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Felisberto JS, Machado DB, Assunção JAS, Massau SAS, de Queiroz GA, Guimarães EF, Ramos YJ, Moreira DDL. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Volatile Metabolites as an Eco-Physiological Response of a Native Species in the Tropical Forest. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2599. [PMID: 39339574 PMCID: PMC11435382 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the essential oil (EO) composition of Piper rivinoides Kunth, a shrub native to the Brazilian tropical rainforest, across different plant parts and developmental phases. The aim was to explore the chemical diversity of EO and its reflection in the plant's ecological interactions and adaptations. Plant organs (roots, stems, branches, and leaves) at different developmental phases were subjected to hydrodistillation followed by chemical analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The results revealed a relevant variation in EO yield and composition among different plant parts and developmental phases. Leaves showed the highest yield and chemical diversity, with α-pinene and β-pinene as major constituents, while roots and stems were characterized by a predominance of arylpropanoids, particularly apiol. The chemical diversity in leaves increased with plant maturity, indicating a dynamic adaptation to environmental interactions. The study underscores the importance of considering the ontogeny of plant parts in understanding the ecological roles and potential applications of P. rivinoides in medicine and agriculture. The findings contribute to the overall knowledge of Piperaceae chemodiversity and ecological adaptations, offering insights into the plant's interaction with its environment and its potential uses based on chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Sales Felisberto
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil; (J.S.F.); (D.B.M.); or (Y.J.R.)
- Natural Products and Biochemistry Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil; (S.A.S.M.); (E.F.G.)
- Earth’s Pharmacy Laboratory, Federal University of Bahia, Ondina, Salvador 40170-215, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniel B. Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil; (J.S.F.); (D.B.M.); or (Y.J.R.)
- Natural Products and Biochemistry Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil; (S.A.S.M.); (E.F.G.)
| | - Jeferson A. S. Assunção
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Research in Drugs and Medicines, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Samik A. S. Massau
- Natural Products and Biochemistry Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil; (S.A.S.M.); (E.F.G.)
| | - George A. de Queiroz
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Elsie F. Guimarães
- Natural Products and Biochemistry Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil; (S.A.S.M.); (E.F.G.)
| | - Ygor J. Ramos
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil; (J.S.F.); (D.B.M.); or (Y.J.R.)
- Earth’s Pharmacy Laboratory, Federal University of Bahia, Ondina, Salvador 40170-215, BA, Brazil
| | - Davyson de Lima Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil; (J.S.F.); (D.B.M.); or (Y.J.R.)
- Natural Products and Biochemistry Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil; (S.A.S.M.); (E.F.G.)
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Research in Drugs and Medicines, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil;
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2
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Liu H, Shi Y, Zou Y, Song Z, Tian H, Yang X, Li X. The effects of lead (Pb) and pest damage on soil enzyme activities, pakchoi and Spodoptera litura performance. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 114:473-481. [PMID: 39295446 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant-soil interactions have bottom-up and top-down effects within a plant community. Heavy metal pollution can change plant-soil interactions, directly influence bottom-up effects and indirectly affect herbivores within the community. In turn, herbivores can affect plant-soil interactions through top-down effects. However, the combined effects of heavy metals and herbivores on soil enzymes, plants and herbivores have rarely been reported. Therefore, the effects of lead (Pb), Spodoptera litura and their combined effects on soil enzyme activities, pakchoi nutrition, defence compounds and S. litura fitness were examined here. Results showed that Pb, S. litura and their combined effects significantly affected soil enzymes, pakchoi and S. litura. Specifically, exposure to double stress (Pb and S. litura) decreased soil urease, phosphatase and sucrase activities compared with controls. Furthermore, the soluble protein and sugar contents of pakchoi decreased, and the trypsin inhibitor content and antioxidant enzyme activity increased. Finally, the S. litura development period was extended, and survival, emergence rates and body weight decreased after exposure to double stress. The combined stress of Pb and S. litura significantly decreased soil enzyme activities. Heavy metal accumulation in plants may create a superposition or synergistic effect with heavy metal-mediated plant chemical defence, further suppressing herbivore development. Pb, S. litura and their combined effects inhibited soil enzyme activities, improved pakchoi resistance and reduced S. litura development. The results reveal details of soil-plant-herbivore interactions and provide a reference for crop pest control management in the presence of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Ecology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Yimeng Shi
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Yuxuan Zou
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Ecology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Zaiya Song
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Ecology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Huai Tian
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Ecology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xianjun Yang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Ecology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Ecology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
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3
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Headrick KC, Juenger TE, Heckman RW. Plant physical defenses contribute to a latitudinal gradient in resistance to insect herbivory within a widespread perennial grass. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16260. [PMID: 38031482 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Herbivore pressure can vary across the range of a species, resulting in different defensive strategies. If herbivory is greater at lower latitudes, plants may be better defended there, potentially driving a latitudinal gradient in defense. However, relationships that manifest across the entire range of a species may be confounded by differences within genetic subpopulations, which may obscure the drivers of these latitudinal gradients. METHODS We grew plants of the widespread perennial grass Panicum virgatum in a common garden that included genotypes from three genetic subpopulations spanning an 18.5° latitudinal gradient. We then assessed defensive strategies of these plants by measuring two physical resistance traits-leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf ash, a proxy for silica-and multiple measures of herbivory by caterpillars of the generalist herbivore fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). RESULTS Across all genetic subpopulations, low-latitude plants experienced less herbivory than high-latitude plants. Within genetic subpopulations, however, this relationship was inconsistent-the most widely distributed and phenotypically variable subpopulation (Atlantic) exhibited more consistent latitudinal trends than either of the other two subpopulations. The two physical resistance traits, LMA and leaf ash, were both highly heritable and positively associated with resistance to different measures of herbivory across all subpopulations, indicating their importance in defense against herbivores. Again, however, these relationships were inconsistent within subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS Defensive gradients that occur across the entire species range may not arise within localized subpopulations. Thus, identifying the drivers of latitudinal gradients in herbivory defense may depend on adequately sampling the diversity within a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Headrick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Robert W Heckman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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4
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McDonald LM, Scharnagl A, Turcu AK, Patterson CM, Kooyers NJ. Demographic consequences of an extreme heat wave are mitigated by spatial heterogeneity in an annual monkeyflower. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10397. [PMID: 37575594 PMCID: PMC10412438 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat waves are becoming more frequent and intense with climate change, but the demographic and evolutionary consequences of heat waves are rarely investigated in herbaceous plant species. We examine the consequences of a short but extreme heat wave in Oregon populations of the common yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) by leveraging a common garden experiment planted with range-wide populations and observational studies of 11 local populations. In the common garden, 89% of seedlings died during the heat wave including >96% of seedlings from geographically local populations. Some populations from hotter and drier environments had higher fitness, however, others from comparable environments performed poorly. Observational studies of local natural populations drastically differed in the consequences of the heat wave-one population was completely extirpated and nearly half had a >50% decrease in fitness. However, a few populations had greater fitness during the heat wave year. Differences in mortality corresponded to the impact of the heat wave on soil moisture-retention of soil moisture throughout the heat wave led to greater survivorship. Our results suggest that not all populations experience the same intensity or degree of mortality during extreme events and such heterogeneity could be important for genetic rescue or to facilitate the distribution of adaptive variants throughout the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Scharnagl
- Department of BiologyUniversity of LouisianaLafayetteLouisianaUSA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea K. Turcu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of LouisianaLafayetteLouisianaUSA
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5
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FitzPatrick JA, Doucet BI, Holt SD, Patterson CM, Kooyers NJ. Unique drought resistance strategies occur among monkeyflower populations spanning an aridity gradient. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16207. [PMID: 37347451 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Annual plants often exhibit drought-escape and avoidance strategies to cope with limited water availability. Determining the extent of variation and factors underlying the evolution of divergent strategies is necessary for determining population responses to more frequent and severe droughts. METHODS We leveraged five Mimulus guttatus populations collected across an aridity gradient within manipulative drought and quantitative genetics experiments to examine constitutive and terminal-drought induced responses in drought resistance traits. RESULTS Populations varied considerably in drought-escape- and drought-avoidance-associated traits. The most mesic population demonstrated a unique resource conservative strategy. Xeric populations exhibited extreme plasticity when exposed to terminal drought that included flowering earlier at shorter heights, increasing water-use efficiency, and shifting C:N ratios. However, plasticity responses also differed between populations, with two populations slowing growth rates and flowering at earlier nodes and another population increasing growth rate. While nearly all traits were heritable, phenotypic correlations differed substantially between treatments and often, populations. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest drought resistance strategies of populations may be finely adapted to local patterns of water availability. Substantial plastic responses suggest that xeric populations can already acclimate to drought through plasticity, but populations not frequently exposed to drought may be more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Braden I Doucet
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | - Stacy D Holt
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Kooyers
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
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6
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Rotter MC, Christie K, Holeski LM. Climate and the biotic community structure plant resistance across biogeographic groups of yellow monkeyflower. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9520. [PMID: 36440318 PMCID: PMC9682197 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing correlates of phytochemical resistance trait variation across a landscape can provide insight into the ecological factors that have shaped the evolution of resistance arsenals. Using field-collected data and a greenhouse common garden experiment, we assessed the relative influences of abiotic and biotic drivers of genetic-based defense trait variation across 41 yellow monkeyflower populations from western and eastern North America and the United Kingdom. Populations experience different climates, herbivore communities, and neighboring vegetative communities, and have distinct phytochemical resistance arsenals. Similarities in climate as well as herbivore and vegetative communities decline with increasing physical distance separating populations, and phytochemical resistance arsenal composition shows a similarly decreasing trend. Of the abiotic and biotic factors examined, temperature and the neighboring vegetation community had the strongest relative effects on resistance arsenal differentiation, whereas herbivore community composition and precipitation have relatively small effects. Rather than simply controlling for geographic proximity, we jointly assessed the relative strengths of both geographic and ecological variables on phytochemical arsenal compositional dissimilarity. Overall, our results illustrate how abiotic conditions and biotic interactions shape plant defense traits in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Rotter
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
- Department of BiologyUtah Valley UniversityOremUtahUSA
| | - Kyle Christie
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Liza M. Holeski
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
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7
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Innes SG, Santangelo JS, Kooyers NJ, Olsen KM, Johnson MTJ. Evolution in response to climate in the native and introduced ranges of a globally distributed plant. Evolution 2022; 76:1495-1511. [PMID: 35589013 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which species can adapt to spatiotemporal climatic variation in their native and introduced ranges remains unresolved. To address this, we examined how clines in cyanogenesis (hydrogen cyanide [HCN] production-an antiherbivore defense associated with decreased tolerance to freezing) have shifted in response to climatic variation in space and time over a 60-year period in both the native and introduced ranges of Trifolium repens. HCN production is a polymorphic trait controlled by variation at two Mendelian loci (Ac and Li). Using phenotypic assays, we estimated within-population frequencies of HCN production and dominant alleles at both loci (i.e., Ac and Li) from 10,575 plants sampled from 131 populations on five continents, and then compared these frequencies to those from historical data collected in the 1950s. There were no clear relationships between changes in the frequency of HCN production, Ac, or Li and changes in temperature between contemporary and historical samples. We did detect evidence of continued evolution to temperature gradients in the introduced range, whereby the slope of contemporary clines for HCN and Ac in relation to winter temperature became steeper than historical clines and more similar to native clines. These results suggest that cyanogenesis clines show no clear changes through time in response to global warming, but introduced populations continue to adapt to their contemporary environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Innes
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70504
| | - James S Santangelo
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Kooyers
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70504
| | - Kenneth M Olsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130
| | - Marc T J Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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8
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Functional evidence supports adaptive plant chemical defense along a geographical cline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205073119. [PMID: 35696564 PMCID: PMC9231628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205073119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental clines in organismal defensive traits are usually attributed to stronger selection by enemies at lower latitudes or near the host's range center. Nonetheless, little functional evidence has supported this hypothesis, especially for coevolving plants and herbivores. We quantified cardenolide toxins in seeds of 24 populations of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) across 13 degrees of latitude, revealing a pattern of increasing cardenolide concentrations toward the host's range center. The unusual nitrogen-containing cardenolide labriformin was an exception and peaked at higher latitudes. Milkweed seeds are eaten by specialist lygaeid bugs that are even more tolerant of cardenolides than the monarch butterfly, concentrating most cardenolides (but not labriformin) from seeds into their bodies. Accordingly, whether cardenolides defend seeds against these specialist bugs is unclear. We demonstrate that Oncopeltus fasciatus (Lygaeidae) metabolized two major compounds (glycosylated aspecioside and labriformin) into distinct products that were sequestered without impairing growth. We next tested several isolated cardenolides in vitro on the physiological target of cardenolides (Na+/K+-ATPase); there was little variation among compounds in inhibition of an unadapted Na+/K+-ATPase, but tremendous variation in impacts on that of monarchs and Oncopeltus. Labriformin was the most inhibitive compound tested for both insects, but Oncopeltus had the greater advantage over monarchs in tolerating labriformin compared to other compounds. Three metabolized (and stored) cardenolides were less toxic than their parent compounds found in seeds. Our results suggest that a potent plant defense is evolving by natural selection along a geographical cline and targets specialist herbivores, but is met by insect tolerance, detoxification, and sequestration.
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9
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López-Goldar X, Agrawal AA. Ecological Interactions, Environmental Gradients, and Gene Flow in Local Adaptation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:796-809. [PMID: 33865704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite long-standing interest in local adaptation of plants to their biotic and abiotic environment, existing theory, and many case studies, little work to date has addressed within-species evolution of concerted strategies and how these might contrast with patterns across species. Here we consider the interactions between pollinators, herbivores, and resource availability in shaping plant local adaptation, how these interactions impact plant phenotypes and gene flow, and the conditions where multiple traits align along major environmental gradients such as latitude and elevation. Continued work in emerging model systems will benefit from the melding of classic experimental approaches with novel population genetic analyses to reveal patterns and processes in plant local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé López-Goldar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Anurag A Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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10
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Colicchio JM, Hamm LN, Verdonk HE, Kooyers NJ, Blackman BK. Adaptive and nonadaptive causes of heterogeneity in genetic differentiation across the Mimulus guttatus genome. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:6486-6507. [PMID: 34289200 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity becomes structured among populations over time due to genetic drift and divergent selection. Although population structure is often treated as a uniform underlying factor, recent resequencing studies of wild populations have demonstrated that diversity in many regions of the genome may be structured quite dissimilar to the genome-wide pattern. Here, we explored the adaptive and nonadaptive causes of such genomic heterogeneity using population-level, whole genome resequencing data obtained from annual Mimulus guttatus individuals collected across a rugged environment landscape. We found substantial variation in how genetic differentiation is structured both within and between chromosomes, although, in contrast to other studies, known inversion polymorphisms appear to serve only minor roles in this heterogeneity. In addition, much of the genome can be clustered into eight among-population genetic differentiation patterns, but only two of these clusters are particularly consistent with patterns of isolation by distance. By performing genotype-environment association analysis, we also identified genomic intervals where local adaptation to specific climate factors has accentuated genetic differentiation among populations, and candidate genes in these windows indicate climate adaptation may proceed through changes affecting specialized metabolism, drought resistance, and development. Finally, by integrating our findings with previous studies, we show that multiple aspects of plant reproductive biology may be common targets of balancing selection and that variants historically involved in climate adaptation among populations have probably also fuelled rapid adaptation to microgeographic environmental variation within sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Colicchio
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lauren N Hamm
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hannah E Verdonk
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kooyers
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Benjamin K Blackman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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11
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Penczykowski RM, Sieg RD. Plantago spp. as Models for Studying the Ecology and Evolution of Species Interactions across Environmental Gradients. Am Nat 2021; 198:158-176. [PMID: 34143715 DOI: 10.1086/714589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA central challenge in ecology and evolutionary biology is to understand how variation in abiotic and biotic factors combine to shape the distribution, abundance, and diversity of focal species. Environmental gradients, whether natural (e.g., latitude, elevation, ocean proximity) or anthropogenic (e.g., land-use intensity, urbanization), provide compelling settings for addressing this challenge. However, not all organisms are amenable to the observational and experimental approaches required for untangling the factors that structure species along gradients. Here we highlight herbaceous plants in the genus Plantago as models for studying the ecology and evolution of species interactions along abiotic gradients. Plantago lanceolata and P. major are native to Europe and Asia but distributed globally, and they are established models for studying population ecology and interactions with herbivores, pathogens, and soil microbes. Studying restricted range congeners in comparison with those cosmopolitan species can provide insight into abiotic and biotic determinants of range size and population structure. We highlight one such species, P. rugelii, which is endemic to eastern North America. We give an overview of the literature on these focal Plantago species and explain why they are logical candidates for studies of species interactions across environmental gradients. Finally, we emphasize collaborative and community science approaches that can facilitate such research and note the amenability of Plantago for authentic research projects in science education.
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12
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Rotter MC. An annotated checklist of the herbivores and seed predators of Mimulus guttatus. J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1863495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Rotter
- Niswander Department of Biology, Manchester University, North Manchester, IN, USA
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13
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Takafumi H, Kanno Y, Abe S, Abe T, Enoki T, Hirao T, Hiura T, Hoshizaki K, Ida H, Ishida K, Maki M, Masaki T, Naoe S, Noguchi M, Otani T, Sato T, Sakimoto M, Sakio H, Takagi M, Takashima A, Tokuchi N, Utsumi S, Hidaka A, Nakamura M. Assessing insect herbivory on broadleaf canopy trees at 19 natural forest sites across Japan. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hino Takafumi
- Network Center of the Forest and Grassland Survey of the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project Japan Wildlife Research Center, c/o Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University Tomakomai Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- Wakayama Experimental Forest Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University Wakayama Japan
| | - Shin Abe
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | - Tetsuto Abe
- Kyushu Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Kumamoto Japan
| | - Tsutomu Enoki
- Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Toshihide Hirao
- The University of Tokyo Chichibu Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Chichibu Japan
| | - Tsutom Hiura
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University Tomakomai Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural University Akita Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ida
- Institute of Nature Education in Shiga Heights, Faculty of Education Shinshu University Yamanouchi Japan
| | - Ken Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Takashi Masaki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shoji Naoe
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | - Mahoko Noguchi
- Tohoku Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Morioka Japan
| | - Tatsuya Otani
- Shikoku Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Kochi Japan
| | - Takanori Sato
- Ecohydrology Research Institute The University of Tokyo Forests, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Seto Japan
| | - Michinori Sakimoto
- Field Science Education and Research Center Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakio
- Field Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture Niigata University Sado Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan
| | - Atsushi Takashima
- Yona Field, Subtropical Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus Kunigami Japan
| | - Naoko Tokuchi
- Field Science Education and Research Center Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Shunsuke Utsumi
- Uryu Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Horokanai Japan
| | - Amane Hidaka
- Network Center of the Forest and Grassland Survey of the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project Japan Wildlife Research Center, c/o Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University Tomakomai Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Wakayama Experimental Forest Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University Wakayama Japan
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14
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Anstett DN, Branch HA, Angert AL. Regional differences in rapid evolution during severe drought. Evol Lett 2021; 5:130-142. [PMID: 33868709 PMCID: PMC8045920 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is increasing drought intensity, threatening biodiversity. Rapid evolution of drought adaptations might be required for population persistence, particularly in rear-edge populations that may already be closer to physiological limits. Resurrection studies are a useful tool to assess adaptation to climate change, yet these studies rarely encompass the geographic range of a species. Here, we sampled 11 populations of scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis), collecting seeds across the plants' northern, central, and southern range to track trait evolution from the lowest to the greatest moisture anomaly over a 7-year period. We grew families generated from these populations across well-watered and terminal drought treatments in a greenhouse and quantified five traits associated with dehydration escape and avoidance. When considering pre-drought to peak-drought phenotypes, we find that later date of flowering evolved across the range of M. cardinalis, suggesting a shift away from dehydration escape. Instead, traits consistent with dehydration avoidance evolved, with smaller and/or thicker leaves evolving in central and southern regions. The southern region also saw a loss of plasticity in these leaf traits by the peak of the drought, whereas flowering time remained plastic across all regions. This observed shift in traits from escape to avoidance occurred only in certain regions, revealing the importance of geographic context when examining adaptations to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Anstett
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Haley A Branch
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Amy L Angert
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada.,Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
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15
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Holeski LM, Keefover-Ring K, Sobel JM, Kooyers NJ. Evolutionary history and ecology shape the diversity and abundance of phytochemical arsenals across monkeyflowers. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:571-583. [PMID: 33484000 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examine the extent to which phylogenetic effects and ecology are associated with macroevolutionary patterns of phytochemical defence production across the Mimulus phylogeny. We grew plants from 21 species representing the five major sections of the Mimulus phylogeny in a common garden to assess how the arsenals (NMDS groupings) and abundances (concentrations) of a phytochemical defence, phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs), vary across the phylogeny. Very few PPGs are widespread across the genus, but many are common to multiple sections of the genus. Phytochemical arsenals cluster among sections in an NMDS and are not associated with total concentration of PPGs. There is a strong phylogenetic signal for phytochemical arsenal composition across the Mimulus genus, whereas ecological variables such as growing season length, latitude, and elevation do not significantly influence arsenal. In contrast, there is little phylogenetic signal for total PPG concentration, and this trait is significantly influenced by several ecological factors. Phytochemical arsenals and abundances are influenced by plant life history form. Both phylogenetic effects and ecology are related to phytochemical patterns across species, albeit in different ways. The independence of phytochemical defence concentrations from arsenal compositions indicates that these aspects of defence may continue to evolve independently of one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza M Holeski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ken Keefover-Ring
- Departments of Botany and Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James M Sobel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
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16
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Applying a Chemogeographic Strategy for Natural Product Discovery from the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorena bouillonii. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100515. [PMID: 33066480 PMCID: PMC7602127 DOI: 10.3390/md18100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical marine cyanobacterium Moorena bouillonii occupies a large geographic range across the Indian and Western Tropical Pacific Oceans and is a prolific producer of structurally unique and biologically active natural products. An ensemble of computational approaches, including the creation of the ORCA (Objective Relational Comparative Analysis) pipeline for flexible MS1 feature detection and multivariate analyses, were used to analyze various M. bouillonii samples. The observed chemogeographic patterns suggested the production of regionally specific natural products by M. bouillonii. Analyzing the drivers of these chemogeographic patterns allowed for the identification, targeted isolation, and structure elucidation of a regionally specific natural product, doscadenamide A (1). Analyses of MS2 fragmentation patterns further revealed this natural product to be part of an extensive family of herein annotated, proposed natural structural analogs (doscadenamides B–J, 2–10); the ensemble of structures reflect a combinatorial biosynthesis using nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) components. Compound 1 displayed synergistic in vitro cancer cell cytotoxicity when administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These discoveries illustrate the utility in leveraging chemogeographic patterns for prioritizing natural product discovery efforts.
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17
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López‐Goldar X, Zas R, Sampedro L. Resource availability drives microevolutionary patterns of plant defences. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xosé López‐Goldar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Pontevedra Spain
| | - Rafael Zas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Pontevedra Spain
| | - Luis Sampedro
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Pontevedra Spain
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18
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Kooyers NJ, Donofrio A, Blackman BK, Holeski LM. The Genetic Architecture of Plant Defense Trade-offs in a Common Monkeyflower. J Hered 2020; 111:333-345. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Determining how adaptive combinations of traits arose requires understanding the prevalence and scope of genetic constraints. Frequently observed phenotypic correlations between plant growth, defenses, and/or reproductive timing have led researchers to suggest that pleiotropy or strong genetic linkage between variants affecting independent traits is pervasive. Alternatively, these correlations could arise via independent mutations in different genes for each trait and extensive correlational selection. Here we evaluate these alternatives by conducting a quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping experiment involving a cross between 2 populations of common monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) that differ in growth rate as well as total concentration and arsenal composition of plant defense compounds, phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs). We find no evidence that pleiotropy underlies correlations between defense and growth rate. However, there is a strong genetic correlation between levels of total PPGs and flowering time that is largely attributable to a single shared QTL. While this result suggests a role for pleiotropy/close linkage, several other QTLs also contribute to variation in total PPGs. Additionally, divergent PPG arsenals are influenced by a number of smaller-effect QTLs that each underlie variation in 1 or 2 PPGs. This result indicates that chemical defense arsenals can be finely adapted to biotic environments despite sharing a common biochemical precursor. Together, our results show correlations between defense and life-history traits are influenced by pleiotropy or genetic linkage, but genetic constraints may have limited impact on future evolutionary responses, as a substantial proportion of variation in each trait is controlled by independent loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Kooyers
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Abigail Donofrio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Benjamin K Blackman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Liza M Holeski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
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19
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Jiang D, Wang GR, Yan SC. The improved resistance against gypsy moth in Larix olgensis seedlings exposed to Cd stress association with elemental and chemical defenses. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1713-1721. [PMID: 31758658 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd), as an environmental pollutant, can endanger various biological and chemical characteristics of plants in multiple aspects. In this study, the effects of Cd contamination or exposure for 30 and 60 days at 1, 2, 4 mg kg-1 concentrations on the resistance of Larix olgensis seedlings to the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae were investigated. RESULTS Our results showed that Cd stress did not significantly affect the growth and biomass parameters of the larch seedlings, which might be attributed to the scavenging mechanism of reactive oxygen species (e.g. superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). Regarding the phytochemical defense, we found that Cd stress significantly changed the contents or activities of protease inhibitors (such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors) and secondary metabolites (tannins and phenolic acids) in L. olgensis seedling needles; however, their response trends varied with Cd exposure concentrations with a significant increase at low concentrations and a significant decrease at high concentrations. Moreover, both chemical and elemental defenses contributed to the resistance of L. olgensis seedlings to the gypsy moth larvae, and their synergistic effects (between toxic elements and organic metabolites) could provide an overall improved defense of L. olgensis seedlings even at low concentrations of single components, resulting in a detrimental effect on the growth of gypsy moth larvae. CONCLUSION These findings call for an urgent need to adjust and optimize pest control strategies in heavy metal polluted areas based on the effects of heavy metal stress on woody plant resistance to pest insects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Chun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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20
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Popovic D, Lowry DB. Contrasting environmental factors drive local adaptation at opposite ends of an environmental gradient in the yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:298-307. [PMID: 31989586 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Identifying the environmental factors responsible for natural selection across different habitats is crucial for understanding the process of local adaptation in plants. Despite its importance, few studies have successfully isolated the environmental factors driving local adaptation in nature. In this study, we evaluated the agents of selection responsible for local adaptation of the monkeyflower Mimulus guttatus to California's coastal and inland habitats. METHODS We implemented a manipulative reciprocal transplant experiment at coastal and inland sites, where we excluded aboveground stressors in an effort to elucidate their role in the evolution of local adaptation. RESULTS Excluding aboveground stressors, most likely a combination of salt spray and herbivory, completely rescued inland annual plant fitness when transplanted to coastal habitat. The exclosures in inland habitat provided a benefit to the performance of coastal perennial plants. However, the exclosures are unlikely to provide much fitness benefit to the coastal plants at the inland site because of their general inability to flower in time to escape from the summer drought. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that a distinct set of selective agents (aboveground vs. belowground) are responsible for local adaptation at opposite ends of an environmental gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Popovic
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David B Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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21
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Friedman J, Middleton TE, Rubin MJ. Environmental heterogeneity generates intrapopulation variation in life-history traits in an annual plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:1171-1183. [PMID: 31400159 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental variation affects a plant's life cycle by influencing the timing of germination and flowering, and the duration of the growing season. Yet we know little information about how environmental heterogeneity generates variation in germination schedules and the consequences for growth and fecundity through genetic and plastic responses. We use an annual population of Mimulus guttatus in which, in nature, seeds germinate in both fall and spring. We investigate whether there is a genetic basis to the timing of germination, the effect of germination timing on fecundity, and if growth and flowering respond plastically to compensate for different season lengths. Using sibling families grown in simulated seasonal conditions, we find that families do not differ in their propensity to germinate between seasons. However, the germination season affects subsequent growth and flowering time, with significant genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E). Most G × E is due to unequal variance between seasons, because the spring cohort harbours little genetic variance. Despite their different season lengths, the cohorts do not differ in flower number (fecundity). Heterogeneous environments with unpredictable risks may maintain promiscuous germination, which then affects flowering time. Therefore, if selection at particular life stages changes with climate change, there may be consequences for the entire life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannice Friedman
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Matthew J Rubin
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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22
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Kooyers NJ, Colicchio JM, Greenlee AB, Patterson E, Handloser NT, Blackman BK. Lagging Adaptation to Climate Supersedes Local Adaptation to Herbivory in an Annual Monkeyflower. Am Nat 2019; 194:541-557. [DOI: 10.1086/702312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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24
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VanWallendael A, Soltani A, Emery NC, Peixoto MM, Olsen J, Lowry DB. A Molecular View of Plant Local Adaptation: Incorporating Stress-Response Networks. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:559-583. [PMID: 30786237 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ecological specialization in plants occurs primarily through local adaptation to different environments. Local adaptation is widely thought to result in costly fitness trade-offs that result in maladaptation to alternative environments. However, recent studies suggest that such trade-offs are not universal. Further, there is currently a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for fitness trade-offs associated with adaptation. Here, we review the literature on stress responses in plants to identify potential mechanisms underlying local adaptation and ecological specialization. We focus on drought, high and low temperature, flooding, herbivore, and pathogen stresses. We then synthesize our findings with recent advances in the local adaptation and plant molecular biology literature. In the process, we identify mechanisms that could cause fitness trade-offs and outline scenarios where trade-offs are not a necessary consequence of adaptation. Future studies should aim to explicitly integrate molecular mechanisms into studies of local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acer VanWallendael
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ali Soltani
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Nathan C Emery
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
| | - Murilo M Peixoto
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jason Olsen
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - David B Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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25
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Lowry DB, Popovic D, Brennan DJ, Holeski LM. Mechanisms of a locally adaptive shift in allocation among growth, reproduction, and herbivore resistance in
Mimulus guttatus
*. Evolution 2019; 73:1168-1181. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Lowry
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and BehaviorMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute,Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824
| | - Damian Popovic
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and BehaviorMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824
| | - Darlene J. Brennan
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824
| | - Liza M. Holeski
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011
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26
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Lin W, Huang W, Ning S, Gong X, Ye Q, Wei D. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed differential strategies of roots and leaves from methyl jasmonate treatment Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek and differentially expressed genes involved in tryptophan biosynthesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212863. [PMID: 30865659 PMCID: PMC6415880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek (B. cusia) is an effective herb for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and psoriasis in traditional Chinese medicine. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a well-known signaling phytohormone that triggers gene expression in secondary metabolism. Currently, MeJA-mediated biosynthesis of indigo and indirubin in B. cusia is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the content of indigo and indirubin in leaf and root tissues of B. cusia with high-performance liquid chromatography and measured photosynthetic characteristics of leaves treated by MeJA using FluorCam6 Fluorometer and chlorophyll fluorescence using the portable photosynthesis system CIRAS-2. We performed de novo RNA-seq of B. cusia leaf and root transcriptional profiles to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to exogenous MeJA application. The amount of indigo in MeJA-treated leaves were higher than that in controled leaves (p = 0.004), and the amounts of indigo in treated roots was higher than that in controlled roots (p = 0.048); Chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves treated with MeJA were significantly decreased. Leaves treated with MeJA showed lower photosynthetic rate compared to the control in the absence of MeJA. Functional annotation of DEGs showed the DEGs related to growth and development processes were down-regulated in the treated leaves, while most of the unigenes involved in the defense response were up-regulated in treated roots. This coincided with the effects of MeJA on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence. The qRT-PCR results showed that MeJA appears to down-regulate the gene expression of tryptophan synthase β-subunits (trpA-β) in leaves but increased the gene expression of anthranilate synthase (trp 3) in roots responsible for increased indigo content. The results showed that MeJA suppressed leaf photosynthesis for B. cusia and this growth-defense trade-off may contribute to the improved adaptability of B. cusia in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Lin
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuju Ning
- School of Crop science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaogui Gong
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Ye
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Daozhi Wei
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Hahn PG, Agrawal AA, Sussman KI, Maron JL. Population Variation, Environmental Gradients, and the Evolutionary Ecology of Plant Defense against Herbivory. Am Nat 2018; 193:20-34. [PMID: 30624107 DOI: 10.1086/700838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A central tenet of plant defense theory is that adaptation to the abiotic environment sets the template for defense strategies, imposing a trade-off between plant growth and defense. Yet this trade-off, commonly found among species occupying divergent resource environments, may not occur across populations of single species. We hypothesized that more favorable climates and higher levels of herbivory would lead to increases in growth and defense across plant populations. We evaluated whether plant growth and defense traits covaried across 18 populations of showy milkweed (Asclepias speciosa) inhabiting an east-west climate gradient spanning 25° of longitude. A suite of traits impacting defense (e.g., latex, cardenolides), growth (e.g., size), or both (e.g., specific leaf area [SLA], trichomes) were measured in natural populations and in a common garden, allowing us to evaluate plastic and genetically based variation in these traits. In natural populations, herbivore pressure increased toward warmer sites with longer growing seasons. Growth and defense traits showed strong clinal patterns and were positively correlated. In a common garden, clines with climatic origin were recapitulated only for defense traits. Correlations between growth and defense traits were also weaker and more negative in the common garden than in the natural populations. Thus, our data suggest that climatically favorable sites likely facilitate the evolution of greater defense at minimal costs to growth, likely because of increased resource acquisition.
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28
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Toll K, Willis JH. Hybrid inviability and differential submergence tolerance drive habitat segregation between two congeneric monkeyflowers. Ecology 2018; 99:2776-2786. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Toll
- Department of Biology Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - John H. Willis
- Department of Biology Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
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29
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Glander S, He F, Schmitz G, Witten A, Telschow A, de Meaux J. Assortment of Flowering Time and Immunity Alleles in Natural Arabidopsis thaliana Populations Suggests Immunity and Vegetative Lifespan Strategies Coevolve. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:2278-2291. [PMID: 30215800 PMCID: PMC6133262 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective impact of pathogen epidemics on host defenses can be strong but remains transient. By contrast, life-history shifts can durably and continuously modify the balance between costs and benefits of immunity, which arbitrates the evolution of host defenses. Their impact on the evolutionary dynamics of host immunity, however, has seldom been documented. Optimal investment into immunity is expected to decrease with shortening lifespan, because a shorter life decreases the probability to encounter pathogens or enemies. Here, we document that in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana, the expression levels of immunity genes correlate positively with flowering time, which in annual species is a proxy for lifespan. Using a novel genetic strategy based on bulk-segregants, we partitioned flowering time-dependent from -independent immunity genes and could demonstrate that this positive covariation can be genetically separated. It is therefore not explained by the pleiotropic action of some major regulatory genes controlling both immunity and lifespan. Moreover, we find that immunity genes containing variants reported to impact fitness in natural field conditions are among the genes whose expression covaries most strongly with flowering time. Taken together, these analyses reveal that natural selection has likely assorted alleles promoting lower expression of immunity genes with alleles that decrease the duration of vegetative lifespan in A. thaliana and vice versa. This is the first study documenting a pattern of variation consistent with the impact that selection on flowering time is predicted to have on diversity in host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Glander
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Fei He
- Institute of Botany, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Anika Witten
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt Telschow
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Germany
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30
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Zhang H, Bonser SP, Chen SC, Hitchcock T, Moles AT. Is the proportion of clonal species higher at higher latitudes in Australia? AUSTRAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zhang
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; NSW 2052 Australia
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology; CAS; Changchun China
| | - Stephen P. Bonser
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Si-Chong Chen
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Timothy Hitchcock
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Angela T. Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; NSW 2052 Australia
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Kooyers NJ, James B, Blackman BK. Competition drives trait evolution and character displacement between Mimulus species along an environmental gradient. Evolution 2017; 71:1205-1221. [PMID: 28186619 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Closely related species may evolve to coexist stably in sympatry through niche differentiation driven by in situ competition, a process termed character displacement. Alternatively, past evolution in allopatry may have already sufficiently reduced niche overlap to permit establishment in sympatry, a process called ecological sorting. The relative importance of each process to niche differentiation is contentious even though they are not mutually exclusive and are both mediated via multivariate trait evolution. We explore how competition has impacted niche differentiation in two monkeyflowers, Mimulus alsinoides and M. guttatus, which often co-occur. Through field observations, common gardens, and competition experiments, we demonstrate that M. alsinoides is restricted to marginal habitats in sympatry and that the impacts of character displacement on niche differentiation are complex. Competition with M. guttatus alters selection gradients and has favored taller M. alsinoides with earlier seasonal flowering at low elevation and floral shape divergence at high elevation. However, no trait exhibits the pattern typically associated with character displacement, higher divergence between species in sympatry than allopatry. Thus, although character displacement was unlikely the process driving initial divergence along niche axes necessary for coexistence, we conclude that competition in sympatry has likely driven trait evolution along additional niche axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Kooyers
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620
| | - Brooke James
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904
| | - Benjamin K Blackman
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
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