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Fan Y, Feng Q, Huang Y, Yang N, Fan H, Li B, Wang X, Yang L, Yen H, Wu F, Chen L. Determining optimal range of reduction rates for nitrogen fertilization based on responses of vegetable yield and nitrogen losses to reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171523. [PMID: 38453078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Vegetable production is commonly accompanied by high nitrogen fertilizer rates but low nitrogen use efficiency in China. Reduced fertilization has been frequently recommended in existing studies as an efficient measurement to avoid large amount of nutrient loss and subsequent nonpoint source pollution. However, the reported responses of vegetable yield and nitrogen losses to reduced fertilization rates varied in a large range, which has resulted into large uncertainties in the potential benefits of those recommended reduction rates. Thus, we constructed the relationship between responses of nitrogen losses and vegetable yield to reduced nitrogen fertilization rates to determine the optimal range of reduction rates for nitrogen fertilization in a proportional form based on data reported in literatures across China's mainland, and evaluated the roles of greenhouse, managing options, and vegetable species on the responses. The relationships were constructed separately for 4 subregions: Northern arid and semiarid, loess plateau regions (NSL), Temperate monsoon zone (TMZ), Southeast monsoon zone (SMZ), Southwest zone (SWZ). The optimal nitrogen fertilizer reduction range for the TMZ, SMZ and SWZ were 51 % to 67 %, 40 % to 66 % and 54 % to 80 %, respectively and no reduction for NSL. Vegetable yields were not be sacrificed when fertilizations were reduced within the optimal ranges. Greenhouse and managing options showed no significant effect on the responses of both vegetable yield and nitrogen losses by the optimal reduction range but vegetable species played a relatively important role on the responses of vegetable yield. This indicated that the optimal reduction rates can be effective on reducing nitrogen loss in both open-field and greenhouse conditions across China's mainland without extra managing options. Therefore, the optimal reduction rates can still serve as a good starting point for making regional plans of nitrogen reduction that help balancing the chasing of high vegetable yield and low nitrogen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qingyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Nengliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Huihui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Boyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Haw Yen
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Environmental Exposure Modeling, Regulatory Science North America, Bayer US Crop Science Division, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Feng Wu
- Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liding Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Milosavljević F, Molden PE, Ingelman-Sundberg PM, Jukić APMM. Current level of evidence for improvement of antidepressant efficacy and tolerability by pharmacogenomic-guided treatment: A Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 81:43-52. [PMID: 38340605 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the clinical utility of currently available pharmacogenomic (PGx) tools compared with treatment as usual (TAU), using a meta-analysis of dichotomous and continuous antidepressant efficacy and tolerability data from previously published clinical trials. MEDLINE, clinicaltrial.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register, WHO ICTRP and CENTRAL were systematically searched; of the 962 results originally reviewed, 15 trials were included. Antidepressant efficacy was quantified by relative and absolute changes in symptom severity after eight weeks of treatment and by response and remission rates, while tolerability was estimated by the rate of study discontinuation for any reason. In the PGx-guided patients, symptom severity reduced by an average of 31.0% after eight weeks of treatment, compared to an average reduction of 26.8% in the TAU group. Accordingly, PGx-guided patients experienced a greater reduction in symptom severity of 3.4% (95%CI: 1.6-5.3%), which corresponded to a reduction in the Hamilton Depression score of 0.75 (0.30-1.21), a 37% (15-63%) higher remission rate, and an 18% (5-33%) higher response rate compared with TAU patients, while no difference was observed in discontinuation rate between groups. Notably, the majority of associations lost statistical significance when restricting the dataset to low risk of bias studies, while certain funnel plots suggested a potential publication bias favoring the reporting of statistically significant results. In summary, PGx tools marginally enhance antidepressant efficacy, but not antidepressant tolerability; thus, additional research and advancement of PGx tools are needed to improve integration of PGx in clinical pharmacotherapy of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Milosavljević
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Prof Espen Molden
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Assoc Prof Marin M Jukić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Pharmacogenetics Section, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Anderson DJ, Berson JD, Didham RK, Simmons LW, Evans TA. Dung beetles increase plant growth: a meta-analysis. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232885. [PMID: 38503337 PMCID: PMC10950467 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The ecosystem services provided by dung beetles are well known and valued. Dung beetles bury dung for feeding and breeding, and it is generally thought that the process of burying dung increases nutrient uptake by plant roots, which promotes plant growth. Many studies have tested the effects of dung beetles on plant growth, but there has been no quantitative synthesis of these studies. Here we use a multi-level meta-analysis to estimate the average effect of dung beetles on plant growth and investigate factors that moderate this effect. We identified 28 publications that investigated dung beetle effects on plant growth. Of these, 24 contained the minimum quantitative data necessary to include in a meta-analysis. Overall, we found that dung beetles increased plant growth by 17%; the 95% CI for possible values for the true increase in plant growth that were most compatible with our data, given our statistical model, ranged from 1% to 35%. We found evidence that the dung beetle-plant growth relationship is influenced by the plant measurement type and the number of beetles accessing the dung. However, beetles did not increase plant growth in all quantitative trials, as individual effect sizes ranged from -72% to 806%, suggesting important context-dependence in the provision of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Anderson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob D. Berson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raphael K. Didham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leigh W. Simmons
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Theodore A. Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Bell IH, Eisner E, Allan S, Cartner S, Torous J, Bucci S, Thomas N. Methodological Characteristics and Feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies in Psychosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:238-265. [PMID: 37606276 PMCID: PMC10919779 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves completing multiple surveys over time in daily life, capturing in-the-moment experiences in real-world contexts. EMA use in psychosis studies has surged over several decades. To critically examine EMA use in psychosis research and assist future researchers in designing new EMA studies, this systematic review aimed to summarize the methodological approaches used for positive symptoms in psychosis populations and evaluate feasibility with a focus on completion rates. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Embase databases using search terms related to EMA and psychosis was conducted. Excluding duplicate samples, a meta-analysis was conducted of EMA survey completion rates and meta-regression to examine predictors of completion. RESULTS Sixty-eight studies were included in the review. Characteristics and reporting of EMA methodologies were variable across studies. The meta-mean EMA survey completion computed from the 39 unique studies that reported a mean completion rate was 67.15% (95% CI = 62.3, 71.9), with an average of 86.25% of the sample meeting a one-third EMA completion criterion. No significant predictors of completion were found in the meta-regression. A variety of EMA items were used to measure psychotic experiences, of which few were validated. CONCLUSIONS EMA methods have been widely applied in psychosis studies using a range of protocols. Completion rates are high, providing clear evidence of feasibility in psychosis populations. Recommendations for reporting in future studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen H Bell
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Eisner
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sharla Cartner
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Bucci
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Thomas
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abdallah A, Francoz D, Berman J, Dufour S, Buczinski S. Veal calves management in Québec, Canada: Part I. Association between passive immunity transfer at arrival and health disorders. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106118. [PMID: 38271922 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality remain important concerns for veal production which traditionally involves very young calves being transported directly from dairy farms to calf-raising facilities or sold through auction markets from dairy farms. There are few studies that examine the relationship between transfer of passive immunity and health outcomes in veal production in Québec. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality in milk and grain-fed veal facilities in Québec. Between October 2017 and December 2018, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 59 batches of milk- and grain-fed veal calves from Montérégie and Centre du Québec regions in Québec, Canada. A total of 30 calves per batch were randomly sampled for the transfer of passive immunity (TPI) status using the Brix refractometer (serum threshold ≥ 8.4%). Throughout the production cycle, arrival, treatment, mortality, and slaughter records of each batch of calves were extracted and used to quantify individual- and group-level risk factors. Morbidity and mortality were modelled through generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) using a logit link, as function of categorical variables (individual inadequate TPI, arrival season, purchasing sites, and arrival weights) and a continuous variable (proportion of inadequate TPI in the batch). Given that the health and performance data are usually collected retrospectively under commercial settings, incomplete data was recognized as a potential issue. Thus, multiple imputation models were used. From 59 batches where 1729 calves were sampled for measuring TPI, 1084 calves had a serum Brix% < 8.4% giving a prevalence of 62.7% of inadequate TPI. The prevalence of morbidity and mortality in those 59 batches were not associated with the batch-level inadequate TPI prevalence. On the other hand, individual calves with inadequate TPI had higher odds of morbidity (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.2-2.05, P = 0.001) compared to those calves with adequate TPI. Odds of mortality, on the other hand, were not significantly affected by inadequate TPI (OR:1.27; 95% CI: 0.74-2.18, P = 0.3). Calves arriving to the facility during the winter season had lower odds of mortality than those arriving in fall (OR:0.16; 95% CI: 0.03-0.78, P = 0.02). In conclusion, this study suggests that inadequate TPI, as assessed upon arrival in veal farms, remains an important concern for negative health outcomes in veal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonem Abdallah
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - David Francoz
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Berman
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Zhao L, Fu D, Wu X, Liu C, Yuan X, Wang S, Duan C. Opposite response of constructed wetland performance in nitrogen and phosphorus removal to short and long terms of operation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:120002. [PMID: 38169257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely used for treating polluted water since the 1950s, with applications in over 50 countries worldwide. Most studies investigating the pollutant removal efficiency of these wetlands have focused on differences among wetland designs, operation strategies, and environmental conditions. However, there still remains a gap in understanding the variation in wetland pollutant removal efficiency over different time scales. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to address this gap by conducting a global meta-analysis to estimate the variation in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal by wetland in short- and long-term pollutant treatment. The findings of this study indicated that the total efficiencies of N and P removal increased during short-term wetland operation but decreased during long-term operation. However, for surface flow CWs specifically, the efficiencies of N and P removal increased during short-term operation and remained stable during long-term operation. Moreover, the study discovered that wetland N removal efficiency was influenced by seasons, with an increase in spring and summer and a decrease in autumn and winter. Conversely, there was no significant seasonal effect on P removal efficiency. Additionally, high hydraulic load impaired wetland N and P removal efficiency during long-term operation. This study offers a critical review of the role of wetlands in wastewater treatment and provides valuable reference data for the design and selection of CWs types during wastewater treatment in the aspect of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoqi Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Denggao Fu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xiaoni Wu
- School of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Change Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xinqi Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Changqun Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
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Lehmann A, Flaig M, Dueñas JF, Rillig MC. Surfactant-Mediated Effects on Hydrological and Physical Soil Properties: Data Synthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19849-19859. [PMID: 37978924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Soils are under the threat of a multitude of anthropogenic factors affecting the complex interplay of various physical and hydrological soil processes and properties. One such factor is the group of surface-active compounds. Surfactants have a broad range of applications and can reduce solid-liquid interfacial forces and increase wettability and dispersion of particles. Surfactant effects are context-dependent, giving rise to a wide range of reported effects on different soil processes and properties. Here, we evaluate the evidence base of surfactant research on 11 hydrological and physical soil variables. Our goal was to identify knowledge gaps and test the robustness of the proposed surfactant effects. We found that the current knowledge base is insufficient to reach strong data-backed conclusions about the effects of surfactants in soils. We identified a unique case of bias in the data as a result of conflated patterns from laboratory and field studies. We could not support the hypothesis that the surfactant charge determines soil effects for any of the tested soil variables. We believe that further experiments on surfactant-mediated effects on soil properties and processes are urgently required, paying attention, in particular, to improving experimental design and data reporting standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Flaig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juan F Dueñas
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Pappalardo P, Song C, Hungate BA, Osenberg CW. A meta-evaluation of the quality of reporting and execution in ecological meta-analyses. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292606. [PMID: 37824448 PMCID: PMC10569516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitatively summarizing results from a collection of primary studies with meta-analysis can help answer ecological questions and identify knowledge gaps. The accuracy of the answers depends on the quality of the meta-analysis. We reviewed the literature assessing the quality of ecological meta-analyses to evaluate current practices and highlight areas that need improvement. From each of the 18 review papers that evaluated the quality of meta-analyses, we calculated the percentage of meta-analyses that met criteria related to specific steps taken in the meta-analysis process (i.e., execution) and the clarity with which those steps were articulated (i.e., reporting). We also re-evaluated all the meta-analyses available from Pappalardo et al. [1] to extract new information on ten additional criteria and to assess how the meta-analyses recognized and addressed non-independence. In general, we observed better performance for criteria related to reporting than for criteria related to execution; however, there was a wide variation among criteria and meta-analyses. Meta-analyses had low compliance with regard to correcting for phylogenetic non-independence, exploring temporal trends in effect sizes, and conducting a multifactorial analysis of moderators (i.e., explanatory variables). In addition, although most meta-analyses included multiple effect sizes per study, only 66% acknowledged some type of non-independence. The types of non-independence reported were most often related to the design of the original experiment (e.g., the use of a shared control) than to other sources (e.g., phylogeny). We suggest that providing specific training and encouraging authors to follow the PRISMA EcoEvo checklist recently developed by O'Dea et al. [2] can improve the quality of ecological meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pappalardo
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Tiburon, California, United States of America
| | - Chao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bruce A. Hungate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Craig W. Osenberg
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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9
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Nakagawa S, Noble DWA, Lagisz M, Spake R, Viechtbauer W, Senior AM. A robust and readily implementable method for the meta-analysis of response ratios with and without missing standard deviations. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:232-244. [PMID: 36573275 PMCID: PMC10108319 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The log response ratio, lnRR, is the most frequently used effect size statistic for meta-analysis in ecology. However, often missing standard deviations (SDs) prevent estimation of the sampling variance of lnRR. We propose new methods to deal with missing SDs via a weighted average coefficient of variation (CV) estimated from studies in the dataset that do report SDs. Across a suite of simulated conditions, we find that using the average CV to estimate sampling variances for all observations, regardless of missingness, performs with minimal bias. Surprisingly, even with missing SDs, this simple method outperforms the conventional approach (basing each effect size on its individual study-specific CV) with complete data. This is because the conventional method ultimately yields less precise estimates of the sampling variances than using the pooled CV from multiple studies. Our approach is broadly applicable and can be implemented in all meta-analyses of lnRR, regardless of 'missingness'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Spake
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Centre for Precision Data Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
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10
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Crop diversification and parasitic weed abundance: a global meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19413. [PMID: 36371505 PMCID: PMC9653488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic weeds cause huge annual losses to food production globally. A small number of species from the genera Cuscuta, Orobanche, Phelipanche and Striga have proliferated across many agroecological zones. Their control is compromised due to the lack of efficacy of conventional herbicides and their rapid adaptation to new resistant crop cultivars. A broad range of studies suggest consistent reductions in parasitic weed densities owing to increased spatial (intercropping) and temporal diversity (crop rotation). However, to date, no synthesis of this body of research has been published. Here we report the results of a meta-analysis using 1525 paired observations from 67 studies across 24 countries, comparing parasitic weed density and crop yields from monocrop and more diverse cropping systems. We found both spatial and temporal crop diversification had a significant effect on parasitic weed density reduction. Furthermore, our results show effects of spatial diversification are stronger in suppressing parasitic weeds than temporal effects. Furthermore, the analysis indicates intercrops which alter both microclimate and soil chemistry (e.g. Crotalaria, Stylosanthes, Berseem clover and Desmodium) are most effective in parasitic weed management. This analysis serves to underline the viability of crop diversification as a tool to enhance food security globally.
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11
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Deep matrix factorization models for estimation of missing data in a low-cost sensor network to measure air quality. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zettlemoyer MA, Ellis SL, Hale CW, Horne EC, Thoen RD, DeMarche ML. Limited evidence for phenological differences between non-native and native species. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.983172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many species shift their phenology with climate change, species vary significantly in the direction and magnitude of these responses (i.e., phenological sensitivity). Studies increasingly detect early phenology or high phenological sensitivity to climate in non-native species, which may favor non-native species over natives in warming climates. Yet relatively few studies explicitly compare phenological responses to climate between native vs. non-native species or between non-native populations in the native vs. introduced range, limiting our ability to quantify the role of phenology in invasion success. Here, we review the empirical evidence for and against differences in phenology and phenological sensitivity to climate in both native vs. non-native species and native and introduced populations of non-native species. Contrary to common assumptions, native and non-native plant species did not consistently differ in mean phenology or phenological sensitivity. However, non-native plant species were often either just as or more sensitive, but rarely less sensitive, to climate as natives. Introduced populations of non-native plant species often show earlier reproduction than native populations of the same species, but there was mixed evidence for differences in phenological sensitivity between introduced and native plant populations. We found very few studies comparing native vs. invasive animal phenology. Future work should characterize phenological sensitivity to climate in native vs. non-native plant and animal species, in native vs. introduced populations of non-native species, and across different stages of invasion, and should carefully consider how differences in phenology might promote invasion success or disadvantage native species under climate change.
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Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Lontchi-Yimagou E, Nkeck JR, Nyaga UF, Ngouo AT, Tounouga DN, Tianyi FL, Foka AJ, Ndoadoumgue AL, Bigna JJ. Geographic distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components in the general adult population: A meta-analysis of global data from 28 million individuals. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 188:109924. [PMID: 35584716 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Better knowledge of the global metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence and its components is a prerequisite to curb the related burden. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, Africa Journal Online, Global Index Medicus up to May 23, 2021. Prevalence pooling was done with a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS In total, 1,129 prevalence data (28,193,768 participants) were included. The MetS global prevalence varied from 12.5% (95 %CI: 10.2-15.0) to 31.4% (29.8-33.0) according to the definition considered. The prevalence was significantly higher in Eastern Mediterranean Region and Americas and increased with country's level of income. The global prevalence was 45.1% (95 %CI: 42.1-48.2) for ethnic-specific central obesity, 42.6% (40.3-44.9) for systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg, 40.2% (37.8-42.5) for HDL-cholesterol < 1.03 for men or < 1.29 mmol/L for women, 28.9% (27.4-30.5) for serum triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, and 24.5% (22.5-26.6) for fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that MetS and its related cardiometabolic components are highly prevalent worldwide. This study calls for more aggressive and contextualized public health interventions to tackle these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Health Information Management and Risk Assessment Unit, World Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Region for Africa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Eric Lontchi-Yimagou
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Jan René Nkeck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ulrich Flore Nyaga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Anderson T Ngouo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dahlia Noelle Tounouga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of General Medicine, Lafe-Baleng Divisional Hospital, Western Regional Delegation, Ministry of Public Health, Bafoussam, Cameroon
| | - Frank-Leonel Tianyi
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Research, Cameroon Society of Epidemiology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Audrey Joyce Foka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Jean Joel Bigna
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Abdalla M, Espenberg M, Zavattaro L, Lellei-Kovacs E, Mander U, Smith K, Thorman R, Damatirca C, Schils R, Ten-Berge H, Newell-Price P, Smith P. Does liming grasslands increase biomass productivity without causing detrimental impacts on net greenhouse gas emissions? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118999. [PMID: 35176412 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidification has negative impacts on grass biomass production and the potential of grasslands to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Through a global review of research on liming of grasslands, the objective of this paper was to assess the impacts of liming on soil pH, grass biomass production and total net GHG exchange (nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and net carbon dioxide (CO2)). We collected 57 studies carried out at 88 sites and covering different countries and climatic zones. All of the studies examined showed that liming either reduced or had no effects on the emissions of two potent greenhouse gases (N2O and CH4). Though liming of grasslands can increase net CO2 emissions, the impact on total net GHG emission is minimal due to the higher global warming potential, over a 100-year period, of N2O and CH4 compared to that of CO2. Liming grassland delivers many potential advantages, which justify its wider adoption. It significantly ameliorates soil acidity, increases grass productivity, reduces fertiliser requirement and increases species richness. To realise the maximum benefit of liming grassland, we suggest that acidic soils should be moderately limed within the context of specific climates, soils and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdalla
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laura Zavattaro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | - Ulo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Claudia Damatirca
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Rene Schils
- Agrosystems Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Ten-Berge
- Agrosystems Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Luo N, Li R, Wang Y, Xia Y, Sun J, Zhao L, Sun C, Sun J, Fang J. Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for treating trigeminal neuralgia associated anxiety and depression: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28631. [PMID: 35060545 PMCID: PMC8772693 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) often develop a terrible fear of triggering pain, which may lead to anxiety and depression, exerting a negative effect on their quality of life. This protocol is carried out to comprehensively explore the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for treating anxiety and depression induced by TN. METHODS Randomized control trials involving acupuncture for treating patients with anxiety and depression caused by TN will be searched in eight electric databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Database and Technology Periodical Database (VIP). In addition, studies that were reported in Chinese or English will be considered. Studies selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment of the included studies will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Quality of the included studies will be performed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meanwhile, the level of evidence for results will be assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. The primary outcomes will be the Hamilton Anxiety/Depression Scale or Zung Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale, secondary outcomes will be the visual analog score, numerical rating score, SF-36, and adverse events. All analyses will be conducted by using the RevMan software V5.3. RESULTS A high-quality synthesis of current evidence of acupuncture for TN patients associated with anxiety and depression will be provided in this study. CONCLUSION This systematic review will offer comprehensive evidence of acupuncture on specific outcomes induced by TN and TN-related anxiety and depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020219775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunfan Xia
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linfang Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Community Health Service Center of Puyan Street, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiemin Sun
- Community Health Service Center of Puyan Street, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Grainger TN, Levine JM. Rapid evolution of life-history traits in response to warming, predation and competition: A meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:541-554. [PMID: 34850533 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although studies quantifying evolutionary change in response to the selective pressures that organisms face in the wild have demonstrated that organisms can evolve rapidly, we lack a systematic assessment of the frequency, magnitude and direction of rapid evolutionary change across taxa. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of 58 studies that document the effects of warming, predation or competition on the evolution of body size, development rate or fecundity in natural or experimental animal populations. We tested whether there was a consistent effect of any selective agent on any trait, whether the direction of these effects align with theoretical predictions, and whether the three agents select in opposing directions on any trait. Overall, we found weak effects of all three selective agents on trait evolution: none of our nine traits by selective agent combinations had an overall effect that differed from zero, only 31% of studies had a significant within-study effect, and attributes of the included studies generally did not account for between-study variation in results. One notable exception was that predation targeting adults consistently resulted in the evolution of smaller prey body size. We discuss potential causes of these generally weak responses and consider how our results inform the ongoing development of eco-evolutionary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Nahanni Grainger
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Ogle K, Liu Y, Vicca S, Bahn M. A hierarchical, multivariate meta-analysis approach to synthesising global change experiments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2382-2394. [PMID: 34137037 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses enable synthesis of results from globally distributed experiments to draw general conclusions about the impacts of global change factors on ecosystem function. Traditional meta-analyses, however, are challenged by the complexity and diversity of experimental results. We illustrate how several key issues can be addressed by a multivariate, hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis (MHBM) approach applied to information extracted from published studies. We applied an MHBM to log-response ratios for aboveground biomass (AB, n = 300), belowground biomass (BB, n = 205) and soil CO2 exchange (SCE, n = 544), representing 100 studies. The MHBM accounted for study duration, climate effects and covariation among the AB, BB and SCE responses to elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) and/or warming. The MHBM revealed significant among-study covariation in the AB and BB responses to experimental treatments. The MHBM imputed missing duration (4.2%) and climate (6%) data, and revealed that climate context governs how eCO2 and warming impact ecosystem function. Predictions identified biomes that may be particularly sensitive to eCO2 or warming, but that are under-represented in global change experiments. The MHBM approach offers a flexible and powerful tool for synthesising disparate experimental results reported across multiple studies, sites and response variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiona Ogle
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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Chen WT, Tang RM, Huang Y, Pan YP, Wang SW, Wang GY. Different Chinese herbal medicine therapy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A protocol for systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25341. [PMID: 33787633 PMCID: PMC8021348 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common immune system and blood system disease in clinical practice, and it is a hemorrhagic disease caused by immune factors causing platelet destruction and decreasing number of platelets. There is currently no effective treatment plan for ITP. At this stage, glucocorticoid and gamma globulin are mostly used in the treatment of ITP, and some patients use splenectomy to achieve therapeutic purposes, but the various treatment methods are inadequate. At this stage, a large number of randomized controlled studies have reported that Chinese herbal medicine has achieved good curative effect in the treatment of ITP. However, due to the variety of Chinese herbal medicine, there has been no evidence of the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of ITP. Because of the above reasons, this study uses the network meta-analysis method based on Bayesian method to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of different kinds of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of ITP through direct and indirect comparison, in order to provide evidence-based medical support for the treatment of ITP with Chinese herbal medicine. METHODS This study uses the method of combining free words with theme words, and using computer to retrieve PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, WANFANG Database, CNKI, and VIP Database, etc, to collect the randomized control studies on Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of ITP. The retrieval time is from the establishment of each database to January 2021, and the retrieval languages are Chinese and English. Two researchers independently read the title, abstract and full text of the article to determine whether it is included in the literature; In the event of a disagreement, a third researcher will join the discussion to resolve the disagreement; For the literature that lacks information, trying to contact the original author of the document to supplement it. The literature quality evaluation carried out by using the Stata 14.0 software to draw network and funnel plots, in accordance with the quality evaluation criteria of version 5.1.0 of the Cochrane System Evaluation Manual. Statistical analysis is performed by using ADDIS 1.16.8 software based on the Bayesian model. RESULTS This study will compare the clinical efficacy and safety of different types of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura through the method of network meta-analysis, and rank the different types of Chinese herbal medicine according to their effectiveness, and the results will be published in a peer-reviewed, high-quality academic journal. CONCLUSION This study will find effective and safe Chinese herbal medicine for clinical treatment of ITP from the perspective of evidence-based medicine, and benefit more ITP patients.
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