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Abstract
The galectin family consists of carbohydrate (glycan) binding proteins that are expressed by a wide variety of cells and bind to galactose-containing glycans. Galectins can be located in the nucleus or the cytoplasm, or can be secreted into the extracellular space. They can modulate innate and adaptive immune cells by binding to glycans on the surface of immune cells or intracellularly via carbohydrate-dependent or carbohydrate-independent interactions. Galectins expressed by immune cells can also participate in host responses to infection by directly binding to microorganisms or by modulating antimicrobial functions such as autophagy. Here we explore the diverse ways in which galectins have been shown to impact immunity and discuss the opportunities and challenges in the field.
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Yang ZS, Lin CY, Huang SW, Wang WH, Urbina AN, Tseng SP, Lu PL, Chen YH, Wang SF. Regulatory roles of galectins on influenza A virus and their potential as a therapeutic strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111713. [PMID: 34243634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins, are β-galactoside binding lectins expressed in numerous cells and are known to regulate various immune responses and cellular physiological functions. Galectins have been reported to participate in the regulation of several viral infections via carbohydrate‑dependent/independent manner. Galectins have displayed various regulatory functions on viral infection, however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. More recently, some members of galectins have been reported to regulate influenza A virus (IAV) infection. In this review, we aim to analyze and summarize current findings regarding the role of galectins in IAV infection and their antiviral potential therapeutic application in the treatment of IAVs. The eligible articles were selected according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results indicate that Galectin-1(Gal-1), Galectin-3(Gal-3) and Galectin-9 (Gal-9) were found as the predominant galectins reported to participate in the regulation of IAVs infection. The inhibitory regulation of IAVs by these galectins occurred mainly through extracellular binding to glycosylated envelope proteins, further blocking the interaction between influenza envelope and sialic acid receptor, interacting with ligands or receptors on immune cells to trigger immunol or cellular response against IAVs, and endogenously interacting cellular components in the cytoplasm to activate inflammasome and autophagy. This study offers information regarding the multiple roles of galectins observed in IAVs infection and suggest that galectins has the potential to be used as therapeutic agents for IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Syuan Yang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wei Huang
- Model Development Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Pin Tseng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Niu Y, Lin J, Li C, Peng X, Jiang N, Xu Q, Yin M, Lin H, Gu L, Zhao G. Galectin-3 plays an important pro-inflammatory role in A. fumigatus keratitis by recruiting neutrophils and activating p38 in neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107706. [PMID: 33933850 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in cornea infected by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). METHODS Gal-3 was tested in normal and infected corneas of C57BL/6 mice. Mice corneas were pretreated with or without rmGal-3 or Gal-3 siRNA and infected with A. fumigatus. Recombinant mouse (rm) Gal-3 stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs). PMNs were stimulated with 75% ethanol-killed A. fumigatus with or without pretreatment of Gal-3 siRNA. Disease severity was documented by clinical score and photographs with a slit lamp. PCR, Western blot, and ELISA tested expression of Gal-3, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and p-p38. PMNs infiltration was assessed by flow cytometry and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. RESULTS Gal-3 expression was significantly elevated by A. fumigatus in mice corneas. rmGal-3 treatment increased clinical scores, PMNs infiltration, and cytokines expression, which were decreased by Gal-3 siRNA treatment. In PMNs, Gal-3 expression was also significantly increased by A. fumigatus. The rmGal-3 treatment upregulated proinflammatory cytokines secretion and p-p38 expression, which was significantly inhibited by Gal-3 siRNA. CONCLUSION These data proved that A. fumigatus increased Gal-3 expression and elevated disease clinical scores, PMNs infiltration and cytokines expression through Gal-3. In PMNs, A. fumigatus upregulated IL-1β and IL-6 secretion through the Gal-3 / p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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Cheng XQ, Xu WJ, Ding X, Han GH, Wei S, Liu P, Meng HY, Shang AJ, Wang Y, Wang AY. Bioinformatic analysis of cytokine expression in the proximal and distal nerve stumps after peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:878-884. [PMID: 33229723 PMCID: PMC8178785 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we investigated the dynamic expression of cytokines in the distal nerve stumps after peripheral nerve injury using microarray analysis, which can characterize the dynamic expression of proteins. In the present study, we used a rat model of right sciatic nerve transection to examine changes in the expression of cytokines at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after injury using protein microarray analysis. Interleukins were increased in the distal nerve stumps at 1-14 days post nerve transection. However, growth factors and growth factor-related proteins were mainly upregulated in the proximal nerve stumps. The P-values of the inflammatory response, apoptotic response and cell-cell adhesion in the distal stumps were higher than those in the proximal nerve stumps, but the opposite was observed for angiogenesis. The number of cytokines related to axons in the distal stumps was greater than that in the proximal stumps, while the percentage of cytokines related to axons in the distal stumps was lower than that in the proximal nerve stumps. Visualization of the results revealed the specific expression patterns and differences in cytokines in and between the proximal and distal nerve stumps. Our findings offer potential therapeutic targets and should help advance the development of clinical treatments for peripheral nerve injury. Approval for animal use in this study was obtained from the Animal Ethics Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital on September 7, 2016 (approval No. 2016-x9-07).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Cheng
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gong-Hai Han
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wei
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Ye Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Jia Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ai-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gayashani Sandamalika WM, Lee J. Quadruple domain-containing galectin from marine invertebrate disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus): Molecular perspectives in early development, immune expression, and potent antiviral responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:920-929. [PMID: 32931945 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are well-known β-galactoside-binding proteins, which play vital roles in innate immune responses of both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, knowledge regarding invertebrate galectins is still in its infancy. With the intention of filling the knowledge gap, here we identified a quadruple domain-containing galectin from marine invertebrate disk abalone, Haliotis discus discus (AbGalec), and characterized it. AbGalec consisted of four distinct carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) and lacked a signal peptide. Expression analysis revealed AbGalec to be ubiquitously expressed in all the examined early embryonic stages of abalone, with highest expression in the 16-cell stage, suggesting the importance of AbGalec in early developmental processes. Tissue distribution analysis revealed the highest expression of AbGalec in abalone mantle, followed by that in gills and hemocytes. Immune challenge experiments revealed significant upregulation of AbGalec at 24 h and 48 h post injection (p.i.) with bacterial and viral components. These results suggested the possible involvement of AbGalec in host defense mechanisms. Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) injections were capable of inducing AbGalec transcript expression more prominently than bacterial stimulants, thus providing evidence for its role in viral infections. We determined the virus-neutralizing ability of a quadruple domain-containing galectin for the first time, by analyzing the downregulation of VHSV transcripts during the overexpression of AbGalec. Significant downregulation of VHSV transcripts was observed after 24 h and 48 h of post infection. Collectively, our findings reveal the potent antiviral responses of molluscan quadruple domain-containing galectin, AbGalec, along with its involvement in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Gayashani Sandamalika
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Shi J, Wang Z, Wu B, Li X, Li X, Tian S, Wu J, Zhou Z. Cofilin-1, peroxiredoxin-1, and galectin-3: Major proteins released by macrophages infected with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108461. [PMID: 31767078 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a broad host-spectrum zoonotic pathogen, causes caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in small ruminants and is responsible for considerable economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. Macrophages play a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of CLA. However, the immunoregulatory mechanisms of macrophages against C. pseudotuberculosis remains poorly understood. In the present study, for the first time, the partial exoproteome of murine peritoneal macrophages infected with C. pseudotuberculosis was profiled and the differential expression of the identified proteins was analyzed. In macrophages, infection with C. pseudotuberculosis, rather than with heat-killed bacteria, induced release of diverse proteins. Three unconventional proteins: cofilin-1, peroxiredoxin-1, and galectin-3 were significantly expressed and released by infected macrophages into the culture supernatant. These proteins are involved in the host inflammatory response and may be responsible for the excessive inflammation of CLA. In C. pseudotuberculosis-infected macrophages, the release of cofilin-1 and peroxiredoxin-1 was predominant at later stages of infection, while the release of galectin-3 was independent of time. Taken together, the present work contributes to our understanding of the functional role of macrophage response to C. pseudotuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Shi
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China; Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Bi Wu
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Shangquan Tian
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Junjun Wu
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Zuoyong Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China; Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
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Galectin-3 Inhibits Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Growth and Impacts Paracoccidioidomycosis through Multiple Mechanisms. mSphere 2019; 4:4/2/e00209-19. [PMID: 31019001 PMCID: PMC6483048 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00209-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermodimorphic pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii are the etiologic causes of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), an animal β-galactoside-binding protein, modulates important roles during microbial infections, such as triggering a Th2-polarized immune response in PCM. Herein, we demonstrate that Gal-3 also plays other important roles in P. brasiliensis infection. We verified that Gal-3 levels are upregulated in human and mice infections and established that Gal-3 inhibited P. brasiliensis growth by inhibiting budding. Furthermore, Gal-3 affected disruption and internalization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from P. brasiliensis by macrophages. Our results suggest important protective roles for Gal-3 in P. brasiliensis infection, indicating that increased Gal-3 production during P. brasiliensis infection may affect fungal growth and EV stability, thus promoting beneficial effects that could influence the course of PCM. The finding that Gal-3 has effects against P. brasiliensis together with previously reported effects against Cryptococcus neoformans suggests that molecule has a general antifungal role in innate defenses against fungal pathogens.IMPORTANCE Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Although the immune mechanisms to control PCM are still not fully understood, several events of the host innate and adaptive immunity are crucial to determine the progress of the infection. Mammalian β-galactoside-binding protein galectin-3 (Gal-3) plays significant roles during microbial infections and has been studied for its immunomodulatory roles, but it can also have direct antimicrobial effects. We asked whether this protein plays a role in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis We report herein that Gal-3 indeed has direct effects on the fungal pathogen, inhibiting fungal growth and reducing extracellular vesicle stability. Our results suggest a direct role for Gal-3 in P. brasiliensis infection, with beneficial effects for the mammalian host.
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Casals C, Campanero-Rhodes MA, García-Fojeda B, Solís D. The Role of Collectins and Galectins in Lung Innate Immune Defense. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1998. [PMID: 30233589 PMCID: PMC6131309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different families of endogenous lectins use complementary defense strategies against pathogens. They may recognize non-self glycans typically found on pathogens and/or host glycans. The collectin and galectin families are prominent examples of these two lectin categories. Collectins are C-type lectins that contain a carbohydrate recognition domain and a collagen-like domain. Members of this group include surfactant protein A (SP-A) and D (SP-D), secreted by the alveolar epithelium to the alveolar fluid. Lung collectins bind to several microorganisms, which results in pathogen aggregation and/or killing, and enhances phagocytosis of pathogens by alveolar macrophages. Moreover, SP-A and SP-D influence macrophage responses, contributing to resolution of inflammation, and SP-A is essential for tissue-repair functions of macrophages. Galectins also function by interacting directly with pathogens or by modulating the immune system in response to the infection. Direct binding may result in enhanced or impaired infection of target cells, or can have microbicidal effects. Immunomodulatory effects of galectins include recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection, promotion of neutrophil function, and stimulation of the bactericidal activity of infected macrophages. Moreover, intracellular galectins can serve as danger receptors, promoting autophagy of the invading pathogen. This review will focus on the role of collectins and galectins in pathogen clearance and immune response activation in infectious diseases of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casals
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Campanero-Rhodes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Fojeda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Solís
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Chen YJ, Wang SF, Weng IC, Hong MH, Lo TH, Jan JT, Hsu LC, Chen HY, Liu FT. Galectin-3 Enhances Avian H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation by Promoting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1031-1042. [PMID: 29366678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 virus causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. Virus-induced excessive inflammatory response contributes to severe disease and high mortality rates. Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein widely distributed in immune and epithelial cells, regulates various immune functions and modulates microbial infections. Here, we describe galectin-3 up-regulation in mouse lung tissue after challenges with the H5N1 influenza virus. We investigated the effects of endogenous galectin-3 on H5N1 infection and found that survival of galectin-3 knockout (Gal-3KO) mice was comparable with wild-type (WT) mice after infections. Compared with infected WT mice, infected Gal-3KO mice exhibited less inflammation in the lungs and reduced IL-1β levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from Gal-3KO mice exhibited reduced oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing caspase-associated recruitment domains and secreted less IL-1β compared with BMMs from WT mice. However, similar levels of the inflammasome component of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) were observed in two genotypes of BMMs. Co-immunoprecipitation data indicated galectin-3 and NLRP3 interaction in BMMs infected with H5N1. An association was also observed between galectin-3 and NLRP3/apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing caspase-associated recruitment domain complex. Combined, our results suggest that endogenous galectin-3 enhances the effects of H5N1 infection by promoting host inflammatory responses and regulating IL-1β production by macrophages via interaction with NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Hong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Almeida F, Wolf JM, da Silva TA, DeLeon-Rodriguez CM, Rezende CP, Pessoni AM, Fernandes FF, Silva-Rocha R, Martinez R, Rodrigues ML, Roque-Barreira MC, Casadevall A. Galectin-3 impacts Cryptococcus neoformans infection through direct antifungal effects. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1968. [PMID: 29213074 PMCID: PMC5719036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal pathogen that causes cryptococcosis, which is a major opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed individuals. Mammalian β-galactoside-binding protein Galectin-3 (Gal-3) modulates the host innate and adaptive immunity, and plays significant roles during microbial infections including some fungal diseases. Here we show that this protein plays a role also in C. neoformans infection. We find augmented Gal-3 serum levels in human and experimental infections, as well as in spleen, lung, and brain tissues of infected mice. Gal-3-deficient mice are more susceptible to cryptococcosis than WT animals, as demonstrated by the higher fungal burden and lower animal survival. In vitro experiments show that Gal-3 inhibits fungal growth and exerts a direct lytic effect on C. neoformans extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our results indicate a direct role for Gal-3 in antifungal immunity whereby this molecule affects the outcome of C. neoformans infection by inhibiting fungal growth and reducing EV stability, which in turn could benefit the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Julie M Wolf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Thiago Aparecido da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos M DeLeon-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Caroline Patini Rezende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - André Moreira Pessoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freitas Fernandes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva-Rocha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio L Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes,, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, 21041-361, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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11
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Wu SY, Huang JH, Chen WY, Chan YC, Lin CH, Chen YC, Liu FT, Wu-Hsieh BA. Cell Intrinsic Galectin-3 Attenuates Neutrophil ROS-Dependent Killing of Candida by Modulating CR3 Downstream Syk Activation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:48. [PMID: 28217127 PMCID: PMC5289966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is a leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection. Neutrophils are the important effector cells in host resistance to candidiasis. To investigate the modulation of neutrophil fungicidal function will advance our knowledge on the control of candidiasis. While recombinant galectin-3 enhances neutrophil phagocytosis of Candida, we found that intracellular galectin-3 downregulates neutrophil fungicidal functions. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining reveal that cytosolic gal3 physically interacts with Syk in neutrophils after Candida stimulation. Gal3−/− neutrophils have higher level of Syk activation as well as greater abilities to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and kill Candida than gal3+/+ cells. While galectin-3 deficiency modulates neutrophil and macrophage activation and the recruitment of monocytes and dendritic cells, the deficiency does not affect the numbers of infiltrating neutrophils or macrophages. Galectin-3 deficiency ameliorates systemic candidiasis by reducing fungal burden, renal pathology, and mortality. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrate that cell intrinsic galectin-3 negatively regulates neutrophil effector functions against candidiasis. Reducing galectin-3 expression or activity by siRNA or gal3 inhibitor TD139 enhances human neutrophil ROS production. Mice treated with TD139 have enhanced ability to clear the fungus. Our work unravels the mechanism by which galectin-3 regulates Syk-dependent neutrophil fungicidal functions and raises the possibility that blocking gal3 in neutrophils may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating systemic candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Juin-Hua Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yee-Chun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Betty A Wu-Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
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12
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Pathogen–Host Interaction of Histoplasma capsulatum: an Update. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-016-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Fermino ML, Dylon LSD, Cecílio NT, Santos SN, Toscano MA, Dias-Baruffi M, Roque-Barreira MC, Rabinovich GA, Bernardes ES. Lack of galectin-3 increases Jagged1/Notch activation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and promotes dysregulation of T helper cell polarization. Mol Immunol 2016; 76:22-34. [PMID: 27344022 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3, an endogenous glycan-binding protein, is abundantly expressed at sites of inflammation and immune cell activation. Although this lectin has been implicated in the control of T helper (Th) polarization, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of endogenous galectin-3 during the course of experimental Leishmania major infection using galectin-3-deficient (Lgals3(-/-)) mice in a BALB/c background and the involvement of Notch signaling pathway in this process. Lgals3(-/-) mice displayed an augmented, although mixed Th1/Th2 responses compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Concomitantly, lymph node and footpad lesion cells from infected Lgals3(-/-) mice showed enhanced levels of Notch signaling components (Notch-1, Jagged1, Jagged2 and Notch target gene Hes-1). Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from uninfected Lgals3(-/-) mice also displayed increased expression of the Notch ligands Delta-like-4 and Jagged1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, activation of Notch signaling in BMDCs upon stimulation with Jagged1 was more pronounced in Lgals3(-/-) BMDCs compared to WT BMDCs; this condition resulted in increased production of IL-6 by Lgals3(-/-) BMDCs. Finally, addition of exogenous galectin-3 to Lgals3(-/-) BMDCs partially reverted the increased sensitivity to Jagged1 stimulation. Our results suggest that endogenous galectin-3 regulates Notch signaling activation in BMDCs and influences polarization of T helper responses, thus increasing susceptibility to L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise L Fermino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L Sebastian D Dylon
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nerry T Cecílio
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sofia N Santos
- Nuclear Energy Research Institute, Radiopharmacy Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta A Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria C Roque-Barreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Shimura T, Shibata M, Gonda K, Nakajima T, Chida S, Noda M, Suzuki S, Nakamura I, Ohki S, Takenoshita S. Association between circulating galectin-3 levels and the immunological, inflammatory and nutritional parameters in patients with colorectal cancer. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:203-207. [PMID: 27446542 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, exhibits pleiotropic biological functions and has a role as one of the immunological modulators. However, the associations between circulating galectin-3 and immunological, inflammatory and nutritional parameters have not yet been fully elucidated. The serum concentration of galectin-3 was examined in association with interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-12 and IL17 production, lymphocyte stimulation, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and rapid turnover proteins, including retinol-binding protein (RBP), prealbumin (PA) and transferrin (TF) in 50 patients with untreated colorectal cancers. Significant increases (P<0.05) were observed in the serum galectin-3 levels in patients with untreated colorectal cancer (9.6±4.5 ng/ml) compared with the normal controls (3.2±1.6 ng/ml). Higher serum galectin-3 concentrations were observed in patients with colon cancer (11.5±4.4 ng/ml) compared to in patients with rectal cancer (8.0±4.0 ng/ml) (P=0.005). The levels of circulating galectin-3 inversely correlated with the production of IL-10 (r=-0.59, P<0.001), and IL-12 (r=-0.69, P<0.001). Galectin-3 concentration also inversely correlated with the lymphocyte stimulation assay stimulation index (r=-0.42, P=0.021). However, the level of serum galectin-3 correlated with IL-17 production (r=0.67, P<0.001). Serum galectin-3 levels exhibited significant correlations with NLR (r=0.41, P=0.009), WBC (r=0.32, P=0.035), and CRP (r=0.63, P<0.001), and statistically significant inverse correlations with RBP (r=-0.45, P=0.002), PA (r=-0.46, P=0.001) and TF (r=-0.72, P<0.001). Galectin-3 may be one of the key factors in the regulation of immunological, inflammatory and nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Shimura
- Department of Cancer Biology and Electronics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shibata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kenji Gonda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shun Chida
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaru Noda
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Izumi Nakamura
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohki
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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15
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Román E, Correia I, Salazin A, Fradin C, Jouault T, Poulain D, Liu FT, Pla J. The Cek1‑mediated MAP kinase pathway regulates exposure of α‑1,2 and β‑1,2‑mannosides in the cell wall of Candida albicans modulating immune recognition. Virulence 2016; 7:558-77. [PMID: 27191378 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1163458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cek1 MAP kinase (MAPK) mediates vegetative growth and cell wall biogenesis in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Alterations in the fungal cell wall caused by a defective Cek1‑mediated signaling pathway leads to increased β‑1,3‑glucan exposure influencing dectin‑1 fungal recognition by immune cells. We show here that cek1 cells also display an increased exposure of α‑1,2 and β‑1,2‑mannosides (α‑M and β‑M), a phenotype shared by strains defective in the activating MAPKK Hst7, suggesting a general defect in cell wall assembly. cek1 cells display walls with loosely bound material as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and are sensitive to tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N‑glycosylation. Transcriptomal analysis of tunicamycin treated cells revealed a differential pattern between cek1 and wild type cells which involved mainly cell wall and stress related genes. Mapping α‑M and β‑M epitopes in the mannoproteins of different cell wall fractions (CWMP) revealed an important shift in the molecular weight of the mannan derived from mutants defective in this MAPK pathway. We have also assessed the role of galectin‑3, a member of a β‑galactoside‑binding protein family shown to bind to and kill C. albicans through β‑M recognition, in the infection caused by cek1 mutants. Increased binding of cek1 to murine macrophages was shown to be partially blocked by lactose. Galectin-3(-/-) mice showed increased resistance to fungal infection, although galectin-3 did not account for the reduced virulence of cek1 mutants in a mouse model of systemic infection. All these data support a role for the Cek1‑mediated pathway in fungal cell wall maintenance, virulence and antifungal discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Román
- a Departamento de Microbiología II , Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - I Correia
- a Departamento de Microbiología II , Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - A Salazin
- b Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , Lille , France
| | - C Fradin
- b Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , Lille , France
| | - T Jouault
- b Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , Lille , France
| | - D Poulain
- b Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , Lille , France
| | - F-T Liu
- c Department of Dermatology , University of California, Davis, School of Medicine , Sacramento , CA , USA.,d Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - J Pla
- a Departamento de Microbiología II , Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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16
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Chaudhari AD, Gude RP, Kalraiya RD, Chiplunkar SV. Endogenous galectin-3 expression levels modulate immune responses in galectin-3 transgenic mice. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:300-11. [PMID: 26442663 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding mammalian lectin, is involved in cancer progression and metastasis. However, there is an unmet need to identify the underlying mechanisms of cancer metastasis mediated by endogenous host galectin-3. Galectin-3 is also known to be an important regulator of immune responses. The present study was aimed at analysing how expression of endogenous galectin-3 regulates host immunity and lung metastasis in B16F10 murine melanoma model. Transgenic Gal-3(+/-) (hemizygous) and Gal-3(-/-) (null) mice exhibited decreased levels of Natural Killer (NK) cells and lower NK mediated cytotoxicity against YAC-1 tumor targets, compared to Gal-3(+/+) (wild-type) mice. On stimulation, Gal-3(+/-) and Gal-3(-/-) mice splenocytes showed increased T cell proliferation than Gal-3(+/+) mice. Intracellular calcium flux was found to be lower in activated T cells of Gal-3(-/-) mice as compared to T cells from Gal-3(+/+) and Gal-3(+/-) mice. In Gal-3(-/-) mice, serum Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels were found to be lowest, exhibiting dysregulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines balance. Marked decrease in serum IFN-γ levels and splenic IFN-γR1 (IFN-γ Receptor 1) expressing T and NK cell percentages were observed in Gal-3(-/-) mice. On recombinant IFN-γ treatment of splenocytes in vitro, Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3 protein expression was higher in Gal-3(-/-) mice compared to that in Gal-3(+/+) and Gal-3(+/-) mice; suggesting possible attenuation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 1 mediated IFN-γ signaling in Gal-3(-/-) mice. The ability of B16F10 melanoma cells to form metastatic colonies in the lungs of Gal-3(+/+) and Gal-3(-/-) mice remained comparable, whereas it was found to be reduced in Gal-3(+/-) mice. Our data indicates that complete absence of endogenous host galectin-3 facilitates lung metastasis of B16F10 cells in mice, which may be contributed by dysregulated immune responses resulting from decreased NK cytotoxicity, disturbed serum Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokine milieu, reduced serum IFN-γ levels and attenuation of splenic STAT1 mediated IFN-γ signalling in Gal-3(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna D Chaudhari
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajiv P Gude
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajiv D Kalraiya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubhada V Chiplunkar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India.
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17
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Mietto BS, Mostacada K, Martinez AMB. Neurotrauma and inflammation: CNS and PNS responses. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:251204. [PMID: 25918475 PMCID: PMC4397002 DOI: 10.1155/2015/251204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) or the peripheral nervous system (PNS) triggers a cascade of events which culminate in a robust inflammatory reaction. The role played by inflammation in the course of degeneration and regeneration is not completely elucidated. While, in peripheral nerves, the inflammatory response is assumed to be essential for normal progression of Wallerian degeneration and regeneration, CNS trauma inflammation is often associated with poor recovery. In this review, we discuss key mechanisms that trigger the inflammatory reaction after nervous system trauma, emphasizing how inflammations in both CNS and PNS differ from each other, in terms of magnitude, cell types involved, and effector molecules. Knowledge of the precise mechanisms that elicit and maintain inflammation after CNS and PNS tissue trauma and their effect on axon degeneration and regeneration is crucial for the identification of possible pharmacological drugs that can positively affect the tissue regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Siqueira Mietto
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-550 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Klauss Mostacada
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-550 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-550 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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18
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Gao P, Gibson PG, Baines KJ, Yang IA, Upham JW, Reynolds PN, Hodge S, James AL, Jenkins C, Peters MJ, Zhang J, Simpson JL. Anti-inflammatory deficiencies in neutrophilic asthma: reduced galectin-3 and IL-1RA/IL-1β. Respir Res 2015; 16:5. [PMID: 25616863 PMCID: PMC4314745 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 (gal-3), a member of the β-galactoside-binding animal lectins, is involved in the recruitment, activation and removal of neutrophils. Neutrophilic asthma is characterized by a persistent elevation of airway neutrophils and impaired efferocytosis. We hypothesized that sputum gal-3 would be reduced in neutrophilic asthma and the expression of gal-3 would be associated with other markers of neutrophilic inflammation. METHODS Adults with asthma (n = 80) underwent a sputum induction following clinical assessment and blood collection. Sputum was dispersed for a differential cell count and ELISA assessment of gal-3, gal-3 binding protein (BP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), IL-8 and IL-6. Gal-3 and gal-3BP immunoreactivity were assessed in mixed sputum cells. RESULTS Sputum gal-3 (median, (q1,q3)) was significantly reduced in neutrophilic asthma (183 ng/mL (91,287)) compared with eosinophilic (293 ng/mL (188,471), p = 0.021) and paucigranulocytic asthma (399 ng/mL (213,514), p = 0.004). The gal-3/gal-3BP ratio and IL-1RA/IL-1β ratio were significantly reduced, while gal-3BP and IL-1β were significantly elevated in neutrophilic asthma compared with eosinophilic and paucigranulocytic asthma. CONCLUSION Patients with neutrophilic asthma have impairment in anti-inflammatory ratio of gal-3/gal-3BP and IL-1RA/IL-1β which provides a further framework for exploration into pathologic mechanisms of asthma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. .,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia.
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ian A Yang
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - John W Upham
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Paul N Reynolds
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia. .,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Christine Jenkins
- Respiratory Trials, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Peters
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Concord General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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19
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Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Disease. BIOMARKERS IN DISEASE: METHODS, DISCOVERIES AND APPLICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7696-8_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Pejnovic NN, Pantic JM, Jovanovic IP, Radosavljevic GD, Milovanovic MZ, Nikolic IG, Zdravkovic NS, Djukic AL, Arsenijevic NN, Lukic ML. Galectin-3 deficiency accelerates high-fat diet-induced obesity and amplifies inflammation in adipose tissue and pancreatic islets. Diabetes 2013; 62:1932-44. [PMID: 23349493 PMCID: PMC3661611 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced diabetes is associated with low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue and macrophage infiltration of islets. We show that ablation of galectin-3 (Gal-3), a galactoside-binding lectin, accelerates high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Obese LGALS3(-/-) mice have increased body weight, amount of total visceral adipose tissue (VAT), fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and markers of systemic inflammation compared with diet-matched wild-type (WT) animals. VAT of obese LGALS3(-/-) mice exhibited increased incidence of type 1 T and NKT lymphocytes and proinflammatory CD11c(+)CD11b(+) macrophages and decreased CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages. Pronounced mononuclear cell infiltrate, increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in macrophages, and increased accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor for AGE (RAGE) expression were present in pancreatic islets of obese LGALS3(-/-) animals accompanied with elevated phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and mature caspase-1 protein expression in pancreatic tissue and VAT. In vitro stimulation of LGALS3(-/-) peritoneal macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and saturated fatty acid palmitate caused increased caspase-1-dependent IL-1β production and increased phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 compared with WT cells. Transfection of LGALS3(-/-) macrophages with NLRP3 small interfering RNA attenuated IL-1β production in response to palmitate and LPS plus palmitate. Obtained results suggest important protective roles for Gal-3 in obesity-induced inflammation and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada N. Pejnovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena M. Pantic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan P. Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | | | - Ivana G. Nikolic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic,” University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandar L. Djukic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Corresponding author: Miodrag L. Lukic,
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21
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Fermino ML, Dias FC, Lopes CD, Souza MA, Cruz ÂK, Liu FT, Chammas R, Roque-Barreira MC, Rabinovich GA, Bernardes ES. Galectin-3 negatively regulates the frequency and function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells and influences the course ofLeishmania majorinfection. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1806-17. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marise L. Fermino
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Fabrício C. Dias
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Carla D. Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | | | - Ângela K. Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis; School of Medicine; CA; USA
| | | | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
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Linden JR, De Paepe ME, Laforce-Nesbitt SS, Bliss JM. Galectin-3 plays an important role in protection against disseminated candidiasis. Med Mycol 2013; 51:641-51. [PMID: 23488971 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2013.770607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent in vitro studies have implicated galectin-3 as an important receptor in host recognition and response to specific Candida species; however, its role in protection against disseminated candidiasis in vivo has not been evaluated. This study investigated the importance of galectin-3 in host defense against systemic infection with the highly virulent species Candida albicans, and the less virulent species, C. parapsilosis. Mice deficient in galectin-3 (gal3-/-) were more susceptible to infection than wild-type (WT) mice. When infected with C. albicans, gal3-/- mice died significantly faster and exhibited a trend towards increased fungal burden and increased abscess formation in infected brains compared to WT mice. When infected with C. parapsilosis, gal3-/- mice had significantly higher renal fungal burdens and abscess formation compared to WT mice. To evaluate whether galectin-3 may contribute to susceptibility to candidiasis in human infants, galectin-3 levels in sera of newborn infants, a patient population uniquely susceptible to infections with both C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, were compared to serum galectin-3 levels of adults. Galectin-3 levels were significantly lower in newborn infant sera compared to adult sera. These data indicate that galectin-3 plays an important role in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis and suggest a potential mechanism of neonatal susceptibility to these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Linden
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Wu SY, Yu JS, Liu FT, Miaw SC, Wu-Hsieh BA. Galectin-3 negatively regulates dendritic cell production of IL-23/IL-17-axis cytokines in infection by Histoplasma capsulatum. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3427-37. [PMID: 23455499 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (gal3) is known for its immunoregulatory functions in infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about its regulatory role in the host's IL-17A response to infection. Using a mouse model of histoplasmosis in which both Th1 and Th17 responses contribute to fungal clearance, we investigated how gal3 regulates IL-17A responses. Our study showed that Histoplasma infection induced gal3(-/-) dendritic cells to produce significantly higher levels of IL-23, TGF-β1, and IL-1β than did gal3(+/+) cells. Infected by the same inoculum of Histoplasma, gal3(-/-) mice had lower fungal burden and produced higher levels of IL-23/IL-17-axis cytokines and lower levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ. Additionally, there was an increase in Th17 cells and a reduction in Th1 cells in infected gal3(-/-) mice. In vitro Th1/Th17-skewing experiments excluded the intrinsic effect of gal3 on Th cell differentiation. Although neutrophils from both gal3(+/+) and gal3(-/-) mice produced IL-17A upon IL-23 stimulation, their contribution to IL-17A production was greater in gal3(-/-) mice than in gal3(+/+) mice. Compared with gal3(+/+) dendritic cells, adoptive transfer of gal3(-/-) dendritic cells resulted in production of significantly higher levels of IL-17-axis cytokines and reduced fungal burden. It appears that reduced fungal burden and preferential IL-17A response in gal3(-/-) mice by both Th17 cells and neutrophils were the result of preferential production of IL-23/IL-17-axis cytokines by dendritic cells. Our study showed that gal3 negatively regulates IL-17A responses through inhibition of IL-23/IL-17-axis cytokine production by dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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Pang J, Rhodes DH, Pini M, Akasheh RT, Castellanos KJ, Cabay RJ, Cooper D, Perretti M, Fantuzzi G. Increased adiposity, dysregulated glucose metabolism and systemic inflammation in Galectin-3 KO mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57915. [PMID: 23451284 PMCID: PMC3579848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased production of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a protein that modulates inflammation and clearance of glucose adducts. We used Lean and Diet-induced Obese (DIO) WT and Gal-3 KO mice to investigate the role of Gal-3 in modulation of adiposity, glucose metabolism and inflammation. Deficiency of Gal-3 lead to age-dependent development of excess adiposity and systemic inflammation, as indicated by elevated production of acute-phase proteins, number of circulating pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes and development of neutrophilia, microcytic anemia and thrombocytosis in 20-week-old Lean and DIO male Gal-3 KO mice. This was associated with impaired fasting glucose, heightened response to a glucose tolerance test and reduced adipose tissue expression of adiponectin, Gal-12, ATGL and PPARγ, in the presence of maintained insulin sensitivity and hepatic expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in 20-week-old Gal-3 KO mice compared to their diet-matched WT controls. Expression of PGC-1α and FGF-21 in the liver of Lean Gal-3 KO mice was comparable to that observed in DIO animals. Impaired fasting glucose and altered responsiveness to a glucose load preceded development of excess adiposity and systemic inflammation, as demonstrated in 12-week-old Gal-3 KO mice. Finally, a role for the microflora in mediating the fasting hyperglycemia, but not the excessive response to a glucose load, of 12-week-old Gal-3 KO mice was demonstrated by administration of antibiotics. In conclusion, Gal-3 is an important modulator of glucose metabolism, adiposity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Pang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Davina H. Rhodes
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria Pini
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rand T. Akasheh
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Karla J. Castellanos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Cabay
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dianne Cooper
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mietto BS, Jurgensen S, Alves L, Pecli C, Narciso MS, Assunção-Miranda I, Villa-Verde DMS, de Souza Lima FR, de Menezes JRL, Benjamim CF, Bozza MT, Martinez AMB. Lack of galectin-3 speeds Wallerian degeneration by altering TLR and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions in injured sciatic nerve. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1682-90. [PMID: 23406314 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wallerian degeneration (WD) comprises a series of events that includes activation of non-neuronal cells and recruitment of immune cells, creating an inflammatory milieu that leads to extensive nerve fragmentation and subsequent clearance of the myelin debris, both of which are necessary prerequisites for effective nerve regeneration. Previously, we documented accelerated axon regeneration in animals lacking galectin-3 (Gal-3), a molecule associated with myelin clearance. To clarify the mechanisms underlying this enhanced regeneration, we focus here on the early steps of WD following sciatic nerve crush in Gal-3(-/-) mice. Using an in vivo model of nerve degeneration, we observed that removal of myelin debris is more efficient in Gal-3(-/-) than in wild-type (WT) mice; we next used an in vitro phagocytosis assay to document that the phagocytic potential of macrophages and Schwann cells was enhanced in the Gal-3(-/-) mice. Moreover, both RNA and protein levels for the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as for Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4, show robust increases in injured nerves from Gal-3(-/-) mice compared to those from WT mice. Collectively, these data indicate that the lack of Gal-3 results in an augmented inflammatory profile that involves the TLR-cytokine pathway, and increases the phagocytic capacity of Schwann cells and macrophages, which ultimately contributes to speeding the course of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Siqueira Mietto
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Programa de Pesquisa em Neurociência Básica e Clínica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Linden JR, Kunkel D, Laforce-Nesbitt SS, Bliss JM. The role of galectin-3 in phagocytosis of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis by human neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15:1127-42. [PMID: 23279221 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans causes the majority of invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised adults while Candida parapsilosis is a leading cause of neonatal candidiasis. While much work has focused on how the immune system recognizes and responds to C. albicans, less is known about host interaction with C. parapsilosis. This study investigates the human neutrophil phagocytic response to these species. Neutrophils underwent phagocytosis of C. parapsilosis yeast and C. albicans hyphae much more efficiently than C. albicans yeast. Treatment of neutrophils with a galectin-3 (gal3) blocking antibody inhibited phagocytosis of C. parapsilosis yeast and C. albicans hyphae, but not C. albicans yeast. The majority of neutrophil gal3 was expressed intracellularly and was secreted from neutrophils after treatment with C. parapsilosis mannan. When neutrophils were treated with exogenous gal3, phagocytosis of both C. albicans and C. parapsilosis yeast increased. Exposure of neutrophils to C. parapsilosis yeast increased phagocytosis of C. albicans yeast and was inhibited by gal3 blocking antibody. Taken together, these data indicate that gal3 secreted from neutrophils may act as a pro-inflammatory autocrine/paracrine signal in neutrophil phagocytosis and suggest that gal3 has a unique role in neutrophil response to C. parapsilosis yeast and C. albicans hyphae distinct from C. albicans yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Linden
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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TOSCANO MA, TONGREN JE, De SOUZA JB, LIU FT, RILEY EM, RABINOVICH GA. Endogenous galectin-3 controls experimental malaria in a species-specific manner. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:383-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Niehus S, Elass E, Coddeville B, Guérardel Y, Schwarz RT, Debierre-Grockiego F. Glycosylphosphatidylinositols of Toxoplasma gondii induce matrix metalloproteinase-9 production and degradation of galectin-3. Immunobiology 2012; 217:61-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Fermino ML, Polli CD, Toledo KA, Liu FT, Hsu DK, Roque-Barreira MC, Pereira-da-Silva G, Bernardes ES, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L. LPS-induced galectin-3 oligomerization results in enhancement of neutrophil activation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26004. [PMID: 22031821 PMCID: PMC3198732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal 3) is a glycan-binding protein that can be secreted by activated macrophages and mast cells at inflammation sites and plays an important role in inflammatory diseases caused by Bacteria and their products, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Although it is well established that Gal 3 can interact with LPS, the pathophysiological importance of LPS/Gal 3 interactions is not fully understood. Data presented herein demonstrate for the first time that the interaction of Gal 3, either via its carbohydrate binding C-terminal domain or via its N-terminal part, with LPS from different bacterial strains, enhances the LPS-mediated neutrophil activation in vitro. Gal 3 allowed low LPS concentrations (1 µg/mL without serum, 1 ng/mL with serum) to upregulate CD11b expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation on human neutrophils in vitro and drastically enhanced the binding efficiency of LPS to the neutrophil surface. These effects required LPS preincubation with Gal 3, before neutrophil stimulation and involved specific Gal 3/LPS interaction. A C-terminal Gal-3 fragment, which retains the lectin domain but lacks the N-terminal part, was still able to bind both to Escherichia coli LPS and to neutrophils, but had lost the ability to enhance neutrophil response to LPS. This result emphasizes the importance of an N-terminus-mediated Gal 3 oligomerization induced by its interaction with LPS. Finally we demonstrated that Balb/C mice were more susceptible to LPS-mediated shock when LPS was pretreated with Gal 3. Altogether, these results suggest that multimeric interactions between Gal 3 oligomers and LPS potentiate its pro-inflammatory effects on neutrophils.
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Zhang DC, Hu YT, Guo HY, Cui SG, Su TF, Jiang SG. cDNA cloning and mRNA expression of a tandem-repeat galectin (PoGal2) from the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:1963-74. [PMID: 21948759 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-3gmr1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Galectins can recognize and specifically bind to β-galactoside residues, playing crucial roles in innate immune responses of vertebrates and invertebrates. We cloned the cDNA of a tandem-repeat galectin from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (designated as PoGal2). PoGal2 cDNA is 1347 bp long and consists of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 3 bp, a 3'-UTR of 297 bp with one cytokine RNA instability motif (ATTTA), and an open reading frame of 1047 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 349 amino acids, with an estimated molecular mass of 38.1 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.5. PoGal2 contains two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs); both have the conserved carbohydrate-binding motifs H-NPR and WG-EE. PoGal2 shares 50.6 and 50.9% identity with those of abalone (Haliotis discus) and the Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the tandem-repeat galectins formed two clades for the different species. Molluscan tandem-repeat galectins were clustered into a single clade, and nematode tandem-repeat galectins were clustered into another single clade. In both clades, CRD-N and CRD-C were divided into different groups. PoGal2 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues analyzed, and the expression level of PoGal2 mRNA was found to be significantly up-regulated in digestive glands, gills and hemocytes after Vibrio alginolyticus stimulation/infection. Expression profile analysis showed that the expression level of PoGal2 mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 8, 12 and 24 h after V. alginolyticus infection. These results suggest that PoGal2 is a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein involved in the innate immune response of pearl oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Zhang
- Division of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang D, Jiang S, Hu Y, Cui S, Guo H, Wu K, Li Y, Su T. A multidomain galectin involved in innate immune response of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1-6. [PMID: 20813129 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Galectins could specifically bind to β-galactoside residues and play crucial roles in innate immune responses of vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, the cDNA of a galectin with multiple carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) was cloned from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (designated as PoGal). PoGal cDNA was 2138bp long and consisted of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 120bp, a 3'-UTR of 350bp with two cytokine RNA instability motifs (ATTTA), and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1668bp encoding a polypeptide of 555 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 63.4kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.8. PoGal contained four CRDs, each CRD of PoGal all had the conserved carbohydrate-binding motifs H-NPR and WG-ER. PoGal shared 43.7% and 62.9% identity to those of bay scallop and eastern oyster, respectively, which were only two galectins with four CRDs. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all galectins with four CRDs formed a single clade. PoGal mRNA was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, and the expression level of PoGal mRNA was significantly up-regulated in digestive gland, mantle, haemocyte, gonad and intestine after Vibrio alginolyticus stimulation. The expression profile analysis showed that the expression level of PoGal mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 4, 8 and 12h after V. alginolyticus stimulation. These results suggested that PoGal was a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein that perhaps involved in innate immune response of pearl oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianchang Zhang
- Division of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
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Debierre-Grockiego F, Niehus S, Coddeville B, Elass E, Poirier F, Weingart R, Schmidt RR, Mazurier J, Guérardel Y, Schwarz RT. Binding of Toxoplasma gondii glycosylphosphatidylinositols to galectin-3 is required for their recognition by macrophages. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:32744-32750. [PMID: 20729207 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.137588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed that the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α by macrophages in response to Toxoplasma gondii glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) requires the expression of both Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4, but not of their co-receptor CD14. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding protein with immune-regulatory effects, which associates with TLR2. We demonstrate here by using the surface plasmon resonance method that the GPIs of T. gondii bind to human galectin-3 with strong affinity and in a dose-dependent manner. The use of a synthetic glycan and of the lipid moiety cleaved from the GPIs shows that both parts are involved in the interaction with galectin-3. GPIs of T. gondii also bind to galectin-1 but with a lower affinity and only through the lipid moiety. At the cellular level, the production of TNF-α induced by T. gondii GPIs in macrophages depends on the expression of galectin-3 but not of galectin-1. This study is the first identification of a galectin-3 ligand of T. gondii origin, and galectin-3 might be a co-receptor presenting the GPIs to the TLRs on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Debierre-Grockiego
- From the Institut für Virologie, AG Parasitologie, Philipps University, Marburg D-35043, Germany; Unité Mixte de Recherche Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 0483 Immunologie Parasitaire, Vaccinologie et Biothérapies Anti-infectieuses, Unité de Formation de Recherche Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Avenue Monge, F-37200 Tours, France.
| | - Sebastian Niehus
- From the Institut für Virologie, AG Parasitologie, Philipps University, Marburg D-35043, Germany
| | - Bernadette Coddeville
- CNRS-Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 147, Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elisabeth Elass
- CNRS-Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 147, Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Développement des Mammifères, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Ralf Weingart
- Fachbereich Chemie, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Richard R Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Joël Mazurier
- CNRS-Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 147, Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- CNRS-Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 147, Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ralph T Schwarz
- From the Institut für Virologie, AG Parasitologie, Philipps University, Marburg D-35043, Germany; CNRS-Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 147, Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
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Horin P, Sabakova K, Futas J, Vychodilova L, Necesankova M. Immunity-related gene single nucleotide polymorphisms associated withRhodococcus equiinfection in foals. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 37:67-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Alves CMOS, Silva DAO, Azzolini AECS, Marzocchi-Machado CM, Carvalho JV, Pajuaba ACAM, Lucisano-Valim YM, Chammas R, Liu FT, Roque-Barreira MC, Mineo JR. Galectin-3 plays a modulatory role in the life span and activation of murine neutrophils during early Toxoplasma gondii infection. Immunobiology 2009; 215:475-85. [PMID: 19720428 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are beta-galactoside-binding lectins involved in several biological processes and galectin-3 (Gal-3) is related to modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Gal-3 in the life span and biological functions of murine neutrophils during in vitro infection by virulent Toxoplasma gondii RH strain. Inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils (Nphi) from C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Gal-3 knockout (KO) mice were cultured in the presence or absence of parasites and analyzed for phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and cell death using Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining, and cell viability by MTT assay. Cell toxicities determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), degranulation by lysozyme release, and cytokine production were measured in Nphi culture supernatants. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)- or zymosan-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in Nphi cultures. Our results demonstrated that Gal-3 is involved in the increase of the viable Nphi number and the decrease of PS exposure and cell death following T. gondii infection. We also observed that Gal-3 downmodulates T. gondii-induced Nphi toxicity as well as Nphi degranulation regardless of infection. Furthermore, Gal-3 expression by Nphi was associated with increased levels of IL-10 in the beginning and decreased levels of TNF-alpha later on, regardless of parasite infection, as well as with decreased levels of IL-6 and increased IL-12 levels, following early parasite infection. Our results also showed that Gal-3 suppresses PMA- but not zymosan-induced ROS generation in Nphi following T. gondii infection. In conclusion, Gal-3 plays an important modulatory role by interfering in Nphi life span and activation during early T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celene M O S Alves
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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von Bargen K, Haas A. Molecular and infection biology of the horse pathogen Rhodococcus equi. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2009; 33:870-91. [PMID: 19453748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil actinomycete Rhodococcus equi is a pulmonary pathogen of young horses and AIDS patients. As a facultative intracellular bacterium, R. equi survives and multiplies in macrophages and establishes its specific niche inside the host cell. Recent research into chromosomal virulence factors and into the role of virulence plasmids in infection and host tropism has presented novel aspects of R. equi infection biology and pathogenicity. This review will focus on new findings in R. equi biology, the trafficking of R. equi-containing vacuoles inside host cells, factors involved in virulence and host resistance and on host-pathogen interaction on organismal and cellular levels.
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Ruas LP, Bernardes ES, Fermino ML, de Oliveira LL, Hsu DK, Liu FT, Chammas R, Roque-Barreira MC. Lack of galectin-3 drives response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis toward a Th2-biased immunity. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4519. [PMID: 19229338 PMCID: PMC2641003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is recent evidence that galectin-3 participates in immunity to infections, mostly by tuning cytokine production. We studied the balance of Th1/Th2 responses to P. brasiliensis experimental infection in the absence of galectin-3. The intermediate resistance to the fungal infection presented by C57BL/6 mice, associated with the development of a mixed type of immunity, was replaced with susceptibility to infection and a Th2-polarized immune response, in galectin-3-deficient (gal3−/−) mice. Such a response was associated with defective inflammatory and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, high IL-4 and GATA-3 expression and low nitric oxide production in the organs of infected animals. Gal3−/− macrophages exhibited higher TLR2 transcript levels and IL-10 production compared to wild-type macrophages after stimulation with P. brasiliensis antigens. We hypothesize that, during an in vivo P. brasiliensis infection, galectin-3 exerts its tuning role on immunity by interfering with the generation of regulatory macrophages, thus hindering the consequent Th2-polarized type of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Pereira Ruas
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Emerson Soares Bernardes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Marise Lopes Fermino
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | | | - Daniel K. Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Roger Chammas
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria-Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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