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Luo Y, Wang Y, Guo F, Kainz MJ, You J, Li F, Gao W, Shen X, Tao J, Zhang Y. Sources and fate of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a highly eutrophic lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172879. [PMID: 38697529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFA) are central to the growth and reproduction of aquatic consumers. Dissolved nutrients in aquatic ecosystems strongly affect algal taxonomic composition and thus the production and transfer of specific ω3-PUFA to consumers at higher trophic levels. However, most studies were conducted in nutrient-poor, oligotrophic lakes, leading to an insufficient understanding of how water nutrients affect algal ω3-PUFA and their trophic transfer in consumers in highly eutrophic lakes. We conducted a field investigation in a highly eutrophic lake and collected basal food sources (phytoplankton, periphyton and macrophytes) and aquatic consumers (invertebrates, zooplankton and fish), and measured their fatty acid (FA) composition. Our results showed that periphyton and phytoplankton were both important sources of ω3-PUFA supporting the highly eutrophic lake food web. High water nutrient levels led to low ω3-PUFA levels in phytoplankton and periphyton, resulting in decreased nutritional quality. Consequently, ω3-PUFA of invertebrates and zooplankton reflected variations in ω3-PUFA of phytoplankton and periphyton, respectively. The ω3-PUFA levels of fish decreased as phytoplankton and periphyton ω3-PUFA decreased. Among fish, the Redfin Culter (Cultrichthys erythropterus) and Bar Cheek Goby (Rhinogobius giurinus) exhibited significantly higher levels of EPA and DHA compared to the Pond Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), which may have been caused by their different feeding modes. Decreases in the ω3-PUFA levels of basal food sources may be one of the causes leading to the reduction of trophic links in aquatic food webs. Our study elucidated the sources and fate of ω3-PUFA in highly eutrophic lakes, complemented previous studies in oligo- and mesotrophic lakes, and emphasized the role of high-quality food sources. Our results offer new perspectives for the conservation and management of highly eutrophic lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo Luo
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fen Guo
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Research Lab of Aquatic Ecosystem Research and -Health, Krems, Austria
| | - Jiaqi You
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feilong Li
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomei Shen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Räike A, Taskinen A, Härkönen LH, Kortelainen P, Lepistö A. Browning from headwaters to coastal areas in the boreal region: Trends and drivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171959. [PMID: 38537816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Browning of freshwaters, mainly caused by increased terrestrial organic carbon loading, has been widely studied during the last decades. However, there are still uncertainties regarding both the extent of browning in different aquatic ecosystems and the actual importance of different driving forces and mechanisms. To refine understanding of the extent and causes of browning and its temporal variation, we gathered a comprehensive dataset including 746 Finnish water quality monitoring stations representing various waterbody types: streams, rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. Monotonic trend analyses revealed that TOC concentrations increased in all waterbody types during the study period from 1990 to 2020, whereas non-linear trends indicated that upward trends in TOC concentrations have substantially decreased since the mid-2000s. However, despite the upward trends levelling off, non-linear analyses also indicated decreases in TOC concentrations at only a few stations. As a result, the TOC contents of the majority of Finnish waterbody types in 2020 were at a higher level than in 1990. To examine the driving forces of increasing TOC concentrations, we selected 100 riverine catchments and linked the detected trends to 24 different drivers, including both hydrometeorological and catchment characteristics. The increased TOC concentrations in surface waters could be connected to diverse human impacts: hydrometeorological variables impacted by climate change, decreased acidic deposition, and land use in terms of peatland drainage. The importance of increased temperatures was emphasized, and its role as a driver of increased leaching of organic carbon in the forthcoming years is expected to grow with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Räike
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Antti Taskinen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura H Härkönen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Kortelainen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahti Lepistö
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Kers E, Leu E, Amundsen PA, Primicerio R, Kainz M, Poste AE. Under ice plankton and lipid dynamics in a subarctic lake. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2024; 46:323-337. [PMID: 38826846 PMCID: PMC11142452 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming causes shorter winters and changes in ice and snow cover in subarctic lakes, highlighting the need to better understand under-ice ecosystem functioning. The plankton community in a subarctic, oligotrophic lake was studied throughout the ice-covered season, focusing on lipid dynamics and life history traits in two actively overwintering copepods, Cyclops scutifer and Eudiaptomus graciloides. Whereas C. scutifer was overwintering in C-IV to C-V stage, E. graciloides reproduced under ice cover. Both species had accumulated lipids prior to ice-on and showed a substantial decrease in total lipid content throughout the ice-covered period: E. graciloides (60%-38% dw) and C. scutifer (73%-33% dw). Polyunsaturated fatty acids of algal origin were highest in E. graciloides and declined strongly in both species. Stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) content in E. graciloides was particularly high and decreased rapidly during the study period by 50%, probably due to reproduction. The copepods differed in feeding behavior, with the omnivore C. scutifer continuing to accumulate lipids until January, whereas the herbivorous E. graciloides accumulated lipids from under-ice primary production during the last months of ice-cover. Our findings emphasize the importance of lipid accumulation and utilization for actively overwintering copepods irrespective of the timing of their reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Kers
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Eva Leu
- Fram Centre, Akvaplan-niva, Hjalmar Johansensgate 14, Tromsø 9007, Norway
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Raul Primicerio
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Martin Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See 3293, Austria
- Research Lab for Aquatic Ecosystem Research and Health, Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, Krems 3500, Austria
| | - Amanda E Poste
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Hjalmar Johansensgate 14, Tromsø 9007, Norway
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McLaskey AK, Forster I, Hunt BPV. Distinct trophic ecologies of zooplankton size classes are maintained throughout the seasonal cycle. Oecologia 2024; 204:227-239. [PMID: 38219265 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Marine food webs are strongly size-structured and size-based analysis of communities is a useful approach to evaluate food webs in a way that can be compared across systems. Fatty acid analysis is commonly used to identify diet sources of species, offering a powerful complement to stable isotopes, but is rarely applied to size-structured communities. In this study, we used fatty acids and stable isotopes to characterize size-based variation in prey resources and trophic pathways over a nine-month temperate coastal ocean time series of seven plankton size classes, from > 0.7-μm particulate organic matter through > 2000-μm zooplankton. Zooplankton size classes were generally distinguishable by their dietary fatty acids, while stable isotopes revealed more seasonal variability. Fatty acids of zooplankton were correlated with those of their prey (particulate organic matter and smaller zooplankton) and identified trophic pathways, including widespread ties to the microbial food web. Diatom fatty acids also contributed to zooplankton but fall blooms were more important than spring. Concurrent isotope-based trophic position estimates and fatty acid markers of carnivory showed that some indicators (18:1ω9/18:1ω7) are not consistent across size classes, while others (DHA:EPA) are relatively reliable. Both analysis methods provided distinct information to build a more robust understanding of resource use. For example, fatty acid markers showed that trophic position was likely underestimated in 250-μm zooplankton, probably due to their consumption of protists with low isotopic fractionation factors. Applying fatty acid analysis to a size-structured framework provides more insight into trophic pathways than isotopes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K McLaskey
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Hakai Institute, Campbell River, BC, Canada.
| | - Ian Forster
- Pacific Science Enterprise Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian P V Hunt
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Hakai Institute, Campbell River, BC, Canada
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Rigaud C, Kahilainen KK, Calderini ML, Pilecky M, Kainz MJ, Tiirola M, Taipale SJ. Preparing for the future offspring: European perch (Perca fluviatilis) biosynthesis of physiologically required fatty acids for the gonads happens already in the autumn. Oecologia 2023; 203:477-489. [PMID: 37975885 PMCID: PMC10684423 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are critical for reproduction and thermal adaptation. Year-round variability in the expression of fads2 (fatty acid desaturase 2) in the liver of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a boreal lake was tested in relation to individual variation in size, sex, and maturity, together with stable isotopes values as well as fatty acids (FA) content in different tissues and prey items. ARA and DHA primary production was restricted to the summer months, however, perch required larger amounts of these PUFA during winter, as their ARA and DHA muscle content was higher compared to summer. The expression of fads2 in perch liver increased during winter and was higher in mature females. Mature females stored DHA in their gonads already in late summer and autumn, long before the upcoming spring spawning period in May. Lower δ13CDHA values in the gonads in September suggest that these females actively synthesized DHA as part of this reproductive investment. Lower δ13CARA values in the liver of all individuals during winter suggest that perch were synthesizing essential FA to help cope with over-wintering conditions. Perch seem able to modulate its biosynthesis of physiologically required PUFA in situations of stress (fasting or cold temperatures) or in situations of high energetic demand (gonadal development). Biosynthesis of physiologically required PUFA may be an important part of survival and reproduction in aquatic food webs with long cold periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | - Marco L Calderini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz-Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Studies, Lunz am See, Austria
- Danube University Krems, Research Lab of Aquatic Ecosystem Research and Health, Krems, Austria
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz-Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Studies, Lunz am See, Austria
- Danube University Krems, Research Lab of Aquatic Ecosystem Research and Health, Krems, Austria
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami J Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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6
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Vogels JJ, Van de Waal DB, WallisDeVries MF, Van den Burg AB, Nijssen M, Bobbink R, Berg MP, Olde Venterink H, Siepel H. Towards a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of nitrogen deposition on producer-consumer interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1712-1731. [PMID: 37265074 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased substantially since the second half of the 20th century due to human activities. This increase of reactive N into the biosphere has major implications for ecosystem functioning, including primary production, soil and water chemistry and producer community structure and diversity. Increased N deposition is also linked to the decline of insects observed over recent decades. However, we currently lack a mechanistic understanding of the effects of high N deposition on individual fitness, species richness and community structure of both invertebrate and vertebrate consumers. Here, we review the effects of N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, focusing on five existing ecological frameworks: C:N:P ecological stoichiometry, trace element ecological stoichiometry, nutritional geometry, essential micronutrients and allelochemicals. We link reported N deposition-mediated changes in producer quality to life-history strategies and traits of consumers, to gain a mechanistic understanding of the direction of response in consumers. We conclude that high N deposition influences producer quality via eutrophication and acidification pathways. This makes oligotrophic poorly buffered ecosystems most vulnerable to significant changes in producer quality. Changes in producer quality between the reviewed frameworks are often interlinked, complicating predictions of the effects of high N deposition on producer quality. The degree and direction of fitness responses of consumers to changes in producer quality varies among species but can be explained by differences in life-history traits and strategies, particularly those affecting species nutrient intake regulation, mobility, relative growth rate, host-plant specialisation, ontogeny and physiology. To increase our understanding of the effects of N deposition on these complex mechanisms, the inclusion of life-history traits of consumer species in future study designs is pivotal. Based on the reviewed literature, we formulate five hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying the effects of high N deposition on consumers, by linking effects of nutritional ecological frameworks to life-history strategies. Importantly, we expect that N-deposition-mediated changes in producer quality will result in a net decrease in consumer community as well as functional diversity. Moreover, we anticipate an increased risk of outbreak events of a small subset of generalist species, with concomitant declines in a multitude of specialist species. Overall, linking ecological frameworks with consumer life-history strategies provides a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of high N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, which can inform management towards more effective mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost J Vogels
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F WallisDeVries
- De Vlinderstichting / Dutch Butterfly Conservation, P.O. Box 6700 AM, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marijn Nijssen
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Bobbink
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Berg
- A-LIFE, Section Ecology & Evolution, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GELIFES, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Medo A, Ohte N, Kajitani H, Nose T, Manabe Y, Sugawara T, Onishi Y, Goto AS, Koba K, Arai N, Mitsunaga Y, Kume M, Nishizawa H, Kojima D, Yokoyama A, Yamanaka T, Viputhanumas T, Mitamura H. Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) exploit food sources across anaerobic decomposition- and primary photosynthetic production-based food chains. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13992. [PMID: 37634023 PMCID: PMC10460403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary information from aquatic organisms is instrumental in predicting biological interactions and understanding ecosystem functionality. In freshwater habitats, generalist fish species can access a diverse array of food sources from multiple food chains. These may include primary photosynthetic production and detritus derived from both oxic and anoxic decomposition. However, the exploitation of anoxic decomposition products by fish remains insufficiently explored. This study examines feeding habits of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) at both adult and juvenile stages within a tropical reservoir, using stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S, respectively) and fatty acid (FA) analyses. The adult catfish exhibited higher δ15N values compared to primary consumers that feed on primary photosynthetic producers, which suggests ingestion of food sources originating from primary photosynthetic production-based food chains. On the other hand, juvenile catfish demonstrated lower δ15N values than primary consumers, correlating with low δ34S value and large proportions of bacterial FA but contained small proportions of polyunsaturated FA. This implies that juveniles utilize food sources from both anoxic decomposition and primary photosynthetic production-based food chains. Our results indicate that food chains based on anoxic decomposition can indeed contribute to the dietary sources of tropical fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Medo
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobuhito Ohte
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kajitani
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nose
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Onishi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8047, Japan
| | - Akiko S Goto
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Arai
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasushi Mitsunaga
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Manabu Kume
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamanaka
- Department of Ocean and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Thavee Viputhanumas
- Inland Aquaculture Research and Development Division, Department of Fisheries, 50 Phahonyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Hiromichi Mitamura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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8
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Erratt KJ, Creed IF, Favot EJ, Smol JP, Vinebrooke RD, Lobb DA, Trick CG. Reconstructing historical time-series of cyanobacteria in lake sediments: Integrating technological innovation to enhance cyanobacterial management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 343:118162. [PMID: 37224685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The global rise of cyanobacterial blooms emphasizes the need to develop tools to manage water bodies prone to cyanobacterial dominance. Reconstructing cyanobacterial baselines and identifying environmental drivers that favour cyanobacterial dominance are important to guide management decisions. Conventional techniques for estimating cyanobacteria in lake sediments require considerable resources, creating a barrier to routine reconstructions of cyanobacterial time-series. Here, we compare a relatively simple technique based on spectral inferences of cyanobacteria using visible near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) with a molecular technique based on real-time PCR quantification (qPCR) of the 16S rRNA gene conserved in cyanobacteria in 30 lakes across a broad geographic gradient. We examined the sedimentary record from two perspectives: 1) relationships throughout the entire core (without radiometric dating); 2) relationships post-1900s with the aid of radiometric dating (i.e., 210Pb). Our findings suggest that the VNIRS-based cyanobacteria technique is best suited for reconstructing cyanobacterial abundance in recent decades (i.e., circa 1990 onwards). The VNIRS-based cyanobacteria technique showed agreement with those generated using qPCR, with 23 (76%) lakes showing a strong or very strong positive relationship between the results of the two techniques. However, five (17%) lakes showed negligible relationships, suggesting cyanobacteria VNIRS requires further refinement to understand where VNIRS is unsuitable. This knowledge will help scientists and lake managers select alternative cyanobacterial diagnostics where appropriate. These findings demonstrate the utility of VNIRS, in most instances, as a valuable tool for reconstructing past cyanobacterial prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Erratt
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Irena F Creed
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth J Favot
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Rolf D Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - David A Lobb
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Charles G Trick
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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9
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Keva O, Kiljunen M, Hämäläinen H, Jones RI, Kahilainen KK, Kankaala P, Laine MB, Schilder J, Strandberg U, Vesterinen J, Taipale SJ. Allochthony, fatty acid and mercury trends in muscle of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) along boreal environmental gradients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155982. [PMID: 35588838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change, including joint effects of increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total phosphorus (TP) in boreal northern lakes may affect food web energy sources and the biochemical composition of organisms. These environmental stressors are enhanced by anthropogenic land-use and can decrease the quality of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in seston and zooplankton, and therefore, possibly cascading up to fish. In contrast, the content of mercury in fish increases with lake browning potentially amplified by intensive forestry practises. However, there is little evidence on how these environmental stressors simultaneously impact beneficial omega-3 fatty acid (n3-FA) and total mercury (THg) content of fish muscle for human consumption. A space-for-time substitution study was conducted to assess whether environmental stressors affect Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) allochthony and muscle nutritional quality [PUFA, THg, and their derivative, the hazard quotient (HQ)]. Perch samples were collected from 31 Finnish lakes along pronounced lake size (0.03-107.5 km2), DOC (5.0-24.3 mg L-1), TP (5-118 μg L-1) and land-use gradients (forest: 50.7-96.4%, agriculture: 0-32.6%). These environmental gradients were combined using principal component analysis (PCA). Allochthony for individual perch was modelled using source and consumer δ2H values. Perch allochthony increased with decreasing lake pH and increasing forest coverage (PC1), but no correlation between lake DOC and perch allochthony was found. Perch muscle THg and omega-6 fatty acid (n6-FA) content increased with PC1 parallel with allochthony. Perch muscle DHA (22:6n3) content decreased, and ALA (18:3n3) increased towards shallower murkier lakes (PC2). Perch allochthony was positively correlated with muscle THg and n6-FA content, but did not correlate with n3-FA content. Hence, the quality of perch muscle for human consumption decreases (increase in HQ) with increasing forest coverage and decreasing pH, potentially mediated by increasing fish allochthony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossi Keva
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Mikko Kiljunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Hämäläinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Roger I Jones
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Paula Kankaala
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Miikka B Laine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jos Schilder
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ursula Strandberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jussi Vesterinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland; Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa, Lohja, Finland
| | - Sami J Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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10
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Taipale SJ, Pulkkinen K, Keva O, Kainz MJ, Nykänen H. Lowered nutritional quality of prey decrease the growth and biomolecule content of rainbow trout fry. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110767. [PMID: 35618185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Diet quality is crucial for the development of offspring. Here, we examined how the nutritional quality of prey affects somatic growth and the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, amino acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry using a three-trophic-level experimental setup. Diets differed especially in their content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are physiologically essential polyunsaturated fatty acids for a fish fry. Trout were fed with an artificial diet (fish feed, DHA-rich), marine zooplankton diet (krill/Mysis, DHA-rich), or freshwater zooplankton diet (Daphnia, Cladocera, DHA-deficient). The Daphnia were grown either on a poor, intermediate, or high-quality algal/microbial diet simulating potential changes in the nutritional prey quality (EPA-content). Trout fed with the fish feed or marine zooplankton entirely replaced their muscle tissue composition with compounds of dietary origin. In contrast, fish tissue renewal was only partial in fish fed any Daphnia diet. Furthermore, fish grew five times faster on marine zooplankton than on any of the Daphnia diets. This was mainly explained by the higher dietary contents of arachidonic acid (ARA), EPA, and DHA, but also by the higher content of some amino acids in the marine zooplankton than in the Daphnia diets. Moreover, fatty acid-specific carbon isotopes revealed that trout fry could not biosynthesize ARA, EPA, or DHA efficiently from their precursors. Our results suggest that changes in the zooplankton and macroinvertebrate communities' structure in freshwater habitats from DHA-rich to DHA-poor species may reduce the somatic growth of fish fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami J Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Katja Pulkkinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. https://twitter.com/Pulkkinen_K
| | - Ossi Keva
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster - Biologische Station Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Department of Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, A-3500 Krems, Austria. https://twitter.com/kainz_lab
| | - Hannu Nykänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Biogeochemistry Research Group, University of Eastern Finland, Finland. https://twitter.com/NykanenHannu
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11
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Guo F, Ebm N, Fry B, Bunn SE, Brett MT, Ouyang X, Hager H, Kainz MJ. Basal resources of river food webs largely affect the fatty acid composition of freshwater fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152450. [PMID: 34942260 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Nadine Ebm
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Lunz am See, Austria; Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, A-1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Brian Fry
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - Stuart E Bunn
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - Michael T Brett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Ouyang
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hannes Hager
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Lunz am See, Austria
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12
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Taipale SJ, Ventelä A, Litmanen J, Anttila L. Poor nutritional quality of primary producers and zooplankton driven by eutrophication is mitigated at upper trophic levels. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8687. [PMID: 35342549 PMCID: PMC8928886 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication and rising water temperature in freshwaters may increase the total production of a lake while simultaneously reducing the nutritional quality of food web components. We evaluated how cyanobacteria blooms, driven by agricultural eutrophication (in eutrophic Lake Köyliöjärvi) or global warming (in mesotrophic Lake Pyhäjärvi), influence the biomass and structure of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish communities. In terms of the nutritional value of food web components, we evaluated changes in the ω‐3 and ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of phytoplankton and consumers at different trophic levels. Meanwhile, the lakes did not differ in their biomasses of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish communities, lake trophic status greatly influenced the community structures. The eutrophic lake, with agricultural eutrophication, had cyanobacteria bloom throughout the summer months whereas cyanobacteria were abundant only occasionally in the mesotrophic lake, mainly in early summer. Phytoplankton community differences at genus level resulted in higher arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of seston in the mesotrophic than in the eutrophic lake. This was also reflected in the EPA and DHA content of herbivorous zooplankton (Daphnia and Bosmina) despite more efficient trophic retention of these biomolecules in a eutrophic lake than in the mesotrophic lake zooplankton. Planktivorous juvenile fish (perch and roach) in a eutrophic lake overcame the lower availability of DHA in their prey by more efficient trophic retention and biosynthesis from the precursors. However, the most efficient trophic retention of DHA was found with benthivorous perch which prey contained only a low amount of DHA. Long‐term cyanobacterial blooming decreased the nutritional quality of piscivorous perch; however, the difference was much less than previously anticipated. Our result shows that long‐term cyanobacteria blooming impacts the structure of plankton and fish communities and lowers the nutritional quality of seston and zooplankton, which, however, is mitigated at upper trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Johan Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | | | - Jaakko Litmanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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13
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Seasonal variability of invertebrate prey diet and selectivity of the dominant forage fishes in Lake Huron. FOOD WEBS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Huss M, van Dorst RM, Gårdmark A. Larval fish body growth responses to simultaneous browning and warming. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15132-15140. [PMID: 34765165 PMCID: PMC8571572 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms are facing global climate change and other anthropogenic pressures, but most research on responses to such changes only considers effects of single drivers. Observational studies and physiological experiments suggest temperature increases will lead to faster growth of small fish. Whether this effect of warming holds in more natural food web settings with concurrent changes in other drivers, such as darkening water color ("browning") is, however, unknown. Here, we set up a pelagic mesocosm experiment with large bags in the Baltic Sea archipelago, inoculated with larval Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and zooplankton prey and varying in temperature and color, to answer the question how simultaneous warming and browning of coastal food webs impact body growth and survival of larval perch. We found that browning decreased body growth and survival of larval perch, whereas warming increased body growth but had no effect on survival. Based on daily fish body growth estimates based on otolith microstructure analysis, and size composition and abundance of available prey, we explain how these results may come about through a combination of physiological responses to warming and lower foraging efficiency in brown waters. We conclude that larval fish responses to climate change thus may depend on the relative rate and extent of both warming and browning, as they may even cancel each other out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Huss
- Department of Aquatic ResourcesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesÖregrundSweden
| | - Renee M. van Dorst
- Department of Aquatic ResourcesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesÖregrundSweden
- Department of Biology and Ecology of FishesLeibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesBerlinGermany
| | - Anna Gårdmark
- Department of Aquatic ResourcesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesÖregrundSweden
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15
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Zeitler EF, Cecala KK, McGrath DA. Carryover effects minimized the positive effects of treated wastewater on anuran development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112571. [PMID: 33866133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a potential solution for wastewater treatment due to their capacity to support native species and provide tertiary wastewater treatment. However, CWs can expose wildlife communities to excess nutrients and harmful contaminants, affecting their development, morphology, and behavior. To examine how wastewater CWs may affect wildlife, we raised Southern leopard frogs, Lithobates sphenocephalus, in wastewater from conventional secondary lagoon and tertiary CW treatments for comparison with pondwater along with the presence and absence of a common plant invader to these systems - common duckweed (Lemna minor) - and monitored their juvenile development for potential carryover effects into the terrestrial environment. The tertiary CW treatment did not change demographic or morphological outcomes relative to conventional wastewater treatment in our study. Individuals emerging from both wastewater treatments demonstrated lower terrestrial survival rates than those emerging from pondwater throughout the experiment though experiment-wide survival rates were equivalent among treatments. Individuals from wastewater treatments transformed at larger sizes relative to those in pondwater, but this advantage was minimized in the terrestrial environment. Individuals that developed with duckweed had consistent but marginally better performance in both environments. Our results suggest a potential trade-off between short-term benefits of development in treated effluent and long-term consequences on overall fitness. Overall, we demonstrate that CWs for the purpose of wastewater treatment may not be suitable replicates for wildlife habitat and could have consequences for local population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma F Zeitler
- Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN, 37383, USA
| | - Kristen K Cecala
- Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN, 37383, USA.
| | - Deborah A McGrath
- Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN, 37383, USA
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16
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Závorka L, Crespel A, Dawson NJ, Papatheodoulou M, Killen SS, Kainz MJ. Climate change‐induced deprivation of dietary essential fatty acids can reduce growth and mitochondrial efficiency of wild juvenile salmon. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz – Inter‐University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research Lunz am See Austria
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine Graham Kerr Building College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Amelie Crespel
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine Graham Kerr Building College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Neal J. Dawson
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine Graham Kerr Building College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Magdalene Papatheodoulou
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine Graham Kerr Building College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine Graham Kerr Building College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Martin J. Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz – Inter‐University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research Lunz am See Austria
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17
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Selective Fatty Acid Retention and Turnover in the Freshwater Amphipod Pallaseopsis quadrispinosa. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030478. [PMID: 33806910 PMCID: PMC8004994 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammarid amphipods are a crucial link connecting primary producers with secondary consumers, but little is known about their nutritional ecology. Here we asked how starvation and subsequent feeding on different nutritional quality algae influences fatty acid retention, compound-specific isotopic carbon fractionation, and biosynthesis of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the relict gammarid amphipod Pallaseopsis quadrispinosa. The fatty acid profiles of P. quadrispinosa closely matched with those of the dietary green algae after only seven days of refeeding, whereas fatty acid patterns of P. quadrispinosa were less consistent with those of the diatom diet. This was mainly due to P. quadrispinosa suffering energy limitation in the diatom treatment which initiated the metabolization of 16:1ω7 and partly 18:1ω9 for energy, but retained high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) similar to those found in wild-caught organisms. Moreover, α-linolenic acid (ALA) from green algae was mainly stored and not allocated to membranes at high levels nor biosynthesized to EPA. The arachidonic acid (ARA) content in membrane was much lower than EPA and P. quadrispinosa was able to biosynthesize long-chain ω-6 PUFA from linoleic acid (LA). Our experiment revealed that diet quality has a great impact on fatty acid biosynthesis, retention and turnover in this consumer.
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18
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Di Carvalho JA, Wickham SA. Does spatiotemporal nutrient variation allow more species to coexist? Oecologia 2020; 194:695-707. [PMID: 33099656 PMCID: PMC7683490 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Temporal heterogeneity in nutrient availability is known to increase phytoplankton diversity by allowing more species to coexist under different resource niches. Spatial heterogeneity has also been positively correlated with species diversity. Here we investigated how temporal and spatial differences in nutrient addition together impact biodiversity in metacommunities varying in the degree of connectivity among the patches. We used a microcosm experimental design to test two spatiotemporal ways of supplying nutrients: synchronously (nutrients were added regionally-to all four patches at the same time) and asynchronously (nutrients were added locally-to a different patch each time), combined with two different degrees of connectivity among the patches (low or high connectivity). We used three species of algae and one species of cyanobacteria as the primary producers; and five ciliate and two rotifer species as the grazers. We expected higher diversity in metacommunities receiving an asynchronous nutrient supply, assuming stronger development of heterogeneous patches with this condition rather than with synchronous nutrient supply. This result was expected, however, to be dependent on the degree of connectivity among patches. We found significant effects of nutrient addition in both groups of organisms. Phytoplankton diversity increased until the fourth week (transiently) and zooplankton richness was persistently higher under asynchronous nutrient addition. Our results were consistent with our hypothesis that asynchronicity in nutrient supply would create a more favorable condition for species to co-occur. However, this effect was, in part, transient and was not influenced by the degree of connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Antonucci Di Carvalho
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Stephen A Wickham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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19
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Twining CW, Taipale SJ, Ruess L, Bec A, Martin-Creuzburg D, Kainz MJ. Stable isotopes of fatty acids: current and future perspectives for advancing trophic ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190641. [PMID: 32536315 PMCID: PMC7333957 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand consumer dietary requirements and resource use across ecosystems, researchers have employed a variety of methods, including bulk stable isotope and fatty acid composition analyses. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids combines both of these tools into an even more powerful method with the capacity to broaden our understanding of food web ecology and nutritional dynamics. Here, we provide an overview of the potential that CSIA studies hold and their constraints. We first review the use of fatty acid CSIA in ecology at the natural abundance level as well as enriched physiological tracers, and highlight the unique insights that CSIA of fatty acids can provide. Next, we evaluate methodological best practices when generating and interpreting CSIA data. We then introduce three cutting-edge methods: hydrogen CSIA of fatty acids, and fatty acid isotopomer and isotopologue analyses, which are not yet widely used in ecological studies, but hold the potential to address some of the limitations of current techniques. Finally, we address future priorities in the field of CSIA including: generating more data across a wider range of taxa; lowering costs and increasing laboratory availability; working across disciplinary and methodological boundaries; and combining approaches to answer macroevolutionary questions. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia W. Twining
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Sami J. Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Liliane Ruess
- Institute of Biology, Ecology Group, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandre Bec
- University Clermont Auvergne, 63178 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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20
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Strandberg U, Hiltunen M, Rissanen N, Taipale S, Akkanen J, Kankaala P. Increasing concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in browning boreal lakes is driven by nuisance alga
Gonyostomum. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Strandberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
| | - Minna Hiltunen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Ninni Rissanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
| | - Sami Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
| | - Paula Kankaala
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
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21
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Litmanen JJ, Perälä TA, Taipale SJ. Comparison of Bayesian and numerical optimization-based diet estimation on herbivorous zooplankton. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190651. [PMID: 32536310 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer diet estimation with biotracer-based mixing models provides valuable information about trophic interactions and the dynamics of complex ecosystems. Here, we assessed the performance of four Bayesian and three numerical optimization-based diet estimation methods for estimating the diet composition of herbivorous zooplankton using consumer fatty acid (FA) profiles and resource library consisting of the results of homogeneous diet feeding experiments. The method performance was evaluated in terms of absolute errors, central probability interval checks, the success in identifying the primary resource in the diet, and the ability to detect the absence of resources in the diet. Despite occasional large inconsistencies, all the methods were able to identify the primary resource most of the time. The numerical optimization method QFASA using χ2(QFASA-CS) or Kullback--Leibler (QFASA-KL) distance measures had the smallest absolute errors, most frequently found the primary resource, and adequately detected the absence of resources. While the Bayesian methods usually performed well, some of the methods produced ambiguous results and some had much longer computing times than QFASA. Therefore, we recommend using QFASA-CS or QFASA-KL. Our systematic tests showed that FA models can be used to accurately estimate complex dietary mixtures in herbivorous zooplankton. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko J Litmanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi A Perälä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami J Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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22
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Variation in ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Produced by Different Phytoplankton Taxa at Early and Late Growth Phase. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040559. [PMID: 32268552 PMCID: PMC7226532 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton synthesizes essential ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for consumers in the aquatic food webs. Only certain phytoplankton taxa can synthesize eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3), whereas all phytoplankton taxa can synthesize shorter-chain ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA. Here, we experimentally studied how the proportion, concentration (per DW and cell-specific), and production (µg FA L−1 day−1) of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA varied among six different phytoplankton main groups (16 freshwater strains) and between exponential and stationary growth phase. EPA and DHA concentrations, as dry weight, were similar among cryptophytes and diatoms. However, Cryptomonas erosa had two–27 times higher EPA and DHA content per cell than the other tested cryptophytes, diatoms, or golden algae. The growth was fastest with diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria, resulting in high production of medium chain ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA. Even though the dinoflagellate Peridinium cinctum grew slowly, the content of EPA and DHA per cell was high, resulting in a three- and 40-times higher production rate of EPA and DHA than in cryptophytes or diatoms. However, the production of EPA and DHA was 40 and three times higher in cryptophytes and diatoms than in golden algae (chrysophytes and synyrophytes), respectively. Our results show that phytoplankton taxon explains 56–84% and growth phase explains ~1% of variation in the cell-specific concentration and production of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA, supporting understanding that certain phytoplankton taxa play major roles in the synthesis of essential fatty acids. Based on the average proportion of PUFA of dry weight during growth, we extrapolated the seasonal availability of PUFA during phytoplankton succession in a clear water lake. This extrapolation demonstrated notable seasonal and interannual variation, the availability of EPA and DHA being prominent in early and late summer, when dinoflagellates or diatoms increased.
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Karlson AML, Gorokhova E, Gårdmark A, Pekcan-Hekim Z, Casini M, Albertsson J, Sundelin B, Karlsson O, Bergström L. Linking consumer physiological status to food-web structure and prey food value in the Baltic Sea. AMBIO 2020; 49:391-406. [PMID: 31168701 PMCID: PMC6965491 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Declining physiological status in marine top consumers has been observed worldwide. We investigate changes in the physiological status and population/community traits of six consumer species/groups in the Baltic Sea (1993-2014), spanning four trophic levels and using metrics currently operational or proposed as indicators of food-web status. We ask whether the physiological status of consumers can be explained by food-web structure and prey food value. This was tested using partial least square regressions with status metrics for gray seal, cod, herring, sprat and the benthic predatory isopod Saduria as response variables, and abundance and food value of their prey, abundance of competitors and predators as predictors. We find evidence that the physiological status of cod, herring and sprat is influenced by competition, predation, and prey availability; herring and sprat status also by prey size. Our study highlights the need for management approaches that account for species interactions across multiple trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes M. L. Karlson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 21 A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Gårdmark
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Zeynep Pekcan-Hekim
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Michele Casini
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Jan Albertsson
- Umeå Marine Science Centre, Umeå University, Norrbyn 557, 905 71 Hörnefors, Sweden
| | - Brita Sundelin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Karlsson
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Bergström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
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Peltomaa ET, Taipale S. Osmotrophic glucose and leucine assimilation and its impact on EPA and DHA content in algae. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8363. [PMID: 31915592 PMCID: PMC6944096 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of dissolved organic compounds, that is, osmotrophy, has been shown to be an efficient nutritional strategy for algae. However, this mode of nutrition may affect the biochemical composition, for example, the fatty acid (FA) contents, of algal cells. This study focused on the osmotrophic assimilation of glucose and leucine by selected seven algal strains belonging to chlorophytes, chrysophytes, cryptophytes, dinoflagellates and euglenoids. Our laboratory experiments with stable isotope labeling showed that osmotrophy occurred in four of the selected seven strains. However, only three of these produced long chain omega-3 FAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3). High glucose content (5 mg L-1) affected negatively on the total FAs of Mallomonas kalinae and the total omega-3 FAs of Cryptomonas sp. Further, glucose assimilation explained 35% (negative effect) and leucine assimilation 48% (positive effect) of the variation of EPA, DHA and the FAs related to their synthesis in Cryptomonas sp. Moderate glucose concentration (2 mg L-1) was found to enhance the growth of Cryptomonas ozolinii, whereas low leucine (20 µg L-1) enhanced the growth of M. kalinae. However, no systematic effect of osmotrophy on growth rates was detected. Our study shows that osmotrophic assimilation of algae is species and compound specific, and that the effects of the assimilated compounds on algal metabolism also varies depending on the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina T. Peltomaa
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Lammi, Finland
| | - Sami Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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25
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Bownik A, Pawlik-Skowrońska B. Early indicators of behavioral and physiological disturbances in Daphnia magna (Cladocera) induced by cyanobacterial neurotoxin anatoxin-a. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133913. [PMID: 31756843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The majority of reports on the toxic effect of cyanobacterial metabolites on the freshwater invertebrates is based on determination of two endpoints: mortality or immobilization. However, detection of sub-lethal effects requires more sensitive indicators The aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of digital-video analysis for determination of early behavioral and physiological responses in the assessment of effects caused by the cyanobacterial neurotoxin, anatoxin-a (ANTX) at a broad range of its concentration (0.5-50 μg/mL). Swimming speed (SS), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (OC), thoracic limb activity (TLA) and abdominal claw movement (ACM) of Daphnia magna were evaluated. Swimming speed and abdominal claw movements were determined by digital analysis of video clips by Tracker® software; OC by Oxygraph Plus System® while HR, TLA and ACM by digital frame-by-frame analysis of video clips of microscopic view with the use of a media player software. The experimental study showed a concentration- and time-dependent decrease of SS, HR, OC, TLA and ACM. SS was inhibited as early as after 10 s of the exposure of Daphnia magna to ANTX, and the other physiological responses after 2 h. Further inhibition of these parameters was also noted after 24 h of the exposure. On the other hand, stimulation of ACM was noted at the lower (0.5 and 2.5 μg/mL) ANTX concentrations after both 2 h and 24 h of exposure. The results indicated that some behavioral and physiological biomarkers measured by video analysis may be a valuable tool for an early determination of toxic effects induced by cyanobacterial metabolites in zooplankters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
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26
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Taipale SJ, Vuorio K, Aalto SL, Peltomaa E, Tiirola M. Eutrophication reduces the nutritional value of phytoplankton in boreal lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108836. [PMID: 31708172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication (as an increase in total phosphorus [TP]) increases harmful algal blooms and reduces the proportion of high-quality phytoplankton in seston and the content of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) in fish. However, it is not well-known how eutrophication affects the overall nutritional value of phytoplankton. Therefore, we studied the impact of eutrophication on the production (as concentration; μg L-1) and content (μg mg C-1) of amino acids, EPA, DHA, and sterols, i.e., the nutritional value of phytoplankton in 107 boreal lakes. The lakes were categorized in seven TP concentration categories ranging from ultra-oligotrophic (<5 μg L-1) to highly eutrophic (>50 μg L-1). Phytoplankton total biomass increased with TP as expected, but in contrast to previous studies, the contribution of high-quality phytoplankton did not decrease with TP. However, the high variation reflected instability in the phytoplankton community structure in eutrophic lakes. We found that the concentration of amino acids increased in the epilimnion whereas the concentration of sterols decreased with increasing TP. In terms of phytoplankton nutritional value, amino acids, EPA, DHA, and sterols showed a significant quadratic relationship with the lake trophic status. More specifically, the amino acid contents were the same in the oligo- and mesotrophic lakes, but substantially lower in the eutrophic lakes (TP > 35 μg L-1/1.13 μmol L-1). The highest EPA and DHA content in phytoplankton was found in the mesotrophic lakes, whereas the sterol content was highest in the oligotrophic lakes. Based on these results, the nutritional value of phytoplankton reduces with eutrophication, although the contribution of high-quality algae does not decrease. Therefore, the results emphasize that eutrophication, as excess TP, reduces the nutritional value of phytoplankton, which may have a significant impact on the nutritional value of zooplankton, fish, and other aquatic animals at higher food web levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami J Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Kristiina Vuorio
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sanni L Aalto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Elina Peltomaa
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti, FI-15140, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Meyer-Jacob C, Michelutti N, Paterson AM, Cumming BF, Keller WB, Smol JP. The browning and re-browning of lakes: Divergent lake-water organic carbon trends linked to acid deposition and climate change. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16676. [PMID: 31723150 PMCID: PMC6853936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and water colour are increasing in many inland waters across northern Europe and northeastern North America. This inland-water “browning” has profound physical, chemical and biological repercussions for aquatic ecosystems affecting water quality, biological community structures and aquatic productivity. Potential drivers of this “browning” trend are complex and include reductions in atmospheric acid deposition, changes in land use/cover, increased nitrogen deposition and climate change. However, because of the overlapping impacts of these stressors, their relative contributions to DOC dynamics remain unclear, and without appropriate long-term monitoring data, it has not been possible to determine whether the ongoing “browning” is unprecedented or simply a “re-browning” to pre-industrial DOC levels. Here, we demonstrate the long-term impacts of acid deposition and climate change on lake-water DOC concentrations in low and high acid-deposition areas using infrared spectroscopic techniques on ~200-year-long lake-sediment records from central Canada. We show that acid deposition suppressed naturally higher DOC concentrations during the 20th century, but that a “re-browning” of lakes is now occurring with emissions reductions in formerly high deposition areas. In contrast, in low deposition areas, climate change is forcing lakes towards new ecological states, as lake-water DOC concentrations now often exceed pre-industrial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Meyer-Jacob
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3J9, Canada. .,Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Neal Michelutti
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3J9, Canada
| | - Andrew M Paterson
- Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Dorset, ON, P0A 1E0, Canada
| | - Brian F Cumming
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3J9, Canada
| | - Wendel Bill Keller
- Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit, Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3J9, Canada
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Thomas SM, Kainz MJ, Amundsen PA, Hayden B, Taipale SJ, Kahilainen KK. Resource polymorphism in European whitefish: Analysis of fatty acid profiles provides more detailed evidence than traditional methods alone. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221338. [PMID: 31430331 PMCID: PMC6701781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource polymorphism—whereby ancestral generalist populations give rise to several specialised morphs along a resource gradient—is common where species colonise newly formed ecosystems. This phenomenon is particularly well documented in freshwater fish populations inhabiting postglacial lakes formed at the end of the last ice age. However, knowledge on how such differential exploitation of resources across contrasting habitats might be reflected in the biochemical compositions of diverging populations is still limited, though such patterns might be expected. Here, we aimed to assess how fatty acids (FA)—an important biochemical component of animal tissues—diverged across a polymorphic complex of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and their closely related monomorphic specialist congener vendace (Coregonus albula) inhabiting a series of six subarctic lakes in northern Fennoscandia. We also explored patterns of FA composition in whitefish’s predators and invertebrate prey to assess how divergence in trophic ecology between whitefish morphs would relate to biochemical profiles of their key food web associates. Lastly, we assessed how information on trophic divergence provided by differential FA composition compared to evidence of resource polymorphism retrieved from more classical stomach content and stable isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) information. Examination of stomach contents provided high-resolution information on recently consumed prey, whereas stable isotopes indicated broad-scale patterns of benthic-pelagic resource use differentiation at different trophic levels. Linear discriminant analysis based on FA composition was substantially more successful in identifying whitefish morphs and their congener vendace as distinct groupings when compared to the other two methods. Three major FA (myristic acid, stearic acid, and eicosadienoic acid) proved particularly informative, both in delineating coregonid groups, and identifying patterns of pelagic-benthic feeding throughout the wider food web. Myristic acid (14:0) content and δ13C ratios in muscle tissue were positively correlated across fish taxa, and together provided the clearest segregation of fishes exploiting contrasting pelagic and benthic niches. In general, our findings highlight the potential of FA analysis for identifying resource polymorphism in animal populations where this phenomenon occurs, and suggest that this technique may provide greater resolution than more traditional methods typically used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Thomas
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin J. Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz – Inter-University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Aquatic Lipid and Ecotoxicology Research Group (LIPTOX), Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Brian Hayden
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sami J. Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kimmo K. Kahilainen
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Koppang, Norway
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30
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Pálffy K, Vörös L. Phytoplankton functional composition shows higher seasonal variability in a large shallow lake after a eutrophic past. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Károly Pálffy
- Balaton Limnological Institute MTA Centre for Ecological Research 3 Klebelsberg Kuno Street Tihany H‐8237 Hungary
- GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group MTA Centre for Ecological Research 3 Klebelsberg Kuno Street Tihany H‐8237 Hungary
| | - Lajos Vörös
- Balaton Limnological Institute MTA Centre for Ecological Research 3 Klebelsberg Kuno Street Tihany H‐8237 Hungary
- GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group MTA Centre for Ecological Research 3 Klebelsberg Kuno Street Tihany H‐8237 Hungary
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31
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Peltomaa E, Hällfors H, Taipale SJ. Comparison of Diatoms and Dinoflagellates from Different Habitats as Sources of PUFAs. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040233. [PMID: 31010188 PMCID: PMC6521115 DOI: 10.3390/md17040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have clearly shown the importance of omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for human and animal health. The long-chain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω-3) are especially recognized for their nutritional value, and ability to alleviate many diseases in humans. So far, fish oil has been the main human source of EPA and DHA, but alternative sources are needed to satisfy the growing need for them. Therefore, we compared a fatty acid profile and content of 10 diatoms and seven dinoflagellates originating from marine, brackish and freshwater habitats. These two phytoplankton groups were chosen since they are excellent producers of EPA and DHA in aquatic food webs. Multivariate analysis revealed that, whereas the phytoplankton group (46%) explained most of the differences in the fatty acid profiles, habitat (31%) together with phytoplankton group (24%) explained differences in the fatty acid contents. In both diatoms and dinoflagellates, the total fatty acid concentrations and the ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs were markedly higher in freshwater than in brackish or marine strains. Our results show that, even though the fatty acid profiles are genetically ordered, the fatty acid contents may vary greatly by habitat and affect the ω-3 and ω-6 availability in food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Peltomaa
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland.
- Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Yliopistonkatu 3, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heidi Hällfors
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Marine Ecological Research Laboratory, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sami J Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Antonucci Di Carvalho J, Wickham SA. Simulating eutrophication in a metacommunity landscape: an aquatic model ecosystem. Oecologia 2019; 189:461-474. [PMID: 30523402 PMCID: PMC6394664 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic habitats are often characterized by both high diversity and the threat of multiple anthropogenic stressors. Our research deals with temporal and spatial aspects of two of the main threats for biodiversity, namely eutrophication and fragmentation. It is known that pulsed nutrient addition creates temporal differences in environmental conditions, promoting higher diversity by preventing the best competitor from dominating. Furthermore, a metacommunity landscape with intermediate connectivity increases autotrophs' diversity and stability. However, it is yet unclear if these two factors are additive in increasing diversity and if the effects extend to the consumer level. With the goal of understanding how eutrophication impacts biodiversity in a metacommunity landscape, we hypothesized that pulsed nutrient addition will increase diversity among both autotrophs and heterotrophs, and this effect will be even greater in a metacommunity landscape. We simulated eutrophication and fragmentation in a microcosm experiment using phytoplankton as primary producers and microzooplankton as grazers. Four treatment combinations were tested including two different landscapes (metacommunity and isolated community) and two forms of nutrient supply (pulsed and continuous): metacommunity/continuous nutrient addition (MC); metacommunity/pulsed nutrient addition (MP); isolated community/continuous nutrient addition (IC); isolated community/pulsed nutrient addition (IP). As expected, pulsed nutrient addition had a persistent positive effect on phytoplankton diversity, with a weaker influence of landscape type. In contrast, the grazer community strongly benefited from a metacommunity landscape, with less significance of pulsed or continuous nutrient addition. Overall, the metacommunity landscape with pulsed nutrient supply supported higher diversity of primary producers and grazers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Antonucci Di Carvalho
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Stephen A Wickham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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