while there were significant increases in HSD and HSD+G groups p ≤ 0.05 compared with control. Moreover, renal catalase activities and MDA levels were significantly increased while NO level was lowered. These changes improved by Garcinia that decreased the oxidative stress biomarkers and increased NO level.There were significant positive correlations among BMI, kidney functions (Creatinine and urea), TG and Oxidative markers (renal MDA and catalase). CONCLUSIONS Rats fed a diet with HFD or HSD showed, hypertriglyceridemia, increased LDL production, increased oxidative stress and renal alteration. Moreover, suggesting association between lipid peroxidation, obesity and nephropathy, while Garcinia ameliorated the damaging effects of the HFD or HSD and decreased feed intake, MDA level and decreased oxidative stress in renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal A Amin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Vete, Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Singh K, Singh T, Sharma PL. Angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor axis activation ameliorates the changes in fatty acid composition in diabetic rats with nephropathy. J Exp Pharmacol 2010; 2:163-8. [PMID: 27186102 PMCID: PMC4863298 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is often associated with altered fatty acids composition. This study was designed to investigate the role of angiotensin (Ang) (1-7)/Mas receptor in improving fatty acids composition in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats. Rats treated with STZ (50 mg/kg, i.p. once) developed DN after 8 weeks. Fatty acid composition was estimated in renal cortical tissue by gas chromatography. Treatment with Ang (1-7), A-779, and Ang (1-7) plus A-779 was given from week 4 to week 8. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant increase in levels of saturated fatty acids and a significant decrease in levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Treatment with Ang (1-7) significantly attenuated these diabetes-induced changes. In diabetic rats, prior administration of A-779 significantly attenuated the increase in PUFAs produced by Ang (1-7); however, for saturated fatty acids, A-779 significantly blocked the decrease in palmitic acid only. Our study, for the first time, documented that endogenous Ang (1-7) modulates fatty acid composition in rats. Further, treatment with Ang (1-7) significantly attenuated diabetes-induced changes in fatty acids composition. This may be an additional mechanism implying the renoprotective role of Ang (1-7) in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulwinder Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga India
| | - Tajinder Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga India
| | - PL Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga India
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Toblli JE, Cao G, Giani JF, Angerosa M, Dominici FP, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. Antifibrotic effects of pioglitazone at low doses on the diabetic rat kidney are associated with the improvement of markers of cell turnover, tubular and endothelial integrity, and angiogenesis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2010; 34:20-33. [PMID: 21071958 PMCID: PMC3068565 DOI: 10.1159/000320380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Pioglitazone and other thiazolidinediones are renoprotective in diabetic nephropathy at doses that normalize glycemia, presumably as a consequence of glycemic control. However, low doses of pioglitazone that did not normalize glycemia in rat models of type 2 diabetes prevented tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis through counteracting inflammation, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and fibrosis. The current work tested whether this low-dose treatment also reduces other fibrosis and inflammation factors in the diabetic kidney and prevents tubular cell loss, endothelial damage, and abnormal angiogenesis. METHODS ZDF fa/fa rats (ZDF) were fed for 4 months chow with 0.001% pioglitazone, and the untreated ZDF and the non-diabetic lean Zucker rats (LZR) received regular chow. Proteinuria, creatinine clearance, blood pressure, and renal quantitative histopathology markers were determined. RESULTS Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia >250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-α, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction). CONCLUSION This supports mechanisms for the renoprotective effects of pioglitazone in diabetes additional to glycemic control.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antifibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology
- Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules/cytology
- Kidney Tubules/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules/metabolism
- Male
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology
- Pioglitazone
- Rats
- Rats, Zucker
- Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology
- Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Toblli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cao
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge F. Giani
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Angerosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando P. Dominici
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nestor F. Gonzalez-Cadavid
- Urology Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Calif., USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, Calif., USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, Calif., USA
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Toblli JE, Ferrini MG, Cao G, Vernet D, Angerosa M, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. Antifibrotic effects of pioglitazone on the kidney in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:2384-91. [PMID: 19297362 PMCID: PMC2727296 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that treatment of type 2 diabetes with thiazolidinediones [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists], ameliorates glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the rat kidney. In the current work, we have investigated whether these drugs, and specifically pioglitazone (PGT), act by preventing fibrosis and kidney dysfunction mainly through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, independently of glycaemic control. METHODS Male 2- to 3-month-old obese Zucker fa/fa (OZR) and ZDF fa/fa rats (ZDFR), and their control the lean Zucker rat (LZR), were used. Diabetic rats were given either a low dose (0.6 mg/kg/day) or a high dose (12 mg/ kg/day) of PGT in the chow for 2 or 4-5 months. Glycaemia, blood pressure, creatinine clearance and proteinuria were determined, and the underlying histopathology was defined with markers of fibrosis, glomerular damage, oxidative stress and inflammation by immunohistochemistry/ quantitative image analysis in tissue sections, and western blots and ad hoc assays in fresh tissue. RESULTS PGT at low doses given for 4-5 months considerably reduced blood pressure, proteinuria and creatinine clearance. This was associated with amelioration of renal tissue damage and fibrosis, evidenced by the glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and podocyte injury indexes, and of oxidative stress and inflammation, as shown by the decrease in the respective markers, although glycaemia remained high and obesity was not affected. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that low doses of PGT ameliorate renal fibrosis and preserve renal function in this animal model of metabolic syndrome, independently of glycaemic control or effects on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Toblli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Gabriel Cao
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Margarita Angerosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Xu KZY, Zhu C, Kim MS, Yamahara J, Li Y. Pomegranate flower ameliorates fatty liver in an animal model of type 2 diabetes and obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 123:280-287. [PMID: 19429373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Fatty liver is the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests. We investigated the effect and its underlying mechanism of pomegranate flower (PGF), a traditional antidiabetic medicine, on fatty liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the endpoint of treatment of male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with PGF extract (500 mg/kg, p.o. x 6 weeks), liver weight index, hepatic lipid contents (enzymatic colorimetric methods) and droplet accumulation (Oil Red O staining) were determined. Gene profiles (RT-PCR) were analyzed in the liver of ZDF rats and in human liver-derived HepG2 cell line. RESULTS PGF-treated ZDF rats showed reduced ratio of liver weight to tibia length, hepatic triglyceride contents and lipid droplets. These effects were accompanied by enhanced hepatic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), and reduced stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1. In contrast, PGF showed minimal effects on expression of genes responsible for synthesis, hydrolysis or uptake of fatty acid and triglycerides. PGF treatment also increased PPAR-alpha and ACO mRNA levels in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that this Unani medicine ameliorates diabetes and obesity-associated fatty liver, at least in part, by activating hepatic expression of genes responsible for fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhe-Yang Xu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:i-xii. [PMID: 19405078 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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