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Jiang L, Wen G, Lu J, Yang H, Jin Y, Nie X, Wang Z, Chen M, Du Y, Wang Y. Machine learning in soil nutrient dynamics of alpine grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174295. [PMID: 38936732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As a terrestrial ecosystem, alpine grasslands feature diverse vegetation types and play key roles in regulating water resources and carbon storage, thus shaping global climate. The dynamics of soil nutrients in this ecosystem, responding to regional climate change, directly impact primary productivity. This review comprehensively explored the effects of climate change on soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and their balance in the alpine meadows, highlighting the significant roles these nutrients played in plant growth and species diversity. We also shed light on machine learning utilization in soil nutrient evaluation. As global warming continues, alongside shifting precipitation patterns, soil characteristics of grasslands, such as moisture and pH values vary significantly, further altering the availability and composition of soil nutrients. The rising air temperature in alpine regions substantially enhances the activity of soil organisms, accelerating nutrient mineralization and the decomposition of organic materials. Combined with varied nutrient input, such as increased N deposition, plant growth and species composition are changing. With the robust capacity to use and integrate diverse data sources, including satellite imagery, sensor-collected spectral data, camera-captured videos, and common knowledge-based text and audio, machine learning offers rapid and accurate assessments of the changes in soil nutrients and associated determinants, such as soil moisture. When combined with powerful large language models like ChatGPT, these tools provide invaluable insights and strategies for effective grassland management, aiming to foster a sustainable ecosystem that balances high productivity and advanced services with reduced environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoqi Wen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Jia Lu
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Hengyuan Yang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yuexia Jin
- Computer Programing, Algonquin College, Ottawa, ON K2G 1V8, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zongsong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yangong Du
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li C, Li Y, Yang J, Lian B, Wang J, Zou G. Regulating root structure of potted lettuce to magnify absorption from APP and UAN fertilizers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1407984. [PMID: 38882568 PMCID: PMC11177227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1407984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Improvement of root architecture is crucial to increasing nutrient acquisition. Methods Two pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on lettuce root architecture and the relationship between roots and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) absorption. Results The results showed that lettuce yield, quality, and root architecture were superior in the APP4 treatment compared to other P fertilizer treatments. The N480 treatment (480 mg N kg-1 UAN) significantly outperformed other N treatments in terms of root length, root surface area, and root volume. There were significant quantitative relationships between root architecture indices and crop uptake of N and P. The relationships between P uptake and root length and root surface area followed power functions. Crop N uptake was significantly linearly related to the length of fine roots with a diameter of <0.5 mm. Conclusion and discussion The length of fine roots played a more prominent role in promoting N absorption, while overall root size was more important for P absorption. APP has a threshold of 9.3 mg P kg-1 for stimulating the root system. Above this threshold, a rapid increase in root absorption of P. UAN can promote extensive growth of fine roots with a diameter less than 0.5 mm. Applying appropriate rates of APP and limiting UAN application to less than 400 mg N kg-1 can improve root architecture to enhance N and P absorption by lettuce. These results highlight a new possibility to improve nutrients use efficiency while maintaining high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yahao Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Greenhouse Management, Beijing Cuihu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jungang Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingrui Lian
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou X, Dong L, Zhang Y, Li J, Ren Z, Niu K. Trait-dependent importance of intraspecific variation relative to species turnover in determining community functional composition following nutrient enrichment. Oecologia 2024; 205:107-119. [PMID: 38698244 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Community weighted mean trait, i.e., functional composition, has been extensively used for upscaling of individual traits to the community functional attributes and ecosystem functioning in recent years. Yet, the importance of intraspecific trait variation relative to species turnover in determining changes in CWM still remains unclear, especially under nutrient enrichment scenarios. In this study, we conducted a global data synthesis analysis and three nutrient addition experiments in two sites of alpine grassland to reveal the extent to which species turnover and ITV contribute to shift in CWM in response to nutrient enrichment. The results consistently show that the importance of ITV relative to species turnover in regulating CWM in response to nutrient enrichment strongly depends on trait attributes rather than on environmental factors (fertilization type, climatic factors, soil properties, and light transmittance). For whole plant traits (height) and leaf morphological traits, species turnover is generally more important than ITV in determining CWM following most treatments of nutrient addition. However, for leaf nutrient traits, ITV outweighed species turnover in determining shifts in CWM in response to almost all treatments of nutrient addition, regardless of types and gradients of the nutrient addition. Thus, our study not only provides robust evidence for trait-dependent importance of ITV in mediating community functional composition, but also highlights the need to consider the nature of functional traits in linking ITV to community assembly and ecosystem functioning under global nutrient enrichment scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhou
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, MNR, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Liuwen Dong
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, MNR, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, MNR, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jingdong Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, MNR, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Zhengwei Ren
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Kechang Niu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Khalil J, Jaafar AAK, Habib H, Bouguerra S, Nogueira V, Rodríguez-Seijo A. The impact of olive mill wastewater on soil properties, nutrient and heavy metal availability - A study case from Syrian vertisols. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119861. [PMID: 38142600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is an environmental concern in olive oil producers' regions due to its use in agricultural soils as an organic amendment. However, OMW can also be used as organic fertilizer due to their high organic matter and nutrient levels, but its use, when it occurs without environmental management, can cause serious environmental implications for soils and waters. This work evaluated the impact of different OMW levels on a set of physicochemical parameters from an agricultural vertisol where wheat grew (Triticum aestivum L var. Douma 1). A set of physicochemical parameters were conducted before adding different levels of OMW (0, 5, 10 and 15 L m-2) at two soil depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm) and for the two growing seasons to determine: i) the effect of OMW treatments on the studied physicochemical soil properties (bulk density, soil porosity, soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter), ii) available primary (N, P, K) and secondary macronutrients (Ca, Mg and Na), ii) micronutrients (Cu Fe, Mn and Zn), and iv) available heavy metals (Cd and Pb). The results indicated that soil physicochemical parameters were slightly improved, mainly due to improvement in organic matter, macro- and micronutrients, usually proportionally to the olive mill wastewater dose. Cadmium and Pb were within the permissible limits. The increased OMW had different behaviour on the soil nutritional balances of different elements, leading to nutrient imbalances, although in some cases, they were improved. However, the plant growth was not affected, and it was improved under 10 L m-2 and 15 L m-2 doses. The results offer valuable data about the use of OMW as organic fertilizer for crops and their potential impact on soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Khalil
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Abd Al Karim Jaafar
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Hassan Habib
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Sirine Bouguerra
- GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center & Inov4Agro | Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-64, Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N. 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Verónica Nogueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N. 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Agroecology and Food Institute (IAA), University of Vigo - Campus Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
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Jiang X, Qu Y, Zeng H, Yang J, Liu L, Deng D, Ma Y, Chen D, Jian B, Guan L, He L. Long-term ecological restoration increased plant diversity and soil total phosphorus content of the alpine flowing sand land in northwest Sichuan, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24035. [PMID: 38268836 PMCID: PMC10803908 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ecological restoration techniques that combine grazing, sand barriers with willows, fertilization, artificial planting, and continuous management are increasingly adopted in the management of flowing sandy land in high-altitude and cold regions. However, few studies have focused on the long-term ecological restoration effects of such technologies. This study systematically compared the vegetation and soil characteristics under different ecological restoration durations (0 (CK), 3 (F1), 14 (F2), 26 (F3), and 46 (F4) years) in the alpine sandy land of northwest Sichuan. The results showed that, with the increase of ecological restoration durations, (1) the aboveground and underground biomass of plants, and species number significantly increased, while the shannon-wiener index, margalef index, and simpson index dramatically decreased; (2) in the early stage of ecological restoration (0-3 yr), Cyperaceae accounted for the main groups, while in the late stage of ecological restoration (14-46 yr), Leguminosae and Forb groups predominated; (3) ecological restoration durations significantly influenced the total phosphorus (TP) content at a soil depth of 0-60 cm, but soil organic carbon and C/P ratio were only significantly impacted at 40-60 cm; (4) the plant and soil characteristics of F1, F2, and F3 treatments were more similar, and CK and F4 treatments were clearly distinguished on PC1 of principal component analysis; (5) there was no significant correlation between Leguminosae groups and environmental factors. Instead, a correlation between total nitrogen (TN) and Forb groups, Gramineae groups, and Cyperaceae groups was revealed. TN was very significantly positively correlated with species diversity and TP. Long-term ecological restoration improved plants biomass, plant species diversity, functional plant groups, and increased soil TP content in the alpine sandy land of northwest Sichuan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
- Ecological and Security Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Yanping Qu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Houyuan Zeng
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Jingtian Yang
- Ecological and Security Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
- Ecological and Security Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Dongzhou Deng
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- Engineering Research Center for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Dechao Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Banghong Jian
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Lingliang Guan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571737, China
| | - Li He
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 610081, China
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Sun Y, Zhang F, Wei J, Song K, Sun L, Yang Y, Qin Q, Yang S, Li Z, Xu G, Sun S, Xue Y. Phosphate Transporter OsPT4, Ubiquitinated by E3 Ligase OsAIRP2, Plays a Crucial Role in Phosphorus and Nitrogen Translocation and Consumption in Germinating Seed. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38052756 PMCID: PMC10697913 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are essential macronutrients necessary for plant growth and development. OsPT4 is a high-affinity phosphate (Pi) transporter that has a positive impact on nutrient uptake and seed development. In this study, the expression patterns of different Pi transporter genes in germinating seeds were determined, and the relative expression of OsPT4 was induced in Pi-deficient seeds and gradually increased with the passage of germination time. The analysis of P, N, Pi, and amino acid concentrations in germinating seeds of OsPT4 mutants showed that the OsPT4 mutation caused P and N retention and a continuous reduction in multiple amino acid concentrations in germinating seeds. Transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR results also indicated that the OsPT4 mutation inhibits the expression of genes related to P and N transportation and amino acid synthesis in germinating seeds. In addition, the paraffin section and TUNEL assay of OsPT4 mutant germinating seeds suggests that OsPT4 mutation causes programmed cell death (PCD) delayed in the aleurone layer and inhibition of leaf outgrowth. Moreover, we also found that OsPT4 was ubiquitinated by OsAIRP2, which is a C3HC4-type RING E3 Ub ligase. Our studies illustrate that OsPT4 plays a crucial role in P and N collaborative translocation and consumption in germinating seeds. It also provides a theoretical basis for the molecules and physiological mechanisms of P and N cross-talk under suppressed Pi uptake conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Sun
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Ke Song
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Shiyan Yang
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Zhouwen Li
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yong Xue
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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Kun Yuan, Zhang H, Yu C, Luo N, Yan J, Zheng S, Hu Q, Zhang D, Kou L, Meng X, Jing Y, Chen M, Ban X, Yan Z, Lu Z, Wu J, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Wang Y, Xiong G, Chu J, Wang E, Li J, Wang B. Low phosphorus promotes NSP1-NSP2 heterodimerization to enhance strigolactone biosynthesis and regulate shoot and root architecture in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1811-1831. [PMID: 37794682 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant development and metabolism, and plants have evolved ingenious mechanisms to overcome phosphate (Pi) starvation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of shoot and root architecture by low phosphorus conditions and the coordinated utilization of Pi and nitrogen remain largely unclear. Here, we show that Nodulation Signaling Pathway 1 (NSP1) and NSP2 regulate rice tiller number by promoting the biosynthesis of strigolactones (SLs), a class of phytohormones with fundamental effects on plant architecture and environmental responses. We found that NSP1 and NSP2 are induced by Oryza sativa PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE2 (OsPHR2) in response to low-Pi stress and form a complex to directly bind the promoters of SL biosynthesis genes, thus markedly increasing SL biosynthesis in rice. Interestingly, the NSP1/2-SL signaling module represses the expression of CROWN ROOTLESS 1 (CRL1), a newly identified early SL-responsive gene in roots, to restrain lateral root density under Pi deficiency. We also demonstrated that GR244DO treatment under normal conditions inhibits the expression of OsNRTs and OsAMTs to suppress nitrogen absorption but enhances the expression of OsPTs to promote Pi absorption, thus facilitating the balance between nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in rice. Importantly, we found that NSP1p:NSP1 and NSP2p:NSP2 transgenic plants show improved agronomic traits and grain yield under low- and medium-phosphorus conditions. Taken together, these results revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of SL biosynthesis and signaling in response to Pi starvation, providing genetic resources for improving plant architecture and nutrient-use efficiency in low-Pi environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liquan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanhui Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingjiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinwei Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zefu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Deng QY, Luo JT, Zheng JM, Tan WF, Pu ZJ, Wang F. Genome-wide systematic characterization of the NRT2 gene family and its expression profile in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during plant growth and in response to nitrate deficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:353. [PMID: 37420192 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major cereal crop that is grown worldwide, and it is highly dependent on sufficient N supply. The molecular mechanisms associated with nitrate uptake and assimilation are still poorly understood in wheat. In plants, NRT2 family proteins play a crucial role in NO3- acquisition and translocation under nitrate limited conditions. However, the biological functions of these genes in wheat are still unclear, especially their roles in NO3- uptake and assimilation. RESULTS In this study, a comprehensive analysis of wheat TaNRT2 genes was conducted using bioinformatics and molecular biology methods, and 49 TaNRT2 genes were identified. A phylogenetic analysis clustered the TaNRT2 genes into three clades. The genes that clustered on the same phylogenetic branch had similar gene structures and nitrate assimilation functions. The identified genes were further mapped onto the 13 wheat chromosomes, and the results showed that a large duplication event had occurred on chromosome 6. To explore the TaNRT2 gene expression profiles in wheat, we performed transcriptome sequencing after low nitrate treatment for three days. Transcriptome analysis revealed the expression levels of all TaNRT2 genes in shoots and roots, and based on the expression profiles, three highly expressed genes (TaNRT2-6A.2, TaNRT2-6A.6, and TaNRT2-6B.4) were selected for qPCR analysis in two different wheat cultivars ('Mianmai367' and 'Nanmai660') under nitrate-limited and normal conditions. All three genes were upregulated under nitrate-limited conditions and highly expressed in the high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) wheat 'Mianmai367' under low nitrate conditions. CONCLUSION We systematically identified 49 NRT2 genes in wheat and analysed the transcript levels of all TaNRT2s under nitrate deficient conditions and over the whole growth period. The results suggest that these genes play important roles in nitrate absorption, distribution, and accumulation. This study provides valuable information and key candidate genes for further studies on the function of TaNRT2s in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Deng
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Luo
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Jian-Min Zheng
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Wen-Fang Tan
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zong-Jun Pu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Wang F, Wang Y, Ying L, Lu H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu J, Wu Y, Mo X, Wu Z, Mao C. Integrated transcriptomic analysis identifies coordinated responses to nitrogen and phosphate deficiency in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1164441. [PMID: 37223782 PMCID: PMC10200874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two primary components of fertilizers for crop production. Coordinated acquisition and utilization of N and P are crucial for plants to achieve nutrient balance and optimal growth in a changing rhizospheric nutrient environment. However, little is known about how N and P signaling pathways are integrated. We performed transcriptomic analyses and physiological experiments to explore gene expression profiles and physiological homeostasis in the response of rice (Oryza sativa) to N and P deficiency. We revealed that N and P shortage inhibit rice growth and uptake of other nutrients. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) suggested that N and Pi deficiency stimulate specific different physiological reactions and also some same physiological processes in rice. We established the transcriptional regulatory network between N and P signaling pathways based on all DEGs. We determined that the transcript levels of 763 core genes changed under both N or P starvation conditions. Among these core genes, we focused on the transcription factor gene NITRATE-INDUCIBLE, GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR 1 (NIGT1) and show that its encoded protein is a positive regulator of P homeostasis and a negative regulator of N acquisition in rice. NIGT1 promoted Pi uptake but inhibited N absorption, induced the expression of Pi responsive genes PT2 and SPX1 and repressed the N responsive genes NLP1 and NRT2.1. These results provide new clues about the mechanisms underlying the interaction between plant N and P starvation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luying Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijian Liu
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, Hainan, China
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10
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Walczyk AM, Hersch-Green EI. Do water and soil nutrient scarcities differentially impact the performance of diploid and tetraploid Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod, Asteraceae)? PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1031-1042. [PMID: 35727918 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants require water and nutrients for survival, although the effects of their availabilities on plant fitness differ amongst species. Genome size variation, within and across species, is suspected to influence plant water and nutrient requirements, but little is known about how variations in these resources concurrently affect plant fitness based on genome size. We examined how genome size variation between autopolyploid cytotypes influences plant morphological and physiological traits, and whether cytotype-specific trait responses differ based on water and/or nutrient availability. Diploid and autotetraploid Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod) were grown in a greenhouse under four soil water:N+P treatments (L:L, L:H, H:L, H:H), and stomata characteristics (size, density), growth (above- and belowground biomass, R/S), and physiological (Anet , E, WUE) responses were measured. Resource availabilities and cytotype identity influenced some plant responses but their effects were independent of each other. Plants grown in high-water and nutrient treatments were larger, plants grown in low-water or high-nutrient treatments had higher WUE but lower E, and Anet and E rates decreased as plants aged. Autotetraploids also had larger and fewer stomata, higher biomass and larger Anet than diploids. Nutrient and water availability could influence intra- and interspecific competitive outcomes. Although S. gigantea cytotypes were not differentially affected by resource treatments, genome size may influence cytogeographic range patterning and population establishment likelihood. For instance, the larger size of autotetraploid S. gigantea might render them more competitive for resources and niche space than diploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Walczyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - E I Hersch-Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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11
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Yan C, Liu Z, Yuan Z, Shi X, Lock TR, Kallenbach RL. Aridity modifies the responses of plant stoichiometry to global warming and nitrogen deposition in semi-arid steppes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154807. [PMID: 35341862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and nitrogen (N) deposition are known to unbalance the stoichiometry of carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P) in terrestrial plants, but it is unclear how water availability regulates their effects along a natural aridity gradient. Here, we conducted manipulative experiments to determine the effects of experimental warming (WT) and N addition (NT) on plant stoichiometry in desert, typical, and meadow steppes with decreasing aridity. WT elevated air temperatures by 1.2-2.9 °C using open-top chambers. WT increased forb C:N ratio and thus its N use efficiency and competitiveness in desert steppes, whereas WT reduced forb C:N and C:P ratios in typical and meadow steppes. Plant N:P ratio, which reflects nutrient limitation, was reduced by WT in desert steppes but not for typical or meadow steppes. NT reduced plant C:N ratios and increased N:P ratios in all three steppes. NT reduced forb C:P ratios in desert and typical steppes, but it enhanced grass C:P ratio in meadow steppes, indicating an enhancement of P use efficiency and competitiveness of grasses in wet steppes. WT and NT had synergetic effects on grass C:N and C:P ratios in all three steppes, which helps to increase grasses' productivity. Under WT or NT, the changes in community C:N ratio were positively correlated with increasing aridity, indicating that aridity increases plants' N use efficiency. However, aridity negatively affected the changes in N:P ratios under NT but not WT, which suggests that aridity mitigates P limitation induced by N deposition. Our results imply that warming could shift the dominant functional group into forbs in dry steppes due to altered stoichiometry, whereas grasses become dominated plants in wet steppes under increasing N deposition. We suggest that global changes might break the stoichiometric balance of plants and water availability could strongly modify such processes in semi-arid steppes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Geographical Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zunchi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiyou Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xinrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - T Ryan Lock
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 108 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Robert L Kallenbach
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 108 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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12
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Lim C, Kang K, Shim Y, Yoo SC, Paek NC. Inactivating transcription factor OsWRKY5 enhances drought tolerance through abscisic acid signaling pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1900-1916. [PMID: 34718775 PMCID: PMC8968288 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During crop cultivation, water-deficit conditions retard growth, thus reducing crop productivity. Therefore, uncovering the mechanisms behind drought tolerance is a critical task for crop improvement. Here, we show that the rice (Oryza sativa) WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY5 negatively regulates drought tolerance. We determined that OsWRKY5 was mainly expressed in developing leaves at the seedling and heading stages, and that its expression was reduced by drought stress and by treatment with NaCl, mannitol, and abscisic acid (ABA). Notably, the genome-edited loss-of-function alleles oswrky5-2 and oswrky5-3 conferred enhanced drought tolerance, measured as plant growth under water-deficit conditions. Conversely, the overexpression of OsWRKY5 in the activation-tagged line oswrky5-D resulted in higher susceptibility under the same conditions. The loss of OsWRKY5 activity increased sensitivity to ABA, thus promoting ABA-dependent stomatal closure. Transcriptome deep sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that the expression of abiotic stress-related genes including rice MYB2 (OsMYB2) was upregulated in oswrky5 knockout mutants and downregulated in oswrky5-D mutants. Moreover, dual-luciferase, yeast one-hybrid, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that OsWRKY5 directly binds to the W-box sequences in the promoter region of OsMYB2 and represses OsMYB2 expression, thus downregulating genes downstream of OsMYB2 in the ABA signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate that OsWRKY5 functions as a negative regulator of ABA-induced drought stress tolerance, strongly suggesting that inactivation of OsWRKY5 or manipulation of key OsWRKY5 targets could be useful to improve drought tolerance in rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yejin Shim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Cheul Yoo
- Department of Plant Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
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13
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Impacts of corn stover management and fertilizer application on soil nutrient availability and enzymatic activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1985. [PMID: 35132132 PMCID: PMC8821671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn stover is a global resource used in many industrial sectors including bioenergy, fuel, and livestock operations. However, stover removal can negatively impact soil nutrient availability, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), biological activity, and soil health. We evaluated the effects of corn stover management combined with N and P fertilization on soil quality, using soil chemical (nitrate, ammonium and Bray-1 P) and biological parameters (β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase activities and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis—FDA). The experiment was performed on a Mollisol (Typic Endoaquoll) in a continuous corn system from 2013 to 2015 in Minnesota, USA. The treatments tested included six N rates (0 to 200 kg N ha−1), five P rates (0 to 100 kg P2O5 ha−1), and two residue management strategies (residue removed or incorporated) totalling 60 treatments. Corn stover management significantly impacted soil mineral-N forms and enzyme activity. In general, plots where residue was incorporated were found to have high NH4+ and enzyme activity compared to plots where residue was removed. In contrast, fields where residue was removed showed higher NO3− than plots where residue was incorporated. Residue management had little effect on soil available P. Soil enzyme activity was affected by both nutrient and residue management. In most cases, activity of the enzymes measured in plots where residue was removed frequently showed a positive response to added N and P. In contrast, soil enzyme responses to applied N and P in plots where residue was incorporated were less evident. Soil available nutrients tended to decrease in plots where residue was removed compared with plots where residue was incorporated. In conclusion, stover removal was found to have significant potential to change soil chemical and biological properties and caution should be taken when significant amounts of stover are removed from continuous corn fields. The residue removal could decrease different enzymes related to C-cycle (β-glucosidase) and soil microbial activity (FDA) over continuous cropping seasons, impairing soil health.
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14
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Wang X, Yan X, Huang K, Luo X, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Yang F, Xu X, Zhou X, Niu K, Guo H. Nitrogen enrichment and warming shift community functional composition via distinct mechanisms: the role of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Xuebin Yan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Kailing Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Xi Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Luyao Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro‐ecosystems School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Kechang Niu
- School of Life Sciences Nanjing University 210093 China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
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15
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Sun Y, Hu Z, Wang X, Shen X, Hu S, Yan Y, Kant S, Xu G, Xue Y, Sun S. Overexpression of OsPHR3 improves growth traits and facilitates nitrogen use efficiency under low phosphate condition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:712-722. [PMID: 34214781 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are both essential macronutrients for maintaining plant growth and development. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), OsPHR3 is one of the four paralogs of PHR1, which acts as a central regulator of phosphate (Pi) homeostasis, as well being involved in N homeostasis. However, the functions of OsPHR3 in N utilization under different Pi conditions have yet to be fully studied. In this study, we aimed to dissect the effect of OsPHR3-overexpression on N utilization under Pi deficient regimes. Biochemical, molecular and physiological assays were performed to determine the N-influx, translocation, and accumulation in OsPHR3-overexpressing rice lines, grown under Pi-sufficient and -deficient conditions, in both hydroponic and soil systems. Furthermore, important agronomic traits of these plants were also evaluated. The overexpression of OsPHR3 increased N uptake under Pi stress regimes. Increased N uptake also elevated total N concentrations in these plants by inducing N transporter genes expression. Furthermore, overexpression of OsPHR3 increased N use efficiency, 1000-grain weight and grain yield under different Pi conditions. We established new findings that OsPHR3-overexpression facilitates N utilization under Pi deficient conditions. This will help achieving higher yields by coordinating the utilization of N and P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Landscape Architecture Department, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China
| | - Xing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Siwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, 3400, Australia
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China.
| | - Shubin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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16
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Liu AN, Zhang Y, Hou ZF, Hui Lü G. Allometric scaling of biomass with nitrogen and phosphorus above- and below-ground in herbaceous plants varies along water-salinity gradients. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab030. [PMID: 34646433 PMCID: PMC8500215 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass allocation affects the ability of plants to acquire resources and nutrients; a limited allocation of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, affects ecological processes. However, little research has been conducted on how plant allocation patterns change and on the trade-offs involved in allocation strategies when microhabitat gradients exist. We selected a 3.6 km transect in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Natural Reserve of Xinjiang, China, to investigate the relationships between plant traits (biomass and N and P concentrations) of herbaceous plants and environmental factors (soil moisture, salinity and nutrient content), and to determine the allometric scaling of biomass and stoichiometric traits between the above- and below-ground plant parts. The results show that the biomass and stoichiometric traits of plants reflected both the change of micro-environment and the natural characteristics of plants. With a decrease of the soil water availability and salinity, above- and below-ground N and P concentrations decrease gradually; scaling relationships exist between above- and below-ground plant parts, for biomass and N and P concentrations. Biomass allocation is influenced by soil nutrient ratios, and the allocation strategy tended to be conserved for N and variable for P. Second, the scaling relationships also show interspecific differences; all scaling exponents of Suaeda prostrata are larger than for other species and indicate a 'tolerance' strategy, while other species tend to increase the below-ground biomass and N and P concentrations, i.e. a 'capture' strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Na Liu
- Institute of Arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Education Ministry, Urumqi 830046, China
- Institute of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 8300462, China
- College of Science, Shihezi University, Shehezi 832003, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Education Ministry, Urumqi 830046, China
- Institute of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 8300462, China
| | - Zhu Feng Hou
- Institute of Arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Education Ministry, Urumqi 830046, China
- Institute of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 8300462, China
| | - Guang Hui Lü
- Institute of Arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Education Ministry, Urumqi 830046, China
- Institute of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 8300462, China
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Liu L, Zuo S, Ma M, Li J, Guo L, Huang D. Appropriate nitrogen addition regulates reproductive strategies of Leymus chinensis. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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Wang R, Zhong Y, Liu X, Zhao C, Zhao J, Li M, Ul Hassan M, Yang B, Li D, Liu R, Li X. Cis-regulation of the amino acid transporter genes ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 by ZmPHR1 transcription factors in maize ear under phosphate limitation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3846-3863. [PMID: 33765129 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition have profound and complicated innate connections; however, underlying molecular mechanisms are mostly elusive. PHR1 is a master phosphate signaling component, and whether it directly functions in phosphorus-nitrogen crosstalk remains a particularly interesting question. In maize, nitrogen limitation caused tip kernel abortion and ear shortening. By contrast, moderately low phosphate in the field reduced kernels across the ear, maintained ear elongation and significantly lowered concentrations of total free amino acids and soluble proteins 2 weeks after silking. Transcriptome profiling revealed significant enrichment and overall down-regulation of transport genes in ears under low phosphate. Importantly, 313 out of 847 differentially expressed genes harbored PHR1 binding sequences (P1BS) including those controlling amino acid/polyamine transport and metabolism. Specifically, both ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 are plasma membrane-localized broad-spectrum amino acid transporters, and ZmPHR1.1 and ZmPHR1.2 were able to bind to P1BS-containing ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 and down-regulate their expression in planta. Taken together, the results suggest that prevalence of P1BS elements enables ZmPHR1s to regulate a large number of low phosphate responsive genes. Further, consistent with reduced accumulation of free amino acids, ZmPHR1s down-regulate ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 expression as direct linkers of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition independent of NIGT1 in maize ear under low phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, ShanghaiChina
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, BeijingChina
| | - Mengfei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and Biochemistry and National Centre of Maize Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, BeijingChina
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Centre of Maize Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, BeijingChina
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, FuzhouChina
| | - Xuexian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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19
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Substituting chemical P fertilizer with organic manure: effects on double-rice yield, phosphorus use efficiency and balance in subtropical China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8629. [PMID: 33883629 PMCID: PMC8060255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic manure is an ideal alternative fertilizer to provide phosphorus (P) but is not fully recycled in subtropical China. In order to identify if it can replace chemical P fertilizer, a 35-year field trail in a paddy soil under double-rice cropping system was conducted to assess the effects of substituting chemical P fertilizer with pig manure (NKM) on rice yield, phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and P balance. The N, P and K input under NKM was 1.2, 0.8 and 1.2 times of the combined chemical fertilizer treatment (NPK), respectively. The NKM treatment reached the same level of grain yield with NPK after 20 years’ application, and showed significantly 4.0% decreased double-rice grain yield compared with NPK over the 35 years. The NKM treatment reduced the crop P uptake leading to decreased PUE compared with NPK. Long-term P budget showed that NKM may result in higher potential of P loss than NPK. Thus, substituting chemical P fertilizer with organic manure under this rate of nutrient input slightly sacrificed the crop yield and may increase the P loss. Considering the benefits of soil fertility, adjusting the substitution rate with a more balanced NPK input might be alternative in subtropical China.
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20
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Olivera Viciedo D, de Mello Prado R, Martinez CA, Habermann E, de Cássia Piccolo M, Calero Hurtado A, Barreto RF, Peña Calzada K. Changes in soil water availability and air-temperature impact biomass allocation and C:N:P stoichiometry in different organs of Stylosanthes capitata Vogel. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111540. [PMID: 33126195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and soil water availability play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of essential elements for plant growth, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). In this study, we investigated how drought and warming impact C:N:P stoichiometric ratios of different plant organs (leaves, inflorescences, and stems), and biomass allocation and production of a field-grown pasture of Stylosanthes capitata, a tropical forage legume. We evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+2 °C above ambient temperature) under two conditions of soil water availability, irrigated, and non-irrigated. In general, we observed that different functional plant organs showed distinct responses to drought and warming demonstrating how important is to evaluate different functional plant organs to unravel crop nutrient dynamics. In addition, interactive effects between warming and drought were observed in many situations, highlighting the importance of multifactorial studies. Our data showed that warming produced plants with more inflorescences, decreasing leaf:inflorescence ratio. However, only warming under well-watered conditions improved biomass production (in 38%). Warmed and irrigated plants showed higher stoichiometric homeostasis compared to other treatments. In an opposite direction, drought decreased P concentration and increased N:P ratios in different organs, reducing the stoichiometric homeostasis under both conditions of temperature. We have concluded that warm and well-watered conditions without restrictions in soil nutrient availability can enhance plant production, presumably due to a higher level of stoichiometric homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexander Calero Hurtado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Barreto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kolima Peña Calzada
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Gong Y, Ling H, Chen Y, Cao J, Guo Z, Lv G. N:P stoichiometric changes via species turnover in arid versus saline desert environments. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6636-6645. [PMID: 32724538 PMCID: PMC7381577 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aridity and salinity have a key role in driving physiological and ecological processes in desert ecosystems. However, how community-scale foliar nutrients respond to aridity and salinity, and how these responses might vary with community composition along aridity and salinity gradients is unclear. We hypothesize that the response will be a shift in community stoichiometric values resulting from nutrient variability of shared species and unique species (site-specific species), but little research has addressed the relative contribution of either component.We analyzed the community-scale stoichiometric response of a desert community of perennial plants along an aridity and salinity transect by focusing on foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations and N:P ratios. After evaluating the shared and unique species variability, we determined their relative contribution to the community stoichiometric response to aridity and salinity, reflected by changes in nonweighted and weighted community-average values.Community-scale stoichiometry decreased significantly under aridity and salinity, with significantly consistent changes in nonweighted and weighted community-average stoichiometry for most shared and unique species measurements. The relative contribution of unique species shifts to the changes in community stoichiometry was greater (15%-77%) than the relative contribution of shared species shifts (7%-45%), excluding the change in weighted P concentration under aridity. Thus, the shifts of unique species amplified the community stoichiometric response to environmental changes. Synthesis. These results highlighted the need for a more in-depth consideration of shared and unique species variability to understand and predict the effects of environmental change on the stoichiometry of plant communities. Although variation in community stoichiometry can be expected under extreme aridity and salinity conditions, changes of unique species could be a more important driver of the stoichiometric response of plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Ming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis EcologyXinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)UrumqiChina
| | - Hong‐Bo Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis EcologyXinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)UrumqiChina
| | - Yue Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Jing Cao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Zhen‐Jie Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Guang‐Hui Lv
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis EcologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
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22
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Li P, Yin R, Shang B, Agathokleous E, Zhou H, Feng Z. Interactive effects of ozone exposure and nitrogen addition on tree root traits and biomass allocation pattern: An experimental case study and a literature meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136379. [PMID: 31926420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution often co-occurs with anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition. Many studies have explored how O3 and soil N affect aboveground structure and function of trees, but it remains unclear how belowground processes change over a spectrum of N addition and O3 concentrations levels. Here, we explored the interactive impact of O3 (five levels) and soil N (four levels) on fine and coarse root biomass and biomass allocation pattern in poplar clone 107 (Populus euramericana cv. '74/76'). We then evaluated the modifying effects of N on the responses of tree root biomass to O3 via a synthesis of published literature. Elevated O3 inhibited while N addition stimulated root biomass, with more pronounced effects on fine roots than on coarse root. The root:shoot (R:S) ratio was markedly decreased by N addition but remained unaffected by O3. No interactive effects between O3 and N were observed on root biomass and R:S ratio. The slope of log-log linear relationship between shoot and root biomass (i.e. scaling exponent) was increased by N, but not significantly affected by O3. The analysis of published literature further revealed that the O3-induced reduction in tree root biomass was not modified by soil N. The results suggest that higher N addition levels enhance faster allocation of shoot biomass while shoot biomass scales isometrically with root biomass across multiple O3 levels. N addition does not markedly alter the sensitivity of root biomass of trees to O3. These findings highlight that the biomass allocation exhibits a differential response to environmentally realistic levels of O3 and N, and provide an important perspective for understanding and predicting net primary productivity and carbon dynamics in O3-polluted and N-enriched environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rongbin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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23
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Hu B, Chu C. Nitrogen-phosphorus interplay: old story with molecular tale. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1455-1460. [PMID: 31400226 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two most abundant mineral nutrients used by plants, and are also the mostly widely used fertilizer elements driving crop yield improvement in agricultural production. The coordinated utilization of N and P is essential to maintain optimal plant growth and achieve maximal crop yield. The signaling pathways of N and P are generally studied separately, so our understanding of N-P interactions is very limited. A series of recent studies have revealed the critical components regulating N-P interactions in both Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa), and have shed light on our in-depth understanding of the network integrating N and P signaling pathways. Here, we summarize recent progress on N-P interaction and propose possible working mechanisms integrating these N-P interactive regulation pathways. We further discuss future work that might reveal the N-P interactive regulation network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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24
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Liu X, Wang G, Ran Y, Qi D, Han G, Guan B, Hao C. Overall supply level, not the relative supply of nitrogen and phosphorus, affects the plant community composition of a supratidal wetland in the Yellow River Delta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133866. [PMID: 31422323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have altered the environmental nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply from both aspects of overall supply level and relative supply ratio. However, the effects of the two aspects on plant community composition are still not clear. In this study, a field manipulation experiment combining 3 overall nutrient supply levels (Low, Medium and High) and 3 N:P supply ratios (5,1, 15:1 and 45:1) was conducted in a supratidal wetland in the Yellow River Delta from 2015 to 2018. The effects of the two aspects on soil properties, performance of dominant species and plant community diversity were examined. The results showed that the N:P supply ratio and overall supply level both affected the concentration of soil inorganic N and available P, and N:P ratio significantly, while only overall supply level exerted a significant effect on the importance value of the dominant species, species richness and Shannon diversity. There were big gaps in the N and P supply amounts among the treatments that having same overall supply level with different supply ratio, but the plant composition displayed no significant difference among these treatments, which suggested that P may be also very important in affecting plant community composition in the study area. The species richness and the Shannon diversity were negatively correlated with the importance value of Suaeda glauca. With the rise of overall supply level, S. glauca became increasingly dominant and suppressed other species. Compared with the control treatment, the species richness and the Shannon diversity declined significantly only at high supply level (minimum N supply amount of 26.01 g m-2 yr-1), indicated that the supratidal wetland had high resilience to nutrient enrichment. Our results revealed that the N:P supply ratio has little influence on plant composition, compared with overall supply, in relative short-term in the supratidal wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Guangmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuenan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Dehua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Guan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Sega P, Pacak A. Plant PHR Transcription Factors: Put on A Map. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E1018. [PMID: 31817743 PMCID: PMC6947268 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphate starvation response (PHR) protein family exhibits the MYB and coiled-coil domains. In plants, within the either 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) or promoter regions of phosphate starvation-induced (PSI) genes are characteristic cis-regulatory elements, namely PHR1 binding sequence (P1BS). The most widely studied PHR protein family members, such as AtPHR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) and OsPHR2 in Oryza sativa (L.), may activate the gene expression of a broad range of PSI genes by binding to such elements in a phosphate (Pi) dependent manner. In Pi signaling, PHR transcription factors (TFs) can be selectively activated or deactivated by other proteins to execute the final step of signal transduction. Several new proteins have been associated with the AtPHR1/OsPHR2 signaling cascade in the last few years. While the PHR TF transcriptional role has been studied intensively, here we highlight the recent findings of upstream molecular components and other signaling pathways that may interfere with the PHR final mode of action in plants. Detailed information about transcriptional regulation of the AtPHR1 gene itself and its upstream molecular events has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Pacak
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
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26
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Ritmejeryt E, Boughton BA, Bayly MJ, Miller RE. Divergent responses of above- and below-ground chemical defence to nitrogen and phosphorus supply in waratahs (Telopea speciosissima). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:1134-1145. [PMID: 31615620 DOI: 10.1071/fp19122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrition can affect the allocation of resources to plant chemical defences, yet little is known about how phosphorus (P) supply, and relative nitrogen (N) and P supply, affect chemical defences, especially in species with intrinsically conservative nutrient use adapted to P-impoverished soils. Waratah (Telopea speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br.), like other Proteaceae, is adapted nutrient-poor soils. It was identified as having cyanogenic glycosides (CNglycs) throughout the plant. T. speciosissima seedlings were grown for 15 weeks under two N and P concentrations. CNglycs (N-based defence) and nutrients were quantified in above- and below-ground organs; foliar carbon (C)-based phenolics and tannins were also quantified. CNglyc concentrations in roots were on average 51-fold higher than in above-ground tissues and were affected by both N and P supply, whereas foliar CNglyc concentrations only responded to N supply. Leaves had high concentrations of C-based defences, which increased under low N, and were not correlated with N-based defences. Greater root chemical defence against herbivores and pathogens may be important in a non-mycorrhizal species that relies on basal resprouting following disturbance. The differing responses of secondary chemistry in above- and below-ground organs to P and N demonstrate the importance of broadening the predominantly foliar focus of plant defence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Ritmejeryt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, Vic. 3121, Australia; and School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Berin A Boughton
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia; and Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Bayly
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Miller
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, Vic. 3121, Australia
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27
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Slaughter LC, Nelson JA, Carlisle AE, Bourguignon M, Dinkins RD, Phillips TD, McCulley RL. Tall Fescue and E. coenophiala Genetics Influence Root-Associated Soil Fungi in a Temperate Grassland. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2380. [PMID: 31749767 PMCID: PMC6843077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A constitutive, host-specific symbiosis exists between the aboveground fungal endophyte Epichloë coenophiala (Morgan-Jones & W. Gams) and the cool-season grass tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.), which is a common forage grass in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and temperate European grasslands. New cultivars of tall fescue are continually developed to improve pasture productivity and animal health by manipulating both grass and E. coenophiala genetics, yet how these selected grass-endophyte combinations impact other microbial symbionts such as mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi remains unclear. Without better characterizing how genetically distinct grass-endophyte combinations interact with belowground microorganisms, we cannot determine how adoption of new E. coenophiala-symbiotic cultivars in pasture systems will influence long-term soil characteristics and ecosystem function. Here, we examined how E. coenophiala presence and host × endophyte genetic combinations control root colonization by belowground symbiotic fungi and associated plant nutrient concentrations and soil properties in a 2-year manipulative field experiment. We used four vegetative clone pairs of tall fescue that consisted of one endophyte-free (E-) and one E. coenophiala-symbiotic (E+) clone each, where E+ clones within each pair contained one of four endophyte genotypes: CTE14, CTE45, NTE16, or NTE19. After 2 years of growth in field plots, we measured root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE), extraradical AMF hyphae in soil, total C, N, and P in root and shoot samples, as well as C and N in associated soils. Although we observed no effects of E. coenophiala presence or symbiotic genotype on total AMF or DSE colonization rates in roots, different grass-endophyte combinations altered AMF arbuscule presence and extraradical hyphal length in soil. The CTE45 genotype hosted the fewest AMF arbuscules regardless of endophyte presence, and E+ clones within NTE19 supported significantly greater soil extraradical hyphae compared to E- clones. Because AMF are often associated with improved soil physical characteristics and C sequestration, our results suggest that development and use of unique grass-endophyte combinations may cause divergent effects on long-term ecosystem properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C. Slaughter
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jim A. Nelson
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A. Elizabeth Carlisle
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marie Bourguignon
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Randy D. Dinkins
- USDA–ARS, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Timothy D. Phillips
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rebecca L. McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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28
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Mei L, Yang X, Zhang S, Zhang T, Guo J. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate phosphorus limitation by reducing plant N:P ratios under warming and nitrogen addition in a temperate meadow ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:1129-1139. [PMID: 31412509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global change apart from ecosystem processes also influences the community structure of key organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We conducted a 3-year experiment where we suppressed with benomyl mycorrhiza to understand how AMF alter the plant community structure under warming and nitrogen (N) addition. The elemental content and foliar tissue stoichiometry of the dominant species Leymus chinensis and the subordinate species Puccinellia tenuiflora were studied along with soil nutrient stoichiometries. Overall, N addition enhanced plant N: phosphorus (P) ratios at a greater level than experimental warming did. Under global change conditions, AMF symbionts significantly increased soil available P concentrations, promoted plant P absorption and decreased the plant N:P ratios. AMF alleviate P limitation by reducing plant N:P ratios. Our results highlight that the negative influence of global change on plant productivity might cancel each other out through the additive effects of AMF and that global change will increase the dependency of plants on their mycorrhizal symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Mei
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shuaiqing Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jixun Guo
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
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Meller S, Frossard E, Luster J. Phosphorus Allocation to Leaves of Beech Saplings Reacts to Soil Phosphorus Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:744. [PMID: 31244871 PMCID: PMC6563415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing phosphorus (P) concentrations in leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) across Europe raise the question about the implications for forest health. Considering the distribution of beech forests on soils encompassing a broad range of nutrient availability, we hypothesized that this tree species exhibits high phenotypic plasticity allowing it to alter mass, and nutrient allocation in response to local nutrient availability. To test this, we grew two groups of 12-15 year old beech saplings originating from sites with high and low soil P availability for 2 years in mineral soil from their own site and in soil from the other site. After two growing seasons, P concentrations in leaves and stem, as well as mass allocation to leaves and fine roots were affected by both soil and plant origin. By contrast, relative P allocation to leaves and fine roots, as well as P concentrations in fine roots, were determined almost entirely by the experimental soil. Independent of the P nutritional status defined as average concentration of P in the whole plant, which still clearly reflected the soil conditions at the site of plant origin, relative P allocation to leaves was a particularly good indicator of P availability in the experimental soil. Furthermore, a high plasticity of this plant trait was indicated by a large difference between plants growing in the two experimental soils. This suggests a strong ability of beech to alter resource allocation in response to specific soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Meller
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Luster
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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30
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Crous KY, Wujeska-Klause A, Jiang M, Medlyn BE, Ellsworth DS. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Retranslocation of Leaves and Stemwood in a Mature Eucalyptus Forest Exposed to 5 Years of Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:664. [PMID: 31214212 PMCID: PMC6554339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 affects C cycling processes which in turn can influence the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of plant tissues. Given differences in how N and P are used by plants, we asked if their stoichiometry in leaves and wood was maintained or altered in a long-term elevated CO2 experiment in a mature Eucalyptus forest on a low P soil (EucFACE). We measured N and P concentrations in green leaves at different ages at the top of mature trees across 6 years including 5 years in elevated CO2. N and P concentrations in green and senesced leaves and wood were determined to evaluate both spatial and temporal variation of leaf N and P concentrations, including the N and P retranslocation in leaves and wood. Leaf P concentrations were 32% lower in old mature leaves compared to newly flushed leaves with no effect of elevated CO2 on leaf P. By contrast, elevated CO2 significantly decreased leaf N concentrations in newly flushed leaves but this effect disappeared as leaves matured. As such, newly flushed leaves had 9% lower N:P ratios in elevated CO2 and N:P ratios were not different in mature green leaves (CO2 by Age effect, P = 0.02). Over time, leaf N and P concentrations in the upper canopy slightly declined in both CO2 treatments compared to before the start of the experiment. P retranslocation in leaves was 50%, almost double that of N retranslocation (29%), indicating that this site was P-limited and that P retranslocation was an important mechanism in this ecosystem to retain P in plants. As P-limited trees tend to store relatively more N than P, we found an increased N:P ratio in sapwood in response to elevated CO2 (P < 0.01), implying N accumulation in live wood. The flexible stoichiometric ratios we observed can have important implications for how plants adjust to variable environmental conditions including climate change. Hence, variable nutrient stoichiometry should be accounted for in large-scale Earth Systems models invoking biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y. Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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31
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Yan Z, Eziz A, Tian D, Li X, Hou X, Peng H, Han W, Guo Y, Fang J. Biomass Allocation in Response to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability: Insight From Experimental Manipulations of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:598. [PMID: 31156669 PMCID: PMC6528069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Allocation of biomass to different organs is a fundamental aspect of plant responses and adaptations to changing environmental conditions, but how it responds to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability remains poorly addressed. Here we conducted greenhouse fertilization experiments using Arabidopsis thaliana, with five levels of N and P additions and eight repeat experiments, to ascertain the effects of N and P availability on biomass allocation patterns. N addition increased leaf and stem allocation, but decreased root and fruit allocation. P addition increased stem and fruit allocation, but decreased root and leaf allocation. Pooled data of the five levels of N addition relative to P addition resulted in lower scaling exponents of stem mass against leaf mass (0.983 vs. 1.226; p = 0.000), fruit mass against vegetative mass (0.875 vs. 1.028; p = 0.000), and shoot mass against root mass (1.069 vs. 1.324; p = 0.001). This suggested that N addition relative to P addition induced slower increase in stem mass with increasing leaf mass, slower increase in reproductive mass with increasing vegetative mass, and slower increase in shoot mass with increasing root mass. Further, the levels of N or P addition did not significantly affect the allometric relationships of stem mass vs. leaf mass, and fruit mass vs. vegetative mass. In contrast, increasing levels of N addition increased the scaling exponent of shoot to root mass, whereas increasing levels of P addition exerted the opposite influence on the scaling exponent. This result suggests that increasing levels of N addition promote allocation to shoot mass, whereas the increasing levels of P addition promote allocation to root mass. Our findings highlight that biomass allocation of A. thaliana exhibits a contrasting response to N and P availability, which has profound implications for forecasting the biomass allocation strategies in plants to human-induced nutrient enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Yan
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Anwar Eziz
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yalong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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32
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Hu B, Jiang Z, Wang W, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Li A, Gao X, Liu L, Qian Y, Huang X, Yu F, Kang S, Wang Y, Xie J, Cao S, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xie Q, Kopriva S, Chu C. Nitrate-NRT1.1B-SPX4 cascade integrates nitrogen and phosphorus signalling networks in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:401-413. [PMID: 30911122 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To ensure high crop yields in a sustainable manner, a comprehensive understanding of the control of nutrient acquisition is required. In particular, the signalling networks controlling the coordinated utilization of the two most highly demanded mineral nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, are of utmost importance. Here, we reveal a mechanism by which nitrate activates both phosphate and nitrate utilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We show that the nitrate sensor NRT1.1B interacts with a phosphate signalling repressor SPX4. Nitrate perception strengthens the NRT1.1B-SPX4 interaction and promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of SPX4 by recruiting NRT1.1B interacting protein 1 (NBIP1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. This in turn allows the key transcription factor of phosphate signalling, PHR2, to translocate to the nucleus and initiate the transcription of phosphorus utilization genes. Interestingly, the central transcription factor of nitrate signalling, NLP3, is also under the control of SPX4. Thus, nitrate-triggered degradation of SPX4 activates both phosphate- and nitrate-responsive genes, implementing the coordinated utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aifu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junpeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouyun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhe Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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33
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Peng H, Yan Z, Chen Y, Zhao X, Han W. Effects of body size and root to shoot ratio on foliar nutrient resorption efficiency in Amaranthus mangostanus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:363-370. [PMID: 30861100 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Nutrient resorption is essential for plant nutrient conservation. Large-bodied plants potentially have large nutrient sink pools and high nutrient flux. Whether and how nutrient resorption can be regulated by plant size and biomass allocation are yet unknown. METHODS Using the herbaceous plant Amaranthus mangostanus in greenhouse experiments for two consecutive years, we measured plant biomass, height, and stem diameter and calculated the root to shoot biomass ratio (R/S ratio) and nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE) to assess the effects of plant body size and biomass allocation on NuRE. NuRE was calculated as the percentage reduction in leaf nutrient concentration from green leaf to senesced leaf. KEY RESULTS NuRE increased with plant biomass, height, and stem diameter, suggesting that the individuals with larger bodies, which led to a larger nutrient pool, tended to resorb proportionally more nutrients from the senescing leaves. NuRE decreased with increasing root to shoot ratio, which might have reflected the nutrient acquisition trade-offs between resorption from the senescent leaves and absorption from the soil. Increased root biomass allocation increased the proportion of nutrient acquisition through absorption more than through resorption. CONCLUSIONS This study presented the first experimental evidence of how NuRE is linked to plant size (indicated by biomass, height, and stem diameter) and biomass allocation, suggesting that nutrient acquisition could be modulated by the size of the nutrient sink pool and its partitioning in plants, which can improve our understanding of a conservation mechanism for plant nutrients. The body size and root to shoot ratio effects might also partly explain previous inconsistent reports on the relationships between environmental nutrient availability and NuRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yahan Chen
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xujian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
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34
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Zhang J, Yan X, Su F, Li Z, Wang Y, Wei Y, Ji Y, Yang Y, Zhou X, Guo H, Hu S. Long-term N and P additions alter the scaling of plant nitrogen to phosphorus in a Tibetan alpine meadow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:440-448. [PMID: 29291558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus are two important nutrient elements for plants. The current paradigm suggests that the scaling of plant tissue N to P is conserved across environments and plant taxa because these two elements are coupled and coordinately change with each other following a constant allometric trajectory. However, this assumption has not been vigorously examined, particularly in changing N and P environments. We propose that changes in relative availability of N and P in soil alter the N to P relationship in plants. Taking advantage of a 4-yr N and P addition experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, we examined changes in plant N and P concentrations of 14 common species. Our results showed that while the scaling of N to P under N additions was similar to the previously reported pattern with a uniform 2/3 slope of the regression between log N and log P, it was significantly different under P additions with a smaller slope. Also, graminoids had different responses from forbs. These results indicate that the relative availability of soil N and P is an important determinant regulating the N and P concentrations in plants. These findings suggest that alterations in the N to P relationships may not only alter plant photosynthate allocation to vegetative or reproductive organs, but also regulate the metabolic and growth rate of plant and promote shifts in plant community composition in a changing nutrient loading environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xuebin Yan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Fanglong Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yangguang Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Shuijin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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35
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Huang J, Yu H, Liu J, Luo C, Sun Z, Ma K, Kang Y, Du Y. Phosphorus addition changes belowground biomass and C:N:P stoichiometry of two desert steppe plants under simulated N deposition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3400. [PMID: 29467375 PMCID: PMC5821873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21565-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition broadens N:phosphorus (P) in both soils and plant leaves and potentially intensifies P limitation for plants. However, few studies have tested whether P addition alleviates N-induced P limitation for plant belowground growth. It is also less known how changed N:P in soils and leaves affect plant belowground stoichiometry, which is significant for maintaining key belowground ecological processes. We conducted a multi-level N:P supply experiment (varied P levels combined with constant N amount) for Glycyrrhiza uralensis (a N fixing species) and Pennisetum centrasiaticum (a grass) from a desert steppe in Northwest China during 2011–2013. Results showed that increasing P addition increased the belowground biomass and P concentrations of both species, resulting in the decreases in belowground carbon (C):P and N:P. These results indicate that P inputs alleviated N-induced P limitation and hence stimulated belowground growth. Belowground C:N:P stoichiometry of both species, especially P. centrasiaticum, tightly linked to soil and green leaf C:N:P stoichiometry. Thus, the decoupling of C:N:P ratios in both soils and leaves under a changing climate could directly alter plant belowground stoichiometry, which will in turn have important feedbacks to primary productivity and C sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juying Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.,Ningxia (China-Arab) Key Laboratory of Resource Assessment and Environment Regulation in Arid Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Ningxia (China-Arab) Key Laboratory of Resource Assessment and Environment Regulation in Arid Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Jili Liu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.,Ningxia (China-Arab) Key Laboratory of Resource Assessment and Environment Regulation in Arid Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Chengke Luo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.,Ningxia (China-Arab) Key Laboratory of Resource Assessment and Environment Regulation in Arid Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhaojun Sun
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.,Ningxia (China-Arab) Key Laboratory of Resource Assessment and Environment Regulation in Arid Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China.,College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Kaibo Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yangmei Kang
- College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yaxian Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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36
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Luo X, Mazer SJ, Guo H, Zhang N, Weiner J, Hu S. Nitrogen:phosphorous supply ratio and allometry in five alpine plant species. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8881-8892. [PMID: 28035276 PMCID: PMC5192882 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In terrestrial ecosystems, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has greatly increased N availability relative to other elements, particularly phosphorus (P). Alterations in the availability of N relative to P can affect plant growth rate and functional traits, as well as resource allocation to above- versus belowground biomass (MA and MB). Biomass allocation among individual plants is broadly size-dependent, and this can often be described as an allometric relationship between MA and MB, as represented by the equation MA=αMBβ, or log MA = logα + βlog MB. Here, we investigated whether the scaling exponent or regression slope may be affected by the N:P supply ratio. We hypothesized that the regression slope between MA and MB should be steeper under a high N:P supply ratio due to P limitation, and shallower under a low N:P supply ratio due to N limitation. To test these hypotheses, we experimentally altered the levels of N, P, and the N:P supply ratio (from 1.7:1 to 135:1) provided to five alpine species representing two functional groups (grasses and composite forbs) under greenhouse conditions; we then measured the effects of these treatments on plant morphology and tissue content (SLA, leaf area, and leaf and root N/P concentrations) and on the scaling relationship between MA and MB. Unbalanced N:P supply ratios generally negatively affected plant biomass, leaf area, and tissue nutrient concentration in both grasses and composite forbs. High N:P ratios increased tissue N:P ratios in both functional groups, but more in the two composite forbs than in the grasses. The positive regression slopes between log MA and log MB exhibited by plants raised under a N:P supply ratio of 135:1 were significantly steeper than those observed under the N:P ratio of 1.7:1 and 15:1. SYNTHESIS Plant biomass allocation is highly plastic in response to variation in the N:P supply ratio. Studies of resource allocation of individual plants should focus on the effects of nutrient ratios as well as the availability of individual elements. The two forb species were more sensitive than grasses to unbalanced N:P supplies. To evaluate the adaptive significance of this plasticity, the effects of unbalanced N:P supply ratio on individual lifetime fitness must be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Susan J. Mazer
- Department of EcologyEvolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jacob Weiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Shuijin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Department of Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
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