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Fetsko AR, Sebo DJ, Budzynski LB, Scharbarth A, Taylor MR. IL-1β disrupts the initiation of blood-brain barrier development by inhibiting endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling. iScience 2024; 27:109651. [PMID: 38638574 PMCID: PMC11025013 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
During neuroinflammation, the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) impacts blood-brain barrier (BBB) function by disrupting brain endothelial tight junctions, promoting vascular permeability, and increasing transmigration of immune cells. Here, we examined the effects of Il-1β on the in vivo initiation of BBB development. We generated doxycycline-inducible transgenic zebrafish to secrete Il-1β in the CNS. To validate the utility of our model, we showed Il-1β dose-dependent mortality, recruitment of neutrophils, and expansion of microglia. Using live imaging, we discovered that Il-1β causes a significant reduction in CNS angiogenesis and barriergenesis. To demonstrate specificity, we rescued the Il-1β induced phenotypes by targeting the zebrafish il1r1 gene using CRISPR-Cas9. Mechanistically, we determined that Il-1β disrupts the initiation of BBB development by decreasing Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activation in brain endothelial cells. Given that several neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with inflammation, our findings support further investigation into the connections between proinflammatory cytokines, neuroinflammation, and neurovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R. Fetsko
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dylan J. Sebo
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lilyana B. Budzynski
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alli Scharbarth
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael R. Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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2
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Dutt P, Haider N, Mouaaz S, Podmore L, Stambolic V. β-catenin turnover is regulated by Nek10-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2300606121. [PMID: 38683979 PMCID: PMC11087748 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300606121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
β-catenin has influential roles affecting embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and human diseases including cancer. Cellular β-catenin levels are exquisitely controlled by a variety of regulatory mechanisms. In the course of exploring the functions of the Nek10 tyrosine kinase, we observed that deletion of Nek10 in lung adenocarcinoma cells resulted in dramatic stabilization of β-catenin, suggestive of a Nek10 role in the control of β-catenin turnover. Nek10-deficient cells exhibited diminished ability to form tumorspheres in suspension, grow in soft agar, and colonize mouse lung tissue following tail vein injection. Mechanistically, Nek10 associates with the Axin complex, responsible for β-catenin degradation, where it phosphorylates β-catenin at Tyr30, located within the regulatory region governing β-catenin turnover. In the absence of Nek10 phosphorylation, GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin, a prerequisite for its turnover, is impaired. This represents a divergent function within the Nek family, whose other members are serine-threonine kinases involved in different elements of the centrosomal cycle, primary cilia function, and DNA damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Previn Dutt
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nasir Haider
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Samar Mouaaz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lauren Podmore
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
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Castro Colabianchi AM, González Pérez NG, Franchini LF, López SL. A maternal dorsoventral prepattern revealed by an asymmetric distribution of ventralizing molecules before fertilization in Xenopus laevis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1365705. [PMID: 38572484 PMCID: PMC10987785 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1365705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment of the embryonic dorsoventral axis in Xenopus occurs when the radial symmetry around the egg's animal-vegetal axis is broken to give rise to the typical symmetry of Bilaterians. We have previously shown that the Notch1 protein is ventrally enriched during early embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis and zebrafish and exerts ventralizing activity through β-Catenin destabilization and the positive regulation of ventral center genes in X. laevis. These findings led us to further investigate when these asymmetries arise. In this work, we show that the asymmetrical distribution of Notch1 protein and mRNA precedes cortical rotation and even fertilization in X. laevis. Moreover, we found that in unfertilized eggs transcripts encoded by the ventralizing gene bmp4 are also asymmetrically distributed in the animal hemisphere and notch1 transcripts accumulate consistently on the same side of the eccentric maturation point. Strikingly, a Notch1 asymmetry orthogonal to the animal-vegetal axis appears during X. laevis oogenesis. Thus, we show for the first time a maternal bias in the distribution of molecules that are later involved in ventral patterning during embryonic axialization, strongly supporting the hypothesis of a dorsoventral prepattern or intrinsic bilaterality of Xenopus eggs before fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitana M. Castro Colabianchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología / 1° U.A. Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular “Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás G. González Pérez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología / 1° U.A. Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular “Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía F. Franchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI) “Dr. Héctor N. Torres”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia L. López
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología / 1° U.A. Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular “Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Pesce NA, Plastino F, Reyes-Goya C, Bernd J, Pavone V, Dal Monte M, Kvanta A, Locri F, André H. Mitigation of human iris angiogenesis through uPAR/LRP-1 interaction antagonism in an organotypic ex vivo model. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23533. [PMID: 38451430 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301892rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Rubeosis Iridis (RI) is characterized by an increase in neovascularization and inflammation factors in the iris. During angiogenesis, the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) play a pivotal role in extracellular matrix remodeling, where uPAR regulates endothelial cell migration and proliferation through assembly with transmembrane receptors. Here, in the context of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, the uPA/uPAR system blockage was investigated by using UPARANT in a novel ex vivo human iris organotypic angiogenesis assay. The effects of uPA/uPAR system antagonism in the humanized model of ocular pathologic angiogenesis were analyzed by sprouting angiogenesis and protein assays (western, dot blots, and co-immunoprecipitation) and correlated to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition. Phosphoprotein and co-immunoprecipitation assay illustrated an unidentified antagonism of UPARANT in the interaction of uPAR with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), resulting in inhibition of β-catenin-mediated angiogenesis in this model. The effects of uPA/uPAR system inhibition were focal to endothelial cells ex vivo. Comparison between human iris endothelial cells and human retinal endothelial revealed an endothelial-specific mechanism of β-catenin-mediated angiogenesis inhibited by uPA/uPAR system blockage and not by VEGF inhibition. Collectively, these findings broaden the understanding of the effects of the uPA/uPAR system antagonism in the context of angiogenesis, revealing non-canonical β-catenin downstream effects mediated by LRP-1/uPAR interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Anna Pesce
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Plastino
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan Bernd
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anders Kvanta
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filippo Locri
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Fetsko AR, Sebo DJ, Budzynski LB, Scharbarth A, Taylor MR. IL-1β disrupts blood-brain barrier development by inhibiting endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.04.569943. [PMID: 38106202 PMCID: PMC10723338 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.569943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
During neuroinflammation, the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) impacts blood-brain barrier (BBB) function by disrupting brain endothelial tight junctions, promoting vascular permeability, and increasing transmigration of immune cells. Here, we examined the effects of Il-1β on the in vivo development of the BBB. We generated a doxycycline-inducible transgenic zebrafish model that drives secretion of Il-1β in the CNS. To validate the utility of our model, we showed Il-1β dose-dependent mortality, recruitment of neutrophils, and expansion of microglia. Using live imaging, we discovered that Il-1β causes a significant reduction in CNS angiogenesis and barriergenesis. To demonstrate specificity, we rescued the Il-1β induced phenotypes by targeting the zebrafish il1r1 gene using CRISPR/Cas9. Mechanistically, we determined that Il-1β disrupts BBB development by decreasing Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activation in brain endothelial cells. Given that several neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with inflammation, our findings support further investigation into the connections between proinflammatory cytokines, neuroinflammation, and neurovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R. Fetsko
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dylan J. Sebo
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lilyana B. Budzynski
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alli Scharbarth
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael R. Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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6
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Liu J, Xiao G, Liang Y, He S, Lyu M, Zhu Y. Heart-brain interaction in cardiogenic dementia: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1304864. [PMID: 38327496 PMCID: PMC10847563 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1304864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular and neurologic diseases primarily focus on the heart and brain, respectively. An increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed a causal relationship between heart and brain diseases. Cardiogenic dementia is a cognitive impairment caused by heart dysfunction and has received increasing research attention. The prevention and treatment of cardiogenic dementia are essential to improve the quality of life, particularly in the elderly and aging population. This study describes the changes in cognitive function associated with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and heart valve disease. An updated understanding of the two known pathogenic mechanisms of cardiogenic dementia is presented and discussed. One is a cascade of events caused by cerebral hypoperfusion due to long-term reduction of cardiac output after heart disease, and the other is cognitive impairment regardless of the changes in cerebral blood flow after cardiac injury. Furthermore, potential medications for the prevention and treatment of cardiogenic dementia are reviewed, with particular attention to multicomponent herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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7
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See WZC, Naidu R, Tang KS. Paraquat and Parkinson's Disease: The Molecular Crosstalk of Upstream Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to Apoptosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:140-151. [PMID: 36703582 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230126161524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disease involving a complex interaction between genes and the environment that affects various cellular pathways and neural networks. Several studies have suggested that environmental factors such as exposure to herbicides, pesticides, heavy metals, and other organic pollutants are significant risk factors for the development of PD. Among the herbicides, paraquat has been commonly used, although it has been banned in many countries due to its acute toxicity. Although the direct causational relationship between paraquat exposure and PD has not been established, paraquat has been demonstrated to cause the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The underlying mechanisms of the dopaminergic lesion are primarily driven by the generation of reactive oxygen species, decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress, leading to a cascade of molecular crosstalks that result in the initiation of apoptosis. This review critically analyses the crucial upstream molecular pathways of the apoptotic cascade involved in paraquat neurotoxicity, including mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Zhi Chung See
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Olcum M, Fan S, Rouhi L, Cheedipudi S, Cathcart B, Jeong HH, Zhao Z, Gurha P, Marian AJ. Genetic inactivation of β-catenin is salubrious, whereas its activation is deleterious in desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2712-2728. [PMID: 37625794 PMCID: PMC11032201 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mutations in the DSP gene encoding desmoplakin, a constituent of the desmosomes at the intercalated discs (IDs), cause a phenotype that spans arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and dilated cardiomyopathy. It is typically characterized by biventricular enlargement and dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, cell death, and arrhythmias. The canonical wingless-related integration (cWNT)/β-catenin pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of ACM. The β-catenin is an indispensable co-transcriptional regulator of the cWNT pathway and a member of the IDs. We genetically inactivated or activated β-catenin to determine its role in the pathogenesis of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS The Dsp gene was conditionally deleted in the 2-week-old post-natal cardiac myocytes using tamoxifen-inducible MerCreMer mice (Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F). The cWNT/β-catenin pathway was markedly dysregulated in the Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F cardiac myocytes, as indicated by a concomitant increase in the expression of cWNT/β-catenin target genes, isoforms of its key co-effectors, and the inhibitors of the pathway. The β-catenin was inactivated or activated upon inducible deletion of its transcriptional or degron domain, respectively, in the Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F cardiac myocytes. Genetic inactivation of β-catenin in the Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F mice prolonged survival, improved cardiac function, reduced cardiac arrhythmias, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis, and cell death caused by apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, i.e. PANoptosis. In contrast, activation of β-catenin had the opposite effects. The deleterious and the salubrious effects were independent of changes in the expression levels of the cWNT target genes and were associated with changes in several molecular and biological pathways, including cell death programmes. CONCLUSION The cWNT/β-catenin was markedly dysregulated in the cardiac myocytes in a mouse model of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. Inactivation of β-catenin attenuated, whereas its activation aggravated the phenotype, through multiple molecular pathways, independent of the cWNT transcriptional activity. Thus, suppression but not activation of β-catenin might be beneficial in desmoplakin cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Olcum
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siyang Fan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leila Rouhi
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sirisha Cheedipudi
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin Cathcart
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun-Hwan Jeong
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali J Marian
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Berdiaki A, Thrapsanioti LN, Giatagana EM, K Karamanos N, C Savani R, N Tzanakakis G, Nikitovic D. RHAMM/hyaluronan inhibit β-catenin degradation, enhance downstream signaling, and facilitate fibrosarcoma cell growth. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8937-8947. [PMID: 37710072 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased hyaluronan deposition (HA) in various cancer tissues, including sarcomas, correlates with disease progression. The receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM) expression is elevated in most human cancers. β-catenin is a critical downstream mediator of the Wnt signaling pathways, facilitating carcinogenic events characterized by deregulated cell proliferation. We previously showed that low molecular weight (LMW) HA/RHAMM/β-catenin signaling axis increases HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell growth. Here, focusing on mechanistic aspects and utilizing immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that LMW HA treatment enhanced RHAMM intracellular localization (p ≤ 0.001) and RHAMM/β-catenin colocalization in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells (p ≤ 0.05). Downregulating endogenous HA attenuated the association of RHAMM/β-catenin in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells (p ≤ 0.0.01). Notably, Axin-2, the key β-catenin degradation complex component, and RHAMM were demonstrated to form a complex primarily to cell membranes, enhanced by LMW HA (p ≤ 0.01). In contrast, LMW HA attenuated the association of β-catenin and Axin-2 (p ≤ 0.05). The utilization of FH535, a Wnt signaling inhibitor, showed that LMW HA partially rescued the Wnt-dependent growth of HT1080 cells and restored the expression of Wnt/β-catenin mediators, cyclin-D1 and c-myc (p ≤ 0.05). B6FS fibrosarcoma cells with different HA metabolism do not respond to the LMW HA growth stimulus (p = NS). The present study identifies a novel LMW HA/RHAMM mechanism in a fibrosarcoma model. LMW HA regulates intracellular RHAMM expression, which acts as a scaffold protein binding β-catenin and Axin-2 at different cellular compartments to increase β-catenin expression, transcriptional activity, and fibrosarcoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Lydia-Nefeli Thrapsanioti
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | | | - Rashmin C Savani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, P.O. Box 100296, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece.
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10
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Poznyak AV, Sukhorukov VN, Popov MA, Chegodaev YS, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN. Mechanisms of the Wnt Pathways as a Potential Target Pathway in Atherosclerosis. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:223-236. [PMID: 37800111 PMCID: PMC10548192 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins of the Wnt family are involved in a variety of physiological processes by means of several canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. Wnt signaling has been recently identified as a major player in atherogenesis. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on the influence of various components of the Wnt signaling pathways on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and associated conditions. We used the PubMed database to search for recent papers on the involvement of the Wnt pathways in atherosclerosis. We used the combination of "Wnt" and "atherosclerosis" keywords to find the initial papers, and chose papers published after 2018. In the first section of the paper, we describe the general mechanisms of the Wnt signaling pathways and their components. The next section is dedicated to existing studies assessing the implication of Wnt signaling elements in different atherogenic processes, such as cholesterol retention, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerotic calcification of the vessels. Lastly, various therapeutic strategies based on interference with the Wnt signaling pathways are considered. We also compare the efficacy and availability of the proposed treatment methods. Wnt signaling can be considered a potential target in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Therefore, in this review, we reviewed evidences showing that wnt signaling is an important signal for developing appropriate treatment strategies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI "Petrovsky NRCS"), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Popov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S Chegodaev
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI "Petrovsky NRCS"), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Y. Postnov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI "Petrovsky NRCS"), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI "Petrovsky NRCS"), Moscow, Russia
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11
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Embryonic organizer formation disorder leads to multiorgan dysplasia in Down syndrome. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1054. [PMID: 36535930 PMCID: PMC9763398 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of Down syndrome (DS) and early identification of the cause (trisomy 21), its molecular pathogenesis has been poorly understood and specific treatments have consequently been practically unavailable. A number of medical conditions throughout the body associated with DS have prompted us to investigate its molecular etiology from the viewpoint of the embryonic organizer, which can steer the development of surrounding cells into specific organs and tissues. We established a DS zebrafish model by overexpressing the human DYRK1A gene, a highly haploinsufficient gene located at the "critical region" within 21q22. We found that both embryonic organizer and body axis were significantly impaired during early embryogenesis, producing abnormalities of the nervous, heart, visceral, and blood systems, similar to those observed with DS. Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis and related assays demonstrated that the DYRK1A-overexpressed zebrafish embryos had anomalous phosphorylation of β-catenin and Hsp90ab1, resulting in Wnt signaling enhancement and TGF-β inhibition. We found an uncovered ectopic molecular mechanism present in amniocytes from fetuses diagnosed with DS and isolated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of DS patients. Importantly, the abnormal proliferation of DS HSCs could be recovered by switching the balance between Wnt and TGF-β signaling in vitro. Our findings provide a novel molecular pathogenic mechanism in which ectopic Wnt and TGF-β lead to DS physical dysplasia, suggesting potential targeted therapies for DS.
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12
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Matsue T, Gi M, Shiota M, Tachibana H, Suzuki S, Fujioka M, Kakehashi A, Yamamoto T, Kato M, Uchida J, Wanibuchi H. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide inhibits urinary bladder cancers via suppression of β-catenin signaling. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2642-2653. [PMID: 35723039 PMCID: PMC9357660 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play an important role in maintaining pH homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that overexpression of CA2 was associated with invasion and progression of urothelial carcinoma (UC) in humans. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the CA inhibitor acetazolamide (Ace) on N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)‐induced bladder carcinogenesis in mice and explore the function of CA2 in muscle invasion by UC. Male mice were treated with 0.025% (experiment 1) or 0.05% BBN (experiment 2) in their drinking water for 10 weeks, then treated with cisplatin (Cis), Ace, or Cis plus Ace for 12 weeks. In experiment 1, the overall incidence of BBN‐induced UCs was significantly decreased in the BBN→Ace and BBN→Cis+Ace groups. In experiment 2, the overall incidence of BBN‐induced UCs was significantly decreased in the BBN→Cis+Ace group, and the incidence of muscle invasive UC was significantly decreased in both the BBN→Ace and the BBN→Cis+Ace groups. We also show that overexpression of CA2 by human UC cells T24 and UMUC3 significantly increased their migration and invasion capabilities, and that Ace significantly inhibited migration and invasion by CA2‐overexpressing T24 and UMUC3 cells. These data demonstrate a functional association of CA2 with UC development and progression, confirming the association of CA2 with UC that we had shown previously by immunohistochemical analysis of human UC specimens and proteome analysis of BBN‐induced UC in rats. Our finding that inhibition of CA2 inhibits UC development and muscle invasion also directly confirms that CA2 is a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiota
- Department of Molecular Biology of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tachibana
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Kato
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Wu S, Pan X, Cai Y, Li C. Interfering with the Expression of Ubiquitin-Like with PHD and Ring Finger Domains 1 Can Inhibit the Invasion of Human Renal Cell Carcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6971131. [PMID: 37671388 PMCID: PMC10477023 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6971131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective The ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is a protein coding gene which is associated with colorectal cancer and other diseases. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the effect and mechanism of UHRF1 protein on invasion and metastasis in human renal carcinoma cells. Methods After UHRF1 was interfered with or overexpressed in renal carcinoma cell lines A498 and 769-P, the relative mRNA and protein level of UHRF1 was detected by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. The colony formation assay and MTT were performed to observe the proliferation and cell viability in each group. In addition, the invasion and metastasis of the cells in each group were detected by Transwell and wound healing assay. Finally, Western blot was utilized to measure protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the level of protein in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Results The cell ability, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in A498 and 769-P cells were inhibited after interfering with UHRF1. In addition, the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, c-myc, and β-catenin was significantly decreased, while the expression of GSK-3β was significantly increased. However, contrasting results were demonstrated when UHRF1 was overexpressed. Conclusions Interference with the expression of UHRF1 was able to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of human renal carcinoma cell lines A498 and 769-P, which may be related to mediating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Wu
- Department of Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, No. 381-1, Zhongshan East Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City 318000, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Department of Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, No. 381-1, Zhongshan East Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City 318000, China
| | - Yanqun Cai
- Department of Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, No. 381-1, Zhongshan East Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City 318000, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- Department of Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, No. 381-1, Zhongshan East Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City 318000, China
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14
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The Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Early-Stage Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101468. [PMID: 34680585 PMCID: PMC8533318 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasing in incidence and is still associated with a high rate of mortality. Only a minority of patients are diagnosed in the early stage. Radical surgery is the only potential curative procedure. However, radicality is reached in 20% of patients operated on. Despite the multidisciplinary approach in resectable tumors, early tumor recurrences are common. Options on how to select optimal candidates for resection remain limited. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence shows an important role of circulating non-coding plasma and serum microRNAs (miRNAs), which physiologically regulate the function of a target protein. miRNAs also play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. In PDAC patients, the expression levels of certain miRNAs vary and may modulate the function of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. As they can be detected in a patient's blood, they have the potential to become promising non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, they may also serve as markers of chemoresistance. Thus, miRNAs could be useful for early and accurate diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and individual treatment planning. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on miRNAs in PDAC patients, focusing on their potential use in the early stage of the disease.
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15
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Taank Y, Agnihotri N. Understanding the regulation of β-catenin expression and activity in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: beyond destruction complex. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2448-2459. [PMID: 34426910 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling is central to colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. The well-known potential of targeting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway for the treatment of CRC is largely attributed to the ability of this pathway to regulate various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, immune response, apoptosis, and cellular metabolism. However, with the current approach of targeting this pathway, none of the Wnt-targeted agents have been successfully implicated in clinical practice. Instead of using classical approaches to target this pathway, there is a growing need to find new and modified approaches to achieve the same. For this, a better understanding of the regulation of β-catenin, a major effector of the canonical Wnt pathway is a must. The present review addresses the importance of understanding the regulation of β-catenin beyond the destruction complex. Few recently discovered β-catenin regulators such as ZNF281, TTPAL, AGR2, ARHGAP25, TREM2, and TIPE1 showed significant potential in regulating the development of CRC through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Although the expression and activity of β-catenin is influenced by many protein regulators, the abovementioned proteins not only influence its expression and activation but are also directly involved in the development of CRC and various other solid tumors. Therefore, we hypothesise that focusing the current research on finding the detailed mechanism of action of these regulators may assist in providing with a better treatment approach or improve the current therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Taank
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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16
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Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Puthongking P, Chawjarean V, Harikarnpakdee S, Sukprasansap M, Chanvorachote P, Priprem A, Govitrapong P. Melatonin and its derivative disrupt cancer stem-like phenotypes of lung cancer cells via AKT downregulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1712-1723. [PMID: 34396568 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation of tumour cells, have properties of self-renewal and multipotency, which drive cancer progression and resistance to current treatments. Compounds potentially targeting CSCs have been recently developed. This study shows how melatonin, an endogenous hormone synthesised by the pineal gland, and its derivative suppress CSC-like phenotypes of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, H460, H23, and A549. The effects of MLT and its derivative, acetyl melatonin (ACT), on CSC-like phenotypes were investigated using assays for anchorage-independent growth, three-dimensional spheroid formation, scratch wound healing ability, and CSC marker and upstream protein signalling expression. Enriched CSC spheroids were used to confirm the effect of both compounds on lung cancer cells. MLT and ACT inhibited CSC-like behaviours by suppression of colony and spheroid formation in NSCLC cell lines. Their effects on spheroid formation were confirmed in CSC-enriched H460 cells. CSC markers, CD133 and ALDH1A1, were depleted by both compounds. The behaviour and factors associated to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as indicated by cell migration and the protein vimentin, were also decreased by MLT and ACT. Mechanistically, MLT and ACT decreased the expression of stemness proteins Oct-4, Nanog, and β-catenin by reducing active AKT (phosphorylated AKT). Suppression of the AKT pathway was not mediated through melatonin receptors. This study demonstrates a novel role, and its underlying mechanism, for MLT and its derivative ACT in suppression of CSC-like phenotypes in NSCLC cells, indicating that they are potential candidates for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Verisa Chawjarean
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saraporn Harikarnpakdee
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Monruedee Sukprasansap
- Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aroonsri Priprem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
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17
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Dunbar K, Jones RA, Dingwell K, Macartney TJ, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. FAM83F regulates canonical Wnt signalling through an interaction with CK1α. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000805. [PMID: 33361109 PMCID: PMC7768192 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the FAM83F protein, like the functions of many members of the FAM83 family, is poorly understood. Here, we show that injection of Fam83f mRNA into Xenopus embryos causes axis duplication, a phenotype indicative of enhanced Wnt signalling. Consistent with this, overexpression of FAM83F activates Wnt signalling, whereas ablation of FAM83F from human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells attenuates it. We demonstrate that FAM83F is farnesylated and interacts and co-localises with CK1α at the plasma membrane. This interaction with CK1α is essential for FAM83F to activate Wnt signalling, and FAM83F mutants that do not interact with CK1α fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos and to activate Wnt signalling in cells. FAM83F acts upstream of GSK-3β because the attenuation of Wnt signalling caused by loss of FAM83F can be rescued by GSK-3 inhibition. Introduction of a farnesyl-deficient mutant of FAM83F in cells through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing redirects the FAM83F-CK1α complex away from the plasma membrane and significantly attenuates Wnt signalling, indicating that FAM83F exerts its effects on Wnt signalling at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dunbar
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC-PPU), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC-PPU), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC-PPU), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK
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18
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Epigenetic Modulation of SPCA2 Reverses Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020259. [PMID: 33445642 PMCID: PMC7827456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The triple receptor negative breast cancer subtype, or TNBC, currently has no tailored treatment options. TNBC is highly metastatic, associated with high patient mortality, and disproportionately occurs in Black/African American women where it contributes to racial disparities in health outcomes. Therefore, we focused on new therapeutic approaches to TNBC. We discovered that levels of the Calcium-ATPase SPCA2 are abnormally low in TNBC and that these low levels correlate with poor survival prognosis in patients. Previously, we showed that recombinant SPCA2 prevented TNBC cells from acquiring aggressive “mesenchymal” properties associated with metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings motivated us to search for drugs that turn the SPCA2 gene back on in TNBC cells. In this study, we show that histone deacetylase inhibitors increase SPCA2 levels, activate Ca2+ signaling and convert cancer cells to a less aggressive “epithelial” state. These findings could lead to new treatment options for TNBC. Abstract The secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase SPCA2 is a tumor suppressor in triple receptor negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive molecular subtype that lacks tailored treatment options. Low expression of SPCA2 in TNBC confers poor survival prognosis in patients. Previous work has established that re-introducing SPCA2 to TNBC cells restores basal Ca2+ signaling, represses mesenchymal gene expression, mitigates tumor migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo. In this study, we examined the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in TNBC cell lines. We show that the pan-HDACi vorinostat and the class I HDACi romidepsin induce dose-dependent upregulation of SPCA2 transcript with concurrent downregulation of mesenchymal markers and tumor cell migration characteristic of epithelial phenotype. Silencing SPCA2 abolished the ability of HDACi to reverse epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Independent of ATPase activity, SPCA2 elevated resting Ca2+ levels to activate downstream components of non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling. HDACi treatment led to SPCA2-dependent phosphorylation of CAMKII and β-catenin, turning Wnt signaling off. We conclude that SPCA2 mediates the efficacy of HDACi in reversing EMT in TNBC by a novel mode of non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling. Our findings provide incentive for screening epigenetic modulators that exploit Ca2+ signaling pathways to reverse EMT in breast tumors.
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19
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Kinosada H, Okada-Iwasaki R, Kunieda K, Suzuki-Imaizumi M, Takahashi Y, Miyagi H, Suzuki M, Motosawa K, Watanabe M, Mie M, Ishii T, Ishida H, Saito JI, Nakai R. The dual pocket binding novel tankyrase inhibitor K-476 enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor by attracting CD8 + T cells to tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:264-276. [PMID: 33520373 PMCID: PMC7840722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is associated with disease progression, is activated in many cancers. Tankyrase (TNKS) has received attention as a target molecule for Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition. We identified K-476, a novel TNKS inhibitor, a dual pocket binder that binds to both the nicotinamide and ADP-ribose pockets. In a human colon cancer cell line, K-476 specifically and potently inhibited TNKS and led to stabilization of the Axin protein, resulting in Wnt/β-catenin pathway suppression. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation was recently reported as a possible mechanism of ineffectiveness in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Because the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation causes dendritic cell inactivation and suppresses chemokine production, resulting in a paucity of CD8+ T cells in tumor tissue, which is an important effector of ICIs. Thus, TNKS inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of ICIs. To examine whether K-476 enhances the antitumor effect of anti-PD-L1 antibodies, K-476 was administered orally with an anti-PD-L1 antibody to melanoma-bearing C57BL/6J mice. Although K-476 was ineffective as a monotherapy, it significantly enhanced the antitumor effect in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody. In mice, intra-tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells was increased by combination treatment. K-476 upregulated the chemokine expression (e.g., Ccl3 and Ccl4), which attracted CD8+ T cells. This was considered to contribute to the increased CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, while the potential gastrointestinal toxicity of TNKS inhibitors has been reported, it was not observed at effective doses. Thus, K-476 could be an attractive therapeutic option to enhance the efficacy of ICIs.
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20
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Srikanth MP, Feldman RA. Elevated Dkk1 Mediates Downregulation of the Canonical Wnt Pathway and Lysosomal Loss in an iPSC Model of Neuronopathic Gaucher Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121630. [PMID: 33287247 PMCID: PMC7761665 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher Disease (GD), which is the most common lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by bi-allelic mutations in GBA1—a gene that encodes the lysosomal hydrolase β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The neuronopathic forms of GD (nGD) are characterized by severe neurological abnormalities that arise during gestation or early in infancy. Using GD-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), we have previously reported that neuronal cells have neurodevelopmental defects associated with the downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling. In this study, we report that GD NPCs display elevated levels of Dkk1, which is a secreted Wnt antagonist that prevents receptor activation. Dkk1 upregulation in mutant NPCs resulted in an increased degradation of β-catenin, and there was a concomitant reduction in lysosomal numbers. Consistent with these results, incubation of the mutant NPCs with recombinant Wnt3a (rWnt3a) was able to outcompete the excess Dkk1, increasing β-catenin levels and rescuing lysosomal numbers. Furthermore, the incubation of WT NPCs with recombinant Dkk1 (rDkk1) phenocopied the mutant phenotype, recapitulating the decrease in β-catenin levels and lysosomal depletion seen in nGD NPCs. This study provides evidence that downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in nGD neuronal cells involves the upregulation of Dkk1. As Dkk1 is an extracellular Wnt antagonist, our results suggest that the deleterious effects of Wnt/β-catenin downregulation in nGD may be ameliorated by the prevention of Dkk1 binding to the Wnt co-receptor LRP6, pointing to Dkk1 as a potential therapeutic target for GBA1-associated neurodegeneration.
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21
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Virus-Host Protein-Protein Interactions between Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 A1 and D2/D3 Sub-Lineages: Variances and Similarities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217980. [PMID: 33121134 PMCID: PMC7663357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk strains of human papillomavirus are causative agents for cervical and other mucosal cancers, with type 16 being the most frequent. Compared to the European Prototype (EP; A1), the Asian-American (AA; D2/D3) sub-lineage seems to have increased abilities to promote carcinogenesis. Here, we studied protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between host proteins and sub-lineages of the key transforming E6 protein. We transduced human keratinocyte with EP or AA E6 genes and co-immunoprecipitated E6 proteins along with interacting cellular proteins to detect virus–host binding partners. AAE6 and EPE6 may have unique PPIs with host cellular proteins, conferring gain or loss of function and resulting in varied abilities to promote carcinogenesis. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and stringent interactor selection criteria based on the number of peptides, we identified 25 candidates: 6 unique to AAE6 and EPE6, along with 13 E6 targets common to both. A novel approach based on pathway selection discovered 171 target proteins: 90 unique AAE6 and 61 unique EPE6 along with 20 common E6 targets. Interpretations were made using databases, such as UniProt, BioGRID, and Reactome. Detected E6 targets were differentially implicated in important hallmarks of cancer: deregulating Notch signaling, energetics and hypoxia, DNA replication and repair, and immune response.
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22
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Peng X, Lai KS, She P, Kang J, Wang T, Li G, Zhou Y, Sun J, Jin D, Xu X, Liao L, Liu J, Lee E, Poss KD, Zhong TP. Induction of Wnt signaling antagonists and p21-activated kinase enhances cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 13:41-58. [PMID: 33582796 PMCID: PMC8035995 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart regeneration occurs by dedifferentiation and proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, the signaling mechanisms by which injury induces CM renewal remain incompletely understood. Here, we find that cardiac injury in zebrafish induces expression of the secreted Wnt inhibitors, including Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1), Dkk3, secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (sFrp1), and sFrp2, in cardiac tissue adjacent to injury sites. Experimental blocking of Wnt activity via Dkk1 overexpression enhances CM proliferation and heart regeneration, whereas ectopic activation of Wnt8 signaling blunts injury-induced CM dedifferentiation and proliferation. Although Wnt signaling is dampened upon injury, the cytoplasmic β-catenin is unexpectedly increased at disarrayed CM sarcomeres in myocardial wound edges. Our analyses indicated that p21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2) is induced at regenerating CMs, where it phosphorylates cytoplasmic β-catenin at Ser 675 and increases its stability at disassembled sarcomeres. Myocardial-specific induction of the phospho-mimetic β-catenin (S675E) enhances CM dedifferentiation and sarcomere disassembly in response to injury. Conversely, inactivation of Pak2 kinase activity reduces the Ser 675-phosphorylated β-catenin (pS675-β-catenin) and attenuates CM sarcomere disorganization and dedifferentiation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that coordination of Wnt signaling inhibition and Pak2/pS675-β-catenin signaling enhances zebrafish heart regeneration by supporting CM dedifferentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kaa Seng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peilu She
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tingting Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guobao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yating Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianjian Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Daqing Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lujian Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tao P Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
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23
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Barbu MG, Condrat CE, Thompson DC, Bugnar OL, Cretoiu D, Toader OD, Suciu N, Voinea SC. MicroRNA Involvement in Signaling Pathways During Viral Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:143. [PMID: 32211411 PMCID: PMC7075948 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of miRNAs started in 1993, when Lee et al. observed their involvement in the downregulation of a crucial protein known as LIN-14 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Since then, great progress has been made regarding research on microRNAs, which are now known to be involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes in both animals and humans. One such example is represented by their interaction with various signaling pathways during viral infections. It has been observed that these pathogens can induce the up-/downregulation of various host miRNAs in order to elude the host’s immune system. In contrast, some miRNAs studied could have an antiviral effect, enabling the defense mechanisms to fight the infection or, at the very least, they could induce the pathogen to enter a latent state. At the same time, some viruses encode their own miRNAs, which could further modulate the host’s signaling pathways, thus favoring the survival and replication of the virus. The goal of this extensive literature review was to present how miRNAs are involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways in some of the most important and well-studied human viral infections. Further on, knowing which miRNAs are involved in various viral infections and what role they play could aid in the development of antiviral therapeutic agents for certain diseases that do not have a definitive cure in the present. The clinical applications of miRNAs are extremely important, as miRNAs targeted inhibition may have substantial therapeutic impact. Inhibition of miRNAs can be achieved through many different methods, but chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides have shown the most prominent effects. Though scientists are far from completely understanding all the molecular mechanisms behind the complex cross-talks between miRNA pathways and viral infections, the general knowledge is increasing on the different roles played by miRNAs during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Gabriela Barbu
- Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Claudia Thompson
- Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Larisa Bugnar
- Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Daniela Toader
- Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Bucharest, Romania.,Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Cristian Voinea
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Xing M, Li P, Wang X, Li J, Shi J, Qin J, Zhang X, Ma Y, Francia G, Zhang JY. Overexpression of p62/IMP2 can Promote Cell Migration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010007. [PMID: 31861402 PMCID: PMC7017416 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
p62/IMP2 is an oncofetal protein that was first reported as a tumor-associated antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our previous studies, we demonstrated a high frequency of p62/IMP2 autoantibodies appearing in various types of cancer. Therefore, we hypothesize that p62/IMP2 plays an important role in the progression of HCC, although the mechanism remains to be explored. In this study, we evaluated the expression of p62/IMP2 protein both in human tissues and liver cancer cell lines by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis and found that p62/IMP2 protein is overexpressed in human HCC tissue in comparison to normal human liver tissue. To explore the role that p62/IMP2 plays in HCC, p62/IMP2 was knocked out in two p62/IMP2-positive liver cancer cell lines (SNU449 and HepG2). Due to the low expression level of p62/IMP2 in SNU449, we overexpressed p62/IMP2 in this cell line. We subsequently demonstrated that high expression of p62/IMP2 in both cell lines can promote cell migration and invasion abilities in vitro by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We also used the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, XAV 939, and a phosphoproteome assay to confirm our findings. Conclusion: Our results suggest that p62/IMP2 is an essential regulator of Wnt signaling pathways and plays an important role in HCC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Xing
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Henan Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jitian Li
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Henan Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiejie Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yangcheng Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Giulio Francia
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (J.-Y.Z.)
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences & NIH-Sponsored Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (M.X.); (P.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (J.S.); (J.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (J.-Y.Z.)
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25
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Recombinant Rotaviruses Rescued by Reverse Genetics Reveal the Role of NSP5 Hyperphosphorylation in the Assembly of Viral Factories. J Virol 2019; 94:JVI.01110-19. [PMID: 31619556 PMCID: PMC6912106 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01110-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rotavirus (RV) double-stranded RNA genome is replicated and packaged into virus progeny in cytoplasmic structures termed viroplasms. The nonstructural protein NSP5, which undergoes a complex hyperphosphorylation process during RV infection, is required for the formation of these virus-induced organelles. However, its roles in viroplasm formation and RV replication have never been directly assessed due to the lack of a fully tractable reverse-genetics (RG) system for rotaviruses. Here, we show a novel application of a recently developed RG system by establishing a stable trans-complementing NSP5-producing cell line required to rescue rotaviruses with mutations in NSP5. This approach allowed us to provide the first direct evidence of the pivotal role of this protein during RV replication. Furthermore, using recombinant RV mutants, we shed light on the molecular mechanism of NSP5 hyperphosphorylation during infection and its involvement in the assembly and maturation of replication-competent viroplasms. Rotavirus (RV) replicates in round-shaped cytoplasmic viral factories, although how they assemble remains unknown. During RV infection, NSP5 undergoes hyperphosphorylation, which is primed by the phosphorylation of a single serine residue. The role of this posttranslational modification in the formation of viroplasms and its impact on virus replication remain obscure. Here, we investigated the role of NSP5 during RV infection by taking advantage of a modified fully tractable reverse-genetics system. A trans-complementing cell line stably producing NSP5 was used to generate and characterize several recombinant rotaviruses (rRVs) with mutations in NSP5. We demonstrate that an rRV lacking NSP5 was completely unable to assemble viroplasms and to replicate, confirming its pivotal role in rotavirus replication. A number of mutants with impaired NSP5 phosphorylation were generated to further interrogate the function of this posttranslational modification in the assembly of replication-competent viroplasms. We showed that the rRV mutant strains exhibited impaired viral replication and the ability to assemble round-shaped viroplasms in MA104 cells. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism of NSP5 hyperphosphorylation during RV infection using NSP5 phosphorylation-negative rRV strains, as well as MA104-derived stable transfectant cell lines expressing either wild-type NSP5 or selected NSP5 deletion mutants. Our results indicate that NSP5 hyperphosphorylation is a crucial step for the assembly of round-shaped viroplasms, highlighting the key role of the C-terminal tail of NSP5 in the formation of replication-competent viral factories. Such a complex NSP5 phosphorylation cascade may serve as a paradigm for the assembly of functional viral factories in other RNA viruses. IMPORTANCE The rotavirus (RV) double-stranded RNA genome is replicated and packaged into virus progeny in cytoplasmic structures termed viroplasms. The nonstructural protein NSP5, which undergoes a complex hyperphosphorylation process during RV infection, is required for the formation of these virus-induced organelles. However, its roles in viroplasm formation and RV replication have never been directly assessed due to the lack of a fully tractable reverse-genetics (RG) system for rotaviruses. Here, we show a novel application of a recently developed RG system by establishing a stable trans-complementing NSP5-producing cell line required to rescue rotaviruses with mutations in NSP5. This approach allowed us to provide the first direct evidence of the pivotal role of this protein during RV replication. Furthermore, using recombinant RV mutants, we shed light on the molecular mechanism of NSP5 hyperphosphorylation during infection and its involvement in the assembly and maturation of replication-competent viroplasms.
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26
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Abstract
Tendons connect muscles to bones to transfer the forces necessary for movement. Cell-cell junction proteins, cadherins and connexins, may play a role in tendon development and injury. In this review, we begin by highlighting current understanding of how cell-cell junctions may regulate embryonic tendon development and differentiation. We then examine cell-cell junctions in postnatal tendon, before summarizing the role of cadherins and connexins in adult tendons. More information exists regarding the role of cell-cell junctions in the formation and homeostasis of other musculoskeletal tissues, namely cartilage and bone. Therefore, to inform future tendon studies, we include a brief survey of cadherins and connexins in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, and summarize how cell-cell junctions are involved in some musculoskeletal tissue pathologies. An enhanced understanding of how cell-cell junctions participate in tendon development, maintenance, and disease will benefit future regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jett B Murray
- Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
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27
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Wang Z, Yin ZT, Zhang F, Li XQ, Chen SR, Yang N, Porter TE, Hou Z. Dynamics of transcriptome changes during subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:688. [PMID: 31477016 PMCID: PMC6720933 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pekin duck is an important animal model for its ability for fat synthesis and deposition. However, transcriptional dynamic regulation of adipose differentiation driven by complex signal cascades remains largely unexplored in this model. This study aimed to explore adipogenic transcriptional dynamics before (proliferation) and after (differentiation) initial preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. RESULTS Exogenous oleic acid alone successfully induced duck subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation. We explored 36 mRNA-seq libraries in order to study transcriptome dynamics during proliferation and differentiation processes at 6 time points. Using robust statistical analysis, we identified 845, 652, 359, 2401 and 1933 genes differentially expressed between -48 h and 0 h, 0 h and 12 h, 12 h and 24 h, 24 h and 48 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively (FDR < 0.05, FC > 1.5). At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. Moreover, we identified and classified more than 100 transcription factors that showed significant changes during differentiation, and found novel transcription factors that were not reported to be related to preadipoctye differentiation. Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome dynamics of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. The current study provides a solid basis for understanding the synthesis and deposition of subcutaneous fat in ducks. Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of duck adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si-Rui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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28
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Toledo C, Lucero C, Andrade DC, Díaz HS, Schwarz KG, Pereyra KV, Arce-Álvarez A, López NA, Martinez M, Inestrosa NC, Del Rio R. Cognitive impairment in heart failure is associated with altered Wnt signaling in the hippocampus. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5924-5942. [PMID: 31447429 PMCID: PMC6738419 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age represents the highest risk factor for death due to cardiovascular disease. Heart failure (HF) is the most common cardiovascular disease in elder population and it is associated with cognitive impairment (CI), diminishing learning and memory process affecting life quality and mortality in these patients. In HF, CI has been associated with inadequate O2 supply to the brain; however, an important subset of HF patients displays CI with almost no alteration in cerebral blood flow. Importantly, nothing is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning CI in HF with no change in brain tissue perfusion. Here, we aimed to study memory performance and learning function in a rodent model of HF that shows no change in blood flow going to the brain. We found that HF rats presented learning impairments and memory loss. In addition, HF rats displayed a decreased level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream elements in the hippocampus, one pathway implicated largely in aging diseases. Taken together, our results suggest that in HF rats CI is associated with dysfunction of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The mechanisms involved in the alterations of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HF and its contribution to the development/maintenance of CI deserves future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia de Biomedicina en Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Claudia Lucero
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherin V Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás A López
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Milka Martinez
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia de Biomedicina en Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia de Biomedicina en Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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29
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Toledo C, Andrade DC, Díaz HS, Inestrosa NC, Del Rio R. Neurocognitive Disorders in Heart Failure: Novel Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underpinning Memory Loss and Learning Impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8035-8051. [PMID: 31165973 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health issue affecting more than 26 million people worldwide. HF is the most common cardiovascular disease in elder population; and it is associated with neurocognitive function decline, which represent underlying brain pathology diminishing learning and memory faculties. Both HF and neurocognitive impairment are associated with recurrent hospitalization episodes and increased mortality rate in older people, but particularly when they occur simultaneously. Overall, the published studies seem to confirm that HF patients display functional impairments relating to attention, memory, concentration, learning, and executive functioning compared with age-matched controls. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underpinning neurocognitive decline in HF. The present review round step recent evidence related to the possible molecular mechanism involved in the establishment of neurocognitive disorders during HF. We will make a special focus on cerebral ischemia, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, Wnt signaling, and mitochondrial DNA alterations as possible mechanisms associated with cognitive decline in HF. Also, we provide an integrative mechanism linking pathophysiological hallmarks of altered cardiorespiratory control and the development of cognitive dysfunction in HF patients. Graphical Abstract Main molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of cognitive impairment during heart failure. Heart failure is characterized by chronic activation of brain areas responsible for increasing cardiac sympathetic load. In addition, HF patients also show neurocognitive impairment, suggesting that the overall mechanisms that underpin cardiac sympathoexcitation may be related to the development of cognitive disorders in HF. In low cardiac output, HF cerebral infarction due to cardiac mural emboli and cerebral ischemia due to chronic or intermittent cerebral hypoperfusion has been described as a major mechanism related to the development of CI. In addition, while acute norepinephrine (NE) release may be relevant to induce neural plasticity in the hippocampus, chronic or tonic release of NE may exert the opposite effects due to desensitization of the adrenergic signaling pathway due to receptor internalization. Enhanced chemoreflex drive is a major source of sympathoexcitation in HF, and this phenomenon elevates brain ROS levels and induces neuroinflammation through breathing instability. Importantly, both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and vice versa. Then, this ROS inflammatory pathway may propagate within the brain and potentially contribute to the development of cognitive impairment in HF through the activation/inhibition of key molecular pathways involved in neurocognitive decline such as the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de investigación en fisiología del ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - H S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N C Inestrosa
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - R Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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30
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Majumdar T, Sharma S, Kumar M, Hussain MA, Chauhan N, Kalia I, Sahu AK, Rana VS, Bharti R, Haldar AK, Singh AP, Mazumder S. Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway attenuates β-catenin-dependent pro-parasitic role of STING-TICAM2-IRF3-IDO1 signalosome in Toxoplasma gondii infection. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:161. [PMID: 30770800 PMCID: PMC6377608 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have documented the diverse role of host immunity in infection by the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. However, the contribution of the β-catenin pathway in this process has not been explored. Here, we show that AKT-mediated phosphorylated β-catenin supports T. gondii multiplication which is arrested in the deficiency of its phosphorylation domain at S552 position. The β-catenin-TCF4 protein complex binds to the promoter region of IRF3 gene and initiates its transcription, which was also abrogated in β-catenin knockout cells. TBK-independent phosphorylation of STING(S366) and its adaptor molecule TICAM2 by phospho-AKT(T308S473) augmented downstream IRF3-dependent IDO1 transcription, which was also dependent on β-catenin. But, proteasomal degradation of IDO1 by its tyrosine phosphorylation (at Y115 and Y253) favoured parasite replication. In absence of IDO1, tryptophan was catabolized into melatonin, which supressed cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and boosted parasite growth. Conversely, when tyrosine phosphorylation was abolished by phosphosite mutations, IDO1 escaped its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation system (UPS) and the stable IDO1 prevented parasite replication by kynurenine synthesis. We propose that T. gondii selectively utilizes tryptophan to produce the antioxidant, melatonin, thus prolonging the survival of infected cells through functional AKT and β-catenin activity for better parasite replication. Stable IDO1 in the presence of IFN-γ catabolized tryptophan into kynurenine, promoting cell death by suppressing phospho-AKT and phospho-β-catenin levels, and circumvented parasite replication. Treatment of infected cells with kynurenine or its analogue, teriflunomide suppressed kinase activity of AKT, and phosphorylation of β-catenin triggering caspase-3 dependent apoptosis of infected cells to inhibit parasite growth. Our results demonstrate that β-catenin regulate phosphorylated STING-TICAM2-IRF3-IDO1 signalosome for a cell-intrinsic pro-parasitic role. We propose that the downstream IRF3-IDO1-reliant tryptophan catabolites and their analogues can act as effective immunotherapeutic molecules to control T. gondii replication by impairing the AKT and β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Majumdar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Shagun Sharma
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Manmohan Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Md Arafat Hussain
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Namita Chauhan
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Inderjeet Kalia
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sahu
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vipin Singh Rana
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ruchi Bharti
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Kumar Haldar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Ext., Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Agam P Singh
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Goulet CR, Champagne A, Bernard G, Vandal D, Chabaud S, Pouliot F, Bolduc S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells through paracrine IL-6 signalling. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:137. [PMID: 30744595 PMCID: PMC6371428 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), activated by tumour cells, are the predominant type of stromal cells in cancer tissue and play an important role in interacting with neoplastic cells to promote cancer progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key feature of metastatic cells. However, the mechanism by which CAFs induce EMT program in bladder cancer cells remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the role of CAFs in bladder cancer progression, healthy primary bladder fibroblasts (HFs) were induced into CAFs (iCAFs) by bladder cancer-derived exosomes. Effect of conditioned medium from iCAFs (CM iCAF) on EMT markers expression of non-invasive RT4 bladder cancer cell line was determined by qPCR and Western blot. IL6 expression in iCAFs was evaluated by ELISA and Western blot. RT4 cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed in CM iCAF +/- anti-IL6 neutralizing antibody using cyQUANT assay, scratch test and transwell chamber respectively. We investigated IL6 expression relevance for bladder cancer progression by querying gene expression datasets of human bladder cancer specimens from TCGA and GEO genomic data platforms. RESULTS Cancer exosome-treated HFs showed CAFs characteristics with high expression levels of αSMA and FAP. We showed that the CM iCAF induces the upregulation of mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin and vimentin, while repressing epithelial markers E-cadherin and p-ß-catenin expression in non-invasive RT4 cells. Moreover, EMT transcription factors SNAIL1, TWIST1 and ZEB1 were upregulated in CM iCAF-cultured RT4 cells compared to control. We also showed that the IL-6 cytokine was highly expressed by CAFs, and its receptor IL-6R was found on RT4 bladder cancer cells. The culture of RT4 bladder cancer cells with CM iCAF resulted in markedly promoted cell growth, migration and invasion. Importantly, inhibition of CAFs-secreted IL-6 by neutralizing antibody significantly reversed the IL-6-induced EMT phenotype, suggesting that this cytokine is necessary for CAF-induced EMT in the progression of human bladder cancer. Finally, we observed that IL6 expression is up-regulated in aggressive bladder cancer and correlate with CAF marker ACTA2. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CAFs promote aggressive phenotypes of non-invasive bladder cancer cells through an EMT induced by the secretion of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Ringuette Goulet
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Audrey Champagne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Dominique Vandal
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, 1401, 18e rue, Quebec city, Québec G1J 1Z4 Canada
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Patnaik SR, Kretschmer V, Brücker L, Schneider S, Volz AK, Oancea-Castillo LDR, May-Simera HL. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome proteins regulate cilia disassembly during tissue maturation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:757-775. [PMID: 30446775 PMCID: PMC11105770 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are conserved organelles that mediate cellular communication crucial for organogenesis and homeostasis in numerous tissues. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a ciliated monolayer in the eye that borders the retina and is vital for visual function. Maturation of the RPE is absolutely critical for visual function and the role of the primary cilium in this process has been largely ignored to date. We show that primary cilia are transiently present during RPE development and that as the RPE matures, primary cilia retract, and gene expression of ciliary disassembly components decline. We observe that ciliary-associated BBS proteins protect against HDAC6-mediated ciliary disassembly via their recruitment of Inversin to the base of the primary cilium. Inhibition of ciliary disassembly components was able to rescue ciliary length defects in BBS deficient cells. This consequently affects ciliary regulation of Wnt signaling. Our results shed light onto the mechanisms by which cilia-mediated signaling facilitates tissue maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Rani Patnaik
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Viola Kretschmer
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lena Brücker
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Schneider
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Volz
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Helen Louise May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Braz CU, Taylor JF, Bresolin T, Espigolan R, Feitosa FLB, Carvalheiro R, Baldi F, de Albuquerque LG, de Oliveira HN. Sliding window haplotype approaches overcome single SNP analysis limitations in identifying genes for meat tenderness in Nelore cattle. BMC Genet 2019; 20:8. [PMID: 30642245 PMCID: PMC6332854 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) can be inefficient because single SNPs provide limited genetic information about genomic regions. On the other hand, using haplotypes in the statistical analysis may increase the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between haplotypes and causal variants and may also potentially capture epistastic interactions between variants within a haplotyped locus, providing an increase in the power and robustness of the association studies. We performed GWAA (413,355 SNP markers) using haplotypes based on variable-sized sliding windows and compared the results to a single-SNP GWAA using Warner-Bratzler shear force measured in the longissimus thorasis muscle of 3161 Nelore bulls to ascertain the optimal window size for identifying the genomic regions that influence meat tenderness. Results The GWAA using single SNPs identified eight variants influencing meat tenderness on BTA 3, 4, 9, 10 and 11. However, thirty-three putative meat tenderness QTL were detected on BTA 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 24, 25, 26 and 29 using variable-sized sliding haplotype windows. Analyses using sliding window haplotypes of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 SNPs identified 57, 61, 42, 39, and 21% of all thirty-three putative QTL regions, respectively; however, the analyses using the 3 and 5 SNP haplotypes, cumulatively detected 88% of the putative QTL. The genes associated with variation in meat tenderness participate in myogenesis, neurogenesis, lipid and fatty acid metabolism and skeletal muscle structure or composition processes. Conclusions GWAA using haplotypes based on variable-sized sliding windows allowed the detection of more QTL than traditional single-SNP GWAA. Analyses using smaller haplotypes (3 and 5 SNPs) detected a higher proportion of the putative QTL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0713-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila U Braz
- Animal Science Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 144884-900, Brazil.
| | - Jeremy F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Tiago Bresolin
- Animal Science Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 144884-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Espigolan
- Animal Science Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 144884-900, Brazil
| | - Fabieli L B Feitosa
- Animal Science Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 144884-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Animal Science Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 144884-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Animal Science Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 144884-900, Brazil
| | - Lucia G de Albuquerque
- Animal Science Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 144884-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique N de Oliveira
- Animal Science Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 144884-900, Brazil.
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Panicker LM, Srikanth MP, Castro-Gomes T, Miller D, Andrews NW, Feldman RA. Gaucher disease iPSC-derived osteoblasts have developmental and lysosomal defects that impair bone matrix deposition. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:811-822. [PMID: 29301038 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by bi-allelic mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Individuals affected by GD have hematologic, visceral and bone abnormalities, and in severe cases there is also neurodegeneration. To shed light on the mechanisms by which mutant GBA1 causes bone disease, we examined the ability of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from patients with Types 1, 2 and 3 GD, to differentiate to osteoblasts and carry out bone deposition. Differentiation of GD iPSC to osteoblasts revealed that these cells had developmental defects and lysosomal abnormalities that interfered with bone matrix deposition. Compared with controls, GD iPSC-derived osteoblasts exhibited reduced expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, and bone matrix protein and mineral deposition were defective. Concomitantly, canonical Wnt/β catenin signaling in the mutant osteoblasts was downregulated, whereas pharmacological Wnt activation with the GSK3β inhibitor CHIR99021 rescued GD osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix deposition. Importantly, incubation with recombinant GCase (rGCase) rescued the differentiation and bone-forming ability of GD osteoblasts, demonstrating that the abnormal GD phenotype was caused by GCase deficiency. GD osteoblasts were also defective in their ability to carry out Ca2+-dependent exocytosis, a lysosomal function that is necessary for bone matrix deposition. We conclude that normal GCase enzymatic activity is required for the differentiation and bone-forming activity of osteoblasts. Furthermore, the rescue of bone matrix deposition by pharmacological activation of Wnt/β catenin in GD osteoblasts uncovers a new therapeutic target for the treatment of bone abnormalities in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelamma M Panicker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Manasa P Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Diana Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Norma W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ricardo A Feldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Bonney S, Dennison BJC, Wendlandt M, Siegenthaler JA. Retinoic Acid Regulates Endothelial β-catenin Expression and Pericyte Numbers in the Developing Brain Vasculature. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:476. [PMID: 30568578 PMCID: PMC6290079 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of brain vascular properties, like tight junctions and pericytes, to form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for a properly functioning central nervous system (CNS). Endothelial WNT signaling is a known driver of brain vascular development and BBB properties, however, it is unclear how endothelial WNT signaling is regulated. We recently showed that mouse embryos with disruptions in endothelial retinoic acid (RA) signaling have ectopic WNT signaling in the brain vasculature. Using immunohistochemistical analysis, we show that increased vascular WNT signaling in RA mutants (Pdgfbicre; dnRAR403-flox and Rdh10 mutants) is associated with elevated expression of the WNT transcriptional effector, β-catenin, in the brain endothelium. In vitro immunocytochemistry and proximity ligation studies in brain endothelial cells reveal that RA, through its receptor RARα, regulates β-catenin expression in brain endothelial cells via transcriptional suppression and phosphorylation events that targets β-catenin for proteasomal degradation, the latter dependent on PKCα. We find that one function of RA in regulating vascular WNT signaling is to modulate the pericyte numbers in the developing brain vasculature. RA-mediated regulation of vascular WNT signaling could be needed to prevent over-recruitment of pericytes that might impair endothelial-pericyte interactions crucial for vascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bonney
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.,Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brenna J C Dennison
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.,Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Megan Wendlandt
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julie A Siegenthaler
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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Abstract
Programmable nucleases can introduce precise changes to genomic DNA through homology-directed repair (HDR). Unfortunately, HDR is largely restricted to mitotic cells, and is typically accompanied by an excess of stochastic insertions and deletions (indels). Here we present an in vivo base editing strategy that addresses these limitations. We use nuclease-free base editing to install a S33F mutation in β-catenin that blocks β-catenin phosphorylation, impedes β-catenin degradation, and upregulates Wnt signaling. In vitro, base editing installs the S33F mutation with a 200-fold higher editing:indel ratio than HDR. In post-mitotic cells in mouse inner ear, injection of base editor protein:RNA:lipid installs this mutation, resulting in Wnt activation that induces mitosis of cochlear supporting cells and cellular reprogramming. In contrast, injection of HDR agents does not induce Wnt upregulation. These results establish a strategy for modifying posttranslational states in signaling pathways, and an approach to precision editing in post-mitotic tissues. Base editing allows the precise introduction of point mutations into cellular DNA without requiring double-stranded DNA breaks or homology-directed repair, which is inefficient in postmitotic cells. Here the authors demonstrate in vivo base editing of post-mitotic somatic cells in the postnatal mouse inner ear with physiological outcomes.
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37
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The anti-cancer activity of an andrographolide analogue functions through a GSK-3β-independent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7924. [PMID: 29784906 PMCID: PMC5962551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a key role in the progression of human colorectal cancers (CRCs) and is one of the leading targets of chemotherapy agents developed for CRC. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of 19-O-triphenylmethyl andrographolide (RS-PP-050), an andrographolide analogue and determine its activity in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. RS-PP-050 was found to potently inhibit the proliferation and survival of HT-29 CRC cells. It induces cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptotic cell death which was associated with the activation of PARP-1 and p53. Furthermore, RS-PP-050 exerts inhibitory effects on β-catenin transcription by suppressing T-cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) activity in cells overexpressing β-catenin and by down-regulating the endogenous expression of Wnt target genes. RS-PP-050 also decreased the protein expression of the active form of β-catenin but functions independently of GSK-3β, a negative regulator of Wnt. Interestingly, RS-PP-050 extensively blocks phosphorylation at Ser675 of β-catenin which links to interference of the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and might contribute to Wnt inactivation. Collectively, our findings reveal the underlying anti-cancer mechanism of an andrographolide analogue and provide useful insight for exploiting a newly chemotherapeutic agent in Wnt/β-catenin-overexpressing CRC cells.
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Rai-Bhogal R, Wong C, Kissoondoyal A, Davidson J, Li H, Crawford DA. Maternal exposure to prostaglandin E 2 modifies expression of Wnt genes in mouse brain - An autism connection. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:43-53. [PMID: 29872733 PMCID: PMC5986660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid signaling molecule important for brain development and function. Various genetic and environmental factors can influence the level of PGE2 and increase the risk of developing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We have previously shown that in neuronal cell lines and mouse brain, PGE2 can interfere with the Wnt canonical pathway, which is essential during early brain development. Higher levels of PGE2 increased Wnt-dependent motility and proliferation of neuroectodermal stem cells, and modified the expression of Wnt genes previously linked to autism disorders. We also recently established a cross-talk between these two pathways in the prenatal mouse brain lacking PGE2 producing enzyme (COX-/-). The current study complements the published data and reveals that PGE2 signaling also converges with the Wnt canonical pathway in the developing mouse brain after maternal exposure to PGE2 at the onset of neurogenesis. We found significant changes in the expression level of Wnt-target genes, Mmp7, Wnt2, and Wnt3a, during prenatal and early postnatal stages. Interestingly, we observed variability in the expression level of these genes between genetically-identical pups within the same pregnancy. Furthermore, we found that all the affected genes have been previously associated with disorders of the central nervous system, including autism. We determined that prenatal exposure to PGE2 affects the Wnt pathway at the level of β-catenin, the major downstream regulator of Wnt-dependent gene transcription. We discuss how these results add new knowledge into the molecular mechanisms by which PGE2 may interfere with neuronal development during critical periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Rai-Bhogal
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Christine Wong
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Ashby Kissoondoyal
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Jennilee Davidson
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Dorota A Crawford
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
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Sucre JMS, Deutsch GH, Jetter CS, Ambalavanan N, Benjamin JT, Gleaves LA, Millis BA, Young LR, Blackwell TS, Kropski JA, Guttentag SH. A Shared Pattern of β-Catenin Activation in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:853-862. [PMID: 29355514 PMCID: PMC5866104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary for normal lung development, and abnormal Wnt signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of both bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), fibrotic lung diseases that occur during infancy and aging, respectively. Using a library of human normal and diseased human lung samples, we identified a distinct signature of nuclear accumulation of β-catenin phosphorylated at tyrosine 489 and epithelial cell cytosolic localization of β-catenin phosphorylated at tyrosine 654 in early normal lung development and fibrotic lung diseases BPD and IPF. Furthermore, this signature was recapitulated in murine models of BPD and IPF. Image analysis of immunofluorescence colocalization demonstrated a consistent pattern of elevated nuclear phosphorylated β-catenin in the lung epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme in BPD and IPF, closely resembling the pattern observed in 18-week fetal lung. Nuclear β-catenin phosphorylated at tyrosine 489 associated with an increased expression of Wnt target gene AXIN2, suggesting that the observed β-catenin signature is of functional significance during normal development and injury repair. The association of specific modifications of β-catenin during normal lung development and again in response to lung injury supports the widely held concept that repair of lung injury involves the recapitulation of developmental programs. Furthermore, these observations suggest that β-catenin phosphorylation has potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of both BPD and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M S Sucre
- Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher S Jetter
- Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - John T Benjamin
- Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bryan A Millis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susan H Guttentag
- Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Gao H, Sun B, Fu H, Chi X, Wang F, Qi X, Hu J, Shao S. PDIA6 promotes the proliferation of HeLa cells through activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53289-53298. [PMID: 27462866 PMCID: PMC5288186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase family 6 (PDIA6) belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, which function as isomerases and molecular chaperones. PDIA6 has recently been shown to promote the proliferation and growth of various types of human cancer cells; however the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that PDIA6 enhances the proliferation of HeLa cells through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Ectopic overexpression of PDIA6 in HeLa cells led to increased cell proliferation accompanied with accelerated cell cycle progression. Further mechanistic investigation demonstrated that overexpression of PDIA6 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser45 and Ser33/Ser37/Thr41, while increased β-catenin nuclear accumulation, and upregulation of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling target genes cyclinD1 and c-myc, which was abolished by ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor MG132. These results demonstrated that PDIA6 overexpression promoted the proliferation of HeLa cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of β-catenin, thereby inhibiting the degradation of β-catenin through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hailu Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinming Chi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shujuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Abstract
Nuclear activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for cell proliferation in inflammation and cancer. Studies from our group indicate that β-catenin activation in colitis and colorectal cancer (CRC) correlates with increased nuclear levels of β-catenin phosphorylated at serine 552 (pβ-Cat552). Biochemical analysis of nuclear extracts from cancer biopsies revealed the existence of low molecular weight (LMW) pβ-Cat552, increased to the exclusion of full size (FS) forms of β-catenin. LMW β-catenin lacks both termini, leaving residues in the armadillo repeat intact. Further experiments showed that TCF4 predominantly binds LMW pβ-Cat552 in the nucleus of inflamed and cancerous cells. Nuclear chromatin bound localization of LMW pβ-Cat552 was blocked in cells by inhibition of proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity but not by other protease inhibitors. K48 polyubiquitinated FS and LMW β-catenin were increased by treatment with bortezomib. Overexpressed in vitro double truncated β-catenin increased transcriptional activity, cell proliferation and growth of tumor xenografts compared to FS β-catenin. Serine 552-> alanin substitution abrogated K48 polyubiquitination, β-catenin nuclear translocation and tumor xenograft growth. These data suggest that a novel proteasome-dependent posttranslational modification of β-catenin enhances transcriptional activation. Discovery of this pathway may be helpful in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools in colitis and cancer.
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Liu S, Zhou F, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Yin H, Zeng Y, Liu J, Yan Z, Liu X. Fluid shear stress induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Hep-2 cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32876-92. [PMID: 27096955 PMCID: PMC5078059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies with high occurrence of tumor metastasis, which usually exposes to fluid shear stress (FSS) in lymphatic channel and blood vessel. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism that induces metastasis and invasion of tumors. We hypothesized that FSS induced a progression of EMT in laryngeal squamous carcinoma. Accordingly, the Hep-2 cells were exposed to 1.4 dyn/cm2 FSS for different durations. Our results showed that most of cells changed their morphology from polygon to elongated spindle with well-organized F-actin and abundant lamellipodia/filopodia in protrusions. After removing the FSS, cells gradually recovered their flat polygon morphology. FSS induced Hep-2 cells to enhance their migration capacity in a time-dependent manner. In addition, FSS down-regulated E-cadherin, and simultaneously up-regulated N-cadherin, translocated β-catenin into the nucleus. These results confirmed that FSS induced the EMT in Hep-2 cells, and revealed a reversible mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) process when FSS was removed. We further examined the time-expressions of signaling cascades, and demonstrated that FSS induces the EMT and enhances cell migration depending on integrin-ILK/PI3K-AKT-Snail signaling events. The current study suggests that FSS, an important biophysical factor in tumor microenvironment, is a potential determinant of cell behavior and function regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Fating Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongmei Yin
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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43
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Awad O, Panicker LM, Deranieh RM, Srikanth MP, Brown RA, Voit A, Peesay T, Park TS, Zambidis ET, Feldman RA. Altered Differentiation Potential of Gaucher's Disease iPSC Neuronal Progenitors due to Wnt/β-Catenin Downregulation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1853-1867. [PMID: 29198828 PMCID: PMC5785733 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher’s disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the GBA1 gene, which encodes acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Severe GBA1 mutations cause neuropathology that manifests soon after birth, suggesting that GCase deficiency interferes with neuronal development. We found that neuronopathic GD induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) exhibit developmental defects due to downregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and that GD iPSCs’ ability to differentiate to dopaminergic (DA) neurons was strikingly reduced due to early loss of DA progenitors. Incubation of the mutant cells with the Wnt activator CHIR99021 (CHIR) or with recombinant GCase restored Wnt/β-catenin signaling and rescued DA differentiation. We also found that GD NPCs exhibit lysosomal dysfunction, which may be involved in Wnt downregulation by mutant GCase. We conclude that neuronopathic mutations in GCase lead to neurodevelopmental abnormalities due to a critical requirement of this enzyme for canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling at early stages of neurogenesis. Neuronopathic GBA1 mutations attenuate canonical Wnt signaling in iPSC-derived NPCs GD NPC differentiation to DA neurons impaired due to early loss of DA progenitors GBA1-mediated lysosomal alterations may be involved in Wnt signal downregulation The Wnt pathway may be a potential new therapeutic target for neuronopathic GD
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Awad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Leelamma M Panicker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rania M Deranieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Manasa P Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert A Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Antanina Voit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tejasvi Peesay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tea Soon Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elias T Zambidis
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ricardo A Feldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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44
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Fabbri C, Gibiino G, Fornelli A, Cennamo V, Grifoni D, Visani M, Acquaviva G, Fassan M, Fiorino S, Giovanelli S, Bassi M, Ghersi S, Tallini G, Jovine E, Gasbarrini A, de Biase D. Team work and cytopathology molecular diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions. Dig Endosc 2017; 29:657-666. [PMID: 28190274 DOI: 10.1111/den.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-associated death in the next decade or so. It is widely accepted that tumorigenesis is linked to specific alterations in key genes and pancreatic neoplasms are some of the best characterized at the genomic level. Recent whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing analyses confirmed that PDAC is frequently characterized by mutations in a set of four genes among others: KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A/p16, and SMAD4. Sequencing, for example, is the preferable technique available for detecting KRAS mutations, whereas in situ immunochemistry is the main approach for detecting TP53 gene alteration. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of PDAC is still a clinical challenge, involving adequate acquisition of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and specific pathological assessment from tissue architecture to specific biomolecular tests. The aim of the present review is to provide a complete overview of the current knowledge of the biology of pancreatic cancer as detected by the latest biomolecular techniques and, moreover, to propose a paradigm for strict teamwork collaboration in order to improve the correct use of diagnostic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fabbri
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Giulia Gibiino
- Medical Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Fornelli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, AUSL of Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cennamo
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Medicine (DIMES), Molecular Diagnostic Unit AUSL of Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Italy
| | - Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (DIMES), Molecular Diagnostic Unit AUSL of Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Anatomic Pathology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Giovanelli
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Marco Bassi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Stefania Ghersi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (DIMES), Molecular Diagnostic Unit AUSL of Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Italy
| | - Elio Jovine
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Medical Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Italy
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45
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Zhao X, Yu D, Yang J, Xue K, Liu Y, Jin C. Knockdown of Snail inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cells through the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:672-678. [PMID: 28806534 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that Snail plays a decisive role in various tumors. However, the direct effect of Snail on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has not been elaborated. In this study, we firstly detected the expression of Snail in 14 samples of patients with LSCC and found that its content was high in cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Then we established LSCC Hep-2 cells with Snail silencing and validated the knockdown efficiency by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Results showed that silencing of Snail significantly inhibited the ability of adhesion, migration, and invasion of Hep-2 cells. Further study revealed that knockdown of Snail suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of Hep-2 cells, as evidenced by downregulation of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, integrin subunit beta 1 (ITGβ1), β-catenin, vimentin, N-cadherin, and fibronectin and upregulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and E-cadherin. Additionally, transfection with the small interfering RNA of VDR reversed the effect induced by Snail silencing in Hep-2 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that knockdown of Snail can inhibit the EMT process of LSCC cells through the VDR signaling pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingpu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshun Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
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46
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Hsu SC, Lo CW, Pan TC, Lee KY, Yu MJ. Serine 235 Is the Primary NS5A Hyperphosphorylation Site Responsible for Hepatitis C Virus Replication. J Virol 2017; 91:e00194-17. [PMID: 28446668 PMCID: PMC5487554 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00194-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a phosphoprotein with two phosphorylation states: hypo- and hyperphosphorylation. Genetic mutation studies have demonstrated a cluster of serine residues responsible for NS5A hyperphosphorylation and functions in viral replication and assembly; however, the phosphorylation levels and potential interactions among the serine residues are unclear. We used three specific antibodies to measure NS5A phosphorylation at S222, S235, and S238 that were identified in our previous proteomics study. In the HCV (J6/JFH-1)-infected Huh7.5.1 cells, S222 phosphorylation was barely detected, whereas S235 phosphorylation and S238 phosphorylation were always detected in parallel in time and intracellular spaces. S235A mutation eliminated S238 phosphorylation whereas S238A mutation did not affect S235 phosphorylation, indicating that S235 phosphorylation occurs independently of S238 phosphorylation while S238 phosphorylation depends on S235 phosphorylation. In line with this, immunoprecipitation coupled with immunoblotting showed that S235 phosphorylation existed alone without S238 phosphorylation, whereas S238 phosphorylation existed only when S235 was phosphorylated on the same NS5A molecule. S235-phosphorylated NS5A constituted the primary hyperphosphorylated NS5A species. S235A mutation blunted viral replication, whereas S238A mutation did not affect replication. We concluded that S235 is the primary NS5A hyperphosphorylation site required for HCV replication. S238 is likely phosphorylated by casein kinase Iα, which requires a priming phosphorylation at S235.IMPORTANCE It has been known for years that the hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) undergoes transition between two phosphorylation states: hypo- and hyperphosphorylation. It is also known that a cluster of serine residues is responsible for NS5A hyperphosphorylation and functions; however, the primary serine residue responsible for NS5A hyperphosphorylation is not clear. Here, we show for the first time that serine 235-phosphorylated NS5A constitutes the primary hyperphosphorylated NS5A species required for viral replication. We also show that NS5A phosphorylation among the serine residues is interdependent and occurs in a directional manner, i.e., phosphorylation at serine 235 leads to phosphorylation at serine 238. Our data provide the first proof-of-principle evidence that NS5A undergoes a sequential phosphorylation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chin Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Pan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiun Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Conditional cell reprogramming involves non-canonical β-catenin activation and mTOR-mediated inactivation of Akt. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180897. [PMID: 28700668 PMCID: PMC5507294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of irradiated fibroblast feeder cells and Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-267362, converts primary epithelial cells growing in vitro into an undifferentiated adult stem cell-like state that is characterized by long-term proliferation. This cell culture method also maintains the proliferation of adult epithelial stem cells from various tissues. Both primary and adult stem cells retain their tissue-specific differentiation potential upon removal of the culture conditions. Due to the ability to modulate the proliferation and differentiation of the cells, this method is referred to as conditional reprogramming and it is increasingly being used in studies of tumor heterogeneity, personalized medicine and regenerative medicine. However, little is known about the biology of these conditionally reprogrammed (CR) cells. Previously we showed that β-catenin activation, a hallmark of stem cells in vivo, occurs in CR human ectocervical cells (HECs). Here we show that β-catenin-dependent transcription is necessary for the induction of epithelial stem cell markers, and that β-catenin is activated via a non-canonical pathway that is independent of Wnt and Akt/GSK-3. Active Akt actually decreases due to increased mTOR signaling, with a consequent increase in dephosphorylated, active GSK-3. Despite the increase in active GSK-3, β-catenin associates with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and is activated. Inhibition of PP2A catalytic activity reduces both the level of active β-catenin and the acute induction of stem cell markers, suggesting an important role for PP2A in the activation of β-catenin. Moreover, we demonstrate similar results using human prostate and breast cells, indicating that these changes are not restricted to ectocervical epithelial cells and may represent a more fundamental property of conditional reprogramming.
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48
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Sezgin E, Azbazdar Y, Ng XW, Teh C, Simons K, Weidinger G, Wohland T, Eggeling C, Ozhan G. Binding of canonical Wnt ligands to their receptor complexes occurs in ordered plasma membrane environments. FEBS J 2017. [PMID: 28626941 PMCID: PMC5599997 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While the cytosolic events of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling (canonical Wnt signaling) pathway have been widely studied, only little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in Wnt binding to its receptors at the plasma membrane. Here, we reveal the influence of the immediate plasma membrane environment on the canonical Wnt–receptor interaction. While the receptors are distributed both in ordered and disordered environments, Wnt binding to its receptors selectively occurs in more ordered membrane environments which appear to cointernalize with the Wnt‐receptor complex. Moreover, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is significantly reduced when the membrane order is disturbed by specific inhibitors of certain lipids that prefer to localize at the ordered environments. Similarly, a reduction in Wnt signaling activity is observed in Niemann–Pick Type C disease cells where trafficking of ordered membrane lipid components to the plasma membrane is genetically impaired. We thus conclude that ordered plasma membrane environments are essential for binding of canonical Wnts to their receptor complexes and downstream signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Xue W Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cathleen Teh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Simons
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Chemistry and Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
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49
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Suppression of a cancer stem-like phenotype mediated by alpha-lipoic acid in human lung cancer cells through down-regulation of β-catenin and Oct-4. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:497-510. [PMID: 28677037 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that possess the ability of self-renewal and multi-potency have been shown to drive tumor progression and metastasis. The majority of recent studies has focused on potential molecules targeting CSCs so as to develop novel strategies for efficient cancer treatment or protection. Here, we show how alpha-lipoic acid (LA), an endogenous mitochondrial anti-oxidant, affects the CSC-like phenotypes of human non-small cell lung cancer-derived H23, H292 and H460 cells. METHODS CSC-like phenotypes were verified by anchorage-independent growth, three-dimensional (3D) spheroid formation and the expression of CSC markers. Enriched CSC populations were used to confirm the effects of LA. Protein ubiquitination and degradation were assessed using immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We found that treatment with LA reduced the CSC-like phenotype, as indicated by a decreased expression of known CSC markers (CD133, CD44, ALDH1A1, Oct-4 and Nanog) in H460 cells. In addition, we found that LA reduced the CSC-related abilities of anchorage-independent growth and 3D spheroid formation, and suppressed factors related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, such as E-cadherin, Vimentin, Slug and Snail. Mechanistically, we found that LA suppresses CSC through depletion of the cellular stemness proteins β-catenin and Oct-4 via decreasing the level of active (phosphorylated) Akt. This resulted in the induction of GSK3β-dependent β-catenin ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation and a decrease in the stabilized (phosphorylated) form of Oct-4. The effects of LA on the CSC-like phenotypes were confirmed in CSC enriched H460, H292 and H23 non-small cell lung cancer-derived cells. CONCLUSION Our data are indicative for a novel regulatory role and underlying mechanism of LA in the negative regulation of a CSC-like phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer-derived cells.
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50
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Zhang J, Corciulo C, Liu H, Wilder T, Ito M, Cronstein B. Adenosine A 2a Receptor Blockade Diminishes Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in a Murine Model of Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1935-1944. [PMID: 28667836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) stimulation promotes the synthesis of collagens I and III, and we have recently demonstrated that there is crosstalk between the A2aR and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. In in vitro studies, A2aR signaling for collagen III expression was mediated by WNT/β-catenin signaling in human dermal fibroblasts; we further verified whether the crosstalk between A2aR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling was involved in diffuse dermal fibrosis in vivo. Wnt-signaling reporter mice (Tcf/Lef:H2B-GFP) were challenged with bleomycin and treated with the selective A2aR antagonist istradefylline (KW6002) or vehicle. Dermal fibrosis was quantitated and nuclear translocation of β-catenin in fibroblasts was assessed by double-staining for Green fluorescent protein or dephosphorylated β-catenin or β-catenin phosphorylated at Ser552, and vimentin. KW6002 significantly reduced skin thickness, skinfold thickness, breaking tension, dermal hydroxyproline content, myofibroblast accumulation, and collagen alignment in bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis. Also, there was increased expression of Tcf/Lef:H2B-GFP reporter in bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis, an effect that was diminished by treatment with KW6002. Moreover, KW6002 significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of Tcf/Lef:H2B-GFP reporter, as well as dephosphorylated β-catenin and β-catenin phosphorylated at Ser552. Our work supports the hypothesis that pharmacologic blockade of A2aR inhibits the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, contributing to its capacity to inhibit dermal fibrosis in diseases such as scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Lihuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hailing Liu
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tuere Wilder
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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