1
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Tzung KW, Lalonde RL, Prummel KD, Mahabaleshwar H, Moran HR, Stundl J, Cass AN, Le Y, Lea R, Dorey K, Tomecka MJ, Zhang C, Brombacher EC, White WT, Roehl HH, Tulenko FJ, Winkler C, Currie PD, Amaya E, Davis MC, Bronner ME, Mosimann C, Carney TJ. A median fin derived from the lateral plate mesoderm and the origin of paired fins. Nature 2023; 618:543-549. [PMID: 37225983 PMCID: PMC10266977 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of paired appendages was a key innovation during evolution and facilitated the aquatic to terrestrial transition of vertebrates. Largely derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), one hypothesis for the evolution of paired fins invokes derivation from unpaired median fins via a pair of lateral fin folds located between pectoral and pelvic fin territories1. Whilst unpaired and paired fins exhibit similar structural and molecular characteristics, no definitive evidence exists for paired lateral fin folds in larvae or adults of any extant or extinct species. As unpaired fin core components are regarded as exclusively derived from paraxial mesoderm, any transition presumes both co-option of a fin developmental programme to the LPM and bilateral duplication2. Here, we identify that the larval zebrafish unpaired pre-anal fin fold (PAFF) is derived from the LPM and thus may represent a developmental intermediate between median and paired fins. We trace the contribution of LPM to the PAFF in both cyclostomes and gnathostomes, supporting the notion that this is an ancient trait of vertebrates. Finally, we observe that the PAFF can be bifurcated by increasing bone morphogenetic protein signalling, generating LPM-derived paired fin folds. Our work provides evidence that lateral fin folds may have existed as embryonic anlage for elaboration to paired fins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keh-Weei Tzung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert L Lalonde
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karin D Prummel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah R Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jan Stundl
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda N Cass
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Yao Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Lea
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karel Dorey
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Monika J Tomecka
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eline C Brombacher
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William T White
- CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, Australia National Fish Collection, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Henry H Roehl
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Frank J Tulenko
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcus C Davis
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tom J Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Kamal NAMA, Abdulmalek E, Fakurazi S, Cordova KE, Abdul Rahman MB. Dissolution and Biological Assessment of Cancer-Targeting Nano-ZIF-8 in Zebrafish Embryos. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2445-2454. [PMID: 35583465 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-targeting nanotherapeutics offer promising opportunities for selective delivery of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics to cancer cells. However, the understanding of dissolution behavior and safety profiles of such nanotherapeutics is scarce. In this study, we report the dissolution profile of a cancer-targeting nanotherapeutic, gemcitabine (GEM) encapsulated within RGD-functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8), in dissolution media having pH = 6.0 and 7.4. GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8 was not only responsive in acidic media (pH = 6.0) but also able to sustain the dissolution rate (57.6%) after 48 h compared to non-targeting nanotherapeutic GEM⊂nZIF-8 (76%). This was reflected by the f2 value of 36.1, which indicated a difference in the dissolution behaviors of GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8 and GEM⊂nZIF-8 in acidic media compared to those in neutral media (pH = 7.4). A dissolution kinetic study showed that the GEM release mechanism from GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8 followed the Higuchi model. In comparison to a non-targeting nanotherapeutic, the cancer-targeting nanotherapeutic exhibited an enhanced permeability rate in healthy zebrafish embryos but did not induce lethality to 50% of the embryos (LC50 > 250 μg mL-1) with significantly improved survivability (75%) after 96 h of incubation. Monitoring malformation showed minimal adverse effects with only 8.3% of edema at 62.5 μg mL-1. This study indicates that cancer-targeting GEM⊂RGD@nZIF, with its pH-responsive behavior for sustaining chemotherapeutic dissolution in a physiologically relevant environment and its non-toxicity toward the healthy embryos within the tested concentrations, has considerable potential for use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akmarina Mohd Abdul Kamal
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Emilia Abdulmalek
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kyle E Cordova
- Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Materials Discovery Research Unit, Advanced Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Sun G, Guillon E, Holley SA. Integrin intra-heterodimer affinity inversely correlates with integrin activatability. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109230. [PMID: 34107244 PMCID: PMC8227800 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors composed of an α and β subunit that mediate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin. We previously studied integrin α5β1 activation during zebrafish somitogenesis, and in the present study, we characterize the integrin αV fibronectin receptors. Integrins are activated via a conformational change, and we perform single-molecule biophysical measurements of both integrin activation via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and integrin intra-heterodimer stability via fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) in living embryos. We find that integrin heterodimers that exhibit robust cell surface expression, including αVβ3, αVβ5, and αVβ6, are never activated in this in vivo context, even in the presence of fibronectin matrix. In contrast, activatable integrins, such as integrin αVβ1, and alleles of αVβ3, αVβ5, αVβ6 that are biased to the active conformation exhibit poor cell surface expression and have a higher intra-heterodimer dissociation constant (KD). These observations suggest that a weak integrin intra-heterodimer affinity decreases integrin cell surface stability and increases integrin activatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Sun
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 260 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emilie Guillon
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 260 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Scott A Holley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 260 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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4
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Sharma V, Rastogi S, Kumar Bhati K, Srinivasan A, Roychoudhury A, Nikolajeff F, Kumar S. Mapping the Inorganic and Proteomic Differences among Different Types of Human Teeth: A Preliminary Compositional Insight. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1540. [PMID: 33187273 PMCID: PMC7697572 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies on mineralized tissues are becoming increasingly popular not only due to the diverse mechanophysical properties of such materials but also because of the growing need to understand the intricate mechanism involved in their assembly and formation. The biochemical mechanism that results in the formation of such hierarchical structures through a well-coordinated accumulation of inorganic and organic components is termed biomineralization. Some prime examples of such tissues in the human body are teeth and bones. Our current study is an attempt to dissect the compositional details of the inorganic and organic components in four major types of human teeth using mass spectrometry-based approaches. We quantified inorganic materials using inductively coupled plasma resonance mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Differential level of ten different elements, Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Potassium (K), Sulphur (S), Cobalt (Co), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Aluminum (Al), and Copper (Cu) were quantified across different teeth types. The qualitative and quantitative details of their respective proteomic milieu revealed compositional differences. We found 152 proteins in total tooth protein extract. Differential abundance of proteins in different teeth types were also noted. Further, we were able to find out some significant protein-protein interaction (PPI) backbone through the STRING database. Since this is the first study analyzing the differential details of inorganic and organic counterparts within teeth, this report will pave new directions to the compositional understanding and development of novel in-vitro repair strategies for such biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sharma
- Departement of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Simran Rastogi
- Departement of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Kaushal Kumar Bhati
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Alagiri Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Ajoy Roychoudhury
- Centre for Dental Education and Research (CDER), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Fredrik Nikolajeff
- Department of Health Sciences, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden;
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Departement of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
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5
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Sadier A, Jackman WR, Laudet V, Gibert Y. The Vertebrate Tooth Row: Is It Initiated by a Single Organizing Tooth? Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900229. [PMID: 32347985 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are one of the most fascinating innovations of vertebrates. Their diversity of shape, size, location, and number in vertebrates is astonishing. If the molecular mechanisms underlying the morphogenesis of individual teeth are now relatively well understood, thanks to the detailed experimental work that has been performed in model organisms (mainly mouse and zebrafish), the mechanisms that control the organization of the dentition are still a mystery. Mammals display simplified dentitions when compared to other vertebrates with only a single tooth row positioned in the anterior part of the mouth, whereas other vertebrates exhibit tooth rows in many locations. As proposed 60 years ago, tooth rows can be formed sequentially from an initiator tooth. Recent results in zebrafish have now largely confirmed this hypothesis. Here this observation is generalized upon and it is suggested that in most vertebrates tooth rows could form sequentially from a single initiator tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université Paris, 1, avenue Pierre Fabre, Banyuls-sur-Mer, 66650, France
| | - Yann Gibert
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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6
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Gibert Y, Samarut E, Ellis MK, Jackman WR, Laudet V. The first formed tooth serves as a signalling centre to induce the formation of the dental row in zebrafish. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190401. [PMID: 31185860 PMCID: PMC6571473 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of teeth patterns in actinopterygians is impressive with tooth rows in many locations in the oral and pharyngeal regions. The first-formed tooth has been hypothesized to serve as an initiator controlling the formation of the subsequent teeth. In zebrafish, the existence of the first tooth (named 4 V1) is puzzling as its replacement is induced before the opening of the mouth. Functionally, it has been shown that 4 V1 formation requires fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and retinoic acid (RA) signalling. Here, we show that the ablation of 4 V1 prevents the development of the dental row demonstrating its dependency over it. If endogenous levels of FGF and RA are restored after 4 V1 ablation, embryonic dentition starts again by de novo formation of a first tooth, followed by the dental row. Similarly, induction of anterior ectopic teeth induces subsequent tooth formation, demonstrating that the initiator tooth is necessary and sufficient for dental row formation, probably via FGF ligands released by 4 V1 to induce the formation of subsequent teeth. Our results show that by modifying the formation of the initiator tooth it is possible to control the formation of a dental row. This could help to explain the diversity of tooth patterns observed in actinopterygians and more broadly, how diverse traits evolved through molecular fine-tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gibert
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin School of Medicine, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Eric Samarut
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242 du CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Megan K. Ellis
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin School of Medicine, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Laudet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242 du CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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7
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Jessen TN, Jessen JR. VANGL2 protein stability is regulated by integrin αv and the extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:128-139. [PMID: 30472097 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vang-like 2 (VANGL2) is a four-pass transmembrane protein required for a variety of polarized cell behaviors underlying embryonic development. Recent data show human VANGL2 interacts with integrin αv to control cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. The goal of this study was to further define the functional relationship between integrin αv and VANGL2. We demonstrate integrin αv regulates VANGL2 protein levels both in vitro and in the zebrafish embryo. While integrin αv knockdown reduces VANGL2 expression at membrane compartments, it does not affect VANGL2 transcription. Knockdown of integrin β5, but not β1 or β3, also decreases VANGL2 protein levels. Inhibition of protein translation using cycloheximide demonstrates that integrin αv knockdown cells have increased VANGL2 degradation while interference with either proteasome or lysosome function restores VANGL2. We further show integrin activation and stimulation of cell-matrix adhesion using MnCl2 fails to influence VANGL2. However, MnCl2 treatment stabilizes VANGL2 protein expression levels in the presence of cycloheximide. In the converse experiment, blockage of integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion using a cyclic RGD peptide causes a reduction in VANGL2 protein levels. Together, our findings support a model where integrin αv and cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix are required to maintain VANGL2 protein levels and thus function at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy N Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.
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8
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Jiao R, Cui D, Wang SC, Li D, Wang YF. Interactions of the Mechanosensitive Channels with Extracellular Matrix, Integrins, and Cytoskeletal Network in Osmosensation. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:96. [PMID: 28424587 PMCID: PMC5380722 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Life is maintained in a sea water-like internal environment. The homeostasis of this environment is dependent on osmosensory system translation of hydromineral information into osmotic regulatory machinery at system, tissue and cell levels. In the osmosensation, hydromineral information can be converted into cellular reactions through osmoreceptors, which changes thirst and drinking, secretion of antidiuretic vasopressin (VP), reabsorption of water and salt in the kidneys at systemic level as well as cellular metabolic activity and survival status at tissue level. The key feature of osmosensation is the activation of mechanoreceptors or mechanosensors, particularly transient receptor potential vallinoid (TRPV) and canonical (TRPC) family channels, which increases cytosolic Ca2+ levels, activates osmosensory cells including VP neurons and triggers a series of secondary reactions. TRPV channels are sensitive to both hyperosmotic and hyposmotic stimuli while TRPC channels are more sensitive to hyposmotic challenge in neurons. The activation of TRP channels relies on changes in cell volume, membrane stretch and cytoskeletal reorganization as well as hydration status of extracellular matrix (ECM) and activity of integrins. Different families of TRP channels could be activated differently in response to hyperosmotic and hyposmotic stimuli in different spatiotemporal orders, leading to differential reactions of osmosensory cells. Together, they constitute the osmosensory machinery. The activation of this osmoreceptor complex is also associated with the activity of other osmolarity-regulating organelles, such as water channel protein aquaporins, Na-K-2Cl cotransporters, volume-sensitive anion channels, sodium pump and purinergic receptors in addition to intercellular interactions, typically astrocytic neuronal interactions. In this article, we review our current understandings of the composition of osmoreceptors and the processes of osmosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng Jiao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Stephani C Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical CollegeAlbany, NY, USA
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
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9
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Jacob AE, Turner CE, Amack JD. Evolution and Expression of Paxillin Genes in Teleost Fish. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165266. [PMID: 27806088 PMCID: PMC5091871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paxillin family proteins regulate intracellular signaling downstream of extracellular matrix adhesion. Tissue expression patterns and cellular functions of Paxillin proteins during embryo development remain poorly understood. Additionally, the evolution of this gene family has not been thoroughly investigated. Results This report characterizes the evolution and expression of a novel Paxillin gene, called Paxillin-b, in Teleosts. Alignments indicate that Teleost Paxillin-a and Paxillin-b proteins are highly homologous to each other and to human Paxillin. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses suggest that these genes originated from the duplication of an ancestral Paxillin gene that was in a common ancestor of Teleosts and Tetrapods. Analysis of the spatiotemporal expression profiles of Paxillin-a and Paxillin-b using zebrafish revealed both overlapping and distinct domains for Paxillin-a and Paxillin-b during embryo development. Localization of zebrafish Paxillin orthologs expressed in mammalian cells demonstrated that both proteins localize to focal adhesions, similar to mammalian Paxillin. This suggests these proteins regulate adhesion-dependent processes in their endogenous tissues. Conclusion Paxillin-a and Paxillin-b were generated by duplication in Teleosts. These genes likely play similar roles as Paxillin genes in other organisms. This work provides a framework for functional investigation of Paxillin family members during development using the zebrafish as an in vivo model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Jacob
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CET); (JDA)
| | - Jeffrey D. Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CET); (JDA)
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10
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Hulsey CD, Fraser GJ, Meyer A. Biting into the Genome to Phenome Map: Developmental Genetic Modularity of Cichlid Fish Dentitions. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:373-88. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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11
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Burczyk M, Burkhalter MD, Blätte T, Matysik S, Caron MG, Barak LS, Philipp M. Phenotypic regulation of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor miles apart by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2. Biochemistry 2015; 54:765-75. [PMID: 25555130 PMCID: PMC4310627 DOI: 10.1021/bi501061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The evolutionarily conserved DRY
motif at the end of the third
helix of rhodopsin-like, class-A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
is a major regulator of receptor stability, signaling activity, and
β-arrestin-mediated internalization. Substitution of the DRY
arginine with histidine in the human vasopressin receptor results
in a loss-of-function phenotype associated with diabetes insipidus.
The analogous R150H substitution of the DRY motif in zebrafish sphingosine-1
phosphate receptor 2 (S1p2) produces a mutation, miles apart m93 (milm93), that not only disrupts signaling but
also impairs heart field migration. We hypothesized that constitutive
S1p2 desensitization is the underlying cause of this strong zebrafish
developmental defect. We observed in cell assays that the wild-type
S1p2 receptor is at the cell surface whereas in distinct contrast
the S1p2 R150H receptor is found in intracellular vesicles, blocking
G protein but not arrestin signaling activity. Surface S1p2 R150H
expression could be restored by inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor
kinase 2 (GRK2). Moreover, we observed that β-arrestin 2 and
GRK2 colocalize with S1p2 in developing zebrafish embryos and depletion
of GRK2 in the S1p2 R150H miles apart zebrafish partially rescued
cardia bifida. The ability of reduced GRK2 activity to reverse a developmental
phenotype associated with constitutive desensitization supports efforts
to genetically or pharmacologically target this kinase in diseases
involving biased GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Burczyk
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University , 89081 Ulm, Germany
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12
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Zhang S, Cui P. Complement system in zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:3-10. [PMID: 24462834 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish is recently emerging as a model species for the study of immunology and human diseases. Complement system is the humoral backbone of the innate immune defense, and our knowledge as such in zebrafish has dramatically increased in the recent years. This review summarizes the current research progress of zebrafish complement system. The global searching for complement components in genome database, together with published data, has unveiled the existence of all the orthologues of mammalian complement components identified thus far, including the complement regulatory proteins and complement receptors, in zebrafish. Interestingly, zebrafish complement components also display some distinctive features, such as prominent levels of extrahepatic expression and isotypic diversity of the complement components. Future studies should focus on the following issues that would be of special importance for understanding the physiological role of complement components in zebrafish: conclusive identification of complement genes, especially those with isotypic diversity; analysis and elucidation of function and mechanism of complement components; modulation of innate and adaptive immune response by complement system; and unconventional roles of complement-triggered pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China
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Fitzpatrick P, Shattil SJ, Ablooglu AJ. C-terminal COOH of integrin β1 is necessary for β1 association with the kindlin-2 adapter protein. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11183-11193. [PMID: 24599960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.535369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are driving forces in cellular processes. As a prime example, transmembrane integrins link extracellular matrix and intracellular proteins, resulting in bidirectional signaling that regulates cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Here we provide the first evidence that interaction between the integrin β1 cytoplasmic tail and kindlin-2, a member of a family of adapters implicated in human disease pathogenesis, is mainly governed by the β1 C-terminal carboxylate moiety and is required for laterality organ development in zebrafish. Affinity measurements indicate that this unusual protein-protein interaction mode is coordinated by a putative carboxylate-binding motif in the kindlin-2 FERM subdomain F3. Contrary to the C terminus of proteins that engage PDZ domains, the C-terminal three residues of β1, per se, do not contribute to kindlin-2 binding or to laterality organ development. Thus, by employing zebrafish as an in situ physiological tool to correlate protein structure and function, we have discovered an unexpected association chemistry between an integrin and a key adapter involved in integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fitzpatrick
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0726
| | - Sanford J Shattil
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0726
| | - Ararat J Ablooglu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0726.
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Wang J, Karra R, Dickson AL, Poss KD. Fibronectin is deposited by injury-activated epicardial cells and is necessary for zebrafish heart regeneration. Dev Biol 2013; 382:427-35. [PMID: 23988577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unlike adult mammals, adult zebrafish vigorously regenerate lost heart muscle in response to injury. The epicardium, a mesothelial cell layer enveloping the myocardium, is activated to proliferate after cardiac injury and can contribute vascular support cells or provide mitogens to regenerating muscle. Here, we applied proteomics to identify secreted proteins that are associated with heart regeneration. We found that Fibronectin, a main component of the extracellular matrix, is induced and deposited after cardiac damage. In situ hybridization and transgenic reporter analyses indicated that expression of two fibronectin paralogues, fn1 and fn1b, are induced by injury in epicardial cells, while the itgb3 receptor is induced in cardiomyocytes near the injury site. fn1, the more dynamic of these paralogs, is induced chamber-wide within one day of injury before localizing epicardial Fn1 synthesis to the injury site. fn1 loss-of-function mutations disrupted zebrafish heart regeneration, as did induced expression of a dominant-negative Fibronectin cassette, defects that were not attributable to direct inhibition of cardiomyocyte proliferation. These findings reveal a new role for the epicardium in establishing an extracellular environment that supports heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Dray N, Lawton A, Nandi A, Jülich D, Emonet T, Holley SA. Cell-fibronectin interactions propel vertebrate trunk elongation via tissue mechanics. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1335-41. [PMID: 23810535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, cells produce and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM maintains tissue integrity and can serve as a substrate for cell migration. Integrin α5 (Itgα5) and αV (ItgαV) are the α subunits of the integrins most responsible for both cell adhesion to the ECM protein fibronectin (FN) and FN matrix fibrillogenesis. We perform a systems-level analysis of cell motion in the zebrafish tail bud during trunk elongation in the presence and absence of normal cell-FN interactions. Itgα5 and ItgαV have well-described roles in cell migration in vitro. However, we find that concomitant loss of itgα5 and itgαV leads to a trunk elongation defect without substantive alteration of cell migration. Tissue-specific transgenic rescue experiments suggest that the FN matrix on the surface of the paraxial mesoderm is required for body elongation via its role in defining tissue mechanics and intertissue adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dray
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Go W, Korzh V. Plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPase Atp2b1a regulates bone mineralization in zebrafish. Bone 2013; 54:48-57. [PMID: 23353107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish transgenic lines provide a possibility to observe the development of tissues and organs in real time. Using the reporter line for the zebrafish plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPase (SqET4), we detected its expression in the epithelium of pharyngeal teeth and analyzed its role in their calcification and that of cranial bones. atp2b1a's expression in the pharyngeal epithelium is faithfully recapitulated in the SqET4 transgenics by GFP expression. We showed by morpholino knockdown of Atp2b1a translations as well as chemical inhibition of Atp2b1a pump activity using carboxyeosin, that its activity is required to facilitate calcification of the developing pharyngeal teeth by the dental epithelium. Atp2b1a could be required during calcification of endochondral bones, where it acts at two levels: 1) by exporting Ca(2+) from ameloblasts, it provides raw material for calcifying the pharyngeal teeth by adjacent odontoblasts; and 2) by regulating terminal differentiation of pharyngeal epithelial cells, including ameloblasts required for tissue hyper-mineralization. atp2b1a's expression in the pharyngeal epithelium is regulated by the homeodomain transcription factor dlx2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Go
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore
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Lackner S, Schwendinger-Schreck J, Jülich D, Holley SA. Segmental assembly of fibronectin matrix requires rap1b and integrin α5. Dev Dyn 2013. [PMID: 23192979 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During segmentation of the zebrafish embryo, inside-out signaling activates Integrin α5, which is necessary for somite border morphogenesis. The direct activator of Integrin α5 during this process is unknown. One candidate is Rap1b, a small monomeric GTPase implicated in Integrin activation in the immune system. RESULTS Knockdown of rap1b, or overexpression of a dominant negative rap1b, causes a mild axis elongation defect in zebrafish. However, disruption of rap1b function in integrin α5(-/-) mutants results in a strong reduction in Fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly in the paraxial mesoderm and a failure in somite border morphogenesis along the entire anterior-posterior axis. Somite patterning appears unaffected, as her1 oscillations are maintained in single and double morphants/mutants, but somite polarity is gradually lost in itgα5(-/-) ; rap1b MO embryos. CONCLUSIONS In itgα5(-) (/) (-) mutants, rap1b is required for proper somite border morphogenesis in zebrafish. The loss of somite borders is not a result of aberrant segmental patterning. Rather, somite boundary formation initiates but is not completed, due to the failure to assemble FN matrix along the nascent boundary. We propose a model in which Rap1b activates Integrin/Fibronectin receptors as part of an "inside-out" signaling pathway that promotes Integrin binding to FN, FN matrix assembly, and subsequent stabilization of morphological somite boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lackner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Zebrafish Development. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35935-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wiweger MI, Zhao Z, van Merkesteyn RJP, Roehl HH, Hogendoorn PCW. HSPG-deficient zebrafish uncovers dental aspect of multiple osteochondromas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29734. [PMID: 22253766 PMCID: PMC3256178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Osteochondromas (MO; previously known as multiple hereditary exostosis) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition that is characterized by the formation of cartilaginous bone tumours (osteochondromas) at multiple sites in the skeleton, secondary bursa formation and impingement of nerves, tendons and vessels, bone curving, and short stature. MO is also known to be associated with arthritis, general pain, scarring and occasional malignant transformation of osteochondroma into secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma. MO patients present additional complains but the relevance of those in relation to the syndromal background needs validation. Mutations in two enzymes that are required during heparan sulphate synthesis (EXT1 or EXT2) are known to cause MO. Previously, we have used zebrafish which harbour mutations in ext2 as a model for MO and shown that ext2−/− fish have skeletal defects that resemble those seen in osteochondromas. Here we analyse dental defects present in ext2−/− fish. Histological analysis reveals that ext2−/− fish have very severe defects associated with the formation and the morphology of teeth. At 5 days post fertilization 100% of ext2−/− fish have a single tooth at the end of the 5th pharyngeal arch, whereas wild-type fish develop three teeth, located in the middle of the pharyngeal arch. ext2−/− teeth have abnormal morphology (they were shorter and thicker than in the WT) and patchy ossification at the tooth base. Deformities such as split crowns and enamel lesions were found in 20% of ext2+/− adults. The tooth morphology in ext2−/− was partially rescued by FGF8 administered locally (bead implants). Our findings from zebrafish model were validated in a dental survey that was conducted with assistance of the MHE Research Foundation. The presence of the malformed and/or displaced teeth with abnormal enamel was declared by half of the respondents indicating that MO might indeed be also associated with dental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henry H. Roehl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Ablooglu AJ, Tkachenko E, Kang J, Shattil SJ. Integrin alphaV is necessary for gastrulation movements that regulate vertebrate body asymmetry. Development 2010; 137:3449-58. [PMID: 20843856 DOI: 10.1242/dev.045310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrin αV can form heterodimers with several β subunits to mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. During zebrafish gastrulation, αV is expressed maternally and zygotically. Here, we used a morpholino-mediated αV knockdown strategy to study αV function. Although αV morphants displayed vascular defects, they also exhibited left-right body asymmetry defects affecting multiple visceral organs. This was preceded by mislocalization of dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) and malformation of the Kupffer's vesicle (KV) laterality organ. These defects were rescued with morpholino-resistant αV mRNA. Like αV, integrin β1b was expressed in DFCs, and β1b knockdown largely recapitulated the laterality phenotype of αV morphants. When tracked in real-time, individual DFCs of both morphants showed defects in DFC migration, preventing them from organizing into a KV of normal shape and size. Thus, we propose that αVβ1b mediates cellular interactions that are necessary for DFC clustering and movements necessary for Kupffer's vesicle formation, uncovering an early contribution of integrins to the regulation of vertebrate laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ararat J Ablooglu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0726, USA
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Recent Papers on Zebrafish and Other Aquarium Fish Models. Zebrafish 2007. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2007.9983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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