1
|
Xie A, Wang Y, Xiao L, Wang Y, Liao S, Yang M, Su S, Meng S, Liu H. Plasticity in resource allocation of the invasive Phytolacca americana: Balancing growth, reproduction, and defense along urban-rural gradients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173532. [PMID: 38802014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In response to varying environments along urban and rural gradients, invasive plants may strategically allocate resources to enhance their invasiveness. However, how invasive plants balance their resources for growth, reproduction, and defense as responses to biotic and abiotic factors across these gradients remain unclear. We conducted field surveys on the growth, reproduction, and herbivory of the invasive species Phytolacca americana across diverse urban and rural habitats. Leaf samples were collected to analyze the nutritional content, primary and secondary metabolites. We found that plant growth rates, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, and concentrations of flavonoids and saponins were higher in urban habitats, while reproduction, herbivory, and carbon-to‑nitrogen ratios were lower than those in rural habitats. We also found a trade-off between growth rate and herbivory, as well as trade-offs among defense traits associated with herbivory (e.g., leaf mass per area, the inverse of leaf nitrogen content, and carbon‑nitrogen ratio) and the production of metabolites associated with abiotic stress tolerance (e.g., soluble sugars, flavonoids, and saponins). As earlier studies showed low levels of genetic diversity within and between populations, our findings suggest that the urban-rural gradient patterns of resource allocation are primarily phenotypic plasticity in response to herbivory in rural areas and abiotic factors in urban areas. Our study sheds light on the mechanisms by which urbanization affects plant invasions and offers insights for the implementation of their management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Xie
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry & Ecology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Sese Su
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Shibo Meng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjia Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee H, Diaz R, Cronin JT. Dieback and dredge soils of Phragmites australis in the Mississippi River Delta negatively impact plant biomass. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1935. [PMID: 38253645 PMCID: PMC10803353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Phragmites australis is exhibiting extensive dieback in the Lower Mississippi River Delta (MRD). We explored the potential for restoration of these marshes by (1) characterizing the chemical profiles of soils collected from healthy and dieback stands of P. australis and from sites recently created from dredge-disposal soils that were expected to be colonized by P. australis and (2) experimentally testing the effects of these soil types on the growth of three common P. australis lineages, Delta, Gulf and European. Soil chemical properties included Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn, % organic matter, % carbon, % nitrogen, and pH. Dieback soils were characterized by higher % organic matter, % carbon, % nitrogen, and higher S and Fe concentrations, whereas healthy soils had higher Cu, Al, P and Zn. In comparison, dredge sites were low in nutrients and organic matter compared to healthy soils. Rhizomes of each P. australis lineage were planted in each soil type in a common garden and greenhouse and allowed to grow for five months. Aboveground biomass was 16% lower in dieback and 44% lower in dredge soils than in healthy soils. However, we could detect no significant differences in response to soil types among lineages. Although dredge and dieback sites are not optimal for P. australis growth, plants can thrive on these soils, and we recommend restorative measures be initiated as soon as possible to minimize soil erosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herie Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Rodrigo Diaz
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Putra AR, Hodgins KA, Fournier‐Level A. Assessing the invasive potential of different source populations of ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) through genomically informed species distribution modelling. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13632. [PMID: 38283606 PMCID: PMC10810254 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic composition of founding populations is likely to play a key role in determining invasion success. Individual genotypes may differ in habitat preference and environmental tolerance, so their ability to colonize novel environments can be highly variable. Despite the importance of genetic variation on invasion success, its influence on the potential distribution of invaders is rarely investigated. Here, we integrate population genomics and ecological niche models (ENMs) into a single framework to predict the distribution of globally invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Australia. We identified three genetic clusters for ragweed and used these to construct cluster-specific ENMs and characterize within-species niche differentiation. The potential range of ragweed in Australia depended on the genetic composition and continent of origin of the introduced population. Invaders originating from warmer, wetter climates had a broader potential distribution than those from cooler, drier ones. By quantifying this change, we identified source populations most likely to expand the ragweed distribution. As prevention remains the most effective method of invasive species management, our work provides a valuable way of ranking the threat posed by different populations to better inform management decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andhika R. Putra
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salgado AL, Glassmire AE, Sedio BE, Diaz R, Stout MJ, Čuda J, Pyšek P, Meyerson LA, Cronin JT. Metabolomic Evenness Underlies Intraspecific Differences Among Lineages of a Wetland Grass. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:437-450. [PMID: 37099216 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The metabolome represents an important functional trait likely important to plant invasion success, but we have a limited understanding of whether the entire metabolome or targeted groups of compounds confer an advantage to invasive as compared to native taxa. We conducted a lipidomic and metabolomic analysis of the cosmopolitan wetland grass Phragmites australis. We classified features into metabolic pathways, subclasses, and classes. Subsequently, we used Random Forests to identify informative features to differentiate five phylogeographic and ecologically distinct lineages: European native, North American invasive, North American native, Gulf, and Delta. We found that lineages had unique phytochemical fingerprints, although there was overlap between the North American invasive and North American native lineages. Furthermore, we found that divergence in phytochemical diversity was driven by compound evenness rather than metabolite richness. Interestingly, the North American invasive lineage had greater chemical evenness than the Delta and Gulf lineages but lower evenness than the North American native lineage. Our results suggest that metabolomic evenness may represent a critical functional trait within a plant species. Its role in invasion success, resistance to herbivory, and large-scale die-off events common to this and other plant species remain to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Salgado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Andrea E Glassmire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | - Rodrigo Diaz
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Michael J Stout
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jan Čuda
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZ -128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Harms NE, Knight IA, DeRossette AB, Williams DA. Intraspecific trait plasticity to N and P of the wetland invader, Alternanthera philoxeroides under flooded conditions. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9966. [PMID: 37013102 PMCID: PMC10065980 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between invaders and resource availability may explain variation in their success or management efficacy. For widespread invaders, regional variation in plant response to nutrients can reflect phenotypic plasticity of the invader, genetic structure of invading populations, or a combination of the two. The wetland weed Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligatorweed) is established throughout the southeastern United States and California and has high genetic diversity despite primarily spreading clonally. Despite its history in the United States, the role of genetic variation for invasion and management success is only now being uncovered. To better understand how nutrients and genotype may influence A. philoxeroides invasion, we measured the response of plants from 26 A. philoxeroides populations (three cp haplotypes) to combinations of nitrogen (4 or 200 mg/L N) and phosphorus (0.4 or 40 mg/L P). We measured productivity (biomass accumulation and allocation), plant architecture (stem diameter and thickness, branching intensity), and foliar traits (toughness, dry matter content, percent N, and percent P). A short‐term developmental assay was also conducted by feeding a subset of plants from the nutrient experiment to the biological control agent Agasicles hygrophila, to determine whether increased availability of N or P to its host influenced agent performance, as has been previously suggested. Alternanthera philoxeroides haplotype Ap1 was more plastic than other haplotypes in response to nutrient amendments, producing more than double the biomass from low to high N and 50%–68% higher shoot: root ratio than other haplotypes in the high N treatment. Alternanthera philoxeroides haplotypes differed in seven of 10 variables in response to increased N. We found no differences in short‐term A. hygrophila development between haplotypes but mass was 23% greater in high than low N treatments. This study is the first to explore the interplay between nutrient availability, genetic variation, and phenotypic plasticity in invasive characteristics of the global invader, A. philoxeroides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E. Harms
- Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species BranchUS Army Engineer Research and Development Center201 E. Jones St.LewisvilleTexas75057USA
| | - Ian A. Knight
- Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species BranchUS Army Engineer Research and Development Center3909 Halls Ferry Rd.VicksburgMississippi39180USA
| | - A. Blake DeRossette
- Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species BranchUS Army Engineer Research and Development Center3909 Halls Ferry Rd.VicksburgMississippi39180USA
| | - Dean A. Williams
- Department of BiologyTexas Christian UniversityFort WorthTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klinerová T, Man M, Dostál P. Invasion tolerance varies along a topographic gradient irrespective of invader presence. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Klinerová
- Inst. of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Man
- Inst. of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dostál
- Inst. of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stuart KC, Sherwin WB, Edwards RJ, Rollins LA. Evolutionary genomics: Insights from the invasive European starlings. Front Genet 2023; 13:1010456. [PMID: 36685843 PMCID: PMC9845568 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1010456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two fundamental questions for evolutionary studies are the speed at which evolution occurs, and the way that this evolution may present itself within an organism's genome. Evolutionary studies on invasive populations are poised to tackle some of these pressing questions, including understanding the mechanisms behind rapid adaptation, and how it facilitates population persistence within a novel environment. Investigation of these questions are assisted through recent developments in experimental, sequencing, and analytical protocols; in particular, the growing accessibility of next generation sequencing has enabled a broader range of taxa to be characterised. In this perspective, we discuss recent genetic findings within the invasive European starlings in Australia, and outline some critical next steps within this research system. Further, we use discoveries within this study system to guide discussion of pressing future research directions more generally within the fields of population and evolutionary genetics, including the use of historic specimens, phenotypic data, non-SNP genetic variants (e.g., structural variants), and pan-genomes. In particular, we emphasise the need for exploratory genomics studies across a range of invasive taxa so we can begin understanding broad mechanisms that underpin rapid adaptation in these systems. Understanding how genetic diversity arises and is maintained in a population, and how this contributes to adaptability, requires a deep understanding of how evolution functions at the molecular level, and is of fundamental importance for the future studies and preservation of biodiversity across the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina C. Stuart
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Katarina C. Stuart,
| | - William B. Sherwin
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J. Edwards
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vulnerability of non-native invasive plants to novel pathogen attack: do plant traits matter? Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
9
|
Liu W, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang Y. Does the effect of flowering time on biomass allocation across latitudes differ between invasive and native salt marsh grass
Spartina alterniflora
? Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8681. [PMID: 35309742 PMCID: PMC8901870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel latitudinal clines in flowering time have been documented in both the invasive and native ranges of plants. Furthermore, flowering time has been found to affect biomass at maturity. Therefore, understanding how these flowering times affect biomass accumulation across latitudes is essential to understanding plant adaptations and distributions. We investigated and compared trends in first flowering day (FFD), aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and BGB:AGB ratio of the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora along latitudinal gradients from the invasive (China, 19–40°N) and native range (United States, 27–43°N) in a greenhouse common garden experiment, and tested whether FFD would drive these divergences between invasive and native ranges. The invasive populations produced more (~20%, ~19%) AGB and BGB than native populations, but there were no significant differences in the FFD and BGB:AGB ratio. We found significant parallel latitudinal clines in FFD in both invasive and native ranges. In addition, the BGB:AGB ratio was negatively correlated with the FFD in both the invasive and native ranges but nonsignificant in invasive populations. In contrast, AGB and BGB increased with latitude in the invasive range, but declined with latitude in the native range. Most interestingly, we found AGB and BGB positively correlated with the FFD in the native range, but no significant relationships in the invasive range. Our results indirectly support the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis (EICA) that S. alterniflora has evolved to produce greater AGB and BGB in China, but the flowering and allocation pattern of native populations is maintained in the invasive range. Our results also suggest that invasive S. alterniflora in China is not constrained by the trade‐off of earlier flowering with smaller size, and that flowering time has played an important role in biomass allocation across latitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Fujian China
| | - Xincong Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Fujian China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Fujian China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Querns A, Wooliver R, Vallejo‐Marín M, Sheth SN. The evolution of thermal performance in native and invasive populations of
Mimulus guttatus. Evol Lett 2022; 6:136-148. [PMID: 35386831 PMCID: PMC8967274 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of globalization has spread organisms beyond their natural range, allowing further opportunity for species to adapt to novel environments and potentially become invaders. Yet, the role of thermal niche evolution in promoting the success of invasive species remains poorly understood. Here, we use thermal performance curves (TPCs) to test hypotheses about thermal adaptation during the invasion process. First, we tested the hypothesis that if species largely conserve their thermal niche in the introduced range, invasive populations may not evolve distinct TPCs relative to native populations, against the alternative hypothesis that thermal niche and therefore TPC evolution has occurred in the invasive range. Second, we tested the hypothesis that clines of TPC parameters are shallower or absent in the invasive range, against the alternative hypothesis that with sufficient time, standing genetic variation, and temperature‐mediated selection, invasive populations would re‐establish clines found in the native range in response to temperature gradients. To test these hypotheses, we built TPCs for 18 native (United States) and 13 invasive (United Kingdom) populations of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. We grew clones of multiple genotypes per population at six temperature regimes in growth chambers. We found that invasive populations have not evolved different thermal optima or performance breadths, providing evidence for evolutionary stasis of thermal performance between the native and invasive ranges after over 200 years post introduction. Thermal optimum increased with mean annual temperature in the native range, indicating some adaptive differentiation among native populations that was absent in the invasive range. Further, native and invasive populations did not exhibit adaptive clines in thermal performance breadth with latitude or temperature seasonality. These findings suggest that TPCs remained unaltered post invasion, and that invasion may proceed via broad thermal tolerance and establishment in already climatically suitable areas rather than rapid evolution upon introduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleah Querns
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506
| | - Rachel Wooliver
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee 37996
| | - Mario Vallejo‐Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA United Kingdom
| | - Seema Nayan Sheth
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Suárez JC, Contreras AT, Anzola JA, Vanegas JI, Rao IM. Physiological Characteristics of Cultivated Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) and Its Wild Relatives Grown at High Temperature and Acid Soil Stress Conditions in the Amazon Region of Colombia. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010116. [PMID: 35009119 PMCID: PMC8747739 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is sensitive to different types of abiotic stresses (drought, high temperature, low soil fertility, and acid soil), and this may limit its adaptation and consequently to its yield under stress. Because of this, a sister species, tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), has recently gained attention in breeding for improved abiotic stress tolerance in common bean. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation of 302 accessions of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) and its wild relatives (grouped in four types of tepary bean genetic resource: cultivated, acutifolius regressive, acutifolius wild, tenuifolius wild) when grown under high temperature and acid soil conditions with aluminum toxicity in the Amazon region of Colombia. Our objective was to determine differences among four types of tepary bean genetic resource in their morpho-phenological, agronomic, and physiological responses to combined high temperature and acid soil stress conditions. We found that cultivated P. acutifolius var acutifolius presented a greater number of pods per plant, as well as larger seeds and a greater number of seeds per pod. Some traits, such as root biomass, days to flowering and physiological maturity, specific leaf area, and stomatal density, showed significant differences between types of tepary bean genetic resource, probably contributing to difference in adaptation to combined stress conditions of high temperature and acid soil conditions. The photochemical quenching (qP) was higher in cultivated P. acutifolius var. acutifolius, while energy dissipation by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the form of heat and the coefficient of non-photochemical dissipation (qN) were higher in acutifolius regressive and tenuifolius wild accessions. We have identified 6 accessions of cultivated and 19 accessions of tenuifolius wild that exhibited grain yields above 1800 kg ha−1. These accessions could be suitable to use as parents to improve dry seed production of tepary bean under combined stress conditions of high temperature and acid soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Suárez
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (A.T.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.I.V.)
- Programa de Maestría en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Agroecosistemas y Conservación en Bosques Amazónicos-GAIA, Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas CIMAZ Macagual César Augusto Estrada González, Florencia 180001, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-280-4455
| | - Amara Tatiana Contreras
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (A.T.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.I.V.)
- Programa de Maestría en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
| | - José Alexander Anzola
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (A.T.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.I.V.)
| | - José Iván Vanegas
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (A.T.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.I.V.)
| | - Idupulapati M. Rao
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu M, Pan Y, Pan X, Sosa A, Blumenthal DM, Van Kleunen M, Li B. Plant invasion alters latitudinal pattern of plant-defense syndromes. Ecology 2021; 102:e03511. [PMID: 34355383 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between herbivory and latitude may differ between native and introduced populations of invasive plants, which can generate latitudinal heterogeneity in the strength of enemy release. However, still little is known about how latitudinal heterogeneity in herbivore pressure influences latitudinal variation in defense phenotypes of invasive plants. We tested how latitudinal patterns in multi-variate defense syndromes differed between native (Argentinian) and introduced (Chinese) populations of the invasive herb Alternanthera philoxeroides. In addition, to better understand the drivers underlying latitudinal patterns, we also tested whether associations of defense syndromes with climate and herbivory differed between native and introduced ranges. We found that native plant populations clustered into three main defense syndromes associated with latitude. In contrast, we only found two defense syndromes in the introduced range. One matched the high-latitude syndrome from the native range, but was distributed at both the northern and southern range limits in the introduced range. The other was unique to the introduced range and occurred at mid-latitudes. Climatic conditions were associated with variation in syndromes in the native range, and climatic conditions and herbivory were associated with variation in syndromes in the introduced range. Together, our results demonstrate that plants may under the new environmental conditions in the introduced range show latitudinal patterns of defense syndromes that are different from those in their native range. This emphasizes that geographical dependence of population differentiation should be explicitly considered in studies on the evolution of defense in invasive plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanfei Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China.,Tibet University - Fudan University Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity and Global Change, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Alejandro Sosa
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, 999071, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 999071, Argentina
| | - Dana M Blumenthal
- Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, USA
| | - Mark Van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao L, Wei C, Xu H, Liu X, Siemann E, Lu X. Latitudinal variation in the diversity and composition of various organisms associated with an exotic plant: the role of climate and plant invasion. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1559-1569. [PMID: 34018617 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate and plant invasion can shape biotic communities at large spatial scales. Yet, how diverse groups of organisms associated with an invasive plant change simultaneously with latitude and the roles of climate and plant invasion remains unclear. We conducted a field survey of plants (native vs exotic), soil fungi (pathogenic, saprotrophic, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi) and arthropods (herbivores, predators and detritivores) associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides at 49 sites spanning 14 latitudinal degrees in China. Results showed that diversity and composition of these functional groups changed differently with latitude, partially due to their specific responses to climate, invasion of A. philoxeroides and other biotic environments. Moreover, A. philoxeroides invasion and/or composition of other plants, rather than climate, predicted the diversity and richness of major functional groups and partly explained variance in composition of putative fungal pathogens. Our results suggest that climate and plant invasion could affect the diversity and composition of diverse groups of organisms simultaneously and their relative importance might vary among functional groups. Thus, it is necessary to explore latitudinal patterns and underlying drivers of diverse groups of organisms simultaneously to improve our ability to predict and mitigate threats posed by plant invasion and climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lunlun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- Institute of Invasion Biology, Agriculture & Ecological Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Chunqiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, 430079, China
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- Institute of Invasion Biology, Agriculture & Ecological Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Invasion Biology, Agriculture & Ecological Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xinmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- Institute of Invasion Biology, Agriculture & Ecological Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harms NE, Cronin JT, Gaskin JF. Increased ploidy of Butomus umbellatus in introduced populations is not associated with higher phenotypic plasticity to N and P. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab045. [PMID: 34394906 PMCID: PMC8356175 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Separate introductions or post-introduction evolution may lead to multiple invader genotypes or cytotypes that differ in growth rates, biomass or chemical profile responses (phenotype) to a range of environments. If the invader has high trait plasticity to a range of resource levels, then sediment N or P enrichment may enhance invasiveness. However, the ways in which ploidy, plasticity, and available N or P interact are unknown for most species despite the potential to explain spread and impacts by invaders with multiple introduced lineages. We conducted a common garden experiment with four triploid and six diploid populations of Butomus umbellatus, collected from across its invasive range in the USA. Plants were grown under different N or P nutrient levels (4, 40, 200, 400 mg L-1 N; 0.4, 4, 40 mg L-1 P) and we measured reaction norms for biomass, clonal reproduction and tissue chemistry. Contrary to our expectation, triploid B. umbellatus plants were less plastic to variation in N or P than diploid B. umbellatus in most measured traits. Diploid plants produced 172 % more reproductive biomass and 57 % more total biomass across levels of N, and 158 % more reproductive biomass and 33 % more total biomass across P than triploid plants. Triploid plants had lower shoot:root ratios and produced 30 % and 150 % more root biomass than diploid plants in response to increases in N and P, respectively. Tissue chemistry differed between cytotypes but plasticity was similar; N was 8 % higher and C:N ratio was 30 % lower in triploid than diploid plants across levels of N and plant parts, and N was 22 % higher and C:N ratio 27 % lower across levels of P and plant parts. Our results highlight differences in nutrient response between cytotypes of a widespread invader, and we call for additional field studies to better understand the interaction of nutrients and ploidy during invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Harms
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - John F Gaskin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1500 N. Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Consistent pattern of higher lability of leaves from high latitudes for both native
Phragmites australis
and exotic
Spartina alterniflora. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Simón-Porcar VI, Silva JL, Vallejo-Marín M. Rapid local adaptation in both sexual and asexual invasive populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:655-668. [PMID: 33604608 PMCID: PMC8052927 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traditionally, local adaptation has been seen as the outcome of a long evolutionary history, particularly with regard to sexual lineages. By contrast, phenotypic plasticity has been thought to be most important during the initial stages of population establishment and in asexual species. We evaluated the roles of adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the invasive success of two closely related species of invasive monkeyflowers (Mimulus) in the UK that have contrasting reproductive strategies: M. guttatus combines sexual (seeds) and asexual (clonal growth) reproduction while M. × robertsii is entirely asexual. METHODS We compared the clonality (number of stolons), floral and vegetative phenotype, and phenotypic plasticity of native (M. guttatus) and invasive (M. guttatus and M. × robertsii) populations grown in controlled environment chambers under the environmental conditions at each latitudinal extreme of the UK. The goal was to discern the roles of temperature and photoperiod on the expression of phenotypic traits. Next, we tested the existence of local adaptation in the two species within the invasive range with a reciprocal transplant experiment at two field sites in the latitudinal extremes of the UK, and analysed which phenotypic traits underlie potential local fitness advantages in each species. KEY RESULTS Populations of M. guttatus in the UK showed local adaptation through sexual function (fruit production), while M. × robertsii showed local adaptation via asexual function (stolon production). Phenotypic selection analyses revealed that different traits are associated with fitness in each species. Invasive and native populations of M. guttatus had similar phenotypic plasticity and clonality. M. × robertsii presents greater plasticity and clonality than native M. guttatus, but most populations have restricted clonality under the warm conditions of the south of the UK. CONCLUSIONS This study provides experimental evidence of local adaptation in a strictly asexual invasive species with high clonality and phenotypic plasticity. This indicates that even asexual taxa can rapidly (<200 years) adapt to novel environmental conditions in which alternative strategies may not ensure the persistence of populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I Simón-Porcar
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose L Silva
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang Y, Liu M, Pan Y, Huang H, Pan X, Sosa A, Hou Y, Zhu Z, Li B. Rapid evolution of latitudinal clines in growth and defence of an invasive weed. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:845-856. [PMID: 33454953 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Re-establishment of heritable latitudinal clines in growth-related traits has been recognised as evidence for adaptive evolution in invasive plants. However, less information is known about latitudinal clines in defence and joint clinal evolution of growth and defence in invasive plants. We planted 14 native Argentinean populations and 14 introduced Chinese populations of Alternanthera philoxeroides in replicate common gardens in China. We investigated the latitudinal clines of traits related to growth and defence, and plasticity of these traits in relation to experiment site and soil nitrogen. We found that chemical defence decreased with latitude in introduced populations but increased with latitude in native populations. For growth rate, latitudinal clines were positive in introduced populations but nonexistent in native populations. There were also parallel positive latitudinal clines in total/shoot biomass and specific leaf area. Experiment site affected the occurrence or magnitude of latitudinal clines in growth rate, branch intensity and triterpenoid saponins concentration. Introduced populations were more plastic to experiment site and soil nitrogen than native populations. We provide evidence for rapid evolution of clines in growth and defence in an invasive plant. Altered herbivory gradients and trade-off between growth and defence may explain nonparallel clines between the native and introduced ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mu Liu
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanfei Pan
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heyan Huang
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
- Tibet University - Fudan University Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity and Global Change, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Alejandro Sosa
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, 999071, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 999071, Argentina
| | - Yuping Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhengcai Zhu
- Guangzhou Zengcheng Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wulff JL. Targeted predator defenses of sponges shape community organization and tropical marine ecosystem function. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janie L. Wulff
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida32306‐4295USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xiao L, Ding J, Zhang J, Huang W, Siemann E. Chemical responses of an invasive plant to herbivory and abiotic environments reveal a novel invasion mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140452. [PMID: 32886966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plant environments differ along latitudes and between native and introduced ranges. In response to herbivory and abiotic stresses that vary with latitudes and between ranges, invasive plants may shift their secondary chemicals to facilitate invasion success. However, it remains unclear whether and how invasive plant chemical responses to herbivory and chemical responses to abiotic environments are associated. We conducted large scale field surveys of herbivory on the invasive tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) along latitudes in both its native (China) and introduced ranges (United States) and collected leaf samples for analyses of tannins and flavonoids. We used data on climate and solar radiation to examine these chemical responses to abiotic environments and their variations along these latitudes and between ranges. We also re-analyzed previously published data from multiple common garden experiments on tallow tree to investigate genetic divergence of secondary chemical concentrations between introduced and native populations. We found foliar tannins and herbivory (chewing, sucking) were higher in the native range compared to the invasive range. Allocation to tannins versus flavonoids decreased with latitude in the native range but did not vary in the invasive range. Analyses of previously published common garden experimental data indicated genetic divergence contributes to chemical concentration differences between ranges. Our field data further indicated that the latitudinal patterns were primarily phenotypic responses to herbivory in China while in US they were primarily phenotypic responses to abiotic environments. The variation of tannins may be linked to flavonoids, given tannins and flavonoids share a biosynthesis pathway. Together, our results suggest that invasive plants adjust their secondary metabolism to decrease chemicals that primarily defend against herbivory and increase those that help them to respond to their abiotic environment. These findings deepen our understanding of how invasive plants adapt to biogeographically heterogeneous environments through trade-offs between secondary chemical responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in Southern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Croy JR, Meyerson LA, Allen WJ, Bhattarai GP, Cronin JT. Lineage and latitudinal variation inPhragmites australistolerance to herbivory: implications for invasion success. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Croy
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Dept of Natural Resource Sciences, Univ. of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA
| | - Warwick J. Allen
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
- The Bio‐Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Ganesh P. Bhattarai
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
- Dept of Entomology, Kansas State Univ. Manhattan KS USA
| | - James T. Cronin
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Meyerson LA, Pyšek P, Lučanová M, Wigginton S, Tran C, Cronin JT. Plant genome size influences stress tolerance of invasive and native plants via plasticity. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science The University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences CZ‐252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 CZ‐128 44 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Lučanová
- Department of Evolutionary Biology of Plants Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences CZ‐252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia CZ‐370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Sara Wigginton
- Department of Natural Resources Science The University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - Cao‐Tri Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - James T. Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Li B, Wu J, Pennings SC. Contrasting latitudinal clines of nematode diversity in
Spartina alterniflora
salt marshes between native and introduced ranges. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youzheng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco‐Chongming School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco‐Chongming School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jihua Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco‐Chongming School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Steven C. Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to invade communities in a variety of habitats (e.g., along a depth gradient) may facilitate establishment and spread of invasive plants, but how multiple lineages of a species perform under varying conditions is understudied. A series of greenhouse common garden experiments were conducted in which six diploid and four triploid populations of the aquatic invasive plant Butomus umbellatus L. (Butomaceae) were grown in submersed or emergent conditions, in monoculture or in a multispecies community, to compare establishment and productivity of cytotypes under competition. Diploid biomass overall was 12 times higher than triploids in the submersed experiment and three times higher in the emergent experiment. Diploid shoot:root ratio was double that of triploid plants in submersed conditions overall, and double in emergent conditions in monoculture. Relative interaction intensities (RII) indicated that triploid plants were sixteen times more negatively impacted by competition under submersed conditions but diploid plants were twice as impacted under emergent conditions. Recipient communities were similarly negatively impacted by B. umbellatus cytotypes. This study supports the idea that diploid and triploid B. umbellatus plants are equally capable of invading emergent communities, but that diploid plants may be better adapted for invading in submersed habitats. However, consistently lower shoot:root ratios in both monoculture and in communities suggests that triploid plants may be better-adapted competitors in the long term due to increased resource allocation to roots. This represents the first examination into the role of cytotype and habitat on competitive interactions of B. umbellatus.
Collapse
|
24
|
Liao ZY, Scheepens JF, Li QM, Wang WB, Feng YL, Zheng YL. Founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to invasion success of a genetically impoverished invader. Oecologia 2019; 192:105-118. [PMID: 31792607 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms may act synergistically to promote success of invasive plants. Here, we tested the roles of three non-mutually exclusive mechanisms-founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity-in promoting invasion of Chromolaena odorata. We performed a common garden experiment to investigate phenotypic diversification and phenotypic plasticity of the genetically impoverished invader in response to two rainfall treatments (ambient and 50% rainfall). We used ancestor-descendant comparisons to determine post-introduction evolution and the QST-FST approach to estimate past selection on phenotypic traits. We found that eight traits differed significantly between plants from the invasive versus native ranges, for two of which founder effects can be inferred and for six of which post-introduction evolution can be inferred. The invader experienced strong diversifying selection in the invasive range and showed clinal variations in six traits along water and/or temperature gradients. These clinal variations are likely attributed to post-introduction evolution rather than multiple introductions of pre-adapted genotypes, as most of the clinal variations were absent or in opposite directions from those for native populations. Compared with populations, rainfall treatments explained only small proportions of total variations in all studied traits for plants from both ranges, highlighting the importance of heritable phenotypic differentiation. In addition, phenotypic plasticity was similar for plants from both ranges although neutral genetic diversity was much lower for plants from the invasive range. Our results showed that founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity may function synergistically in promoting invasion success of C. odorata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.,Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Qiao-Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Bin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yu-Long Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China. .,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu X, He M, Tang S, Wu Y, Shao X, Wei H, Siemann E, Ding J. Herbivory may promote a non-native plant invasion at low but not high latitudes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:819-827. [PMID: 31318017 PMCID: PMC6868397 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The strengths of biotic interactions such as herbivory are expected to decrease with increasing latitude for native species. To what extent this applies to invasive species and what the consequences of this variation are for competition among native and invasive species remain unexplored. Here, herbivore impacts on the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its competition with the native congener A. sessilis were estimated across latitudes in China. METHODS An common garden experiment spanning ten latitudinal degrees was conducted to test how herbivore impacts on A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis, and competition between them change with latitude. In addition, a field survey was conducted from 21°N to 36.8°N to test whether A. philoxeroides invasiveness changes with latitude in nature as a result of variations in herbivory. KEY RESULTS In the experiment, A. sessilis cover was significantly higher than A. philoxeroides cover when they competed in the absence of herbivores, but otherwise their cover was comparable at low latitude. However, A. philoxeroides cover was always higher on average than A. sessilis cover at middle latitude. At high latitude, only A. sessilis emerged in the second year. Herbivore abundance decreased with latitude and A. philoxeroides emerged earlier than A. sessilis at middle latitude. In the field survey, the ratio of A. philoxeroides to A. sessilis cover was hump shaped with latitude. CONCLUSION These results indicate that herbivory may promote A. philoxeroides invasion only at low latitude by altering the outcome of competition in favour of the invader and point to the importance of other factors, such as earlier emergence, in A. philoxeroides invasion at higher latitudes. These results suggest that the key factors promoting plant invasions might change with latitude, highlighting the importance of teasing apart the roles of multiple factors in plant invasions within a biogeographic framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- For correspondence. E-mail ,
| | - Minyan He
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Saichun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Herden J, Eckert S, Stift M, Joshi J, van Kleunen M. No evidence for local adaptation and an epigenetic underpinning in native and non-native ruderal plant species in Germany. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9412-9426. [PMID: 31534665 PMCID: PMC6745855 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many invasive species have rapidly adapted to different environments in their new ranges. This is surprising, as colonization is usually associated with reduced genetic variation. Heritable phenotypic variation with an epigenetic basis may explain this paradox.Here, we assessed the contribution of DNA methylation to local adaptation in native and naturalized non-native ruderal plant species in Germany. We reciprocally transplanted offspring from natural populations of seven native and five non-native plant species between the Konstanz region in the south and the Potsdam region in the north of Germany. Before the transplant, half of the seeds were treated with the demethylation agent zebularine. We recorded survival, flowering probability, and biomass production as fitness estimates.Contrary to our expectations, we found little evidence for local adaptation, both among the native and among the non-native plant species. Zebularine treatment had mostly negative effects on overall plant performance, regardless of whether plants were local or not, and regardless of whether they were native or non-native. Synthesis. We conclude that local adaptation, at least at the scale of our study, plays no major role in the success of non-native and native ruderal plants. Consequently, we found no evidence yet for an epigenetic basis of local adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Herden
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Silvia Eckert
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Marc Stift
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Jasmin Joshi
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Institute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Institute for Landscape and Open SpaceHochschule für Technik Rapperswil (HSR)RapperswilSwitzerland
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The independent effects of nutrient enrichment and pulsed nutrient delivery on a common wetland invader and its native conspecific. Oecologia 2019; 191:447-460. [PMID: 31468198 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human activities often lead natural systems to be nutrient enriched, with anthropogenically derived nutrients commonly delivered in discrete pulses. Both nutrient enrichment and nutrient pulses can impact plant performance and phenotypic plasticity, especially in invasive species, but quantifying their independent effects remains challenging. To explore the effects of nutrient enrichment and nutrient pulse magnitude, we established a common garden experiment using the North American wetland invader Phragmites australis and its native conspecific Phragmites australis subsp. americanus (five source populations each). We exposed plants to three levels of nutrient enrichment that were delivered either in small or large-magnitude pulses, examining productivity and plasticity responses over a single growing season. Productivity and biomass allocation differed by lineage, with invasive Phragmites producing 73% more biomass and 66% more culms, but with the native growing 31% taller and allocating more of its biomass belowground. Contrary to expectations, both lineages responded similarly to nutrient enrichment and were similarly plastic in their traits. Nutrient enrichment, rather than nutrient pulses, led to large productivity gains and trait plasticity magnitudes. However, total biomass and leaf-level traits (specific leaf area and chlorophyll concentration) were responsive to variation in nutrient pulse magnitudes. By decoupling the effects of nutrient enrichment from nutrient pulses, our study demonstrates the independent effects of these two key factors for plant performance and, by extension, invasion success. We report trait-based similarities between two lineages of Phragmites that play contrasting ecological roles in North American wetlands, and we highlight the potentially detrimental effects of nutrient pulses.
Collapse
|
28
|
Banerjee AK, Guo W, Huang Y. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of phenotypic variation in invasive plants – linking research trends towards a unified framework. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.49.33723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic variation in the introduced range of an invasive species can be modified by genetic variation, environmental conditions and their interaction, as well as stochastic events like genetic drift. Recent studies found that epigenetic modifications may also contribute to phenotypic variation being independent of genetic changes. Despite gaining profound ecological insights from empirical studies, understanding the relative contributions of these molecular mechanisms behind phenotypic variation has received little attention for invasive plant species in particular.
This review therefore aimed at summarizing and synthesizing information on the genetic and epigenetic basis of phenotypic variation of alien invasive plants in the introduced range and their evolutionary consequences. Transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic modifications was highlighted focusing on its influence on microevolution of the invasive plant species. We presented a comprehensive account of epigenetic regulation of phenotypic variation and its role in plant invasion in the presence of reduced standing genetic variation, inbreeding depression and associated genomic events which have often been observed during introduction and range expansion of an invasive alien species. Finally, taking clues from the studies conducted so far, we proposed a unified framework of future experimental approaches to understand ecological and evolutionary aspects of phenotypic variation. This holistic approach, being aligned to the invasion process in particular (introduction-establishment-spread), was intended to understand the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variation of an invasive species in its introduced range and to disentangle the effects of standing genetic variation and epigenetic regulation of phenotypic variation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Evidence does not support the targeting of cryptic invaders at the subspecies level using classical biological control: the example of Phragmites. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
30
|
Zhang Y, Pennings SC, Li B, Wu J. Biotic homogenization of wetland nematode communities by exotic
Spartina alterniflora
in China. Ecology 2019; 100:e02596. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youzheng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco‐Chongming School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Steven C. Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco‐Chongming School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jihua Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco‐Chongming School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang Y, Fan G, Zhou D, Pang J. Phenotypic plasticity of four Chenopodiaceae species with contrasting saline-sodic tolerance in response to increased salinity-sodicity. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1545-1553. [PMID: 30847054 PMCID: PMC6392380 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether phenotypic plasticity in fitness-related traits is associated with salinity-sodicity tolerance. This study compared growth and allocation phenotypic plasticity in two species with low salinity-sodicity tolerance (Chenopodium acuminatum and C. stenophyllum) and two species with high salinity-sodicity tolerance (Suaeda glauca and S. salsa) in a pot experiment in the Songnen grassland, China. While the species with low tolerance had higher growth and allocation plasticity than the highly tolerant species, the highly tolerant species only adjusted their growth traits and maintained higher fitness (e.g., plant height and total biomass) in response to increased soil salinity-sodicity, with low biomass allocation plasticity. Most plasticity is "apparent" plasticity (ontogenetic change), and only a few traits, for example, plant height:stem diameter ratio and root:shoot biomass ratio, represent "real" plasticity (real change in response to the environment). Our results show that phenotypic plasticity was negatively correlated with saline-sodic tolerance and could be used as an index of species sensitivity to soil salinity-sodicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Huang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Gaohua Fan
- Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Daowei Zhou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Jiayin Pang
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu X, He M, Ding J, Siemann E. Latitudinal variation in soil biota: testing the biotic interaction hypothesis with an invasive plant and a native congener. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2811-2822. [PMID: 30013163 PMCID: PMC6246596 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil biota community structure can change with latitude, but the effects of changes on native plants, invasive plants, and their herbivores remain unclear. Here, we examined latitudinal variation in the soil biota community associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis, and the effects of soil biota community variation on these plants and the beetle Agasicles hygrophila. We characterized the soil bacterial and fungal communities and root-knot nematodes of plant rhizospheres collected from 22 °N to 36.6 °N in China. Soil biota community structure changed with latitude as a function of climate and soil properties. Root-knot nematode abundance and potential soil fungal pathogen diversity (classified with FUNGuild) decreased with latitude, apparently due to higher soil pH and lower temperatures. A greenhouse experiment and lab bioassay showed native plant mass, seed production, and mass of beetles fed native foliage increased with soil collection latitude. However, there were no latitudinal patterns for the invasive plant. These results suggest that invasive and native plants and, consequently, their herbivores have different responses to latitudinal changes in soil-borne enemies, potentially creating spatial variation in enemy release or biotic resistance. This highlights the importance of linking above- and below-ground multitrophic interactions to explore the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions with a biogeographic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Minyan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wosula EN, Chen W, Fei Z, Legg JP. Unravelling the Genetic Diversity among Cassava Bemisia tabaci Whiteflies Using NextRAD Sequencing. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:2958-2973. [PMID: 29096025 PMCID: PMC5714214 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci threatens production of cassava in Africa through vectoring viruses that cause cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). B. tabaci sampled from cassava in eight countries in Africa were genotyped using NextRAD sequencing, and their phylogeny and population genetics were investigated using the resultant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. SNP marker data and short sequences of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) obtained from the same insect were compared. Eight genetically distinct groups were identified based on mtCOI, whereas phylogenetic analysis using SNPs identified six major groups, which were further confirmed by PCA and multidimensional analyses. STRUCTURE analysis identified four ancestral B. tabaci populations that have contributed alleles to the six SNP-based groups. Significant gene flows were detected between several of the six SNP-based groups. Evidence of gene flow was strongest for SNP-based groups occurring in central Africa. Comparison of the mtCOI and SNP identities of sampled insects provided a strong indication that hybrid populations are emerging in parts of Africa recently affected by the severe CMD pandemic. This study reveals that mtCOI is not an effective marker at distinguishing cassava-colonizing B. tabaci haplogroups, and that more robust SNP-based multilocus markers should be developed. Significant gene flows between populations could lead to the emergence of haplogroups that might alter the dynamics of cassava virus spread and disease severity in Africa. Continuous monitoring of genetic compositions of whitefly populations should be an essential component in efforts to combat cassava viruses in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everlyne N Wosula
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York.,USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York
| | - James P Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sakata Y, Craig TP, Itami JK, Ikemoto M, Utsumi S, Ohgushi T. Evolutionary and environmental effects on the geographical adaptation of herbivory resistance in native and introduced Solidago altissima populations. Evol Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-018-9954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Hovick SM, McArdle A, Harrison SK, Regnier EE. A mosaic of phenotypic variation in giant ragweed ( Ambrosia trifida): Local- and continental-scale patterns in a range-expanding agricultural weed. Evol Appl 2018; 11:995-1009. [PMID: 29928305 PMCID: PMC5999201 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial patterns of trait variation across a species' range have implications for population success and evolutionary change potential, particularly in range-expanding and weedy species that encounter distinct selective pressures at large and small spatial scales simultaneously. We investigated intraspecific trait variation in a common garden experiment with giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), a highly variable agricultural weed with an expanding geographic range and broad ecological amplitude. Our study included paired populations from agricultural and natural riparian habitats in each of seven regions ranging east to west from the core of the species' distribution in central Ohio to southeastern Minnesota, which is nearer the current invasion front. We observed trait variation across both large- and small-scale putative selective gradients. At large scales, giant ragweed populations from the westernmost locations were nearly four times more fecund and had a nearly 50% increase in reproductive allocation compared to populations from the core. The degree of surface texture on fruits also declined from east to west. Greater fecundity in the west represents a putative trade-off between fruit size and fruit number across the study region, although no such trade-off was found across individual plants. This pattern may effectively result in greater propagule pressure closer to the invasion front. At smaller spatial scales, plants from agricultural populations emerged later and were smaller than plants from riparian populations. However, because plants from agricultural populations allocated more biomass to reproduction, total fecundity did not differ across habitats. Our emergence data are consistent with previous observations showing delayed emergence in agricultural compared to natural populations; thus evolutionary change may be predictable as giant ragweed continues spreading into agricultural fields throughout North America. These shifts in life-history strategy apparently bear no fecundity cost, suggesting that giant ragweed's success can be attributed at least in part to its substantial adaptive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Hovick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Andrea McArdle
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - S. Kent Harrison
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Emilie E. Regnier
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guo WY, Lambertini C, Pyšek P, Meyerson LA, Brix H. Living in two worlds: Evolutionary mechanisms act differently in the native and introduced ranges of an invasive plant. Ecol Evol 2018. [PMID: 29531666 PMCID: PMC5838077 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the factors that influence spatial genetic structure among populations can provide insights into the evolution of invasive plants. In this study, we used the common reed (Phragmites australis), a grass native in Europe and invading North America, to examine the relative importance of geographic, environmental (represented by climate here), and human effects on population genetic structure and its changes during invasion. We collected samples of P. australis from both the invaded North American and native European ranges and used molecular markers to investigate the population genetic structure within and between ranges. We used path analysis to identify the contributions of each of the three factors-geographic, environmental, and human-related-to the formation of spatial genetic patterns. Genetic differentiation was observed between the introduced and native populations, and their genetic structure in the native and introduced ranges was different. There were strong effects of geography and environment on the genetic structure of populations in the native range, but the human-related factors manifested through colonization of anthropogenic habitats in the introduced range counteracted the effects of environment. The between-range genetic differences among populations were mainly explained by the heterogeneous environment between the ranges, with the coefficient 2.6 times higher for the environment than that explained by the geographic distance. Human activities were the primary contributor to the genetic structure of the introduced populations. The significant environmental divergence between ranges and the strong contribution of human activities to the genetic structure in the introduced range suggest that invasive populations of P. australis have evolved to adapt to a different climate and to human-made habitats in North America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Guo
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic.,Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Carla Lambertini
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark.,Department of Agricultural Science University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Natural Resources Science The University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Eller F, Skálová H, Caplan JS, Bhattarai GP, Burger MK, Cronin JT, Guo WY, Guo X, Hazelton ELG, Kettenring KM, Lambertini C, McCormick MK, Meyerson LA, Mozdzer TJ, Pyšek P, Sorrell BK, Whigham DF, Brix H. Cosmopolitan Species As Models for Ecophysiological Responses to Global Change: The Common Reed Phragmites australis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1833. [PMID: 29250081 PMCID: PMC5715336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan grass and often the dominant species in the ecosystems it inhabits. Due to high intraspecific diversity and phenotypic plasticity, P. australis has an extensive ecological amplitude and a great capacity to acclimate to adverse environmental conditions; it can therefore offer valuable insights into plant responses to global change. Here we review the ecology and ecophysiology of prominent P. australis lineages and their responses to multiple forms of global change. Key findings of our review are that: (1) P. australis lineages are well-adapted to regions of their phylogeographic origin and therefore respond differently to changes in climatic conditions such as temperature or atmospheric CO2; (2) each lineage consists of populations that may occur in geographically different habitats and contain multiple genotypes; (3) the phenotypic plasticity of functional and fitness-related traits of a genotype determine the responses to global change factors; (4) genotypes with high plasticity to environmental drivers may acclimate or even vastly expand their ranges, genotypes of medium plasticity must acclimate or experience range-shifts, and those with low plasticity may face local extinction; (5) responses to ancillary types of global change, like shifting levels of soil salinity, flooding, and drought, are not consistent within lineages and depend on adaptation of individual genotypes. These patterns suggest that the diverse lineages of P. australis will undergo intense selective pressure in the face of global change such that the distributions and interactions of co-occurring lineages, as well as those of genotypes within-lineages, are very likely to be altered. We propose that the strong latitudinal clines within and between P. australis lineages can be a useful tool for predicting plant responses to climate change in general and present a conceptual framework for using P. australis lineages to predict plant responses to global change and its consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Eller
- Aquatic Biology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hana Skálová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Joshua S. Caplan
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Temple University, Ambler, PA, United States
| | - Ganesh P. Bhattarai
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Melissa K. Burger
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - James T. Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Eric L. G. Hazelton
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Karin M. Kettenring
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Carla Lambertini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Thomas J. Mozdzer
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, United States
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Brian K. Sorrell
- Aquatic Biology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dennis F. Whigham
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, United States
| | - Hans Brix
- Aquatic Biology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bhattarai GP, Meyerson LA, Cronin JT. Geographic variation in apparent competition between native and invasive Phragmites australis. Ecology 2017; 98:349-358. [PMID: 27861789 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Apparent competition, the negative interaction between species mediated by shared natural enemies, is thought to play an important role in shaping the structure and dynamics of natural communities. However, its importance in driving species invasions, and whether the strength of this indirect interaction varies across the latitudinal range of the invasion, has not been fully explored. We performed replicated field experiments at four sites spanning 900 km along the Atlantic Coast of the United States to assess the presence and strength of apparent competition between sympatric native and invasive lineages of Phragmites australis. Four herbivore guilds were considered: stem-feeders, leaf-miners, leaf-chewers and aphids. We also tested the hypothesis that the strength of this interaction declines with increasing latitude. Within each site, native and invasive plants of P. australis were cross-transplanted between co-occurring native and invasive patches in the same marsh habitat and herbivore damage was evaluated at the end of the growing season. Apparent competition was evident for both lineages and involved all but the leaf-chewer guild. For native plants, total aphids per plant was 296% higher and the incidence of stem-feeding and leaf-mining herbivores was 34% and 221% higher, respectively, when transplanted into invasive than native patches. These data suggest that invasive P. australis has a negative effect on native P. australis via apparent competition. Averaged among herbivore types, the indirect effects of the invasive lineage on the native lineage was 57% higher than the reverse situation, suggesting that apparent competition was asymmetric. We also found that the strength of apparent competition acting against the native lineage was comparable to the benefits to the invasive lineage from enemy release (i.e., proportionately lower mean herbivory of the invasive relative to the native taxa). Finally, we found the first evidence that the strength of apparent competition acting against the native lineage (from stem-feeders only) decreased with increasing latitude. These results suggest that not only could apparent competition be of tantamount importance to enemy release in enhancing the establishment and spread of invasive taxa, but also that these indirect and direct herbivore effects could vary over the invasion range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh P Bhattarai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Meyerson LA, Cronin JT, Bhattarai GP, Brix H, Lambertini C, Lučanová M, Rinehart S, Suda J, Pyšek P. Do ploidy level and nuclear genome size and latitude of origin modify the expression of Phragmites australis traits and interactions with herbivores? Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|