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Deng Q, Li M, Yu D, Chen L, Li W, Cai X, Liu H. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the East Asian hemicultrine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae), with suggestions to their generic classification and redescription of the recently described species Hemiculter yungaoi Vasil'eva et al. 2022. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:239-253. [PMID: 38712539 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The hemicultrine fishes are a group of small-sized cyprinids, widely distributed but endemic to East Asian rivers and lakes. Till now, the taxonomic boundaries and relationships within this group remain poorly explored. In the present study, we study the phylogeny of this group, providing suggestions for classification of the hemicultrine group. Using two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, and samples representing all genera, our results showed that the group consists of seven major lineages, of which four (Hemiculterella, Hainania, Pseudolaubuca, and Anabarilius) were monophyletic and three (Hemiculter, Toxabramis, and Pseudohemiculter) were not. Based on the phylogenetic tree, we redefined the genera. We revive the genus Siniichthys, which has three species, Siniichthys bleekeri, Siniichthys lucidus, and S. varpachovskii, that were previously treated as members of the genus Hemiculter but showed distant relationships to the genus Hemiculter in our phylogenetic tree. With the new results, a diagnostic key for clades of the hemicultrine group is provided. Furthermore, we provide more detailed information on diagnostic features of the recently described species Hemiculter yungaoi (Vasil'eva et al., 2022). This work will facilitate future systematic studies, pave the way for evolutionary studies, and provide valuable information for the urgent conservation of hemicultrine fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingwei Cai
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Huanzhang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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2
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Chan JCF, Liew JH, Dudgeon D. High spatial variability in a species-rich assemblage of diadromous fishes in Hong Kong, southern China. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38831621 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
China has experienced substantial coastal reclamation and damming of rivers. These changes have the potential to impact migrations of diadromous fishes between the sea and fresh waters, but the composition of these fishes and the impacts of barriers to their movement in China have received little attention. We inventoried the species composition and distribution of diadromous fishes, and the impacts of barriers on them, in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), southern China. Fish assemblages were surveyed using hand-nets, supplemented by cast-netting and single-pass snorkel surveys, in 24 small coastal streams across three regions. Surveys were undertaken on multiple occasions during the wet and dry seasons to account for the monsoonal tropical climate. Twenty-eight diadromous fishes were collected, mostly gobies, amounting to over half (53%) of the total richness of primary freshwater fishes; four additional species are known from literature records. Diadromous richness was 48% greater during the wet season, when all species were encountered. Richness varied substantially among streams, from a maximum of 17 (2 streams that were diversity hot spots) to none (3 streams). The most widespread diadromous fish was Glossogobius giuris (71% frequency of occurrence), followed by Mugil cephalus (58% occurrence) and Eleotris oxycephala (50% occurrence). The remaining 25 diadromous fishes occurred in fewer than half of the streams; 12 species were confined to a single stream and may be locally threatened. There were conspicuous spatial differences in diadromous assemblages across HKSAR, despite its limited extent (1114 km2), the proximity of the surveyed streams, and the broad geographic distribution of most species. Regional species assemblages were influenced by localized habitat characteristics, with a noticeable distinction between areas with and without large, fast-flowing, and highly oxygenated streams. The presence of in-stream barriers (weirs: 0.3-8.7 m high) did not affect spatial patterns in species assemblages, although, on average, diadromous richness was lower in weir-obstructed streams (4.0 vs. 6.9 species in unobstructed streams). In total, 18 species were confined to unobstructed streams or sections below weirs, whereas the remaining 10 species were recorded both above and below weirs. Only the mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) and a goby (Stiphodon multisquamus) were able to ascend weirs over 2 m. Although at least 400 m of the lower course of each stream was sampled, diadromous fishes were confined to the first 300 m in 12 of the 13 weir-obstructed streams. Remarkably, the tally of 32 diadromous species in HKSAR exceeds the 19 known from mainland China, highlighting the need for further research on composition and conservation status of diadromous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery C F Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Science Unit, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Jia Huan Liew
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David Dudgeon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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Shahraki MZ, Keivany Y, Dorche EE, Blocksom K, Bruder A, Flotemersch J, Bănăduc D. Distribution and Expansion of Alien Fish Species in the Karun River Basin, Iran. FISHES 2023; 8:1-24. [PMID: 38152159 PMCID: PMC10750854 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the distribution of alien fishes in the Karun River Basin, Iran. Fish were collected from 39 sites during the November-December 2018 low-flow period. In total, 39 fish species from nine orders and 14 families were documented. Among these, 10 species were alien to the basin (986 individuals; 15.7%). Four species were the most abundant alien species and primarily in impounded, downstream reaches. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted to identify the extent of changes in alien fish assemblages with environmental parameters. RDA1 and RDA2 accounted for 36.24% and 25.33% of the variation of alien species, respectively. Altitude, depth, electrical conductivity, water temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and river width were the most significant parameters affecting alien species distributions. We present a dual-pathway cause-and-effect hypothesis proposing that alien fish species presence causes declines in the ecological status of native fish communities. We then explore how human-induced aquatic ecosystem degradation creates opportunities for alien species to invade new ecosystems, further impacting native fish communities. Our study contributes insight into the cause and effect of the presence of alien fish species in the Karun River Basin and emphasizes the urgency of conservation measures to protect this critically endangered watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Zare Shahraki
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Yazdan Keivany
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Eisa Ebrahimi Dorche
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Karen Blocksom
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Andreas Bruder
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, via Flora Ruchat Roncati 15, 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Flotemersch
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Doru Bănăduc
- Applied Ecology Research Center, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
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Rolls RJ, Deane DC, Johnson SE, Heino J, Anderson MJ, Ellingsen KE. Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver-response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1388-1423. [PMID: 37072381 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. Biotic differentiation, in turn, is defined as increasing dissimilarity over time. Overall, changes in the spatial dissimilarities among assemblages (termed 'beta diversity') is an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change in the Anthropocene. Empirical evidence of biotic homogenisation and biotic differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta-analyses quantify the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying ecological drivers of such changes. By conceptualising the mechanisms that contribute to decreasing or increasing dissimilarity in the composition of ecological assemblages across space, environmental managers and conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required to sustain biodiversity and can predict potential biodiversity outcomes of future disturbances. We systematically reviewed and synthesised published empirical evidence for ecological drivers of biotic homogenisation and differentiation across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater realms to derive conceptual models that explain changes in spatial beta diversity. We pursued five key themes in our review: (i) temporal environmental change; (ii) disturbance regime; (iii) connectivity alteration and species redistribution; (iv) habitat change; and (v) biotic and trophic interactions. Our first conceptual model highlights how biotic homogenisation and differentiation can occur as a function of changes in local (alpha) diversity or regional (gamma) diversity, independently of species invasions and losses due to changes in species occurrence among assemblages. Second, the direction and magnitude of change in beta diversity depends on the interaction between spatial variation (patchiness) and temporal variation (synchronicity) of disturbance events. Third, in the context of connectivity and species redistribution, divergent beta diversity outcomes occur as different species have different dispersal characteristics, and the magnitude of beta diversity change associated with species invasions also depends strongly on alpha and gamma diversity prior to species invasion. Fourth, beta diversity is positively linked with spatial environmental variability, such that biotic homogenisation and differentiation occur when environmental heterogeneity decreases or increases, respectively. Fifth, species interactions can influence beta diversity via habitat modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, and by altering ecosystem productivity. Our synthesis highlights the multitude of mechanisms that cause assemblages to be more or less spatially similar in composition (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through time. We consider that future studies should aim to enhance our collective understanding of ecological systems by clarifying the underlying mechanisms driving homogenisation or differentiation, rather than focusing only on reporting the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Rolls
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - David C Deane
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Natural Resources Department, Northland College, Ashland, WI, 54891, USA
| | - Jani Heino
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Marti J Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University, Albany Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kari E Ellingsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, Tromsø, 9296, Norway
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Aguiar-Santos J, deHart PAP, Forsberg BR, Freitas CEC. Isotopic niche alteration of a predator fish in a dammed Amazonian black water river. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1530-1539. [PMID: 36196976 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although many upstream effects of a dam on the trophic ecology of fish have been reported, little is known about their downstream effects on the isotopic niche of Amazonian predator fish. The authors used stable isotope analysis of δ13 C and δ15 N to determine the downstream effects of damming of the Uatumã River on the niche width, carbon energy sources and trophic position of peacock bass Cichla temensis comparing with a free-flowing river in the Amazon basin, Brazil, during the peak flood and early falling water period of 2020. They found that the C. temensis population of the undammed river had a smaller niche width than the C. temensis population of the dammed river, despite the greater number of prey trophic levels utilized and the higher trophic position of C. temensis individuals. The results demonstrate that in both rivers there is a gradual shift in the contribution of prey fish sources to the diet of C. temensis throughout its growth, even among adult individuals. They conclude that the isotopic niche of C. temensis was altered by damming during the period of late high water to early low water in the Uatumã River.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter A P deHart
- Office of Graduate Studies, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bruce R Forsberg
- Department of Environmental Conservation, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Montpelier, Vermont, USA
| | - Carlos E C Freitas
- Department of Fishery Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Xie C, Dai B, Wu J, Liu Y, Jiang Z. Initial recovery of fish faunas following the implementation of pen-culture and fishing bans in floodplain lakes along the Yangtze River. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115743. [PMID: 35842994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the decline of natural fish abundance and diversity, a ban on pen-culture and fishing has been imposed on floodplain lakes along the Yangtze River. In order to examine the recovery efficiency of fish faunas, we compared the changes in multidimensional (α and β) diversity in the Shengjin Lake between pen-culture stage (PS) and recovery stage (RS). Our results demonstrated significant variations in fish community composition, with distinct populational restoration in wild species of high trophic level and river-lake migratory species. The higher abundance of wild and migratory species in RS implied the enhanced dispersal and exchange process of fish individuals with the elimination of net pens. Despite significant variations of community composition, the α and β diversity indices exhibited non-significant change between PS and RS. However, our study still revealed the recovery of natural seasonal community dynamics, since there were significant variations of both α and β diversity between high-water (HW) and low-water (LW) seasons in RS. The significant higher α diversity (S, d, H') in HW indicated flooding induced fish supplements in floodplain lakes, due to the well-developed breeding sites, nurseries and refuges provided by floodplain lakes. Meanwhile, the significant lower βSOR and βSIM in HW implied the homogenized communities during flooding seasons, which can be ascribed to better hydrological connectivity of various habitats and more even distribution of fish faunas triggered by flood pulses. The reappearance of natural seasonal variations in multidimensional (α and β) diversity indicate the initial recovery of fish faunas. There is a pressing need for prolonged surveillance to explore the recovery mechanism of fish assemblage. Meanwhile, our results also highlight the importance of conserving the lacustrine connectivity and seasonal flooding for the recovery of fishery resources in the floodplain lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xie
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Bingguo Dai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Yunzhao Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongguan Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-term Scientific Research Base, Dongzhi, 247230, PR China; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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Jafari O, Ebrahimi M, Hedayati SAA, Zeinalabedini M, Poorbagher H, Nasrolahpourmoghadam M, Fernandes JMO. Integration of Morphometrics and Machine Learning Enables Accurate Distinction between Wild and Farmed Common Carp. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070957. [PMID: 35888047 PMCID: PMC9315565 DOI: 10.3390/life12070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Morphology and feature selection are key approaches to address several issues in fisheries science and stock management, such as the hypothesis of admixture of Caspian common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and farmed carp stocks in Iran. The present study was performed to investigate the population classification of common carp in the southern Caspian basin using data mining algorithms to find the most important characteristic(s) differing between Iranian and farmed common carp. A total of 74 individuals were collected from three locations within the southern Caspian basin and from one farm between November 2015 and April 2016. A dataset of 26 traditional morphometric (TMM) attributes and a dataset of 14 geometric landmark points were constructed and then subjected to various machine learning methods. In general, the machine learning methods had a higher prediction rate with TMM datasets. The highest decision tree accuracy of 77% was obtained by rule and decision tree parallel algorithms, and “head height on eye area” was selected as the best marker to distinguish between wild and farmed common carp. Various machine learning algorithms were evaluated, and we found that the linear discriminant was the best method, with 81.1% accuracy. The results obtained from this novel approach indicate that Darwin’s domestication syndrome is observed in common carp. Moreover, they pave the way for automated detection of farmed fish, which will be most beneficial to detect escapees and improve restocking programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Jafari
- International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht 416353464, Iran
- Correspondence: (O.J.); (J.M.O.F.)
| | - Mansour Ebrahimi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, University of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran;
| | - Seyed Ali-Akbar Hedayati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4913815739, Iran;
| | - Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Department of Genomics, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj 3135933151, Iran;
| | - Hadi Poorbagher
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 3158777871, Iran; (H.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Maryam Nasrolahpourmoghadam
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 3158777871, Iran; (H.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Jorge M. O. Fernandes
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway
- Correspondence: (O.J.); (J.M.O.F.)
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Effects of Soil Amelioration and Vegetation Introduction on the Restoration of Abandoned Coal Mine Spoils in South Korea. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to ecologically restore coal mine spoils, tolerant species were selected through vegetation surveys on the abandoned coal mine spoils and natural forests established on the poor environment similarly to there. In addition, tolerant species were selected through cultivation experiments in the laboratory. Many C4 plants were included among the tolerant species selected through cultivation experiments. Soil was ameliorated by applying commercial organic fertilizer that can improve both physical and chemical properties of soil at the same time. Vegetation introduced for restoration was prepared by combining plant species tolerant to the degraded environment of coal mine spoils and the reference information. The treatment with a soil ameliorator improved the chemical properties of soil, such as the pH and nutrient contents, and promoted the growth of sample plants significantly. However, additional improvements were required compared with the chemical properties of healthy forest soil. The sites restored by ameliorating soil and introducing tolerant species showed a more similar species composition to the reference sites compared with the afforested and non-restored sites in both lowland and upland areas. However, such restoration did not play a significant role in increasing species diversity or excluding exotic plants. In this respect, more active restoration is recommended.
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Guo D, Zhou L, Wang G, Lai H, Bi S, Chen X, Zhao X, Liu S, Luo Y, Li G. Use of artificial structures to enhance fish diversity in the Youjiang River, a dammed river of the Pearl River in China. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13439-13450. [PMID: 33304550 PMCID: PMC7713937 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragmentation and homogenization of habitats have seriously affected the fishery resources of the Pearl River. To protect the fishery resources, a novel artificial habitat, constructed using bamboo and palm slices, was deployed in the Youjiang River, a tributary of the Pearl River in China. The results of field and laboratory experiments showed that fish abundance, species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were higher in the artificial habitats than at the control sites. There was no significant impact on fish biomass, as the artificial habitats attracted more Cultrinae and Gobioninae fish that are of a smaller size. Artificial habitats can serve as spawning grounds for fish that produce sticky eggs and refuges that improve the survival rates of juvenile fishes. This study revealed that this novel artificial habitat created suitable habitats and suitable spawning substrate for fish, improved fish richness and diversity in the structureless freshwater ecosystem like the Youjiang River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Improved Variety of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai) Zhuhai China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Gongpei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Improved Variety of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai) Zhuhai China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Han Lai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Improved Variety of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai) Zhuhai China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Sheng Bi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Improved Variety of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai) Zhuhai China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Improved Variety of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai) Zhuhai China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaopin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Improved Variety of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai) Zhuhai China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Improved Variety of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai) Zhuhai China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
| | - Yong Luo
- Fishery, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Tianyang County Baise China
| | - Guifeng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Improved Variety of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai) Zhuhai China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish Guangzhou China
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Castro SA, Rojas P, Vila I, Habit E, Pizarro-Konczak J, Abades S, Jaksic FM. Partitioning β-diversity reveals that invasions and extinctions promote the biotic homogenization of Chilean freshwater fish fauna. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238767. [PMID: 32898173 PMCID: PMC7478641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Exotic species’ introductions together with extinction of native species represent the main mechanisms driving biotic homogenization of freshwater fish assemblages around the world. While generally ichtyofaunistic realms transit towards biotic homogenization, for conservation purposes it is essential to understand what specific mechanisms are promoting it on particular areas or regions. Here, we report the occurrence of biotic homogenization in 29 Chilean watersheds, analyzing its β-diversity (including turnover and nestedness) and predicting future trends. Location Continental Chile (18o–56o S). Methods We determined fish composition per basin for historical and current assemblages; extant native, exotic, and extinct species were recorded as 1 (presence) or 0 (absence) in two matrices basins × species. For each matrix, we calculated the turnover (βsim), nestedness (βnes), and β-diversity (βsor); then, we obtained Δβsim, Δβnes, and Δβsor, as the arithmetical difference between basin pairs over time. In addition, we search for explanatory variables correlating Δβsim, Δβnes, and Δβsor with geographical and land use variables. Finally, simulating events of species introduction (i.e., invasion) and extinction, we generated 15 hypothetical assemblages, looking to establish future trends towards biotic change in Chilean basins. Results Species turnover and β-diversity significantly decreased from historical to current assemblages (Δβsim = -0.084; Δβsor = -0.061, respectively), while the species nestedness did not show significant changes (Δβnes = 0.08). Biotic changes have been driven mainly by the introduction of 28 exotic species, with a minor role of extinctions (one species) and translocations (0 species) of native species. Changes in β-diversity were negatively correlated with area, elevation, and geographical distance between basins but not with land-use nor human population. Finally, the analysis of 15 future assemblages predicts a significant decrease of β-diversity and turnover, and an increase for species nestedness, this time promoted by an increase in the extinction of native species. Main conclusion Chilean basins show a significant decrease of the distributional β-diversity and species turnover of the freshwater fish fauna, evidencing a trend towards biotic homogenization. This trend is shared with other Neotropical basins; however, specific mechanisms driving it show different magnitude. Changes in the β-diversity components do not show correlation with variables associated to land use, thus suggesting that casual introductions of freshwater fishes in Chile follow an opportunistic mode related to commercial use. According to future scenarios simulated, biotic homogenization should increase further, mainly as consequence of increased native extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Castro
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Pablo Rojas
- Laboratorio de Limnología, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irma Vila
- Laboratorio de Limnología, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evelyn Habit
- Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Pizarro-Konczak
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geográfica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Abades
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián M. Jaksic
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zheng X, Tao Y, Wang Z, Ma C, He H, Yin X. Soil macro-fauna respond to environmental variations along a coastal-inland gradient. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9532. [PMID: 32742801 PMCID: PMC7367051 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Varied environmental conditions in coastal-inland zones tend to influence soil faunal communities. However, few studies have focused on the responses of soil fauna to environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient. In order to better understand the aforementioned responses, a total of 80 soil macro-faunal samples were collected at the five different distances from the coastline of China’s Bohai Bay. The results revealed that the compositions, structural characteristics and diversity of the soil macro-fauna varied among the different habitats. With the increases in the distance from the sea, the individual density, richness and diversity levels of the soil macro-fauna all first increased and then decreased. The individual density, richness and diversity values were all at their maximum at 30 km from the sea. The Edge effect promoted unique and rare soil macro-faunal taxa. Formicidae, Curculionidae and Aphodiidae were found to be the edge taxa. Agelenidae, Liocranidae and Nematocera were considered to be indicator taxa of severe sea effects. Paradoxosomatidae was an indicator taxon of slight effects. Overall, the environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient were found to have the potential to affect the soil macro-faunal communities, and the different taxa of the soil macro-fauna responded to those variations in different ways. This study further revealed the processes and mechanisms of the sea influencing the soil macro-faunal communities, which had been caused by the coastal-inland gradient. The results of this study also provided a theoretical basis for developing future biodiversity guidelines for coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chen Ma
- School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xiuqin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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12
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Zeng L, Zhou L, Guo DL, Fu DH, Xu P, Zeng S, Tang QD, Chen AL, Chen FQ, Luo Y, Li GF. Ecological effects of dams, alien fish, and physiochemical environmental factors on homogeneity/heterogeneity of fish community in four tributaries of the Pearl River in China. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3904-3915. [PMID: 28616187 PMCID: PMC5468128 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to characterize the fish community structure and identify the drivers contributing to homogenization/differentiation processes in four tributaries to the Pearl River, Guangxi Province, China, over the past few decades. We sampled 22 sites seasonally from 2013 through 2015, and these sites were selected based on archived records of previous sampling conducted in the 1980s. Jaccard's faunal similarity index, cluster analysis, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were applied to describe the homogenization/differentiation of fish community and illustrate the potential effectors. The number of fish species present in three of the four sampled tributaries declined dramatically over the past 30 years, leading toward a trend of increased fish community homogeneity throughout the watershed. Results from multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses allowed us to divide the study area into two distinct ecoregions. Four species (yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, pond loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and sharpbelly Hemiculter leucisculus) were considered to be indicative fish species contributing more than 5% of the dissimilarity between the two eco-regions according to the results of similarity percentage procedure. Results from CCA revealed that pH and latitude corresponded with the dominant fish species of each respective tributary. More specifically, CCA results allowed us to classify dominant fish species into three distinct groups. The first group was mainly located in Guijiang characterized by higher latitudes and lower pH values, the second group was widespread in the four tributaries, and the last group was primarily distributed in Yujiang, Youjiang, and Zuojiang characterized by lower latitudes and higher pH values. Spatial differentiation of fish community structure and temporal homogeneity of species composition were attributed to the joint actions of human interventions including construction of dams and introductions of exotic fish species that led to habitat degeneration and fragmentation, and unequal interspecies competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zeng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou China.,School of Life Sciences Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,School of Life Sciences Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ding-Li Guo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,School of Life Sciences Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Dong-Hua Fu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,School of Life Sciences Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Peng Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,School of Life Sciences Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shuang Zeng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,School of Life Sciences Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qin-Dong Tang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,School of Life Sciences Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - An-Luo Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,School of Life Sciences Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Fei-Qiao Chen
- College of Life Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Yong Luo
- Fishery, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Tianyang County Baise China
| | - Gui-Feng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,School of Life Sciences Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
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