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Shi Y, Strasser A, Green DR, Latz E, Mantovani A, Melino G. Legacy of the discovery of the T-cell receptor: 40 years of shaping basic immunology and translational work to develop novel therapies. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:790-797. [PMID: 38822079 PMCID: PMC11214623 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Shi
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53175, Germany
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Sun Q, Melino G, Amelio I, Jiang J, Wang Y, Shi Y. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:27. [PMID: 35201440 PMCID: PMC8777500 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents a major advance in the cure of cancer following the dramatic advancements in the development and refinement of chemotherapies and radiotherapies. In the recent decades, together with the development of early diagnostic techniques, immunotherapy has significantly contributed to improving the survival of cancer patients. The immune-checkpoint blockade agents have been proven effective in a significant fraction of standard therapy refractory patients. Importantly, recent advances are providing alternative immunotherapeutic tools that could help overcome their limitations. In this mini review, we provide an overview on the main steps of the discovery of classic immune-checkpoint blockade agents and summarise the most recent development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies, such as tumour antigens, bispecific antibodies and TCR-engineered T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- DZNE German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jingting Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
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Nandi D, Pathak S, Verma T, Singh M, Chattopadhyay A, Thakur S, Raghavan A, Gokhroo A, Vijayamahantesh. T cell costimulation, checkpoint inhibitors and anti-tumor therapy. J Biosci 2021. [PMID: 32345776 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of the adaptive immune response are specificity and memory. The cellular response is mediated by T cells which express cell surface T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize peptide antigens in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs). However, binding of cognate TCRs with MHC-peptide complexes alone (signal 1) does not trigger optimal T cell activation. In addition to signal 1, the binding of positive and negative costimulatory receptors to their ligands modulates T cell activation. This complex signaling network prevents aberrant activation of T cells. CD28 is the main positive costimulatory receptor on naı¨ve T cells; upon activation, CTLA4 is induced but reduces T cell activation. Further studies led to the identification of additional negative costimulatory receptors known as checkpoints, e.g. PD1. This review chronicles the basic studies in T cell costimulation that led to the discovery of checkpoint inhibitors, i.e. antibodies to negative costimulatory receptors (e.g. CTLA4 and PD1) which reduce tumor growth. This discovery has been recognized with the award of the 2018 Nobel prize in Physiology/Medicine. This review highlights the structural and functional roles of costimulatory receptors, the mechanisms by which checkpoint inhibitors work, the challenges encountered and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
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Nakajima H, Nakatsura T. Towards the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors and personalized cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Med 2020; 44:10-15. [PMID: 32643578 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1785654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has a long developmental history, beginning with William Coley's first bacterial mixture ('Coley's toxin') in 1891, which led to the development of nonspecific immunotherapy. After the research team of Thierry Boon succeeded in isolating the first melanoma antigen gene (MAGE-1) and identifying its major histocompatibility complex-restricted peptide in 1991, many kinds of cancer antigens were successively identified and so-called cancer vaccines were clinically tested. Although cancer vaccine therapy is expected to be the new cancer immunotherapy, it is currently unable to yield sufficient therapeutic effects when used alone and has thus not yet been approved as a drug. Meanwhile, various types of cell therapies, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, have shown remarkable clinical efficacy. Additionally, the discovery of immune checkpoint molecules has led to the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cancer immunotherapy has now become a major pillar of cancer treatment. Currently, there are high expectations for the development of personalized neoantigen vaccines and T-cell therapies. The era of personalized cancer immunotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors is expected to arrive circa 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Nakajima
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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Wang J, Yuan R, Song W, Sun J, Liu D, Li Z. PD-1, PD-L1 (B7-H1) and Tumor-Site Immune Modulation Therapy: The Historical Perspective. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:34. [PMID: 28122590 PMCID: PMC5267378 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current success of targeted inhibition against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1, herein collectively referred to as PD) pathways is hailed as a cancer immunotherapy breakthrough. PD-L1, known also as B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), was initially discovered by Dr. Lieping Chen in 1999. To recognize the seminal contributions by Chen to the development of PD-directed therapy against cancer, the Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON) decided to honor him with its inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award in Hematology and Oncology at the CAHON’s 2015 annual meeting. This essay chronicles the important discoveries made by Chen in the exciting field of immuno-oncology, which goes beyond his original fateful finding. It also argues that PD-directed therapy should be appropriately considered as Tumor-Site Immune Modulation Therapy to distinguish it from CTLA-4-based immune checkpoint blocking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ruirong Yuan
- Veterans Health Administration Medical Center, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA.,The Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), Scarsdale, NY, 11577, USA
| | - Wenru Song
- The Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), Scarsdale, NY, 11577, USA
| | - Jingwei Sun
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Delong Liu
- The Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), Scarsdale, NY, 11577, USA.,New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- The Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), Scarsdale, NY, 11577, USA. .,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Limited T cell receptor beta variable repertoire responses to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in subjects infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:529-37. [PMID: 23845455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific antigens, ESAT-6 or CFP-10 play a key role in diagnosis and control MTB infection. T cell receptor (TCR) reflects the status and function of T cells. However, the features of the TCR beta variable (TCRBV) repertoire used against ESAT-6 and CFP-10 from MTB subjects have not been well described. The molecular profiles of TCRBV complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) in PBMCs with or without ESAT-6 or CFP-10 stimulation were assayed using a gene melting spectral pattern (GMSP) assay developed in our previous study. The average number of skewed TCRBV family in PBMCs stimulated with ESAT-6 or CFP-10 was significantly higher than that in unstimulated PBMCs. TCRBV3, BV5.1, BV12, BV13.1, BV13.2, BV20 and BV24 were used more frequently than other TCRBV members in PBMCs from MTB subjects, and TCRBV3, BV5.1 in stimulated PBMCs have a preference in the usage of variable (V) and joining (J) segments and CDR3. The results indicate that the T cell immune response in MTB subjects involves a few of specific T cells. The preferred usage of certain V and J segments and CDR3s of TCRBV3 or BV5.1 may be related to ESAT-6 or CFP-10 respectively, which would help clinical differential diagnosis and treatment of MTB-infected subjects.
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Zhang M, Maiti S, Bernatchez C, Huls H, Rabinovich B, Champlin RE, Vence LM, Hwu P, Radvanyi L, Cooper LJN. A new approach to simultaneously quantify both TCR α- and β-chain diversity after adoptive immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4733-42. [PMID: 22761473 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T-cell receptor (TCR) variable Vα and Vβ gene diversity is a surrogate biomarker for the therapeutic potential of adoptive immunotherapy and cellular immunity. Therefore, creating a straightforward, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method to view the global changes of both TCRVα and Vβ transcripts in heterogeneous populations of T cells is appealing. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We designed a "direct TCR expression assay" (DTEA) using a panel of customized bar-coded probes that simultaneously detects and quantifies 45 Vα and 46 Vβ transcripts in a nonenzymatic digital multiplexed assay from a small number of cells (10(4) cells) or as little as 100 ng of total RNA. RESULTS We evaluated DTEA on total RNA samples of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral blood obtained from patients with melanoma after adoptive T-cell therapy. DTEA detected a similar spectrum of the dominant patterns of TCRVβ gene usage as sequencing cloned TCRVβ CDR3 regions. However, DTEA was rapid, achieved a level of sensitivity to identify rare T-cell populations, and simultaneously tracked the full array of Vα and Vβ transcripts. CONCLUSIONS DTEA can rapidly and sensitively track changes in TCRVα and Vβ gene usages in T-cell pools following immune interventions, such as adoptive T-cell transfer, and may also be used to assess impact of vaccination or reconstitution of T-cell compartment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minying Zhang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kaminski WE, Beham AW, Kzhyshkowska J, Gratchev A, Puellmann K. On the horizon: flexible immune recognition outside lymphocytes. Immunobiology 2012; 218:418-26. [PMID: 22749215 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since decades there is consensus among immunologists that in jawless and jawed vertebrates flexible immune recognition is strictly confined to the lymphoid lineage. In jawed vertebrates the adaptive immune system is represented by two lineages of lymphocytes, B cells and T cells that express recombinatorial antigen receptors of enormous diversity known as immunoglobulins and the T cell receptor (TCR). The recent identification of recombined immune receptors that are structurally based on the TCR in subpopulations of neutrophils and eosinophils (referred to here as TCR-like immunoreceptors, "TCRL") provides unexpected evidence for the existence of flexible host defense mechanisms beyond the realm of lymphocytes. Consistent with this, subpopulations of monocytes and macrophages from humans and mice now have also been shown to constitutively express recombined TCR-like immunoreceptors. Available in vitro evidence suggests that the TCRL in macrophages may exert functions as facilitators of phagocytosis and self-recruitment. More importantly, our recent findings that the macrophage-TCRL is implicated in granuloma formation in tuberculosis and the neutrophil-TCRL is associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia establish for the first time a link between myeloid recombinatorial immune receptors and clinical disease. The discovery of recombined TCR-like immune receptors in granulocytes and macrophages extends the principle of combinatorial immune recognition to phagocytic cells. Conceptually, this unifies the two hitherto disparate cardinal features of innate and adaptive immunity, phagocytic capacity and recombinatorial immune recognition on a common cellular platform. Moreover, it strongly suggests that flexible host defense in vertebrates may operate on a broader cellular basis than currently thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang E Kaminski
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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Profile of Tak Wah Mak. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:19124-6. [PMID: 22080609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116912108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Breckpot K, Escors D. Dendritic cells for active anti-cancer immunotherapy: targeting activation pathways through genetic modification. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2010; 9:328-43. [PMID: 19857199 DOI: 10.2174/187153009789839156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumour immunotherapy has become a treatment modality for cancer, harnessing the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumour cells specifically. It is based on the expression of tumour associated antigens (TAA) by the tumour cells and aims at the induction of TAA-specific effector T cell responses, whilst overruling various mechanisms that can hamper the anti-tumour immune response, e.g. regulatory T cells (Treg). (Re-) activation of effector T cells requires the completion of a carefully orchestrated series of specific steps. Particularly important is the provision of TAA presentation and strong stimulatory signals, delivered by co-stimulatory surface molecules and cytokines. These can only be delivered by professional antigen-presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells (DC). Therefore, DC need to be loaded with TAA and appropriately activated. It is not surprising that an extensive part of DC research has focused on the delivery of both TAA and activation signals to DC, developing a one step approach to obtain potent stimulatory DC. The simultaneous delivery of TAA and activation signals is therefore the topic of this review, emphasizing the role of DC in mediating T cell activation and how we can manipulate DC for the pill-pose of enhancing tumour immunotherapy. As we gain a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate induction of TAA-specific T cells, rational approaches for the activation of T cell responses can be developed for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology-Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103 building E, 1090 Jette, Belgium.
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Rational development of high-affinity T-cell receptor-like antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:5784-8. [PMID: 19307587 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901425106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell interaction with a target cell is a key event in the adaptive immune response and primarily driven by T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes. TCR avidity for a given pMHC is determined by number of MHC molecules, availability of coreceptors, and TCR affinity for MHC or peptide, respectively, with peptide recognition being the most important factor to confer target specificity. Here we present high-resolution crystal structures of 2 Fab antibodies in complex with the immunodominant NY-ESO-1(157-165) peptide analogue (SLLMWITQV) presented by HLA-A*0201 and compare them with a TCR recognizing the same pMHC. Binding to the central methionine-tryptophan peptide motif and orientation of binding were almost identical for Fabs and TCR. As the MW "peg" dominates the contacts between Fab and peptide, we estimated the contributions of individual amino acids between the Fab and peptide to provide the rational basis for a peptide-focused second-generation, high-affinity antibody library. The final Fab candidate achieved better peptide binding by 2 light-chain mutations, giving a 20-fold affinity improvement to 2-4 nM, exceeding the affinity of the TCR by 1,000-fold. The high-affinity Fab when grafted as recombinant TCR on T cells conferred specific killing of HLA-A*0201/NY-ESO-1(157-165) target cells. In summary, we prove that affinity maturation of antibodies mimicking a TCR is possible and provide a strategy for engineering high-affinity antibodies that can be used in targeting specific pMHC complexes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Current research status of immunology in the genomic era. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 52:43-9. [PMID: 19152083 PMCID: PMC7089291 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-009-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This review updates the current status of immunology research under the influence of genomics, both conceptually and technologically. It particularly highlights the advantages of employing the high-throughput and large-scale technology, the large genomic database, and bioinformatic power in the immunology research. The fast development in the fields of basic immunology, clinical immunology (tumor and infectious immunology) and vaccine designing is illustrated with respect to the successful usage of genomic strategy. We also speculate the future research directions of immunology in the era of genomics and post-genomics.
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Hawkes WC, Hwang A, Alkan Z. The effect of selenium supplementation on DTH skin responses in healthy North American men. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2009; 23:272-80. [PMID: 19747623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) is essential for immune system development and function in animals. However, the exact functions of Se in the human immune system and the achievable health benefits from Se supplementation remain unclear. To test whether an increased intake of dietary Se affects immune function, we conducted a randomized, controlled trial of Se supplementation in healthy free-living men. Forty-two men were administered 300microg of Se a day as high-Se Baker's yeast, or low-Se yeast for 48 weeks. Serum immunoglobulins, differential complete blood counts and lymphocyte sub-populations were measured every 6 weeks. Tests of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin responses to mumps, candida, trychophyton, tuberculin-purified protein, and tetanus were performed at baseline and at the end of 48 weeks of treatment. Supplementation increased blood Se concentration by 50%. Surprisingly, consumption of the low-Se yeast induced anergy in DTH skin responses and increased counts of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes expressing both subunits of the high affinity interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R). DTH skin responses and IL2R+ cells did not change in the high-Se group, suggesting Se supplementation blocked induction of DTH anergy. There were no differences between groups in quality of life indicators, number of days sick, other leukocyte phenotypes, serum immunoglobulins, or complement factors. These results suggest that Se plays a role in immunotolerization, a cell-mediated process involved in many aspects of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Chris Hawkes
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California at Davis, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Kato Z, Stern JNH, Nakamura HK, Kuwata K, Kondo N, Strominger JL. Positioning of autoimmune TCR-Ob.2F3 and TCR-Ob.3D1 on the MBP85-99/HLA-DR2 complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:15523-8. [PMID: 18824684 PMCID: PMC2563136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807338105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first determination of structure of the HLA-A2 complex, >200 MHC/peptide structures have been recorded, whereas the available T cell receptor (TCR)/peptide/MHC complex structures now are <20. Among these structures, only six are TCR/peptide/MHC Class II (MHCII) structures. The most recent of these structures, obtained by using TCR-Ob.1A12 from a multiple sclerosis patient and the MBP85-99/HLA-DR2 complex, was very unusual in that the TCR was located near the N-terminal end of the peptide-binding cleft of the MHCII protein and had an orthogonal angle on the peptide/MHC complex. The unusual structure suggested the possibility of a disturbance of its signaling capability that could be related to autoimmunity. Here, homology modeling and a new simulation method developed for TCR/peptide/MHC docking have been used to examine the positioning of the complex of two additional TCRs obtained from the same patient (TCR-Ob.2F3 or TCR-Ob.3D1 with MBP85-99/HLA-DR2). The structures obtained by this simulation are compatible with available data on peptide specificity of the TCR epitope. All three TCRs from patient Ob including that from the previously determined crystal structure show a counterclockwise rotation. Two of them are located near the N terminus of the peptide-binding cleft, whereas the third is near the center. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the rotation of the TCRs may alter the downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenichiro Kato
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 5010-1194, Japan
| | - Joel N. H. Stern
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and
| | | | | | - Naomi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 5010-1194, Japan
| | - Jack L. Strominger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and
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