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Gu H, He X, Wu Y, Deng S, Jiang Y, Yu J, Deng Z, Xing K, Wang Z. Examining differentiation of sympatric
Schizothorax
fishes reveals low differentiation in internal compared to external feeding traits. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing School of Life Sciences Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - X. He
- Sichuan Lubei Biotechnology Company Limited Chengdu China
| | - Y. Wu
- Sichuan Lubei Biotechnology Company Limited Chengdu China
| | - S. Deng
- Liangshan Kehua Water Ecology Company Limited Xichang China
| | - Y. Jiang
- Butuo Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau Butuo China
| | - J. Yu
- Zhaojue Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau Zhaojue China
| | - Z. Deng
- Liangshan Kehua Water Ecology Company Limited Xichang China
| | - K. Xing
- Xichang Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau Xichang China
| | - Z. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing School of Life Sciences Southwest University Chongqing China
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2
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Garita-Alvarado CA, Garduño-Sánchez MA, Barluenga M, Ornelas-García CP. Genetic and ecomorphological divergence between sympatric Astyanax morphs from Central America. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1752-1766. [PMID: 34545659 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific ecological and morphological polymorphism can promote ecological speciation and the build-up of reproductive isolation. Here, we evaluate correlations among morphology, trophic ecology and genetic differentiation between two divergent morphs (elongate and deep-body) of the fish genus Astyanax in the San Juan River basin in Central America, to infer the putative evolutionary mechanism shaping this system. We collected the two morphs from three water bodies and analysed: (1) the correlation between body shape and the shape of the premaxilla, a relevant trophic morphological structure, (2) the trophic level and niche width of each morph, (3) the correspondence between trophic level and body and premaxillary shape, and (4) the genetic differentiation between morphs using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We found a strong correlation between the body and premaxillary shape of the morphs. The elongate-body morph had a streamlined body, a premaxilla with acuter angles and a narrower ascending process, and a higher trophic level, characteristic of species with predatorial habits. By contrast, the deep-body morph had a higher body depth, a premaxilla with less acute angles and a broader trophic niche, suggesting generalist habits. Despite the strong correlation between morphological and ecological divergence, the morphs showed limited genetic differentiation, supporting the idea that morphs may be undergoing incipient ecological speciation, although alternative scenarios such as stable polymorphism or plasticity should also be considered. This study provides support for the role of ecological factors promoting diversification in both lake and stream-dwelling freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Garita-Alvarado
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Marco Antonio Garduño-Sánchez
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Marta Barluenga
- Departament of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Kliemann BCK, Galdioli EM, Bialetzki A, Delariva RL. Morphological divergences as drivers of diet segregation between two sympatric species of Serrapinnus (Characidae: Cheirodontinae) in macrophyte stands in a neotropical floodplain lake. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Diet and morphology of Serrapinnus notomelas and Serrapinnus sp.1 were investigated across ontogeny, as a way to elucidate the key elements linked to the resource partitioning (a main driver for species coexistence). Fish sampling was conducted monthly between October 2010 and March 2012. Individuals were captured, identified, and classified into juvenile or adult. Our results show ontogenetic and interspecific differences in feeding abilities and morphological traits. Differences in body shape (relative area of the dorsal fin, length of head, height of the caudal peduncle, the aspect ratio of the pectoral and pelvic fin) favored divergent swimming performances (more maneuverability in S. notomelas and continuous swimming to Serrapinnus sp.1). We also observed divergences in trophic apparatus traits and correlations with different diets. In this context, it is highlighted that understanding the relationship between morphology and diet can assist in elucidating the processes that permeate the coexistence between sympatric species, and between ontogenetic periods. Besides, the relevant contribution of the measures of the trophic apparatus (gill raker length, the number of teeth cuspids, and intestinal coefficient) in trophic segregation seems to be a strong evidence in favor of the proposed discriminatory and predictive capacities of these traits.
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4
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Beck SV, Räsänen K, Leblanc CA, Skúlason S, Jónsson ZO, Kristjánsson BK. Differences among families in craniofacial shape at early life-stages of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:21. [PMID: 33106153 PMCID: PMC7586659 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organismal fitness can be determined at early life-stages, but phenotypic variation at early life-stages is rarely considered in studies on evolutionary diversification. The trophic apparatus has been shown to contribute to sympatric resource-mediated divergence in several taxa. However, processes underlying diversification in trophic traits are poorly understood. Using phenotypically variable Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), we reared offspring from multiple families under standardized laboratory conditions and tested to what extent family (i.e. direct genetic and maternal effects) contributes to offspring morphology at hatching (H) and first feeding (FF). To understand the underlying mechanisms behind early life-stage variation in morphology, we examined how craniofacial shape varied according to family, offspring size, egg size and candidate gene expression. RESULTS Craniofacial shape (i.e. the Meckel's cartilage and hyoid arch) was more variable between families than within families both across and within developmental stages. Differences in craniofacial morphology between developmental stages correlated with offspring size, whilst within developmental stages only shape at FF correlated with offspring size, as well as female mean egg size. Larger offspring and offspring from females with larger eggs consistently had a wider hyoid arch and contracted Meckel's cartilage in comparison to smaller offspring. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for family-level variation in early life-stage trophic morphology, indicating the potential for parental effects to facilitate resource polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Beck
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, 551, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland. .,Institute of Life- and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. .,The Rivers and Lochs Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK.
| | - Katja Räsänen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Camille A Leblanc
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, 551, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| | - Skúli Skúlason
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, 551, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| | - Zophonías O Jónsson
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Bjarni K Kristjánsson
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, 551, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
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do Nascimento CP, Dos Santos NCL, Dal Vesco BM, Gomes LC. Trophic morphology features allow Astyanax endemic species coexistence in a Neotropical river system. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:776-784. [PMID: 32535919 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resource partitioning has an essential role in interspecific relations, especially in congener species, which share many morphological traits. In some places, small characids coexist through resource partitioning, which may reduce their interspecific competition. Astyanax species (e.g., Astyanax minor, Astyanax gymnodontus and Astyanax bifasciatus), for example, coexist in different water bodies from the Iguaçu River basin. These species have high phenotypic plasticity and many morphologic specializations that allow them to live in different habitats. Based on evidences that these species modified their feeding habits because of changes in resource availability in Iguaçu River, this study tested two hypotheses: (a) there are differences in head morphology, number of teeth and number of gill rakers among the species of Astyanax; and (b) there are differences in gill arch and gill raker morphology among the species of Astyanax, which may favour their trophic resource partitioning in Iguaçu River. The head morphological traits and quantitative morphological characters were summarized in a principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), and the analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed significant differences among species. Gill morphological measurements were analysed through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and it also showed significant differences in gill arch and gill raker morphology among species. Therefore, the analysis of ecomorphological traits related to trophic habits revealed some differences that may suggest a tendency of reducing competition for trophic resources in the Iguaçu River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina P do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca M Dal Vesco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Departmento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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6
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Santacruz A, Ornelas‐García CP, Pérez‐Ponce de León G. Incipient genetic divergence or cryptic speciation?
Procamallanus
(Nematoda) in freshwater fishes (
Astyanax
). ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santacruz
- Departamento de Zoología Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unidad Mérida Mérida México
| | | | - Gerardo Pérez‐Ponce de León
- Departamento de Zoología Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unidad Mérida Mérida México
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7
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Powers AK, Garita-Alvarado CA, Rodiles-Hernández R, Berning DJ, Gross JB, Ornelas-García CP. A geographical cline in craniofacial morphology across populations of Mesoamerican lake-dwelling fishes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:171-180. [PMID: 31904195 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Together, the complex geological history and climatic diversity of Mesoamerica create a rich source of biodiversity from which evolutionary processes can be studied. Here, we discuss highly divergent morphs of lake-dwelling fishes distributed across Mexico and Central America, originally recognized as members of different genera (Astyanax and "Bramocharax"). Recent phylogenetic studies, however, suggest these morphs group within the same genus and readily hybridize. Despite genetic similarities, Bramocharax morphs exhibit stark differences in cranial shape and dentition. We investigated the evolution of several cranial traits that vary across morphs collected from four lakes in Mexico and Nicaragua and discovered an ecomorphological cline from northern to southern lakes. Northern populations of sympatric morphs exhibit a similar cranial shape and tooth morphology. Southern populations of Bramocharax morphs, however, showed a larger disparity in maxillary teeth, length and frequency of unicuspid teeth, an elongated snout, and a streamlined cranium compared to Astyanax morphs. This divergence of craniofacial morphology likely evolved in association with differences in trophic niches. We discuss the morphological differences across the four lake systems in terms of geological history and trophic dynamics. In summary, our study suggests that Bramocharax morphs are likely locally adapted members derived from independent Astyanax lineages, highlighting an interesting parallel evolutionary pattern within the Astyanax genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Powers
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos A Garita-Alvarado
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Rodiles-Hernández
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal, México
| | | | | | - C Patricia Ornelas-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Pease AA, Capps KA, Rodiles-Hernández R, Castillo MM, Mendoza-Carranza M, Soria-Barreto M, González-Díaz AA. Trophic structure of fish assemblages varies across a Mesoamerican river network with contrasting climate and flow conditions. FOOD WEBS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2019.e00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Ornelas-García P, Pajares S, Sosa-Jiménez VM, Rétaux S, Miranda-Gamboa RA. Microbiome differences between river-dwelling and cave-adapted populations of the fish Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5906. [PMID: 30425894 PMCID: PMC6228550 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships between host and microbiome can play a major role in local adaptation. Previous studies with freshwater organisms have shown that microbiome performs numerous important biochemical functions for the host, playing a key role in metabolism, physiology or health. Experimental studies in fish groups have found an effect of enzymatic activity of gut microbiota on a variety of metabolic processes. The goal of this study was to compare stomach microbiome from cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus, in order to evaluate the potential response of microbiota to contrasting environmental conditions and physiological adaptations of the host. Stomach microbiota was obtained from three different populations: Pachón cave, and two surface rivers (Rascón and Micos rivers). The stomach microbiome was analyzed using the Ion 16S Metagenomic kit considering seven variable regions: V2, V3, V4, V6-7, V8 and V9. A high diversity was observed across samples, including 16 phyla, 120 families and 178 genera. Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Betaproteobacteria were the most abundant phyla across the samples. Although the relative abundance of the core OTUs at genus level were highly contrasting among populations, we did not recover differences in stomach microbiome between contrasting habitats (cave vs. surface rivers). Rather, we observed a consistent association between β-diversity and dissolved oxygen concentration in water. Therefore, and unexpectedly, the microbiota of A. mexicanus is not linked with the contrasting conditions of the habitat considered here but is related to water parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ornelas-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Pajares
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Sosa-Jiménez
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ramsés A Miranda-Gamboa
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico
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10
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Garita-Alvarado CA, Barluenga M, Ornelas-García CP. Parallel evolution of morphs of Astyanax species (Teleostei: Characidae) in México and Central America. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Garita-Alvarado
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior, México, D. F. Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior S/N. CP, México, D. F. Mexico
| | - Marta Barluenga
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior, México, D. F. Mexico
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