1
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Wu Y, Liu W, Li J, Shi H, Ma S, Wang D, Pan B, Xiao R, Jiang H, Liu X. Decreased Tiam1-mediated Rac1 activation is responsible for impaired directional persistence of chondrocyte migration in microtia. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18443. [PMID: 38837873 PMCID: PMC11149491 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The human auricle has a complex structure, and microtia is a congenital malformation characterized by decreased size and loss of elaborate structure in the affected ear with a high incidence. Our previous studies suggest that inadequate cell migration is the primary cytological basis for the pathogenesis of microtia, however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we further demonstrate that microtia chondrocytes show a decreased directional persistence during cell migration. Directional persistence can define a leading edge associated with oriented movement, and any mistakes would affect cell function and tissue morphology. By the screening of motility-related genes and subsequent confirmations, active Rac1 (Rac1-GTP) is identified to be critical for the impaired directional persistence of microtia chondrocytes migration. Moreover, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and Rho GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) are detected, and overexpression of Tiam1 significantly upregulates the level of Rac1-GTP and improves directional migration in microtia chondrocytes. Consistently, decreased expression patterns of Tiam1 and active Rac1 are found in microtia mouse models, Bmp5se/J and Prkralear-3J/GrsrJ. Collectively, our results provide new insights into microtia development and therapeutic strategies of tissue engineering for microtia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shize Ma
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Jiang
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Muñoz-Sáez E, Moracho N, Learte AIR, Collignon A, Arroyo AG, Noel A, Sounni NE, Sánchez-Camacho C. Molecular Mechanisms Driven by MT4-MMP in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9944. [PMID: 37373092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MT4-MMP (or MMP-17) belongs to the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs), a distinct subset of the MMP family that is anchored to the cell surface, in this case by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) motif. Its expression in a variety of cancers is well documented. However, the molecular mechanisms by which MT4-MMP contributes to tumor development need further investigation. In this review, we aim to summarize the contribution of MT4-MMP in tumorigenesis, focusing on the molecular mechanisms triggered by the enzyme in tumor cell migration, invasiveness, and proliferation, in the tumor vasculature and microenvironment, as well as during metastasis. In particular, we highlight the putative substrates processed and signaling cascades activated by MT4-MMP that may underlie these malignancy processes and compare this with what is known about its role during embryonic development. Finally, MT4-MMP is a relevant biomarker of malignancy that can be used for monitoring cancer progression in patients as well as a potential target for future therapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Muñoz-Sáez
- Department of Health Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Moracho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I R Learte
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice Collignon
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA Cancer, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment Group, GIGA Cancer, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnés Noel
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA Cancer, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nor Eddine Sounni
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA Cancer, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment Group, GIGA Cancer, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Camacho
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Brookes MJ, Roundhill EA, Jeys L, Parry M, Burchill SA, Rankin KS. Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase as predictor of survival and candidate therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29959. [PMID: 36106829 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary bone malignancy, with an urgent need for new treatments. ES is associated with high rates of progression and relapse, driven by drug-resistant cells capable of migration, self-renewal and single-cell tumorigenesis, termed cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a membrane-bound proteolytic enzyme, which, via direct and indirect mechanisms, digests four of the main types of collagen. This can be hijacked in malignancy for invasion and metastasis, with high expression predicting decreased survival in multiple cancers. In this study, we have examined the hypothesis that MT1-MMP is expressed by ES cells and explored the relationship between expression and outcomes. PROCEDURE MT1-MMP expression in ES established cell lines, primary patient-derived cultures and daughter ES-CSCs was characterised by RNA sequencing, Western blotting, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MT1-MMP in tumour biopsies, and the relationship between expression, event-free and overall survival examined. RESULTS MT1-MMP was detected at both RNA and protein levels in five of six established cell lines, all primary cultures (n = 25) and all daughter ES-CSCs (n = 7). Immunohistochemistry of treatment-naïve biopsy tissue demonstrated that high MT1-MMP expression predicted decreased event-free and overall survival (p = .017 and .036, respectively; n = 47); this was not significant in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS MT1-MMP is expressed by ES cells, including ES-CSCs, making it a candidate therapeutic target. The level of MT1-MMP expression at diagnosis may be considered as a prognostic biomarker if validated by retrospective analysis of a larger cohort of clinical trial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Brookes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Roundhill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Lee Jeys
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Parry
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susan A Burchill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Kenneth S Rankin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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4
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Vanadium Modulates Proteolytic Activities and MMP-14-Like Levels during Paracentrotus lividus Embryogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214238. [PMID: 36430713 PMCID: PMC9697301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing industrial use of vanadium (V), as well as its recent medical use in various pathologies has intensified its environmental release, making it an emerging pollutant. The sea urchin embryo has long been used to study the effects induced by metals, including V. In this study we used an integrated approach that correlates the biological effects on embryo development with proteolytic activities of gelatinases that could better reflect any metal-induced imbalances. V-exposure caused morphological/morphometric aberrations, mainly concerning the correct distribution of embryonic cells, the development of the skeleton, and the embryo volume. Moreover, V induced a concentration change in all the gelatinases expressed during embryo development and a reduction in their total proteolytic activity. The presence of three MMP-like gelatinases (MMP-2, -9, and -14) was also demonstrated and their levels depended on V-concentration. In particular, the MMP-14-like protein modified its expression level during embryo development in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This enzyme also showed a specific localization on filopodia, suggesting that primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) could be responsible for its synthesis. In conclusion, these results indicate that an integrated study among morphology/morphometry, proteolytic activity, and MMP-14 expression constitutes an important response profile to V-action.
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5
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Kalev-Altman R, Janssen JN, Ben-Haim N, Levy T, Shitrit-Tovli A, Milgram J, Shahar R, Sela-Donenfeld D, Monsonego-Ornan E. The gelatinases, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, play individual roles in skeleton development. Matrix Biol 2022; 113:100-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a dynamic, multipotent, vertebrate-specific population of embryonic stem cells. These ectodermally-derived cells contribute to diverse tissue types in developing embryos including craniofacial bone and cartilage, the peripheral and enteric nervous systems and pigment cells, among a host of other cell types. Due to their contribution to a significant number of adult tissue types, the mechanisms that drive their formation, migration and differentiation are highly studied. NCCs have a unique ability to transition from tightly adherent epithelial cells to mesenchymal and migratory cells by altering their polarity, expression of cell-cell adhesion molecules and gaining invasive abilities. In this Review, we discuss classical and emerging factors driving NCC epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration, highlighting the role of signaling and transcription factors, as well as novel modifying factors including chromatin remodelers, small RNAs and post-translational regulators, which control the availability and longevity of major NCC players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Crystal D. Rogers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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7
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Liang Z, Yu J, Gu D, Liu X, Liu J, Wu M, Xu M, Shen M, Duan W, Li W. M2-phenotype tumour-associated macrophages upregulate the expression of prognostic predictors MMP14 and INHBA in pancreatic cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1540-1555. [PMID: 35150061 PMCID: PMC8899166 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal tumours, the most common pathological type is pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). In recent year, immune imbalanced in tumour microenvironment has been shown to play an important role in the evolution of tumours progression, and the efficacy of immunotherapy has been gradually demonstrated in clinical practice. In this study, we propose to construct an immune-related prognostic risk model based on immune-related genes MMP14 and INHBA expression that can assess the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients and identify potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer, to provide new ideas for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We also investigate the correlation between macrophage infiltration and MMP14 and INHBA expression. First, the gene expression data of pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and The Genotype-Tissue Expression public database (GTEx). The differentially expressed immune-related genes between pancreatic cancer samples and normal sample were screened by R software. Secondly, univariate Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between immune-related genes and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. A polygenic risk score model was constructed by Cox regression analysis. The prognostic nomogram was constructed, and its performance was evaluated comprehensively by internal calibration curve and C-index. Using the risk model, each patient gets a risk score, and was divided into high- or low- risk groups. The proportion of 22 types of immune cells infiltration in pancreatic cancer samples was inferred by CIBERSOFT algorithm, correlation analysis (Pearson method) was used to analyse the correlation between the immune-related genes and immunes cells. Then, we applied macrophage conditioned medium to culture pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1, detected the expression of MMP14 and INHBA by qRT-PCR and Western blot methods. Knock-down MMP14 and INHBA in PANC1 cells by transfected with shRNA lentiviruses. Detection of migration ability of pancreatic cells was done by trans-well cell migration assay. A subcutaneous xenograft tumour model of human pancreatic cancer in nude mice was constructed. In conclusion, an immune-related gene prognostic model was constructed, patients with high-risk scores have poorer survival status, M2-phenotype tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) up-regulate two immune-related genes, MMP14 and INHBA, which were used to establish the prognostic model. Knock-down of MMP14 and INHBA inhibited invasion of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Wen Liang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Dong‐Mei Gu
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Meng Liu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Meng‐Yao Wu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Meng‐Dan Xu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Meng Shen
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Weiming Duan
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wei Li
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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8
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Li XJ, Morgan C, Goff LA, Doetzlhofer A. Follistatin promotes LIN28B-mediated supporting cell reprogramming and hair cell regeneration in the murine cochlea. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj7651. [PMID: 35148175 PMCID: PMC8836811 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) loss within the inner ear cochlea is a leading cause for deafness in humans. Before the onset of hearing, immature supporting cells (SCs) in neonatal mice have some limited capacity for HC regeneration. Here, we show that in organoid culture, transient activation of the progenitor-specific RNA binding protein LIN28B and Activin antagonist follistatin (FST) enhances regenerative competence of maturing/mature cochlear SCs by reprogramming them into progenitor-like cells. Transcriptome profiling and mechanistic studies reveal that LIN28B drives SC reprogramming, while FST is required to counterbalance hyperactivation of transforming growth factor-β-type signaling by LIN28B. Last, we show that LIN28B and FST coactivation enhances spontaneous cochlear HC regeneration in neonatal mice and that LIN28B may be part of an endogenous repair mechanism that primes SCs for HC regeneration. These findings indicate that SC dedifferentiation is critical for HC regeneration and identify LIN28B and FST as main regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Charles Morgan
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Loyal A. Goff
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angelika Doetzlhofer
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology and Center for Hearing and Balance, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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9
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Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010146. [PMID: 35008569 PMCID: PMC8745566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which affect tissue integrity, immune cell recruitment, and tissue turnover by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components and by releasing matrikines, cell surface-bound cytokines, growth factors, or their receptors. Among the MMPs, MMP-14 is the driving force behind extracellular matrix and tissue destruction during cancer invasion and metastasis. MMP-14 also influences both intercellular as well as cell-matrix communication by regulating the activity of many plasma membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins. Cancer cells and other cells of the tumor stroma, embedded in a common extracellular matrix, interact with their matrix by means of various adhesive structures, of which particularly invadopodia are capable to remodel the matrix through spatially and temporally finely tuned proteolysis. As a deeper understanding of the underlying functional mechanisms is beneficial for the development of new prognostic and predictive markers and for targeted therapies, this review examined the current knowledge of the interplay of the various MMPs in the cancer context on the protein, subcellular, and cellular level with a focus on MMP14.
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10
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Dynamic Expression of Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase (Mt1-mmp/Mmp14) in the Mouse Embryo. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092448. [PMID: 34572097 PMCID: PMC8465375 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
MT1-MMP/MMP14 belongs to a subgroup of the matrix metalloproteinases family that presents a transmembrane domain, with a cytosolic tail and the catalytic site exposed to the extracellular space. Deficient mice for this enzyme result in early postnatal death and display severe defects in skeletal, muscle and lung development. By using a transgenic line expressing the LacZ reporter under the control of the endogenous Mt1-mmp promoter, we reported a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern for Mt1-mmp from early embryonic to perinatal stages during cardiovascular development and brain formation. Thus, Mt1-mmp shows expression in the endocardium of the heart and the truncus arteriosus by E8.5, and is also strongly detected during vascular system development as well as in endothelial cells. In the brain, LacZ reporter expression was detected in the olfactory bulb, the rostral cerebral cortex and the caudal mesencephalic tectum. LacZ-positive cells were observed in neural progenitors of the spinal cord, neural crest cells and the intersomitic region. In the limb, Mt1-mmp expression was restricted to blood vessels, cartilage primordium and muscles. Detection of the enzyme was confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. We suggest novel functions for this metalloproteinase in angiogenesis, endocardial formation and vascularization during organogenesis. Moreover, Mt1-mmp expression revealed that the enzyme may contribute to heart, muscle and brain throughout development.
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11
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Moracho N, Learte AIR, Muñoz-Sáez E, Marchena MA, Cid MA, Arroyo AG, Sánchez-Camacho C. Emerging roles of MT-MMPs in embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:240-275. [PMID: 34241926 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are cell membrane-tethered proteinases that belong to the family of the MMPs. Apart from their roles in degradation of the extracellular milieu, MT-MMPs are able to activate through proteolytic processing at the cell surface distinct molecules such as receptors, growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and other pericellular proteins. Although most of the information regarding these enzymes comes from cancer studies, our current knowledge about their contribution in distinct developmental processes occurring in the embryo is limited. In this review, we want to summarize the involvement of MT-MMPs in distinct processes during embryonic morphogenesis, including cell migration and proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell polarity and branching, axon growth and navigation, synapse formation, and angiogenesis. We also considered information about MT-MMP functions from studies assessed in pathological conditions and compared these data with those relevant for embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moracho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I R Learte
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Sáez
- Department of Health Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Marchena
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Cid
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Camacho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Font-Noguera M, Montemurro M, Benassayag C, Monier B, Suzanne M. Getting started for migration: A focus on EMT cellular dynamics and mechanics in developmental models. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203717. [PMID: 34245942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of epithelial cells into mesenchymal ones, through a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (or EMT) is a reversible process involved in critical steps of animal development as early as gastrulation and throughout organogenesis. In pathological conditions such as aggressive cancers, EMT is often associated with increased drug resistance, motility and invasiveness. The characterisation of the upstream signals and main decision takers, such as the EMT-transcription factors, has led to the identification of a core molecular machinery controlling the specification towards EMT. However, the cellular execution steps of this fundamental shift are poorly described, especially in cancerous cells. Here we review our current knowledge regarding the stepwise nature of EMT in model organisms as diverse as sea urchin, Drosophila, zebrafish, mouse or chicken. We focus on the cellular dynamics and mechanics of the transitional stages by which epithelial cells progressively become mesenchymal and leave the epithelium. We gather the currently available pieces of the puzzle, including the overlooked property of EMT cells to produce mechanical forces along their apico-basal axis before detaching from their neighbours. We discuss the interplay between EMT and the surrounding tissue. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework of EMT cell dynamics from the very first hint of epithelial cell reorganisation to the successful exit from the epithelial sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Font-Noguera
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Marianne Montemurro
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Benassayag
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Monier
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Suzanne
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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13
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Milmoe NJ, Tucker AS. Craniofacial transitions: the role of EMT and MET during head development. Development 2021; 148:148/4/dev196030. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.196030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Within the developing head, tissues undergo cell-fate transitions to shape the forming structures. This starts with the neural crest, which undergoes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form, amongst other tissues, many of the skeletal tissues of the head. In the eye and ear, these neural crest cells then transform back into an epithelium, via mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), highlighting the flexibility of this population. Elsewhere in the head, the epithelium loses its integrity and transforms into mesenchyme. Here, we review these craniofacial transitions, looking at why they happen, the factors that trigger them, and the cell and molecular changes they involve. We also discuss the consequences of aberrant EMT and MET in the head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Milmoe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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14
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Barriga EH, Theveneau E. In vivo Neural Crest Cell Migration Is Controlled by "Mixotaxis". Front Physiol 2020; 11:586432. [PMID: 33324240 PMCID: PMC7723832 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.586432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed cell migration is essential all along an individual's life, from embryogenesis to tissue repair and cancer metastasis. Thus, due to its biomedical relevance, directed cell migration is currently under intense research. Directed cell migration has been shown to be driven by an assortment of external biasing cues, ranging from gradients of soluble (chemotaxis) to bound (haptotaxis) molecules. In addition to molecular gradients, gradients of mechanical properties (duro/mechanotaxis), electric fields (electro/galvanotaxis) as well as iterative biases in the environment topology (ratchetaxis) have been shown to be able to direct cell migration. Since cells migrating in vivo are exposed to a challenging environment composed of a convolution of biochemical, biophysical, and topological cues, it is highly unlikely that cell migration would be guided by an individual type of "taxis." This is especially true since numerous molecular players involved in the cellular response to these biasing cues are often recycled, serving as sensor or transducer of both biochemical and biophysical signals. In this review, we confront literature on Xenopus cephalic neural crest cells with that of other cell types to discuss the relevance of the current categorization of cell guidance strategies. Furthermore, we emphasize that while studying individual biasing signals is informative, the hard truth is that cells migrate by performing a sort of "mixotaxis," where they integrate and coordinate multiple inputs through shared molecular effectors to ensure robustness of directed cell motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H. Barriga
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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15
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Alonso-Herranz L, Sahún-Español Á, Paredes A, Gonzalo P, Gkontra P, Núñez V, Clemente C, Cedenilla M, Villalba-Orero M, Inserte J, García-Dorado D, Arroyo AG, Ricote M. Macrophages promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via MT1-MMP/TGFβ1 after myocardial infarction. eLife 2020; 9:57920. [PMID: 33063665 PMCID: PMC7609061 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφs) produce factors that participate in cardiac repair and remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI); however, how these factors crosstalk with other cell types mediating repair is not fully understood. Here we demonstrated that cardiac Mφs increased the expression of Mmp14 (MT1-MMP) 7 days post-MI. We selectively inactivated the Mmp14 gene in Mφs using a genetic strategy (Mmp14f/f:Lyz2-Cre). This conditional KO (MAC-Mmp14 KO) resulted in attenuated post-MI cardiac dysfunction, reduced fibrosis, and preserved cardiac capillary network. Mechanistically, we showed that MT1-MMP activates latent TGFβ1 in Mφs, leading to paracrine SMAD2-mediated signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Post-MI MAC-Mmp14 KO hearts contained fewer cells undergoing EndMT than their wild-type counterparts, and Mmp14-deficient Mφs showed a reduced ability to induce EndMT in co-cultures with ECs. Our results indicate the contribution of EndMT to cardiac fibrosis and adverse remodeling post-MI and identify Mφ MT1-MMP as a key regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alonso-Herranz
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sahún-Español
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Paredes
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Polyxeni Gkontra
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Núñez
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Clemente
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cedenilla
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba-Orero
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Inserte
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Dorado
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Miao Y, Tian L, Martin M, Paige SL, Galdos FX, Li J, Klein A, Zhang H, Ma N, Wei Y, Stewart M, Lee S, Moonen JR, Zhang B, Grossfeld P, Mital S, Chitayat D, Wu JC, Rabinovitch M, Nelson TJ, Nie S, Wu SM, Gu M. Intrinsic Endocardial Defects Contribute to Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:574-589.e8. [PMID: 32810435 PMCID: PMC7541479 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex congenital heart disease characterized by abnormalities in the left ventricle, associated valves, and ascending aorta. Studies have shown intrinsic myocardial defects but do not sufficiently explain developmental defects in the endocardial-derived cardiac valve, septum, and vasculature. Here, we identify a developmentally impaired endocardial population in HLHS through single-cell RNA profiling of hiPSC-derived endocardium and human fetal heart tissue with an underdeveloped left ventricle. Intrinsic endocardial defects contribute to abnormal endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, NOTCH signaling, and extracellular matrix organization, key factors in valve formation. Endocardial abnormalities cause reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation by disrupting fibronectin-integrin signaling, consistent with recently described de novo HLHS mutations associated with abnormal endocardial gene and fibronectin regulation. Together, these results reveal a critical role for endocardium in HLHS etiology and provide a rationale for considering endocardial function in regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marcy Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon L Paige
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francisco X Galdos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jibiao Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alyssa Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuning Wei
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Stewart
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan-Renier Moonen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Seema Mital
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shuyi Nie
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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17
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Tagliatela AC, Hempstead SC, Hibshman PS, Hockenberry MA, Brighton HE, Pecot CV, Bear JE. Coronin 1C inhibits melanoma metastasis through regulation of MT1-MMP-containing extracellular vesicle secretion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11958. [PMID: 32686704 PMCID: PMC7371684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronin 1C is overexpressed in multiple tumors, leading to the widely held view that this gene drives tumor progression, but this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested in melanoma. Here, we combined a conditional knockout of Coronin 1C with a genetically engineered mouse model of PTEN/BRAF-driven melanoma. Loss of Coronin 1C in this model increases both primary tumor growth rates and distant metastases. Coronin 1C-null cells isolated from this model are more invasive in vitro and produce more metastatic lesions in orthotopic transplants than Coronin 1C-reexpressing cells due to the shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing MT1-MMP. Interestingly, these vesicles contain melanosome markers suggesting a melanoma-specific mechanism of EV release, regulated by Coronin 1C, that contributes to the high rates of metastasis in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C Tagliatela
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie C Hempstead
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Priya S Hibshman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Max A Hockenberry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hailey E Brighton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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18
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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and different migration strategies as viewed from the neural crest. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:43-50. [PMID: 32531659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that produces migratory cells from epithelial precursors. However, EMT is not binary; rather it results in migratory cells which adopt diverse strategies including collective and individual cell migration to arrive at target destinations. Of the many embryonic cells that undergo EMT, the vertebrate neural crest is a particularly good example which has provided valuable insight into these processes. Neural crest cells from different species often adopt different migratory strategies with collective migration predominating in anamniotes, whereas individual cell migration is more prevalent in amniotes. Here, we will provide a perspective on recent work toward understanding the process of neural crest EMT focusing on how these cells undergo collective and individual cell migration.
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19
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Andrieu C, Montigny A, Bibonne A, Despin-Guitard E, Alfandari D, Théveneau E. MMP14 is required for delamination of chick neural crest cells independently of its catalytic activity. Development 2020; 147:dev.183954. [PMID: 32280063 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases have a broad spectrum of substrates ranging from extracellular matrix components and adhesion molecules to chemokines and growth factors. Despite being mostly secreted, MMPs have been detected in the cytosol, the mitochondria or the nucleus. Although most of the attention is focused on their role in matrix remodeling, the diversity of their substrates and their complex trafficking open the possibility for non-canonical functions. Yet in vivo examples and experimental demonstration of the physiological relevance of such activities are rare. Here, we have used chick neural crest (NC) cells, a highly migratory stem cell population likened to invasive cancer cells, as a model for physiological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We demonstrate that MMP14 is required for NC delamination. Interestingly, this role is independent of its cytoplasmic tail and of its catalytic activity. Our in vivo data indicate that, in addition to being a late pro-invasive factor, MMP14 is also likely to be an early player, owing to its role in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Andrieu
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Audrey Montigny
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Anne Bibonne
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Evangeline Despin-Guitard
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Dominique Alfandari
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Eric Théveneau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, 31062, France
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20
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Leonard CE, Taneyhill LA. The road best traveled: Neural crest migration upon the extracellular matrix. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:177-185. [PMID: 31727473 PMCID: PMC7071992 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells have the extraordinary task of building much of the vertebrate body plan, including the craniofacial cartilage and skeleton, melanocytes, portions of the heart, and the peripheral nervous system. To execute these developmental programs, stationary premigratory neural crest cells first acquire the capacity to migrate through an extensive process known as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Once motile, neural crest cells must traverse a complex environment consisting of other cells and the protein-rich extracellular matrix in order to get to their final destinations. Herein, we will highlight some of the main molecular machinery that allow neural crest cells to first exit the neuroepithelium and then later successfully navigate this intricate in vivo milieu. Collectively, these extracellular and intracellular factors mediate the appropriate migration of neural crest cells and allow for the proper development of the vertebrate embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Leonard
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.
| | - Lisa A Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.
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21
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Kalev-Altman R, Hanael E, Zelinger E, Blum M, Monsonego-Ornan E, Sela-Donenfeld D. Conserved role of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9 in promoting the migration of neural crest cells in avian and mammalian embryos. FASEB J 2020; 34:5240-5261. [PMID: 32067275 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901217rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a unique embryonic cell population that initially reside at the dorsal neural tube but later migrate in the embryo and differentiate into multiple types of derivatives. To acquire motility, NCCs undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invade the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are a large family of proteases which regulate migration of various embryonic and adult cells via ECM remodeling. The gelatinase's subgroup of MMPs is the most studied one due to its key role in metastasis. As it is composed of only two proteases, MMP2 and MMP9, it is important to understand whether each is indispensable or redundant in its biological function. Here we explored the role of the gelatinases in executing NCC migration, by determining whether MMP2 and/or MMP9 regulate migration across species in singular, combined, or redundant manners. Chick and mouse embryos were utilized to compare expression and activity of both MMPs using genetic and pharmacological approaches in multiple in vivo and ex vivo assays. Both MMPs were found to be expressed and active in mouse and chick NCCs. Inhibition of each MMP was sufficient to prevent NCC migration in both species. Yet, NCC migration was maintained in MMP2-/- or MMP9-/- mouse mutants due to compensation between the gelatinases, but reciprocal pharmacological inhibition in each mutant prevented NCC migration. This study reveals for the first time that both gelatinases are expressed in avian and mammalian NCCs, and demonstrates their fundamental and conserved role in promoting embryonic cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Kalev-Altman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.,The Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Erez Hanael
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- Core Facility Unit, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Martin Blum
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- The Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
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22
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McLennan R, McKinney MC, Teddy JM, Morrison JA, Kasemeier-Kulesa JC, Ridenour DA, Manthe CA, Giniunaite R, Robinson M, Baker RE, Maini PK, Kulesa PM. Neural crest cells bulldoze through the microenvironment using Aquaporin 1 to stabilize filopodia. Development 2020; 147:dev.185231. [PMID: 31826865 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest migration requires cells to move through an environment filled with dense extracellular matrix and mesoderm to reach targets throughout the vertebrate embryo. Here, we use high-resolution microscopy, computational modeling, and in vitro and in vivo cell invasion assays to investigate the function of Aquaporin 1 (AQP-1) signaling. We find that migrating lead cranial neural crest cells express AQP-1 mRNA and protein, implicating a biological role for water channel protein function during invasion. Differential AQP-1 levels affect neural crest cell speed and direction, as well as the length and stability of cell filopodia. Furthermore, AQP-1 enhances matrix metalloprotease activity and colocalizes with phosphorylated focal adhesion kinases. Colocalization of AQP-1 with EphB guidance receptors in the same migrating neural crest cells has novel implications for the concept of guided bulldozing by lead cells during migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McLennan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Mary C McKinney
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jessica M Teddy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jason A Morrison
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | | | - Craig A Manthe
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Rasa Giniunaite
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Martin Robinson
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.,Department of Computer Science, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Ruth E Baker
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Philip K Maini
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Paul M Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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23
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Cui X, Wang H, Li Y, Chen T, Liu S, Yan Q. Epiregulin promotes trophoblast epithelial-mesenchymal transition through poFUT1 and O-fucosylation by poFUT1 on uPA. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12745. [PMID: 31889361 PMCID: PMC7046484 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The transformation of cytotrophoblasts into mesenchymal‐like extravillous trophoblasts is necessary for successful embryo implantation, and the inadequate transformation may cause abortion. Epiregulin, which is a new growth factor, plays important roles in the reproductive processes. The glycosylation of many proteins in reproduction processes is critical. Protein O‐fucosyltransferase 1 (poFUT1) is the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of O‐fucosylation on the specific glycoproteins. Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) contains O‐fucosylated domain on Thr18. However, the functions of epiregulin and poFUT1 in the trophoblast epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, the regulatory mechanism of epiregulin on poFUT1 and the resulting O‐fucosylated uPA remain unclear. Materials and methods We employed ELISA and Western blot to detect serum levels of epiregulin and poFUT1 from non‐pregnancy women, pregnancy women and abortion patients. Using two trophoblast cell lines and a mouse pregnancy model, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of epiregulin and poFUT1 in trophoblast EMT process. Results Serum levels of epiregulin and poFUT1 were higher in pregnant women compared with non‐pregnant women, and their levels were significantly decreased in abortion patients compared with pregnant women. The results showed that epiregulin upregulated poFUT1 expression and increased O‐fucosylation on uPA, which further activated the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, facilitating EMT behaviour of trophoblast cells and embryo implantation in the mouse pregnant model. Conclusions Level of epiregulin and poFUT1 is lower in abortion patients than early pregnancy women. Epiregulin promotes trophoblast EMT through O‐fucosylation on uPA catalysed by poFUT1. Epiregulin and poFUT1 may be suggested as the potential diagnostic biomarkers and useful treatment targets for abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cui
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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24
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Willson JA, Damjanovski S. Spatial analysis of RECK, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 proteins during early Xenopus laevis development. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Gonzalez-Molina J, Gramolelli S, Liao Z, Carlson JW, Ojala PM, Lehti K. MMP14 in Sarcoma: A Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Communication in Connective Tissues. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090991. [PMID: 31466240 PMCID: PMC6770050 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are deadly malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin occurring at all ages. The expression and function of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase MMP14 is closely related to the mesenchymal cell phenotype, and it is highly expressed in most sarcomas. MMP14 regulates the activity of multiple extracellular and plasma membrane proteins, influencing cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) communication. This regulation mediates processes such as ECM degradation and remodeling, cell invasion, and cancer metastasis. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of MMP14 in sarcomas will shed light on the mechanisms controlling the key processes in these diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the function and regulation of MMP14 and we discuss their relationship with clinical and pre-clinical MMP14 data in both adult and childhood sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Gonzalez-Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Silvia Gramolelli
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zehuan Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Joseph W Carlson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Shellard A, Mayor R. Integrating chemical and mechanical signals in neural crest cell migration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:16-24. [PMID: 31306988 PMCID: PMC6838680 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells are a multipotent embryonic stem cell population that migrate large distances to contribute a variety of tissues. The cranial neural crest, which contribute to tissues of the face and skull, undergo collective migration whose movement has been likened to cancer metastasis. Over the last few years, a variety of mechanisms for the guidance of collective cranial neural crest cell migration have been described: mostly chemical, but more recently mechanical. Here we review these different mechanisms and attempt to integrate them to provide a unified model of collective cranial neural crest cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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27
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Ahsan K, Singh N, Rocha M, Huang C, Prince VE. Prickle1 is required for EMT and migration of zebrafish cranial neural crest. Dev Biol 2019; 448:16-35. [PMID: 30721665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest-a key innovation of the vertebrates-gives rise to diverse cell types including melanocytes, neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, and chondrocytes of the jaw and skull. Proper development of the cephalic region is dependent on the tightly-regulated specification and migration of cranial neural crest cells (NCCs). The core PCP proteins Frizzled and Disheveled have previously been implicated in NCC migration. Here we investigate the functions of the core PCP proteins Prickle1a and Prickle1b in zebrafish cranial NCC development. Using analysis of pk1a and pk1b mutant embryos, we uncover similar roles for both genes in facilitating cranial NCC migration. Disruption of either gene causes pre-migratory NCCs to cluster together at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, where they adopt aberrant polarity and movement. Critically, in investigating Pk1-deficient cells that fail to migrate ventrolaterally, we have also uncovered roles for pk1a and pk1b in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pre-migratory NCCs that precedes their collective migration to the periphery. Normally, during EMT, pre-migratory NCCs transition from a neuroepithelial to a bleb-based and subsequently, mesenchymal morphology capable of directed migration. When either Pk1a or Pk1b is disrupted, NCCs continue to perform blebbing behaviors characteristic of pre-migratory cells over extended time periods, indicating a block in a key transition during EMT. Although some Pk1-deficient NCCs transition successfully to mesenchymal, migratory morphologies, they fail to separate from neighboring NCCs. Additionally, Pk1b-deficient NCCs show elevated levels of E-Cadherin and reduced levels of N-Cadherin, suggesting that Prickle1 molecules regulate Cadherin levels to ensure the completion of EMT and the commencement of cranial NCC migration. We conclude that Pk1 plays crucial roles in cranial NCCs both during EMT and migration. These roles are dependent on the regulation of E-Cad and N-Cad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Ahsan
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Noor Singh
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Manuel Rocha
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, USA
| | | | - Victoria E Prince
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, USA; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, USA.
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