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Brewer KK, Brewer KM, Terry TT, Caspary T, Vaisse C, Berbari NF. Postnatal Dynamic Ciliary ARL13B and ADCY3 Localization in the Mouse Brain. Cells 2024; 13:259. [PMID: 38334651 PMCID: PMC10854790 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are hair-like structures found on nearly all mammalian cell types, including cells in the developing and adult brain. A diverse set of receptors and signaling proteins localize within cilia to regulate many physiological and developmental pathways, including the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Defects in cilia structure, protein localization, and function lead to genetic disorders called ciliopathies, which present with various clinical features that include several neurodevelopmental phenotypes and hyperphagia-associated obesity. Despite their dysfunction being implicated in several disease states, understanding their roles in central nervous system (CNS) development and signaling has proven challenging. We hypothesize that dynamic changes to ciliary protein composition contribute to this challenge and may reflect unrecognized diversity of CNS cilia. The proteins ARL13B and ADCY3 are established markers of cilia in the brain. ARL13B is a regulatory GTPase important for regulating cilia structure, protein trafficking, and Hh signaling, and ADCY3 is a ciliary adenylyl cyclase. Here, we examine the ciliary localization of ARL13B and ADCY3 in the perinatal and adult mouse brain. We define changes in the proportion of cilia enriched for ARL13B and ADCY3 depending on brain region and age. Furthermore, we identify distinct lengths of cilia within specific brain regions of male and female mice. ARL13B+ cilia become relatively rare with age in many brain regions, including the hypothalamic feeding centers, while ADCY3 becomes a prominent cilia marker in the mature adult brain. It is important to understand the endogenous localization patterns of these proteins throughout development and under different physiological conditions as these common cilia markers may be more dynamic than initially expected. Understanding regional- and developmental-associated cilia protein composition signatures and physiological condition cilia dynamic changes in the CNS may reveal the molecular mechanisms associated with the features commonly observed in ciliopathy models and ciliopathies, like obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn K. Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.K.B.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Kathryn M. Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.K.B.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Tiffany T. Terry
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.T.T.); (T.C.)
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.T.T.); (T.C.)
| | - Christian Vaisse
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Nicolas F. Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.K.B.); (K.M.B.)
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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2
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Brewer KM, Engle SE, Bansal R, Brewer KK, Jasso KR, McIntyre JC, Vaisse C, Reiter JF, Berbari NF. Physiological Condition-Dependent Changes in Ciliary GPCR Localization in the Brain. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0360-22.2023. [PMID: 36849261 PMCID: PMC10012409 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0360-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are cellular appendages critical for diverse types of Signaling. They are found on most cell types, including cells throughout the CNS. Cilia preferentially localize certain G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are critical for mediating the signaling of these receptors. Several of these neuronal GPCRs have recognized roles in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Cell and model systems, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Chlamydomonas, have implicated both dynamic GPCR cilia localization and cilia length and shape changes as key for signaling. It is unclear whether mammalian ciliary GPCRs use similar mechanisms in vivo and under what conditions these processes may occur. Here, we assess two neuronal cilia GPCRs, melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) and neuropeptide-Y receptor 2 (NPY2R), as mammalian model ciliary receptors in the mouse brain. We test the hypothesis that dynamic localization to cilia occurs under physiological conditions associated with these GPCR functions. Both receptors are involved in feeding behaviors, and MCHR1 is also associated with sleep and reward. Cilia were analyzed with a computer-assisted approach allowing for unbiased and high-throughput analysis. We measured cilia frequency, length, and receptor occupancy. We observed changes in ciliary length, receptor occupancy, and cilia frequency under different conditions for one receptor but not another and in specific brain regions. These data suggest that dynamic cilia localization of GPCRs depends on properties of individual receptors and cells where they are expressed. A better understanding of subcellular localization dynamics of ciliary GPCRs could reveal unknown molecular mechanisms regulating behaviors like feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Staci E Engle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Katlyn K Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Kalene R Jasso
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603
| | - Jeremy C McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603
| | - Christian Vaisse
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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3
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Brewer KM, Brewer KK, Richardson NC, Berbari NF. Neuronal cilia in energy homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1082141. [PMID: 36568981 PMCID: PMC9773564 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1082141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of genetic disorders termed ciliopathies are associated with obesity. The mechanisms behind cilia dysfunction and altered energy homeostasis in these syndromes are complex and likely involve deficits in both development and adult homeostasis. Interestingly, several cilia-associated gene mutations also lead to morbid obesity. While cilia have critical and diverse functions in energy homeostasis, including their roles in centrally mediated food intake and peripheral tissues, many questions remain. Here, we briefly discuss syndromic ciliopathies and monogenic cilia signaling mutations associated with obesity. We then focus on potential ways neuronal cilia regulate energy homeostasis. We discuss the literature around cilia and leptin-melanocortin signaling and changes in ciliary G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. We also discuss the different brain regions where cilia are implicated in energy homeostasis and the potential for cilia dysfunction in neural development to contribute to obesity. We close with a short discussion on the challenges and opportunities associated with studies looking at neuronal cilia and energy homeostasis. This review highlights how neuronal cilia-mediated signaling is critical for proper energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Katlyn K. Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nicholas C. Richardson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nicolas F. Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Nicolas F. Berbari,
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4
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Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone regulates hippocampus-dorsolateral septum activity. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:61-71. [PMID: 34980924 PMCID: PMC8741735 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) polypeptide contributes to regulating energy homeostasis, sleep, and memory, though the mechanistic bases of its effects are unknown. Here, in mice, we uncover the physiological mechanism underlying the functional role of MCH signaling in projections to the dorsolateral septum (dLS), a region involved in routing hippocampal firing rhythms and encoding spatial memory based on such rhythms. Firing activity within the dLS in response to dorsal CA3 (dCA3) excitation is limited by strong feed-forward inhibition (FFI). We find that MCH synchronizes dLS neuronal firing with its dCA3 inputs by enhancing GABA release, which subsequently reduces the FFI and augments dCA3 excitatory input strength, both via presynaptic mechanisms. At the functional level, our data reveal a role for MCH signaling in the dLS in facilitating spatial memory. These findings support a model in which peptidergic signaling within the dLS modulates dorsal hippocampal output and supports memory encoding.
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5
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The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway is Expressed in the Adult Mouse Hypothalamus and Modulated by Fasting. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0276-21.2021. [PMID: 34535504 PMCID: PMC8482854 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0276-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog signaling pathway is best known for its role in developmental patterning of the neural tube and limb bud. More recently, hedgehog signaling has been recognized for its roles in growth of adult tissues and maintenance of progenitor cell niches. However, the role of hedgehog signaling in fully differentiated cells like neurons in the adult brain is less clear. In mammals, coordination of hedgehog pathway activity relies on primary cilia and patients with ciliopathies such as Bardet–Biedl and Alström syndrome exhibit clinical features clearly attributable to errant hedgehog such as polydactyly. However, these ciliopathies also present with features not clearly associated with hedgehog signaling such as hyperphagia-associated obesity. How hedgehog signaling may contribute to feeding behavior is complex and unclear, but cilia are critical for proper energy homeostasis. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the expression of core components of the hedgehog signaling pathway in the adult mouse hypothalamus with an emphasis on feeding centers. We show that hedgehog pathway genes continue to be expressed in differentiated neurons important for the regulation of feeding behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that pathway activity is regulated at the transcriptional level by fasting. These data suggest that hedgehog signaling is involved in the proper functioning of brain regions that regulate feeding behavior and that hedgehog pathway dysfunction may play a role in the obesity observed in certain ciliopathies.
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6
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Jasso KR, Kamba TK, Zimmerman AD, Bansal R, Engle SE, Everett T, Wu CH, Kulaga H, Reed RR, Berbari NF, McIntyre JC. An N-terminal fusion allele to study melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1. Genesis 2021; 59:e23438. [PMID: 34124835 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cilia on neurons play critical roles in both the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). While it remains challenging to elucidate the precise roles for neuronal cilia, it is clear that a subset of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) preferentially localize to the cilia membrane. Further, ciliary GPCR signaling has been implicated in regulating a variety of behaviors. Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1), is a GPCR expressed centrally in rodents known to be enriched in cilia. Here we have used MCHR1 as a model ciliary GPCR to develop a strategy to fluorescently tag receptors expressed from the endogenous locus in vivo. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we inserted the coding sequence of the fluorescent protein mCherry into the N-terminus of Mchr1. Analysis of the fusion protein (mCherry MCHR1) revealed its localization to neuronal cilia in the CNS, across multiple developmental time points and in various regions of the adult brain. Our approach simultaneously produced fortuitous in/dels altering the Mchr1 start codon resulting in a new MCHR1 knockout line. Functional studies using electrophysiology show a significant alteration of synaptic strength in MCHR1 knockout mice. A reduction in strength is also detected in mice homozygous for the mCherry insertion, suggesting that while the strategy is useful for monitoring the receptor, activity could be altered. However, both lines should aid in studies of MCHR1 function and contribute to our understanding of MCHR1 signaling in the brain. Additionally, this approach could be expanded to aid in the study of other ciliary GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalene R Jasso
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tisianna K Kamba
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Arthur D Zimmerman
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Staci E Engle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas Everett
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Chang-Hung Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Heather Kulaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Randal R Reed
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeremy C McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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7
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Bansal R, Engle SE, Kamba TK, Brewer KM, Lewis WR, Berbari NF. Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/62521. [PMID: 33999029 PMCID: PMC8791558 DOI: 10.3791/62521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule based cellular appendages that function as signaling centers for a diversity of signaling pathways in many mammalian cell types. Cilia length is highly conserved, tightly regulated, and varies between different cell types and tissues and has been implicated in directly impacting their signaling capacity. For example, cilia have been shown to alter their lengths in response to activation of ciliary G protein-coupled receptors. However, accurately and reproducibly measuring the lengths of numerous cilia is a time-consuming and labor-intensive procedure. Current approaches are also error and bias prone. Artificial intelligence (Ai) programs can be utilized to overcome many of these challenges due to capabilities that permit assimilation, manipulation, and optimization of extensive data sets. Here, we demonstrate that an Ai module can be trained to recognize cilia in images from both in vivo and in vitro samples. After using the trained Ai to identify cilia, we are able to design and rapidly utilize applications that analyze hundreds of cilia in a single sample for length, fluorescence intensity and co-localization. This unbiased approach increased our confidence and rigor when comparing samples from different primary neuronal preps in vitro as well as across different brain regions within an animal and between animals. Moreover, this technique can be used to reliably analyze cilia dynamics from any cell type and tissue in a high-throughput manner across multiple samples and treatment groups. Ultimately, Ai-based approaches will likely become standard as most fields move toward less biased and more reproducible approaches for image acquisition and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Staci E Engle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Tisianna K Kamba
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Kathryn M Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
| | | | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine;
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8
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The Transition Zone Protein AHI1 Regulates Neuronal Ciliary Trafficking of MCHR1 and Its Downstream Signaling Pathway. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3932-3943. [PMID: 33741721 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2993-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Abelson-helper integration site 1 (AHI1) gene encodes for a ciliary transition zone localizing protein that when mutated causes the human ciliopathy, Joubert syndrome. We prepared and examined neuronal cultures derived from male and female embryonic Ahi1 +/+ and Ahi1 -/- mice (littermates) and found that the distribution of ciliary melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MchR1) was significantly reduced in Ahi1 -/- neurons; however, the total and surface expression of MchR1 on Ahi1 -/- neurons was similar to controls (Ahi1 +/+). This indicates that a pathway for MchR1 trafficking to the surface plasma membrane is intact, but the process of targeting MchR1 into cilia is impaired in Ahi1-deficient mouse neurons, indicating a role for Ahi1 in localizing MchR1 to the cilium. Mouse Ahi1 -/- neurons that fail to accumulate MchR1 in the ciliary membrane have significant decreases in two downstream MchR1 signaling pathways [cAMP and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)] on MCH stimulation. These results suggest that the ciliary localization of MchR1 is necessary and critical for MchR1 signaling, with Ahi1 participating in regulating MchR1 localization to cilia, and further supporting cilia as critical signaling centers in neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our work here demonstrates that neuronal primary cilia are powerful and focused signaling centers for the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MCHR1), with a role for the ciliary transition zone protein, Abelson-helper integration site 1 (AHI1), in mediating ciliary trafficking of MCHR1. Moreover, our manuscript further expands the repertoire of cilia functions on neurons, a cell type that has not received significant attention in the cilia field. Lastly, our work demonstrates the significant influence of ciliary GPCR signaling in the overall signaling of neurons.
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9
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Ramos C, Roberts JB, Jasso KR, Ten Eyck TW, Everett T, Pozo P, Setlow B, McIntyre JC. Neuron-specific cilia loss differentially alters locomotor responses to amphetamine in mice. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:827-842. [PMID: 33175436 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neural mechanisms that underlie responses to drugs of abuse are complex, and impacted by a number of neuromodulatory peptides. Within the past 10 years it has been discovered that several of the receptors for neuromodulators are enriched in the primary cilia of neurons. Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the surface of nearly all mammalian cells, including neurons. Despite what we know about cilia, our understanding of how cilia regulate neuronal function and behavior is still limited. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the contributions of primary cilia on specific neuronal populations to behavioral responses to amphetamine. To test the consequences of cilia loss on amphetamine-induced locomotor activity we selectively ablated cilia from dopaminergic or GAD2-GABAergic neurons in mice. Cilia loss had no effect on baseline locomotion in either mouse strain. In mice lacking cilia on dopaminergic neurons, locomotor activity compared to wild- type mice was reduced in both sexes in response to acute administration of 3.0 mg/kg amphetamine. In contrast, changes in the locomotor response to amphetamine in mice lacking cilia on GAD2-GABAergic neurons were primarily driven by reductions in locomotor activity in males. Following repeated amphetamine administration (1.0 mg kg-1 day-1 over 5 days), mice lacking cilia on GAD2-GABAergic neurons exhibited enhanced sensitization of the locomotor stimulant response to the drug, whereas mice lacking cilia on dopaminergic neurons did not differ from wild-type controls. These results indicate that cilia play neuron-specific roles in both acute and neuroplastic responses to psychostimulant drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramos
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonté B Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kalene R Jasso
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tyler W Ten Eyck
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Everett
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patricia Pozo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy C McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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10
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Diniz GB, Battagello DS, Klein MO, Bono BSM, Ferreira JGP, Motta‐Teixeira LC, Duarte JCG, Presse F, Nahon J, Adamantidis A, Chee MJ, Sita LV, Bittencourt JC. Ciliary melanin‐concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) is widely distributed in the murine CNS in a sex‐independent manner. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2045-2071. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanne B. Diniz
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of Neurosurgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Daniella S. Battagello
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Marianne O. Klein
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Jozélia G. P. Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Livia C. Motta‐Teixeira
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Jessica C. G. Duarte
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Françoise Presse
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC) Université Côte d’AzurCNRS Valbonne France
| | - Jean‐Louis Nahon
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC) Université Côte d’AzurCNRS Valbonne France
| | | | - Melissa J. Chee
- Department of Neuroscience Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Luciane V. Sita
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Jackson C. Bittencourt
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Institute of Psychology University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
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11
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Bansal R, Engle SE, Antonellis PJ, Whitehouse LS, Baucum AJ, Cummins TR, Reiter JF, Berbari NF. Hedgehog Pathway Activation Alters Ciliary Signaling in Primary Hypothalamic Cultures. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:266. [PMID: 31249512 PMCID: PMC6582312 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia dysfunction has been associated with hyperphagia and obesity in both ciliopathy patients and mouse models of cilia perturbation. Neurons throughout the brain possess these solitary cellular appendages, including in the feeding centers of the hypothalamus. Several cell biology questions associated with primary neuronal cilia signaling are challenging to address in vivo. Here we utilize primary hypothalamic neuronal cultures to study ciliary signaling in relevant cell types. Importantly, these cultures contain neuronal populations critical for appetite and satiety such as pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti related peptide (AgRP) expressing neurons and are thus useful for studying signaling involved in feeding behavior. Correspondingly, these cultured neurons also display electrophysiological activity and respond to both local and peripheral signals that act on the hypothalamus to influence feeding behaviors, such as leptin and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH). Interestingly, we found that cilia mediated hedgehog signaling, generally associated with developmental processes, can influence ciliary GPCR signaling (Mchr1) in terminally differentiated neurons. Specifically, pharmacological activation of the hedgehog-signaling pathway using the smoothened agonist, SAG, attenuated the ability of neurons to respond to ligands (MCH) of ciliary GPCRs. Understanding how the hedgehog pathway influences cilia GPCR signaling in terminally differentiated neurons could reveal the molecular mechanisms associated with clinical features of ciliopathies, such as hyperphagia-associated obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Staci E Engle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Patrick J Antonellis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Logan S Whitehouse
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Anthony J Baucum
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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12
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Engle SE, Antonellis PJ, Whitehouse LS, Bansal R, Emond MR, Jontes JD, Kesterson RA, Mykytyn K, Berbari NF. A CreER mouse to study melanin concentrating hormone signaling in the developing brain. Genesis 2019; 56:e23217. [PMID: 29806135 PMCID: PMC6167158 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide, melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), and its G protein-coupled receptor, melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (Mchr1), are expressed centrally in adult rodents. MCH signaling has been implicated in diverse behaviors such as feeding, sleep, anxiety, as well as addiction and reward. While a model utilizing the Mchr1 promoter to drive constitutive expression of Cre recombinase (Mchr1-Cre) exists, there is a need for an inducible Mchr1-Cre to determine the roles for this signaling pathway in neural development and adult neuronal function. Here, we generated a BAC transgenic mouse where the Mchr1 promotor drives expression of tamoxifen inducible CreER recombinase. Many aspects of the Mchr1-Cre expression pattern are recapitulated by the Mchr1-CreER model, though there are also notable differences. Most strikingly, compared to the constitutive model, the new Mchr1-CreER model shows strong expression in adult animals in hypothalamic brain regions involved in feeding behavior but diminished expression in regions involved in reward, such as the nucleus accumbens. The inducible Mchr1-CreER allele will help reveal the potential for Mchr1 signaling to impact neural development and subsequent behavioral phenotypes, as well as contribute to the understanding of the MCH signaling pathway in terminally differentiated adult neurons and the diverse behaviors that it influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci E Engle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick J Antonellis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Logan S Whitehouse
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michelle R Emond
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James D Jontes
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert A Kesterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kirk Mykytyn
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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